LED Lighting Solutions

Steven DenBaars
Group Head, LED
UC Santa Barbara
 Why LED Lighting?
Long life – lifetimes can exceed 100,000 hours as compared to
1,000 hrs for tungsten bulbs.

Robustness –no glass, no filaments.

Size – typical package is only 5 mm in diameter.

Energy efficiency – up to 90% less energy used

translates into smaller power supply.

Non-toxicity – no mercury. LED University

Versatility – available in a variety of colors; can be pulsed.

Cool – less heat radiation than HID or incandescent

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 What is LED Lighting?

L.E.D.= Light Emitting Diode (Runs on 3.2V DC Power)

Blue LED

LED produces light by combining

Positive and negative charges inside
Gallium nitride crystal

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Luminous Efficacy of Various Light Sources

LED
x

Current number for

GaN white LED at UCSB
is 152 lm/W partner chip
(But at Low Current 20mA)

2006
Graph taken from www.lampteck.co.uk
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 Lighting: Large Electricity Consumption

Lighting is single biggest users

of Electricity

•  Incandescent Light Bulb -1-4%

efficient

•  Fluorescent – 15-25% efficient

•  LED- 25-60% efficient (90%

theoretical)

U.S. lighting uses the equivalent of 50% of the energy used by

all cars on American roads. LED lighting can reduce that to 5-10%.

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2 Methods of Generating White LEDs

152 lm/W 280 lm/W possible

(2008)

Green, Red Blue GaN LED

phosphors

Blue Light

Blue GaN LED Green GaN LED

Substrate

Red LED

Blue+ Phosphors
Direct Semiconductor RGB
-lowest cost
-good efficiency
- 100 lm/W
-highest cost
->90%market share
-tunable color
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“Best”“The
White Promise” Energy
LED and Compact Usage
Fluorescent Comparison
vs. 60Watt Light Bulb Comparison

53watts
Power Used

saved
(Watts)

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 Global Warming/Energy Savings Potential of LEDs

->Lighting Consumes 22% of all Electricity Produced

->If a 150 lm/Watt Solid State White LED “system” was

developed, and employed, then in the United States alone:
•  Alleviate the need of 133 new power stations!*
•  Eliminate 258 million metric tons of Carbon*
• “The Promise of Solid State Lighting” OIDA Report ,
• http://www.netl.doe.gov/ssl/PDFs/oida_led-oled_rpt.pdf
* Leading Global Energy Solutions
 The Reality
•  Commercial White LED “Bulb” 50-80 LPW
•  Fixture Efficiency all over the map 30-80%
•  Lumina ire System Efficacy 15- 64 LPW
•  HEAT is the Biggest Problem

60 LPW

30 LPW

25C 60C in fixture

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 LED Eff. vs. System Eff.

•  Company LED Fixture Eff. System

Efficacy

–  LED A 80 LPW 80% 64LPW

–  LED B 45LPW 50% 22.5LPW

–  LED C 50LPW 30% 15LPW

–  CFL 60LPW 50% 30LPW

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 Fixture Efficiency
Lighting System Efficacy

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 Current LED Market $4B/yr

Traffic signals
Cell phone
Large Displays

Residential
(down light)) Automotive
streetlights Leading Global Energy Solutions
 LEDs in Architectural Lighting

Installation Benjamin Franklin Bridge Water Cube

PA, USA (Philips Lumileds.) (Beijing Olympics)

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 Energy Eff. LED TV

New Samsung LED TV uses 40% less power

than CFL backlit (Mass Market May 2009)

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 AUTOMOBILE LED Headlights expected 2008
from Tokyo Motor Show

Nissan Honda

Toyota

Daimler Chrysler
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 LED Lighting /Solar Cell Off-Grid

www.lutw.org
• Kerosene lighting and firewood are used by 1/3
of the world; they cause countless fires and are
very inefficient (0.03 lm/watt).

• The average villager spends 10-25% of their

annual income on kerosene.

• LED Lighting costs much less on an annual

basis and payback period is just 6 months.

www.lutw.org
“In the few months we have had the White LED lamps the
improvement in the children’s academic performance has
been absolutely remarkable”
Headmaster, Mubarak Village, Pakistan June 2004
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 CONCLUSION
•  R&D Level LED Single lamp efficacy (150lm/W) now
exceeds CFL, but:

•  HIGH COSTS >$40/lamp

•  Commercial based LED Lamp Fixtures performance

is much lower than promised are much lower due to
several factors that need further research and
development in
–  Fixture Efficiency, Efficiency Droop
–  Heat Sinking
–  Scale up to Mass production
–  Stay Tuned….

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 What's Next??
Michael Krames, Executive Vice President,
Advanced Labs, Philips Lumileds

Bruce Pelton, Director of Engineering,

California Lighting Technology Center, UC
Davis

Jim Sanfilippo, President and CEO, Nila

Inc.

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