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OVERVIEW
Continuity Equation & Laplaces Equation Flow Nets Seepage calculations from flow nets Flows nets in anisotropic soils Uplift Pressures Erosion and Piping
CONTINUITY EQUATION
Continuity Equation
Continuity Equation
h h v = ki = k h = k ex + ey x y h h Dq = v = k 2 + 2 = 0 y x
2 2
h = 0 = ex + ey x y
2
Flow Nets
Boundary Types (Drawn in ink)
Head (Dirichlet/Essential) Flow (Neuman/Natural)
Elements/Cells : region bounded by 2 parallel flow lines and 2 parallel equipotential lines.
Flow Net
Flow Net
Rate of Seepage
nf q = k DH nd where q = flow rate per unit width k = permeability DH = head drop per equipotential line n f = number of flow channels nd = number of drops
u = g w ( h - z)
k h = 0
2 h 2 h kxx 2 + kyy 2 = 0 x y 2 h 2 h + 2 =0 x= 2 x y
nf q = kmin kmax DH Flow net must be redrawn into equal nd scale in order to compute pore pressures and hydraulic gradients.
SEEPAGE FORCES