The Trail Blazer

By

Sardar Muhammad Chaudhry

Contents
FOREWORD PREFACE A GIANT AMONG MEN THE YOUTH SPEECHES JINNAH THE ARTISTIC JEWELLER

SAYING OF QUAID-I- AZAM

PLAY CRICKET A BARRISTER NOT AN ACTOR ONES OWN BRILLIANCE QUAID-I-AZAMS PROFESSIONAL INTEGRITY THE MOST BRILLIANT LAWYER SIR PARTICK SPENS COMMENT ON QUAID-I-AZAM MR. CHAGLA ON QUAID-I-AZAM IN THE COURT ROOM NOT A MAHARAJA ENCOUNTER WITH LORD MINTO BEFORE THE JOINT SELECT COMMITTEE IS EDUCATION SEDITION? MRS. SAROJINI NAIDUS TRIBUTE GOKHALE ON QUAID-I-AZAM IDEALS OF LIFE IN THE EYES OF MRS. SAROJINI NAIDU MUSLIMS WANT NO FAVOURS SEPARATE ELECTORATES ACTION NOT WORDS SECRETARY OF STATE MONTAGUS ASSESSMENT NEVER ARGUE WITH A LADY RESIGNED FROM THE IMPERIAL COUNCIL AS A PROTEST LICENCE FOR LIBERTY WHY QUAID-I-AZAM OPPOSED GANDHIS GOSPEL OF NON-COOPERATIONS? WHY QUAID-I-AZAM RESIGNED FROM THE CONGRESS? BE SHOT THAN GIVE POWERS TO THE EXECUTIVE PARTING OF THE WAYS UNIQUE CONFIDENCE REFUSED TO BE KNIGHTED WALKED AWAY FROM THE GOVERNMENT HOUSE THE CONFIDENCE OF THE MINORITIES WHY QUAID-I-AZAM DECIDED TO SETTLE IN ENGLAND? QUAID-I-AZAM ABOVE TEMPTATION HE WOULD NOT KISS A GIRL POLITICS A GAME OF CHESS MANY JINNAHS WILL ARISE TWO PERCENT RESPONSIBILITY MOSES STILL IN DARKNESS DEVIL QUOTING THE SCRIPTURE IMMUNE TO THE CHARM OF LADIES SERVICE, SUFFERING & SACRIFICE DO NOT APPROACH PEOPLE THROUGH THERE STOMACHS INNER LIGHT OF MR. GANDHI TWO SIDES OF THE SAME COIN A COMMUNALIST? BE A LITTLE HINDU THE UNIVERSITYS HONOUR QUAID-I-AZAM AND RELIGION ON GHANDHIAN POLITICS MAULANA ABUL KALAM AZAM A CONGRESS SHOW BOY MR. GANDHI IS FRIVOLOUS DIVIDING THE BABY RAJGOPALACHARYA HAS NO MIND POWER OF WOMEN VIVISECTION OF INDIA WHEN QUAID-I-AZAM MISSED IQBAL A ROSE IS ALWAYS A ROSE DEFINITION OF PAKISTAN DID HINDUSTAN BELONG TO THE HINDUS? SOUL OF MUSLIM NATION PAKISTAN POSITION

WHY WAS QUAID-I-AZAM SO POPULAR? HAPPINESS IS A TONIC QUAID-I-AZAMS FAITH IN THE MASSES ROLE OF WOMEN IN PAKISTAN A PUNJABI MUSLIM RAJPUT VITAL PRINCIPLES OF PAKISTAN DIALOGUE WITH A GIANT NO ORNAMENTS AS DONATIONS WITNESS OR TRUTH ADORATION BY THE POOR WOMEN STATUS PAKISTAN HAS ALWAYS BEEN THERE FREEDOM FOR BOTH RIGHT OF SELF-DETERMINATION THE AUTHOR OF PAKISTAN LESSONS IN GEOGRAPHY IQBALS VOICE OF ISLAM NO QUTSIDER COULD ADDRESS THE MUSLIM LEAGUE COUNCIL THE MAP THAT CHANGED THE COURSE OF HISTORY THE MOST HANDSOME MAN DICTATES OF CONSCIENCE A MAGNANIMOUS QUAID AS HE WAS ON EDUCATION ONE SWALLOW DOES NOT MAKE THE SUMMER MR. GANDHI AN ENIGMA THE LEOPARD CANNOT CHANGE ITS SPOTS IM NO MAULANA CONCEPT OF SACRIFICE GHANDHIAN TRICKS THE THIRD PARTY THE BUSY BODY NEHRU QUAID-I-AZAM AND JOURNALISTS GAME OF POLITICS ONE PARTY STATE QUAID-I-AZAM THE EMPEROR MEANING OF PAKISTAN SUPREME SACRIFICE NO ORNAMENTAL PERSON CAN REPRESENT PEOPLE KNOW THE RIGHT TIME TO MAKE SACRIFICES TOTAL COMMITMENT NO CHANGES OF MASTERS CONGRESS LIVING IN THE DREAMLAND PANDIT NEHRU THE PETER PAN ADVICE TO THE NATIONALIST MUSLIMS CLEAN POLITICS QUAID-I-AZAM QOUTED FIRDAUSI TAKING SHELTER BEHIND QUAID-I-AZAM TRUSTEE OF THE MUSLIMS GOVERNMENT AND PARTY OFFICE DONKEY IS NOT ELEPHANT QUAID-I-AZAM THE HONEST THE HONEST PACIFIST GOVERNMENT OF THE PANDITS ONCE I WAS IN THE PRIMARY SCHOOL AS WELL EATING LIGHT WHAT MUST BE, MUST BE THE HAND OF AN EMPEROR THROWING WATER ON DUCKS BACK QUAID-I-AZAM RESPECT FOR CORRECTNESS TOLERANCE IS OUR CREED QUAID-I-AZAM A FANATIC THE SECRET OF SUCCESS PRESS POWER VIABILITY OF PAKISTAN KEPING HEADS UP SOUND MINDS IN SOUND BODIES ECONOMIC SYSTEM FOR PAKISTAN HE SAW DREAMS WHEN MAY COME AND MEN MAY GO, BUT PAKISTAN WOULD LIVE FOR EVER ALLAH, PAKISTAN QUAID-I-AZAM THE MUJADID

FOREWORD
Nazaria-e-Pakistan Foundation takes pleasure in presenting this volume of extracts from the speeches, anecdotes, and comments of Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah. He is remembered in South Asia as a man of destiny who welded together scattered crowds of the Muslims, lost in political, economic and social wilderness and turned them into and independence and sovereign entity. He could not have achieved spectacular and unparalled results without having a clear conceptual framework about the way the new nation should develop politically and economically. The present rosary of readings is intended to enliven our memories of the Quaid-iAzams essential wisdom, duty, and clarity of thought on issues of permanent importance for the security, solidarity and progress of Pakistan, along with his crip and lively comments of contemporary personalities.

Dr. Rafique Ahmed

PREFACE
Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was the noblest and the wisest man of the twentieth century. He turned the course of history, welded a motley crowd into a nation and created a new country by his sheer determination, dedication and brilliance. Every word he said or wrote was wisdom. Some of these pearls of wisdom, I have picked up from his speeches for you and offer them for your study and ponderance. I am sure you will benefit from them.

Sardar Muhammad Chaudhry

A GIANT AMONG MEN

Mr. Jinnah was something more than Quaid-i-Azam. Supreme Head of the State to the people who followed him. He was more even than the architect of the Islamic nation he personally called into being So ran the tribute to Quaid-i-Azam, founder of Pakistan, by London Times on August 13, 1948. He was among that rare breed of blessed men, whom God allows to choose a lofty aim in life and allows them the reward of its fulfillment within their lifetime. Few great men in Modern History can so closely identify themselves with shaping the destiny of their countries as Mr. Jinnah with Pakistan. Lenin and Mao, considered to be all-time greats, only brought new political and social systems in their countries i.e. Russia and China which were already in existence. Whereas Mr. Jinnah carved out a country and welded together the people into a new nation by his own determination and endeavour. In making a reality of an idea i.e. Pakistan, he surpassed all contemporary political elite of the world. Mr. Jinnahs pronouncements were invariably political and reasoned by logic. In individual qualities he had few peers amongst his colleagues. In political acumen and skill none could compare with him. His phenomenal popularity was due to one thing which was common between him and Muslim India --- the desire to build a separate homeland. The intensity of devotion and awe with which the Muslims held him can be judged by one simple factor. He used to address mammoth crowds for hours, in English, a totally alien language to 90 percent of his followers, without the slightest stir amongst those teeming millions. This remarkable quality almost touched divinity. He simply transcends like an immortal in the polity of political leadership. Jinnah was also a man of the highest moral character. Unlike his contemporaries, Nehru and Gandhi, whose relationships and scandals of money and women were numerous as mentioned by Mr. M.O Mathai, Mr. Nehrus private and confidential secretary, in his book Reminiscences of the Nehru Age, Mr. Jinnah stood out as an incorruptible figure in every sense of the word among friends and foes alike. Such was his stature that a famous English historian Beverley Nicholas described him, as a giant among men in his book Verdict on India. Aziz-UL-Haq Qureshi

