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Embedded System Design

Chapter 4: Development tools - Software development tool (CCS) - Advanced simulation with Proteus

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References
Textbook
Martin Bates, Programming 8-bit PIC Microcontrollers in C, Newnes, 2008

Many C compilers for PIC:

MikroC (www.mikroe.com) PICC18 (www.htsoft.com) MPLAB C18, C30 (www.microchip.com) CCS C (www.microchipc.com/reviews/CCS_C/)

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Outline
1. Software development tool (CCS) 2. Advanced simmulation with Proteus

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1. Software development tool (CCS C Compiler)

- CCS (Customer Computer Services) compiler supports the Microchip PIC12x, PIC16x, PIC18x, and dsPIC devices. - The PCB, PCM, and PCH are separate compilers.
- PCB is for 12-bit opcodes - PCM is for 14-bit opcodes - And PCH is for 16-bit opcode PIC microcontrollers

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Program structure

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Program structure
#include: is a directive which allows the pro-grammer to include header files, which typically give the compiler some information regarding the type of PIC and in some cases library functions, such as the mathematics library. #fuses is a directive which inserts code to set up the configuration fuses at programming time. #use is a directive which allows the programmer to give the compiler some information regarding the hardware (e.g. clock speed, or pins used for serial I/O) or how a peripheral device is to be set up. #byte is a directive allowing the programmer to give a fixed File location a name. Ex: #byte PortA = 5 to define Port A #bit is a directive allowing the programmer to give a bit in a fixed File location a name; e.g. a bit in a port connected to a LED; e.g. #bit LED = 5.2.

All C programs must have a main() function.

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Basic Data types

Types short int int1 int int8 char long int Range 1-bit number 0 or 1 8-bit unsigned number 0 255 (0 0xFF) An 8-bit character 16-bit unsigned number

The qualifier signed may be used to deal with negative numbers. The keywords int8 (same as int), int16 (same as long) and int32 are specific to the CCS compiler.

int16
int32 signed int signed int8 signed long signed int16 signed int32 float

16-bit unsigned number

32-bit unsigned number 8-bit signed number -128 127 16-bit signed number 16-bit signed number 32-bit signed number 32-bit floating-point number

The keyword const tells the compiler not to subsequently change the object

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Basic Data types

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Simple selection structures

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Simple selection structures

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Iterative Statements

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Iterative Statements

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Parallel port

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2. Advanced simmulation with Proteus

Proteus Virtual System Modelling (VSM) combines mixed mode SPICE circuit simulation, animated components and microprocessor models to facilitate cosimulation of complete microcontroller based designs. It is possible to develop and test such designs before a physical prototype is constructed. Available for PIC, 8051, MSP430, AVR, HC11, ARM7/LPC2000 and Basic Stamp processors See your code interact with simulated hardware in real-time Interactive peripheral models for displays, keypads, etc. Over 8000 analogue and digital device models Extensive single step and debugging facilities including system wide diagnostics. Works with popular compilers and assemblers

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Exercises 1
Design an embeded system that creates a pulse with the cycle of 1ms on PIN 0 of Port D of PIC 16F877A

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Exercises 1 Software design

Open CCS PIC compiler. New Project Wizard

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Exercises 1 Software design

Fill out the name of the project (ex: pulse_1s.pjt) and click Save

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Exercises 1 Software design

Choose Device (16F877A) and Oscillator Frequency (20MHz) and click OK

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Exercises 1 Software design

File pulse_1s.c is opened with some default code. Delete unnecessary code and type the code as follows:

Choose Compile Compile to compile the project.

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Exercises 1 Hardware design

Now, we use Protues to design the hardware of the circuit Open Proteus Choose P to pick devices from Libraries

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Exercises 1 Hardware design

For this exercise, we need: 1 PIC16F877A, 1 LED, 1 220 resistor, source and ground. Design the circuit as follows:

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Exercises 1 Hardware design

Double-click on the PIC16F877A to open edit component box and browse the pulse_1s.hex file in the Program File and change the Processor Clock Frequency to 20MHz click OK

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Exercises 1 Hardware design

Finally, click to to see how it works

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Exercise 2
Write program that enables 4 LEDs to be turned on gradually in the following sequence: D0 D1 D2 D3 D2 D1 D0 Note that the turning cycle is 1s.

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Exercise 3
Write the program that allows 2 7-seg led count gradually from 0 to 9 and then repeat again. Know that LED 7-SEG 0 is common cathode and LED 7-SEG 1 is common anode and the counting cycle is 500ms.

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 PIC16F877 Register Map

Unimplemented data locations, read as 0 * Not a physical register

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