Listening Comprehension

Remember:
It takes more than a single knock to fix a nail in place.

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Stress
How stress is shown:
Volume = a word is spoken louder Length = a word is stretched out Pitch = tone is changed A word may be stressed for any of the following reasons: 1. New information (it sounds like rain) 2. Opinion (it sounds like rain) 3. Contrast (he likes rain, but he hates snow) 4. cant (it cant rain) Contractions (shouldn't) and negatives (not, no, never) are important words as they negate the meaning of a sentence, but they are not usually stressed. Cant is the exception.
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Statement & Question intonation

a question will step upward until the very end, where it takes one little downward step. A question rises a little higher than a statement with the same intonation pattern. here is my car where is my car?
here

is

my

ca

ca ar
where

ar?

is

my

Emotional or Rhetorical Question Intonation

Where is my car?
ar?

ca
where

is

my

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Recognising emphatic Stress

I didnt say he stole the money. Someone else said it. I didnt say he stole the money. Thats not true at all. I didnt say he stole the money. I only suggested the possibility. I didnt say he stole the money. I think someone else took it. I didnt say he stole the money. Maybe he just borrowed it. I didnt say he stole the money, but rather some other money. I didnt say he stole the money. He may have taken some jewelry.

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Meaning of pretty
Question: How did you like the movie? Answer: 1) it was pretty good. (she liked it) 2) it was pretty good. (she didnt like it much)

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Noun & Pronoun stress

Bob sees Betty Dogs eat bones The kids like the candy Ellen should call her sister he sees her they eat them they like it she calls her

Nouns are stressed pronouns are not In the first column the verb is not stressed but in the second column it is stressed

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Stress & meaning change

my keys inn key my tea I have two Mikeys in key mighty I have, too my keys? inky my D I have to

How many kids do you have? I have two. Ive been to Europe. I have, too. why do you work so hard? I have to.

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Stressed words
Noun Its a nail Its a cake Its a tub Its a drive Adjective Its short Its chocolate Its hot Its hard
8

Descriptive phrases Its a short nail Its a chocolate cake Its a good plan Its a guarded gate Adverb & Adjective Its really short Its dark chocolate Its too hot Its extremely hard

Set Phrases Its a fingernail Its a hot tub (Jacuzzi) Its a phone book Its a door bell Nationalities hes an English teacher hes an English teacher

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Stressed words
Modified set phrases Its a leaky hot tub Its a new phone book Three-word set phrases Its a hard drive holder Its a phone book listing Remodified set phrases Its a really short fingernail Its a wrinkled, old playing card
9 Abuzar Alizadeh / Jump IELTS

Modified three-word set phrase hes the best hot tub maker Its a plastic hard drive holder Modified descriptive phrase Its a big chocolate cake its a broken back door