The Youth Speaks

THE PAKISTAN MENIFESTO ISSUED BY Muslim Youth Study Circle PAKISTAN IS OUR DELIVERANCE: DEFENCE: DESTINY

WE DENY That we are one nation. With the Hindus and the rest. Nothing unites us save arbitrary geographical boundary and temporary shackles of slavery. Nationality based on either of these must in its very nature be unnatural. It cannot, it will not last. That we have any idea of exploiting or dominating others We are self-respecting people. We respect others rights as well respect our own. We want to live and let live. None need fear PAKISTAN! WE DECLARE That we are a NATION not a "minority" A NATION of a hundred million, greater than Germans in Greater Germany and what is more, we are a NATION with our own distinctive culture and civilization, language and literature, art and architecture, names and nomenclature, sense of value and proportion, legal laws and moral codes, customs and calendar, history and traditions, aptitudes and ambitions, in short, we have our own distinctive outlook on life and of life. By all cannons of International Law we are a NATION. That no amount of threats or intimidations will ever deter us from the chosen path. Hints about a long civil war we brush aside with contempt. On our part we do not want a civil war, but in the event of others making it inevitable, a hundred million souls shall look forward to it with the calm confidence of a people who know their intrinsic value.

WE DEMAND Only the right of self-determination. The absolute right to regulate our affairs in our own lands ourselves according to the genius of our own people, without in any way being ordered about either by the British or the Hindus. PAKISTAN IS OUR ONLY DEMAND! History Justices it. Numbers confirm it. Justice claims it. Destiny demands it. Posterity awaits it. And BY GOD, WE WILL HAVE IT!!

Muslims unite! You have a whole world to gain. You have nothing to lose but your chains!! (Daily Dawn February 8, 1942)

JINNAH --- THE ARTISTIC JEWELLER

In February 1938, Quaid-i-Azam observed that primary branches of the Muslim League had been established in every district, in every town, and every village, and they were gathering the precious stones rubies, sapphires and diamonds, the scattered energies and talents of the Muslim community. He added: When you have got an artistic jeweler to set them it will be a jewel which you will be proud of. Verily Quaid-iAzm was the artistic jeweler, and he produced the jewel --Pakistan

PLAY CRICKET
Quaid-i-Azam used to say: The Congress plays marbles. I want them to stand up and play CRICKET

A BARRISTER - NOT AN ACTOR

A judge asked Quaid-i-Azam to speak a little louder. Quaid-iAzam retorted; I am a barrister, not an actor.

ONES OWN BRILLIANCE

A friend of Quaid-i-Azam wanted his son to be attached to Quaid-i-Azam so that he might become as brilliant as Quaid-iAzam. Quadi-i-Azam said: Your son can come to work in my chamber, but I cannot transmit any brilliance to him. He must make his own brilliance.

QUAID-I-AZAMS PROFESSIONAL INTEGRITY

Once a client entrusted a case to Quaid-i-Azam and asked him about his fees. Quaid-i-Azam said that his fee was Rs. 500 per hearing. The client said that he could pay only Rs. 5000. Quaid-i-Azam said he would appear only on per day basis. The client paid Rs. 5000. which he had with him. The case was decided after three hearings, and Quaid-i-Azam refunded Rs. 3500. to his client. His client wanted him to retain the entire amount, but Quaid-i-Azam said that he could not retain anything more than what was actually due to him.

THE MOST BRILLIANT LAWYER

Sir Stafford Cripps spoke of Quaid-i-Azam as a most accomplished lawyer, outstanding amongst Indian lawyers, and a fine constitutionalist.

SIR PATRICK SPENS COMMENT ON QUAID-IAZAM

.Sir Patrick Spen, the last Chief Justice, of undivided India, paid tribute to Quaid-i-Azam in the following words: There is no man or woman living who imputes anything against his honour or his honesty. He was the most upright person that I know, but throughout it all, he never, as far as I know, for one moment, attempted to deceive any body, as to what he was aiming at or as to the means he attempted to adopt to get it.

MR. CHAGLA ON QUAID-I-AZAM

Mr. M.C Chagla, who rose to be the Chief Justice of the High Court of Bombay and later became the Foreign Minister of India, assessed the professional skill of Quaid-i-Azam as a lawyer in the following words; Jinnah was a pure artist in the manner and method of his presentation. Even the most complex facts became simple and obvious when he waved his wand over them. He could be ferociously aggressive and almost boyishly persuasive as and when the occasion arose, and what particularly helped him in his advocacy, was the absolute clear head that he possessed, and on which he justly prided himself. He had common sense, that most uncommon of qualities in an uncommon degree.

IN THE COURT ROOM

Mr. Frank Moraes, Chief Editor of The Indian Express has described Quaid-i-Azam in the following words: Watch him in the court room as he argues a case. Few lawyers command a more attentive audience. No man is more adroit in presenting his case. If to achieve the maximum result with minimum effort is the hallmark of artistry, Mr. Jinnah is an artist in his craft. He likes to get down to the bare bones of a brief. In stating the essentials of a case, his manner is masterly. The drab courtroom acquires an atmosphere as he speaks. Juniors crane their necks forward to follow every movement of his tall, well groomed figure; senior counsels listen closely; the judge is all attention.

NOT A MAHARAJA
Once Quaid-i-Azam stayed with the Raja of Mahmudabad in Butler Palace. During the lunch a servant stood as a waiter. Quaid-i-Azam was lost in his thoughts, and then seeing the man exclaimed: What do you want?. The servant explained that he was under orders to wait on him during the lunch. In the evening addressing the Raja of Mahmudabad Quaid-iAzam said: If your man stands over my head like that, I will be disturbed in my thoughs. I am an ordinary person of Bombay and not a Maharaja. This provided good entertainment for the guests.

ENCOUNTER WITH LORD MINTO

In 1910 Quaid-i-Azam in the debate on the resolution on indentured labour for Natal said before the Viceroy of India Lord Minto: If I may say at the outset, it is a most painful question, a question which has raised the feeling of all classes in this country to the highest pitch of indignation and horror at the harsh and cruel treatment that is meted out to Indians in South Africa. Lord Minto interrupted and said: I think that is rather too strong a word cruelty. At this Quaid-i-Azam retorted: Well, my Lord, I should feel inclined to use much stronger language. Quaid-i-Azam was applauded for his courageous stand, and the press displayed the incident in bold headlines.

BEFORE THE JOINT SELECT COMMITTEE

In 1911 the Joint Select Committee of the Parliament in London asked Quaid-i-Azam the question: How do you justify an advance in self-government with a literacy percentage of only 12? Quaid-i-Azam replied: Did the lack of literacy prevent you from going ahead with your successive Reforms Acts which continuously enlarged the franchise? And if it is good for England why should it be bad for India?

IS EDUCATION SEDITION?
In 1912, the Elementary Education Bill was opposed by the British Government for many reasons, and one of the grounds advanced was that education would breed sedition. Quaid-i-Azam thundered: Do you really think that education means sedition?

MRS. SAROJINI NAIDUS TRIBUTE

On the Wakf Validating Bill moved by Quaid-i-Azam in 1913, Mrs. Sarojini Naidu paid tribute to Quaid-i-Azam for this achievement in the following words: His admirable skill and tact in piloting through such an intricate and controversial measure - the first instance of a Bill passing into legislation on the motion of a private member - won him not only the appreciation of his colleagues, but also his first meed of his general recognition from his co-religionists all over India.

GOKHALE ON QUAID-I-AZAM
Gokhale, the veteran leader, paid tribute to Quaid-i-Azam in the following words: He has true stuff in him and that freedom from all sectarian prejudice which will make him the best ambassador of Hindu-Muslim unity.

IDEALS OF LIFE
Quaid-i-Azam held: Trust must ultimately prevail. Faithfulness to the cause will be rewarded. Temptations and allurements for an immediate glory should be disregarded for the sake of wider and broader issues and nobler ideas. Individual conveniences must be sacrificed for the general good.

