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Well Integrity
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Well Integrity
17 December 2012
Agenda
Philosophy Primary and Secondary Barrier Envelopes Primary and Secondary Loads Investigating Leaks and Leak Paths
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Well Integrity
17 December 2012
Reference Documents
Norsok D10 API RP90 API 14B Maersk Oil Well Barrier Standard
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Well Integrity
17 December 2012
Barrier Envelopes
Well barriers are pressure-containing envelopes that prevent fluids or gases from flowing unintentionally from the formation into another formation or to surface.
The primary barrier shall contain the fluids and gases at all times during the life of well cycle, and under all load conditions
The secondary barrier shall contain the fluids and gases in the event of a breach of the primary well barrier
The well barrier envelope changes during the wells life cycle depending on the wells functionality and also well activity such as intervention
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Well Integrity
17 December 2012
Production Annulus
Production Annulus
Intermediate Annulus
Intermediate Annulus
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Department
17 December 2012
Testing Of Barriers
Positive Test vs API Inflow Test Split Gates vs Slab Gates
Barrier Envelopes
Lift Gas Lines Instrumentation Lines Small Bore Fittings
Barrier Envelopes
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17 December 2012
#7
Well Integrity
17 December 2012
The Secondary load is an abnormal load that is not normally seen, however in theory could be possible should several events combine at the same time to produce the effect. For example, a high pressure spike as a result of a sudden water injection breakthrough is a secondary load.
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Department
17 December 2012
Secondary loads to the Primary Barrier are assessed against 80% of the published yield pressure
Both Primary and Secondary Loads to the Secondary Barrier are assessed against the published yield pressure divided by a safety factor of 1.2
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Department
17 December 2012
Perform and record at least two pressure build up profiles of the annulus section.
Note: any temperature, thermal expansion effects have first to be eliminated as the cause of the increased bleed down frequency
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Well Integrity
17 December 2012
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Well Integrity
17 December 2012
Questions?
#12
17 December 2012
Detecting a leak
All these leaks are detected at surface as an increase in pressure in the wellhead at some annulus or control lines.
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Well Integrity
17 December 2012
Measuring a leak
Gas Leak
Flow prover
Data logger: Records the pressure at all annulus, tubing and flow temperature over time
Liquid leak
API Bucket Stopwatch Flow Prover
Data logger: Records the pressure at all annulus, tubing and flow temperature over time
Many production casing leaks only exist when gas lift is introduced
The Guidelines for Annulus Pressure Monitoring and Bleed Down have been in place since 1996, the current version was last revised in November 2001
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Department
17 December 2012
#15
Well Integrity
17 December 2012