IN THE EYES OF MRS. SAROJINI NAIDU

Mrs. Sarojini Naidu paid tribute to Quaid-i-Azam in the following words: Never was there a nature whose other qualities provided so complete an anti-thesis of its inner worth. Tall and stately, but thin to the point of emaciation, languid and luxurious of habit, Mohammad Ali Jinnahs attenuated form is the deceptive sheath of a spirit of exceptional vitality and endurance.

MUSLIMS WANT NO FAVOURS

In 1916, Quaid-i-Azam defined the attitude of the Muslims in the following terms: We want no favours, and crave for no partial treatment. What we want is healthy and fair impetus to be given to our aspirations and ideals as a community and it is the most sacred duty of the Government to respond to that claim.

SEPARATE ELECTORATES
In 1916, Quaid-i-Azam expressed his views about the separate electorates as follows: The demand for separate electorate is not a matter of policy but a matter of necessity to the Muslims, who require to be roused from the coma and torpor into which they had fallen so long.

ACTION NOT WORDS

At the war conference at Bombay in 1918 presided over by Lord Willingdon, Quaid-i-Azam said: If you wish to enable us to help you, to facilitate and stimulate the recruiting, you must make the educated people feel that they are the citizens of the empire and the Kings equal subjects. We dont want words. We want action and immediate deeds.

SECRETARY OF STATE MONTAGUS ASSESSMENT

About Quaid-i-Azam the following observations occur in his diary published in 1918: Jinnah, young, perfectly mannered, impressive looking, armed to the teeth with dialectics and insistent upon the whole of his scheme --- he would rather have nothing if he could not get the whole lot. ---Chelmsford tried to argue with him and was tied up into knots. Jinnah is a very clever man, and it is of course an outrage that such a man should have no chance of running the affairs of his own country.

NEVER ARGUE WITH A LADY

Quaid-i-Azam had a meeting with Dr. Annie Besant to discuss a report. He however failed to carry his point with Dr. Annie Besant. When he came out of the meeting, he was asked as to what had happened. He shrugged his shoulders and said My dear fellow, never argue with a lady.

RESIGNED FROM THE IMPERIAL COUNCIL AS A PROTEST

Quaid-i-Azam said: The passing of the Rowlatt Bill against the will of the people has severely shaken the trust reposed by them in British Justice. Further, it has clearly demonstrated the constitution of the Imperial Legislative Council, which is a legislature but in name, a machine propelled by a foreign executive. Neither the unanimous opinion of the non-official Indian members nor the entire public opinion feeling outside, has met with the least respect. The fundamental principles of justice have been uprooted, and the constitutional rights of the people have been violated, at a time, when there is no real danger to the State, by an over fretful and incompetent bureaucracy, which is neither responsible to the people nor in touch with real public opinion, and their sole plea is that the powers they have assumed will not be abused ...

LICENCE FOR LIBERTY

Quaid-i-Azam characterized the Montagu-Chelmsford reforms as licence for liberty. He said: Licence for liberty does not compensate for the liberty. What is wanted is true political freedom of the people and no posts and positions in government.

WHY QUAID-I-AZAM OPPOSED GANDHIS GOSPEL OF NON-COOPERATION?

Quaid-i-Azam said: If we are going to regulate everything in our country by the doctrine of non-violence and non-cooperation, then I am afraid we are forgetting human nature. Quiad-i-Azam stood for advancing the cause of their people through higher education while Mr. Gandhi in India wanted the boys and girls to give up education and boycott schools.

WHY QUAID-I-AZAM RESIGNED FROM THE CONGRESS?

At the Nagpur Session of the Congress in 1920, Mr. Gandhi moved a resolution to change the original creed of steady constitutional reforms and national unity to the attainment of independence by all legitimate means that was to discard constitutional means, and to bypass the need of national unity. Quaid-i-Azam resigned from the Congress and wrote to Gandhi:Your methods have already caused split and division in almost every institution that you have approached hitherto, and in the public life of the country, not only amongst Hindus and Muslims but between Hindus and Hindus and Muslims and Muslims and even between fathers and sons; people generally are desperate all over the country and your extreme programme has for the moment struck the imagination mostly of the inexperienced youth and the ignorant and the illiterate. All this means complete disorganization and chaos.

BE SHOT THAN GIVE POWERS TO THE EXECUTIVE

In 1925 a bill was introduced in the Assembly, seeking to give more powers to the executive. Opposing the bill, The Quaid-i-Azam said: If I were an official, and if I felt that my life was in danger, and I was going to be shot down, even like a dog, I should never be a party to a measure which will endanger the life and liberty of the innocent population, as this measure undoubtedly does. But rather I would stand to be shot down by that wicked gang, than give power to the executive and the police, which can be abused, and has been abused in the past.

PARTING OF THE WAYS

An Hindu-Muslim accord was arrived at in 1916 under the Lucknow Pact. Later the Hindus resiled from this Pact. When the constitutional proposals were drawn under what came to be called the Nehru Report , all the safeguards that had been conceded for the Muslims under the Lucknow Pact were sought to be withdrawn. Quaid-i-Azam made desperate efforts to save the Lucknow Pact. The Nehru Report came up for consideration at the All Parties Convention held at Calcutta in December 1928. Quaid-i-Azam attended the Convention. The Hindus insisted on joint electorate while the Muslims stuck to separate electorate. Quaid-i-Azam for the sake of national unity agreed to joint electorate subject to weightage for Muslims in minority provinces, 33% seats for the Muslims in the Central Assembly, the introduction of reforms in the NWFP, and the separation of Sind from Bombay. Even these minor reforms were not agreed to by the Hindus. Quaid-i-Azam felt humiliated. That was the end of Quaid-i-Azams efforts to promote national unity, and led to the parting of ways between the Hindus and the Muslims.

UNIQUE CONFIDENCE
Once on the eve of elections Quaid-i-Azam addressed a public meeting at Bombay. He faced a hostile audience. As he proceeded heckling gathered strength. Quaid-i-Azam said: If you dont wish to vote for me, dont vote for me, but listen to me. Gradually the cat calls died down. When he finished the cheers were tumultuous. And in due course Quaid-i-Azam was elected unopposed.

REFUSED TO BE KNIGHTED
Lord Reading offered Quaid-i-Azam Judgeship of a High Court, but Quaid-i-Azam refused the offer. Lord Reading next offered him Law Membership in the Viceroys cabinet. This offer was also refused. Lord Reading then sounded Quaid-i-Azam whether he would agree to be knighted. Quaid-i-Azam refused saying: I prefer to be plain Mr. Jinnah than Sir Muhammad Ali Jinnah. At a social function Lord Reading wanted Mrs. Jinnah persuade her husband agree to be knighted. Mariam Jinnnah said: If my husband accepts knighthood, I will take a separation from him.

WALKED AWAY FROM THE GOVERNMENT HOUSE

Some time after his marriage with Mariam Jinnah, Quaid-iAzam and his wife were invited by Lord Willingdon, then Governor of Bombay, to dine with him at the Government House. Mrs. Jinnah wore a dress which for some reason did not please lady Willingdon. She asked an A.D.C. to bring a wrap for Mrs. Jinnah, as she might be feeling cold. At this Quaid-i-Azam felt insulted. He said: When Mrs. Jinnah feels cold, she will say so and ask for a wrap. With these words Quaid-i-Azam rose from his seat and led his wife from the dining hall. Thereafter he never accepted any invitation from the Government House.

THE CONFIDENCE OF THE MINORITIES

Quaid-i-Azam said: Unfortunately the majority party in India have a bania mentality and they would bargain and haggle over the matter, thereby failing to win the confidence of the minorities.

WHY QUAID-I-AZAM DECIDED TO SETTLE IN ENGLAND?

After the Round Table Conference Quaid-i-Azam settled in England. At the Aligarh University in 1938, Quaid-i-Azam explained the background of this in the following words: I received the shock of my life at the meetings of the Round Table Conference. In the face of danger, the Hindu sentiment, the Hindu mind, the Hindu attitude led me to the conclusion that there was no hope of unity. The Mussalmans were like dwellers in No Mans Land. Whenever attempts were made to organize the Muslims, toadies and flunkeys on the one hand, and traitors in the Congress camp on the other, frustrated the efforts. I began to feel that neither could I help India, nor change the Hindu mentality; nor could I make the Mussalmans realize the precarious position. I felt so disappointed and so depressed that I decided to settle down in London. Not that I did not love India, but I felt so utterly helpless.

QUAID-I-AZAM ABOVE TEMPTATION

On the occasion of the Round Table Conference, the British Premier Ramsay MacDonald had separate meeting with Quaid-i-Azam. Turning to Quaid-i-Azam he said: Mr. Jinnah, you know that we are hoping to grant selfgovernment to India, and I shall need men to be governors of Provinces. Quaid-i-Azam interrupted him and said: Mr. MacDonald are you trying to bribe me?

HE WOULD NOT KISS A GIRL

Once Quaid-i-Azam won in a game of forfeits, and the lady who lost offered herself to be kissed as was the custom. Quaid-i-Azam said: Well, my lady I waive my right. I cannot make my way to kiss a lady with whom I have not fallen in love.

POLITICS - A GAME OF CHESS

In his conversation with Sir Abdul Qadir, Quaid-i-Azam said: Politics is a game of chess. My people have asked me to play the game for them, but they want that every move that I take I should explain the reason therefore. How can that be feasible? Please ask the nation to have confidence in me and let me make such moves as may be expedient. If they do not have confidence in me it is open to them to have another person to play the chess for them.

MANY JINNAHS WILL ARISE

Quaid-i-Azam referred to the Muslim students as the vanguard of the Pakistan Movement. When the students cheered him he said: Well many Jinnahs will arise from among you. When the students referred to the future, Quaid-i-Azam said: I have no fear of the future in your hands.

TWO PERCENT RESPONSIBILITY

Commenting on the provisions of the Government of India Act 1935, Quaid-i-Azam said that it was 2% responsibility and 98% safeguards and special responsibilities. According to him the new Constitution was merely the perpetuation of a fraud, and against the honour of India.

MOSES STILL IN DARKNESS

When in February 1935 the Report on Indian Constitutional Reforms was debated by the Central Legislative Assembly, the Home Member Sir Henry Craik appealed to accept the report and said: When there was no light, what happened to Moses? He was in darkness? The Quaid-i-Azam thought the report was inadequate and said: True, but is there any light here? Is this the light? I say that Moses is still in darkness?

DEVIL QUOTING THE SCRIPTURE

When in 1935 the Report on Indian Constitutional Reforms was considered by the Central Legislative Assembly, Sir Joseph Bhore quoted Abraham Lincoln. The Quaid-i-Azam did not think the comparison fair and said: When he quoted Abraham Lincoln, it reminded me of the devil quoting the scripture.

IMMUNE TO THE CHARM OF LADIES

In 1936 a certain lady visited Quaid-i-Azam frequently and tried to persuade him not to set up any parliamentary board. Mr. Tajuddin a veteran Muslim League leader of the Punjab humorously remarked That lady is going very far. I fear lest you may fall to her charms. Quaid-i-Azam smiled and said I am immune to the charm of ladies; let any one try as she may.

SERVICE, SUFFERING & SACRIFICE

Quaid-i-Azam said: Service, suffering and sacrifice are absolutely essential conditions before we can achieve anything big and secure our right place in the national life of our country.

DO NOT APPROACH PEOPLE THROUGH THEIR STOMACHS

Chaudhri Ali Muhammad Khadim wrote an article that the Quaid-i-Azam did not invite people to social functions at his house. Quaid-i-Azam smiled and said: I do not like to approach people through their stomachs. Giving of parties is a kind of bribery in return for which peoples support is obtained. I thoroughly detest it.

INNER LIGHT OF MR. GANDHI

Once when Mr. Gandhi turned a political somersault and sought shelter behind his Inner light Quaid-i-Azam remarked: To hell with his inner light; why cant he be honest and admit that he had made a mistake?

TWO SIDES OF THE SAME COIN

Mr. Gandhi held that the Congress did not represent the Hindus. The Hindus according to him were represented by the Hindu Mahsaba. Quaid-i-Azam repudiated: It is the same coin with a stamp on one side of the Hindu Mahasaba, and on the other that of the Congress, and what one speaks out openly the other practices.

A COMMUNALIST?
In 1939 Quaid-i-Azam said: Gentlemen! if for bettering the conditions of the teeming millions of this country; if for uplifting the social, economic and political standards of the Muslims of India I am branded as a communalist, I assure you, Gentlemen, that I am proud to be a communalist. Some Hindu students interrupted and cried out Gandhiji Ki Jai. Quaid-i-Azam stopped for a while and then turning to the Hindu students said: Yes, by all means, Gandhi is a great Hindu leader.

BE A LITTLE HINDU
Muahmmad Hanif Azad was a motor driver of Quaid-iAzam. He has related that in 1939 he was driving the car at Vorli near the seashore. Quaid-i-Azam was in a happy mood. The Eid festival was to be celebrated within a few days. Azad meaningfully referred to the coming Eid with a view to getting some extra money from Quaid-i-Azam. Quaid-i-Azam realized the trick, and humorously said: Well you have become a Muslim all of a sudden; be a little Hindu.

THE UNIVERSITYS HONOUR

Dr. Ziauddin Ahmad at one time Vice-Chancellor of Aligarh University has related an anecdote highlighting the intergrity and incorruptibillity of Quaid-i-Azam. An Insurance Bill was under discussion in the Central Assembly. Dr. Ziauddin was a member of the Assembly, and a business magnate approached him that if he moved a particular amendment to the bill, a donation of one lakh rupees would be paid to the funds of the Aligarh University. Dr. Ziauddin said that he would give his reactions to the offer after consulting Quaid-i-Azam. When Quaid-i-Azam was consulted he advised that the Universitys honour should not be compromised by accepting a donation. Dr. Ziauddin accordingly declined the offer, and refused to move the amendment.

QUAID-I-AZAM AND RELIGION

In his letter dated Ist January 1940, addressed to Mr. Gandhi, Quaid-i-Azam dwelt upon the subject of religion and politics in the following terms: I could not be leading a religious life unless I identified myself with the whole of mankind, and that I could not do unless I took part in politics. The gamut of mans activities to-day constitutes an indivisible whole. You cannot divide social, economic, political and purely religious work into water tight compartments. I do not know any religion apart from human activity. it provides a moral basis to all other activities which they would otherwise lack, reducing life to a maze of sound and fury signifying nothing.

ON GHANDHIAN POLITICS
In a letter addressed to Mr. Gandhi, Quaid-i-Azam assessed the politics of Gandhi in the following terms; It is due partly to the fact that you are living secluded life at Segaon, and partly because all your thoughts and actions are guided by inner voice that you have very little concern with realities, or what might be termed by an ordinary mortal practical politics. I sometimes wonder what can be common between practical politics and yourself, between democracy and the dictator of a political organization of which he is not even a four-anna member. But that is, I suppose, because you do not consider the Congress worthy of your membership.

MAULANA ABUL KALAM AZAD A CONGRESS SHOW BOY

In 1940 Maulana Abul Kalam Azad as President of the Congress wanted to see Quaid-i-Azam. Quaid-i-Azam replied: I refuse to discuss with you by correspondence or otherwise as you have completely forfeited the confidence of Muslim India. Can you not realize that you are made a Muslim show boy Congress President to give it colour that it is national and deceive foreign countries. You represent neither Muslims nor Hindus. The Congress is a Hindu body. If you have self-respect resign at once.

MR. GANDHI IS FRIVOLOUS

Mr. Gandhi said: To me Hindus, Muslims, Parsis, Harijans, are all alike. I cannot be frivolous while I talk of Quaid-iAzam. He is my brother. Quaid-i-Azam referred to this statement of Mr. Gandhi and said: But I think he is frivolous. He calls me his brother but he has three votes while I have only one vote. I am only a poor brother, and a poor brother is indeed no brother.

DIVIDING THE BABY

When the Pakistan resolution was passed in 1940, Mr. Rajgopalacharya observed in a statement that this was like dividing the baby in King Solomons parable. On this Quaid-i-Azam observed: Mr. Rajgopalacharyas arguments of dividing the baby and the parable of King Solomon have gone beyond the zenith of his intellectual powers. This analogy he wants to apply to our proposals. Surely, India is not the sole property of the Congress and if the real mother was to be discovered it would be the Dravidians and still further the Aborigines. It would neither be the Aryans nor the Musalmans.

RAJGOPALACHARYA HAS NO MIND

In the course of his statement on the Pakistan Resolution Mr. Rajgopalacharya said Indeed not even Tipu Sultan or Hyder Ali or Aurangzeb or Akbar, all of whom lived during the days when difference seemed more deep rooted than now, imagined that India was anything but one and indivisible. On his Quaid-i-Azam observed: Yes, naturally they did so as conquerors and paternal rulers. Is this the kind of government Mr. Rajagopalachrya does still envisage? And did the Hindus of those days willingly accept the rule of these great men? I may or may not be suffering from a diseased mentality, but the statement of Mr. Rajagopalcharya and his criticism of the Lahore Resolution indicate that in him there is no mind left at all.

POWER OF WOMEN
In March 1940, Quaid-i-Azam addressed the students of a College for Girls in Lahore. He said that two powers were well known, the powers of the pen and the sword, but that there was the third power as well, and that was the power of women. It was this power which guided men to make use of the powers of pen and the sword.

VIVISECTION OF INDIA
When the Pakistan Resolution was passed at Lahore in 1940, Mr. Gandhi and other Congress leaders criticized it on the ground that it aimed at the vivisection of India, and at cutting the body into two halves. Quaid-i-Azam said in reply: India is divided and partitioned by nature. Where is the country which is being divided? Where is the nation, which is being denationalized? Indian nation and Central Government do not exist.

WHEN QUAID-I-AZAM MISSED IQBAL

After the Pakistan resolution was passed in March 1940, Quaid-i-Azam turning to some of his friends said: Iqbal is no longer amongst us and he would be happy to know that we did exactly what he wanted us to do.

A ROSE IS ALWAYS A ROSE

Mr. Gandhi asked what prefix he should use with reference to the name of Quaid-i-Azam. Quaid-i-Azam quipped. What is in a prefix after all; a rose called by any other name would smell just as sweet.

DEFINITION OF PAKISTAN
When the Pakistan resolution was passed, an accusation levelled against Quaid-i-Azam by the Congress was that he had not defined Pakistan. Quaid-i-Azam said: The vital point is that the principle of separation should be accepted; the rest would follow automatically.

DID HINDUSTAN BELONG TO THE HINDUS?

When the Muslims raised the demand for Pakistan, the Hindus resisted the demand as if Hindustan belonged to the Hindus. In his presidential address at the Punjab Muslim Students Federation on 2nd March 1941, Quaid-iAzam observed that it was an utter nonsense to say that Hindustan belonged to the Hindus. It was in the possession of the British, and as such the demand for Pakistan was made to the British, and not to the Hindus who never took the whole of India. It was the Muslims who took India and ruled for 700 years. It was the British who took India from the Musalmans, and the Muslims wanted back from the British only such territories in which they were in a majority.

SOUL OF MUSLIM NATION

Quaid-i-Azam exhorted the Muslims to adopt the following motto: Money is lost, nothing is lost; Courage is lost much is lost; Honour is lost most is lost; Soul is lost all is lost;

PAKISTAN POSITION
Quaid-i-Azam expounded the stand of the Muslims for struggle of Pakistan in the following terms: We know that our cause is a righteous one. We are asking for justice and fairplay. We have no designs upon our sister communities. We want to live in this land as a free and independent nation.

WHY WAS QUAID-I-AZAM SO POPULAR?

Dr. Zia-uddin, Vice-Chancellor of Aligarh University has related that once the Viceroy Lord Linlithgow asked him why was Quaid-i-Azam so popular with the Muslims? Dr. Ziauddin replied. When the British forgetting all their pledges had thrown the Muslims at the mercy of the Congress, it was Quaid-i-Azam alone who had the courage to stand up and fight for the rights and interests of the Muslims.

HAPPINESS IS A TONIC
A poet in a poem observed that Quaid-i-Azam was growing younger. Referring to this poem Quaid-i-Azam said: If I am getting younger and I believe me I am - it is the feeling of happiness over being treated by the people of India with such regard and affection. Happiness is a tonic.

QUAID-I-AZAMS FAITH IN THE MASSES

When the Pakistan struggle was launched some workers were pessimistic about the attitude of the intelligentsia. Quaid-i-Azam merely said Dont worry. The intelligentsia may appear somewhat sluggish, but the Muslim masses by their dynamism are creating a situation which will soon lead our intelligentsia to roll up their sleeves and jump into the fray.

ROLE OF WOMEN IN PAKISTAN

Begum Geti Ara Bashir Ahmad requested Quaid-i-Azam to elucidate whether in Pakistan women would be confined to their homes. Quaid-i-Azam replied categorically: Tell your young girls, I am a progressive Muslim. I, therefore, take my sister alongwith me to the backward areas like Baluchistan and the NWFP, and she also attends the sessions of the All India Muslim League and other public meetings. Insha Allah, Pakistan will be a progressive country in the building of which women will be seen working shoulder to shoulder with men in every department of life.

A PUNABI MUSLIM RAJPUT

Once Quaid-i-Azam was the guest of the Nawab of Baghpat in Meerut district. One day in lighter vein the Nawab enquired of Quaid-i-Azam Your family is that of the Khojas-businessmen. From where did you inherit this dash and fight? Thereupon Quaid-i-Azam smiled and said: Nawab Sahib, I am a Punjabi Muslim Rajput. One of my ancestors migrated from Montgomery (Sahiwal) in the Punjab to Kathiawar. There he married a Khoja girl, and became a Khoja.

VITAL PRINCIPLES OF PAKISTAN

After meeting all the Indian leaders, the verdict of Beverley Nichols a famous British author, was that Quaid-i-Azam was the most important man in Asia. At the interview Mr. Nichols asked Quaid-i-Azam how he would describe the vital principles of Pakistan. Quaid-i-Azam said that the vital principle was that the Muslims are a nation and then added: The one thing which keeps the British in India is the false idea of a united India as preached by Gandhi. A united India is a British creation, a myth which has caused endless strife. As long as that strife exists, the British have an excuse for remaining. Mr. Nichols asked Quaid-i-Azam whether he wanted the British to divide and quit? The Quaid-i-Azam said Yes. You have put it very neatly.

DIALOGUE WITH A GIANT

Beverly Nichols visited India in 1943, and wrote a book Verdict on India. The chapter in the book about Quaid-iAzam was captioned Dialogue with a Giant. One of the questions asked by Mr. Nichols was about the economic viability of Pakistan. Quaid-i-Azam answered the question in the following terms: What conceivable reason is there to suppose that the gift of nationality is going to be an economic liability. How any European can get up and say that Pakistan is economically impossible after the treaty of Versailles is really beyond my comprehension. The great brains who cut Europe into a ridiculous patchwork of conflicting and artificial boundaries are hardly the people to talk economics to us.

NO ORNAMENTS AS DONATIONS
When an ornament was presented before Quaid-i-Azam he thanked the lady and returned her ornament saying We do not accept ornaments as donation to the Muslim League Fund.

WITNESS OF TRUTH
During the Trial of the Khaksar assault case on the Quaid-iAzam Justice Blagden referred to Quaid-i-Azam in the following words I must say, that in all my experience, I have never seen a more obvious witness of truth than Mr. Jinnah.

ADORATION BY THE POOR

Quaid-i-Azam related that once he was the guest of a big Seth. When about to depart he offered some money to the butler who had served him. The butler refused the offer. Quaid-i-Azam thinking that the refusal was presumably due to the meagerness of the amount, doubled it. The butler refused again. Quaid-i-Azam further raised the amount but the butler refused again, Quaid-i-Azam enquired from the man the cause of this refusal, and he said You are serving the cause of the nation, and we are much beholden to you. How can we accept any compensation from you for a paltry service. That was an honour for me, and how can I barter away my honour by receiving any amount however big?

WOMEN STATUS
I wish to impress on you that no nation can rise to the heights of glory unless your women are side by side with you. It is a crime against humanity that our women are shut up within the four walls of the houses as prisoners. I do not mean that we should imitate the evils of western life. But let us try to raise the status of our women according to our own Islamic idea and standards. There is no sanction anywhere for the deplorable conditions in which our women have to live. You should take your women along with you as comrades in every sphere of life avoiding the corrupt practice of western society. You cannto expect a woman who is herself ignorant to bring up your children properly. The woman has the power to bring up children on right lines. Let us not throw away this asset. (Address at Aligarh University 1944.)

PAKISTAN HAS ALWAYS BEEN THERE

Quaid-i-Azam said Pakistan was not the product of the conduct or misconduct of the Hindus. It had always been there; only they were not concious of it. Hindus and Muslims, thought living in the same towns and villages, had never blended into one nation; they had always remained two separate entities. (Address at Aligarh University 1944.)

FREEDOM FOR BOTH

As for the British, they never give anything except under stress. It is very difficult to corner John Bull. If India had an overwhelming majority of Musalmaans there would have been no difficulty in cornering John Bull. But the trouble is if I go to grapple with John Bull the Hindus come to his rescue, and when the Hindus go to corner him to force their demands which are detrimental to us we cannot join them. If the Hindu demand is accepted it means freedom for the Hindus but enslavement for the Musalmaans. If my demand is accepted it means freedom for both. (Address at Aligarh University 1944)

RIGHT OF SELF-DETERMINATION
Who is the author of this new formula that every community has the right of self-determination all over India. Either it is colossal ignorance or mischief and trick. Let me give them a reply that the Mussalmans claim the right of self-determination because they are a national group on a given territory which is their homeland and in the zones where they are in a majority. Therefore, in constitutional language, they are characterized as a subnational group who cannot expect anything more than what is due from any civilized government to a minority. The Muslims are not a subnational group; it is their birthright to claim and exercise the right of selfdetermination. (Address to M.S.F. Jallundher 1942)

THE AUTHOR OF PAKISTAN

When the Quaid-i-Azam was asked as to who was the author of Pakistan, his reply was Every Musalmaan.

LESSONS IN GEOGRAPHY
When the Muslims raised the demand for Pakistan the Congress opposed the demand on the basis of the geographical unity. The British also thought the same way. In his speech at Aligarh in March 1944. Quaid-i-Azam, referred to Lord Wavells theory of the geographical unity of India and said: that they in Aligarh, stood in no need of any lessons in geography as they had a most efficient department of Geography of their own, and they knew very well that India never was and is not a geographical unity.

IQBAL --- VOICE OF ISLAM

In his message on the occasion of Iqbal Day in 1944 Quaid-i-Azam expounded the message of Iqbal in the following words: Though Iqbal is not amongst us, his verse, immortal as it is, is always there to guide us and to inspire us. His poetry, besides being beautiful in form and sweet in language, presents to us a picture of the mind and heart of this great poet, and we find how deeply he was devoted to the teachings of Islam. He was a true and faithful follower of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) a Muslim first and Muslim last. He was the interpreter and voice of Islam. Iqbal was not merely a preacher and a philosopher. He stood for courage and action, perseverance and self-reliance, and above all faith in God and devotion to Islam. In his person were combined the idealism of the poet and the realism of the man who takes a practical view of things. Faith in God and untiring action is the essence of his message.

NO OUTSIDER COULD ADDRESS THE MUSLIM LEAGUE COUNCIL

Mr. Gandhi suggested to Quaid-i-Azam that he should be allowed to address the Muslim League Council. To this Quaid-i-Azam replied that only a member or a delegate was entitled to participate in the deliberations of the meetings of the Council, and no outsider could address it.

THE MAP THAT CHANGED THE COURSE OF HISTORY

When Lord Linlithgow was the Viceroy of India, in an interview with Quaid-i-Azam one day he suggested that if the Muslim League did not insist on partition he could get for the Muslims adequate safeguards. Quadi-i-Azam said: that he would answer the question at the next interview. When Quaid-i-Azam went to see the Viceroy again he carried a map of Pakistan as drawn in embroidery by a young girl of Rohilkhund. Quaid-i-Azam showed this map to the Viceroy who praised the work of embroidery. Quaid-iAzam told the Viceroy that this map had been presented to him by a young girl of eleven years only belonging to a conservative family. Quaid-i-Azam added, This would show that the idea of Pakistan has gathered roots and had caught the imagination of the Muslims. Now this idea cannot be changed. The Viceroy nodded in agreement.

THE MOST HANDSOME MAN

Quaid-i-Azam was a very handsome person. Lord Wavell said of him Mr. Jinnah was one of the handsomest men I have ever seen; he combined the clear cut, almost Grecian features of the West with oriental grace and movement.

DICTATES OF CONSCIENCE
Quaid-i-Azam did not care what people said or thought. He did only what his conscience told him. He said If you follow my advice you will rise free like gold. This advice should be taken as a touchstone in all walks of life. Dont run after jobs; let jobs run after you.

A MAGNANIMOUS QUAID
Mohammad Noman was a student at the Aligarh University and blessed with talents of mimicry. Often he would imitate Quaid-i-Azam. One day Quaid-i-Azam visited Aligarh. He sent for Noman and said I am told you mimic me with great skill. show me how you do it. Mohammad Noman gave the demonstration, and Quaid-i-Azam felt amused. Quaid-i-Azam took off his cap and monocle and said Very good. Take these; they will make it more authentic in future.

AS HE WAS
Mr. Ghandhi travelled third class. Once some Muslim League members suggested to Quaid-i-Azam that like Mr. Gandhi he should also travel third class. Quaid-i-Azam said: Any such conduct would by hypocrisy, and whatever else he might be, he could never be a hypocrite.

ON EDUCATION
In January 1945 while speaking at the session of the Gujrat Muslim Educational Conference, Quaid-i-Azam said: Without education it is complete darkness and with education it is light. Education is a matter of life and death to our nation. The world is moving so fast that if you do not educate yourselves you will be not only completely left behind, but will be finished up. The Holy Prophet had enjoined his followers to go even to China in the pursuit of knowledge. If that was the commandment in those days when communications were difficult, then, truly, Muslims, as the true followers of the glorious heritage of Islam, should surely utilize all available opportunities. No sacrifice of Time or personal comfort should be regarded too great for the advancement of the cause of education.

ONE SWALLOW DOES NOT MAKE THE SUMMER

The stand of Quaid-i-Azam was that in the interim government in 1946, all the Muslims should be the nominees of the Muslim League. This stand was criticized on the ground that there were Muslims in the Congress and other organizations as well. Quaid-i-Azam explained that the total number of Muslim members in all the Provincial Legislatures and the Central Legislature was about 600 and out of these 550 were Muslim Leaguers. Quaid-i-Azam argued that there cannot be unanimity in this world. He said One swallow does not make the summer, nor do a few hundred Muslims in the Congress make the Congress either a body representative of India as a whole or support its claim to have any voice in the selection of the members of the Muslim block.

MR. GANDHI --- AN ENIGMA

Quaid-i-Azam analyzed Gandhis tactics in the following terms: The first question is why did Gandhi as one of the leaders of the recognized parties go to Simla? Having gone there, why did he not attend the Conference? The reason is simple. It is to play the role of a wirepuller. He was not merely content with being an adviser of the Congress and its working committee, but he constituted himself as an adviser of the Viceroy and through him the British Nation. Mornings and evenings, the Working Committee meetings took place and he was the guiding spirit behind them. When it suits him, he represents no body, he can talk in individual capacity; he is not even a four Anna member of the Congress; he undertakes fast to decide the political issue; he reduces himself to zero and consults his inner voice; yet when it suits him, he is supreme dictator of the Congress! He thinks he represents whole of India. Mr. Gandhi is an enigma.

THE LEOPARD CANNOT CHANGE ITS SPOTS

When the Muslim league began to gather strength, the Congress launched a movement to divide, corrupt, mislead, misguide and bamboozle the Muslims. In his speech Quaidi-Azam said that he wished that the large amount of money which was at the disposal of the Congress could be utilized for a better purpose than causing disruption among the Muslims. Quaid-i-Azam added: But I am doubtful whether the leopard can change its spots.

IM NO MAULANA
One day a crowd shouted Maulana Muhammad Ali Zindabad. Quaid-i-Azam said: S calling me Maulana. I am not your religious leader. I am your political leader. Call me Mr. Jinnah, or Muhammad Ali Jinnah, but no Maulana.

CONCEPT OF SACRIFICE
The Congress accused the Muslim League of having made no sacrifices. Quaid-i-Azam replied. We are accused of having made no sacrifices for our goal. I am afraid we cannot contribute that sort of sacrifice to which the Congress seems accustomed to obtain leadership, to sit like goats under the police lathi charge, then to go to jail, then to complain of loss of weight and then to manage release. I dont believe in that sort of struggle, but when the time of suffering comes, I will be the first to get the bullet shots in my chest.

GHANDHIAN TRICKS
One day Mr. Gandhi said: Mr. Jinnah, I have come to you as a beggar. Please concede my demand. Quaid-i-Azam retorted: It is no use indulging in such sentimental rhetoric. What you demand from me belongs to the nation, and as a trustee I cannot give you what is a trust.

THE THIRD PARTY

As President of the Congress, Jawahar Lal declared that there were only two parties in the country - the Congress and the British. Quaid-i-Azam thundered: No. there is a third party as well, namely the Muslims. They are not going to be dictated by any body. They are not going to be camp followers of any party. They are a party by themselves.

THE BUSY BODY NEHRU

As President of the Congress Jawahar Lal Nehru issued an arrogant statement against the Muslims, the Muslim League and Quaid-i-Azam. In reply to the statement, Quaid-i-Azam said: What can I say to the busy-body President? He seems to carry the responsibility of the whole world on his shoulders, and must poke his nose in everything, except minding his own business.

QUAID-I-AZAM AND JOURNALISTS

Once Quaid-i-Azam was asked why he denied the journalists the courtesy of a cup of tea or a cigarette. He said That is because of my great respect of journalists and their profession. I do not want to compromise their integrity by offering hospitality.

GAME OF POLITICS
One day a friend of Quaid-i-Azam invited him to play golf. Quaid-i-Azam said: Where do I get time from the game of politics that I should indulge in the game of golf. You have tees and holes in golf; the game of politics has pitfalls and I have to watch every step because the goal is vital.

ONE PARTY STATE

A journalist asked Quaid-i-Azam in 1945 whether Pakistan would be a one-party state. Quaid-i-Azam answered the question in the negative and said: I would oppose one party rule because an opposition party or parties are good correctives for any party which is in power.

QUAID-I-AZAM --- THE EMPEROR

On the 25th of December 1945, in the city of Bombay a huge portrait of Quaid-i-Azam dressed in royal robes was displayed. The portrait bore the caption Quaid-i-Azam --the Emperor of Pakistan. Quaid-i-Azam had the portrait removed forthwith and said You should not think of Pakistan in the terms of an empire. Pakistan cannot be anything but a democratic republic.

MEANING OF PAKSITAN
On the demand of Paksitan, Jawahar Lal Nehru raised the plea that he did not understand Pakistan. To this Quaid-iAzam retorted: If you do not understand it, then what is that you are opposing? Even children understand it, but here is this great leader, a great internationalist, who says he does not understand Pakistan. Pakistan means partition; Pakistan means division; it means you must take Hindu provinces of yours, and leave out Muslim provinces where we want to establish our government.

SUPREME SACRIFICE
Addressing the students of Islamia College, Peshawar in 1945, Quaid-i-Azam observed. Now I am to the Congress, King Charles head, and am on their list as criminal number one. I shall face my trial if it ever comes. But believe me I shall never fail to do my duty to my people.

NO ORNAMENTAL PERSON CAN REPRESENT PEOPLE

In 1945 the Chief Commissioner of Baluchistan Col. Hay nominated a big Khan to the Indian Council of State. On this Quaid-i-Azam issued a rejoinder: Representation of Baluchistan in the Central Legislature has been nullified because the man recommended and nominated to the Council of State is almost illiterate and incompetent to understand parliamentary work. His only qualification is that he is a big Khan, but what we want is a representative of the people, and not an ornamental person.

KNOW THE RIGHT TIME TO MAKE SACRIFICES

While addressing at Peshawar in November 1945 Quaid-iAzam said that he did not believe in starting a movement for the sake of jail going. He would never allow a single drop of Muslim blood to be split in vain. He added: I shall never allow Muslims to become slaves of Hindus. Dont forget that your General knows when it is the right time to make sacrifices. When the time comes I shall not hesitate and shall not retrace a single step.

TOTAL COMMITMENT
In November 1945, Quaid-i-Azam said: Now the Congress put me in the list as enemy Number One. I feel honoured. But that cannot frighten me or deter me from doing my duty to my nation. Once I was offered premiership of a provisional government, and now I stand as enemy Number One. Neither of the two had any effect on me. Now they are convinced that they cannot cheat me. But one thing is clear. The Hindus do not want the Muslims to get freedom. The cup was near the lip and the criminal Number One dashed it. They are under coma and think they will get it. It is gone for ever, and will never come to them again.

NO CHANGE OF MASTERS
In Peshawar in 1945, Quaid-i-Azam said: We want to get rid of the British but we dont want the change of masters. Let three fourth of India belong to Hindus where they can rule as they wish and let Muslims have one fourth of India where they are in majority. Let us both be free.

CONGRESS LIVING IN THE DREAMLAND

On the eve of Independence Quaid-i-Azam said: If the Congress leadership lives in a dreamland and if they make attempts to cheat the Musalamaans and if these attempts have been frustrated, I am proud that it has been so. As long as the Congress lives in this dreamland, it would not make any progress in freedoms battle.

PANDIT NEHRU - THE PETER PAN

Quaid-i-Azam described Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru as the impetuous Pandit who never unlearns or learns anything and never grows old. He summed up his observations Pandit Nehru is nothing but Peter Pan.

ADVICE TO THE NATIONALIST MUSLIMS

Quaid-i-Azam advised the nationalist Muslims in the following terms: If the nationalist Muslims are honest Muslims, their place is not under the shelter of the enemy of the Muslim League. Let them join the national organization of Muslims and guide it. Let us not commit fratricide. If we find our brothers fighting honestly, then the Muslim League will be the first to correct itself. Therefore, convert us from within, if you can.

CLEAN POLITICS
In 1946, Mr. M.A.H. Isphani was the Muslim Leagues candidate for elections. The opposing candidate agreed to withdraw provided the security of Rs. 250 deposited by him was paid to him. Isphani wanted to accept the offer and pay the amount of Rs. 250, but Quaid-i-Azam did not like this and said that the offer should be rejected as it amounted to bribery. He said Go and tell him that Isphani will fight him to the last, irrespective of whether he succeeds or fails.

QUAID-I-AZAM QOUTED FIRDAUSI

In his speech at the Muslim League Council meeting held in July 1946, Quaid-i-Azam Explained how the Cabinet Mission had been intellectually paralyzed, and how their report to the parliament was not even honest to themselves, and was devoid not only of political ethics, but every manner of principle and morality. Then Quaid-i-Azam quoted Firdausi: If you seek peace, we do not want war; But if you want war, we will accept it unhesitatingly.

TAKING SHELTER BEHIND QUAID-I-AZAM

At a meeting of the Muslim league Council. Sir Firoz Khan Noon spoke in English. Most of the participants wanted him to speak in Urdu. Thereupon Mr. Noon said Quaid-iAzam also speaks in English; why do you deny me this privilege. Thereupon Quaidi-Azam said Sir Feroz Khan Noon has chosen to take shelter behind me. Let me declare in unequivocal terms that in Pakistan Urdu will be the state language.

TRUSTEE OF THE MUSLIMS

The Congress claimed that it represented the whole of India, and that it was the trustee for the people of India. While addressing the Muslim League Council meeting in July 1946 Quaid-i-Azam said: We have enough experience of one trustee that has been here for 150 years (namely the British). We do not want another trustee. We have now grown up. The only trustee of the Muslims is the Muslim nation.

GOVERNMENT AND PARTY OFFICE

In August 1947 when Pakistan was established and Quaidi-Azam became the Governor General, he ceased to be the president of the Muslim League. He held that he did not believe in combining government authority with party.

DONKEY IS NOT ELEPHANT

When the congress joined the Interim government in 1946, Mr. Nehru insisted that it should be referred to as the cabinet. Quaid-i-Azam held that it was merely the Viceroys Executive Council. When Quaid-i-Azams attention was drawn to the fact that the Viceroy himself had called it a cabinet. Quaid-i-Azam remarked: Yes, Pandit Nehru was very keen on this word cabinet. And the Viceroy saw no real objection if it pleased Pandit Nehru. Little things please little minds, and you cannot turn a donkey into an elephant by calling it an elephant.

QUAID-I-AZAM --- THE HONEST

In 1946 when there were disturbances in the country Quaidi-Azam, and Nehru issued an appeal for peace. The Sikhs were in a defiant mood, and prepared for war. Some of Quaids followers advised that the Muslims should also have a plan to encounter the Sikhs. Quaid-i-Azam said How can you expect me to approve such a scheme. I am not a hypocrite. I have just signed the peace appeal, and I expect the Muslims to observe the spirit of the appeal.

THE HONEST PACIFIST

When in 1946, Sardar Patel said the sword will be met by the sword. Quaid-i-Azam observed: Words do not break bones. All I can say is that he does not seem to realize that any one who encourages this sort of thing is the greatest enemy of every community.

GOVERNMENT OF THE PANDITS

A press reporter asked Quaid-i-Azam, whether there would be a government of the Mullas in Pakistan. Quaid-i-Azam smiled and said No, but what about the government of the Pandits in India?

ONCE I WAS IN THE PRIMARY SCHOOL AS WELL

Quaid-i-Azam held a press conference at which he explained the Muslim League stand and quoted facts and figures how the Congress had betrayed the trust of the Muslims. One of the correspondents said But at one time you were also in the Congress. Quaid-i-Azam said My dear friend, at one time I was in a primary school as well.

EATING LIGHT
Throughout his life Quaid-i-Azam had light meals. Quaid-iAzam would say People suffer because they eat much.

WHAT MUST BE, MUST BE

In June 1947, Lord Mountbatten, the Viceroy of India announced the partition plan. Lord Mountbatten insisted on the immediate acceptance of the plan. Quaid-i-Azam said that he was not competent to convey his acceptance on his own account, and that he had to consult his working committee. The Viceroy said that if such was his attitude the Congress would refuse acceptance, and the Muslim League would lose its Pakistan. Quaid-i-Azam shrugged his shoulders and said What must be, must be.

THE HAND OF AN EMPEROR

When in June 1947 the establishment of the dominion of Pakistan was decided, and Quaid-i-Azam was to be the head of the new State, Mr. Ahmad Ali Jinnah, the younger brother of Quaid-i-Azam wrote him a letter of congratulation in the course of which he said: You will recall that when you were young, one day you came home excited and told father that some palmist had seen your hand and held that it was the hand of an emperor and that you would found a state. This prophecy has now been fulfilled.

THROWING WATER ON DUCKS BACK

At a press conference held at New Delhi on 4th July 1947, Quaid-i-Azam answered certain questions which were put to him regarding the nature of the state of Pakistan. He was asked whether Pakistan would be a secular or theocratic state? He said, You are asking me a question that is absurd. I do not know what a theoretic state means? A correspondent suggested that a theocratic state meant a state whereunder people of a particular religion could be full citizens. To this Quaid-i-Azam replied: Then it seems to me that what I have already said is like throwing water on ducks back. When you talk of democracy, I am afraid you have not studied Islam. We learnt democracy thirteen centuries ago.

QUAID-I-AZAMS RESPECT FOR CORRECTNESS

Lord Mountbatten visited Karachi for the purpose of the inauguration of Pakistan. Lord Mountbatten stayed with Quaid-i-Azam in the Government House, and as such both the Union Jack and the Pakistan flag were hoisted side by side. After attending the inaugural ceremony, Lord Mountbatten left for Delhi. Some one suggested that as Lord Mountbatten had left for Delhi, the Union Jack might be hauled down. Quaid-i-Azam said: The correct time for hauling down flags is sunset; to do so before would be insult to the King, who has just made me Governor General, and who has signed the message that created Pakistan.

TOLERANCE IS OUR CREED

When Lord Mountbatten came to Karachi for the inaugural ceremony of Pakistan he remarked that he hoped that with reference to minorities, Pakistan would emulate the tolerance of Akbar. Quaid-i-Azam said why emulate Akbar? We will follow the footsteps of our Holy Prophet (PBUH) who thirteen hundred years ago, not only by words, but by deeds treated the Jews and Christians with the utmost tolerance, regard and respect for their faith and beliefs.

QUAID-I-AZAM ---- A FANATIC

Immediately before the partition, Mr. R.G. Casey was the Governor of Bengal. After independence Mr. Casey and his wife dined with Quaid-i-Azam at the Government House, Karachi. At the dinner Mrs. Casey decried the conduct of fanatics. Quaid-i-Azam smiled and said. Do not decry fanatics. If I had not been a fanatic there would never have been Pakistan.

THE SECRET OF SUCCESS

Referring to his own career Quaid-i-Azam said to Begum Shah Nawaz that many times people had tried to divert him from the road that he had chalked out for himself, but he had stuck to his guns and consistently refused to turn his attention into other channels, and in such refusal lay the secret of his success.

PRESS POWER
On the 25th December 1947 a dinner was hosted in honour of Quaid-i-Azam by Begum and Sheikh Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah. At the end of the function Begum Ghulam Hussain tied Imam Zamin on the arm of Quaid-i-Azam. Mr Altaf Hussain, Editor The Dawn stood close to Quaid-iAzam. Quaid-i-Azam was in a humourous mood and turning to Mr. Altaf Hussain said With the Imam Zamin on my arm, I will be able to face the Dawn as well.

VIABILITY OF PAKISTAN
When the demand for Paksitan was raised most of the critics said that Pakistan would not be economically viable. Quaid-i-Azam on his arrival in Karachi as Governor-General found that there were only twenty crore of rupees in the state treasury, and bill of Rs. 32 crore were outstanding. They had to start from scratch. In seven and a half months the position changed, and surplus budget was presented to the Assembly. He said that those who used to say that Pakistan could not be a viable state had better take note of that.

KEEPING HEADS UP
Quaid-i-Azam wanted the people to realize what revolutionary change had taken place because of the establishment of Pakistan. He exhorted the people Keep your heads up as citizens of a free and independent sovereign state. Praise your Government when it deserves; criticize your Government fearlessly when it is wrong, but the criticism should not be destructive; it should be honest and constructive.

SOUND MINDS IN SOUND BODIES

Quaid-iAzam as the first patron-in-chief of the Pakistan Olympic Association gave the following message to the youth: Build up physical strength not for aggression, not for militarism, but for becoming fighting fit, all your life and all the time in every walk of life of your nation wherever you be and always to be a force for peace, international amity and good will. Remember to win is nothing, it is the effort and the spirit behind the effort that counts.

ECONOMIC SYSTEM FOR PAKISTAN

Quaid-i-Azam in his inaugural address on the opening of the State Bank of Pakistan said: The economic system of the West has created almost insoluble problems for humanity and to many of us it appears that only a miracle can save it from disaster that is now facing the world. It has failed to do justice between man and man, and to eradicate friction from the international field. On the contrary, it was largely responsible for the two world wars in the last half century. The western world inspite of its advantages of mechanization and industrial efficiency is today in a worse mess than ever before in history. The adoption of western economic theory and practice will not help us in achieving our goal of creating a happy and contented people. We must work our destiny in our own way and present to the world an economic system based on true Islamic concepts of equality of man and social justice. We will thereby be fulfilling our mission as Muslims and giving to humanity the message of peace which alone can save it and secure the welfare, happiness and prosperity of mankind.

HE SAW DREAMS
Quaid-i-Azam spent the last days of his life at Ziarat. He had a vision that Ziarat could be developed into a beautiful hill station, with luxurious hotels, fine bungalows, parks, gardens and other amenities. Turning to one of his Secretaries he said I see dreams like that, and sometimes my dreams are realized. Pakistan was also a dream sometime and that dream has been fulfilled. Similarly I Hope my dream about Ziarat would also be fulfilled sometime.

MEN MAY COME AND MEN MAY GO, BUT PAKISTAN WOULD LIVE FOR EVER
Mr. M.A.H. Isphani has narrated that he met Quaid-i-Azam in July 1948 when he lay seriously ill at Ziarat. Mr. Isphani pleaded with Quaid-i-Azam that he should take complete rest, for his life was most precious. Quaid-i-Azam smiled and said: My boy, there was a time when soon after partition and until early 1948 when even I worried whether Pakistan would survive the many unexpected and terrible shocks which India had administered soon after we parted company with her. but we pulled through and nothing will ever worry us so much again. I have no fear now. Men may come and men may go, but Pakistan is truly and firmly established and will go on, with Allahs grace for ever.

ALLAH, PAKISTAN
Col. Ilahi Baksh has stated that at 10:10 P.M. on the 11th September 1948 he gave an injection to Quaid-i-Azam. Quaid-i-Azam opened his eyes. Col. Ilahi Baksh said to Quaid-i-Azam Sir, we have given you injection. You will Inshallah live. Quaid-i-Azam turned his head and said No. Not now. At 10:25 P.M., hardly fifteen minutes later Quaid-i-Azam was no more. Dr. Riaz Ali shah has stated that the last words that Quaid-i-Azam uttered were Allah, Pakistan.

QUAID-I-AZAM --- THE MUJADID

In January 1959 at a meeting held in the memory of Quaid-i-Azam in London, Sir Olaf Caroe, at one time Governor of N.W.F.P. summed up the character and historic role of the Quaid-i-Azam in the following terms: Jinnah was much more than a politician. Perhaps that is why politicians do not all speak well of him. In Muslim terms he was almost a Mujaddid, one of those performers sent once in a century, as the pious believe, to reinterpret the faith and guide the believer on the true path. That outwardly he looked a little like an Englishman may be to us here not a derogation but a challenge. The chief impression that remains is one of integrity and singleness of purpose. An undoubted outward pride of demeanour was in reality the expression of a sort of inner uprightness that would not suffer the second-rate or compromise with subtlety or devious tactics in any shape or form. It was the undeviating pursuit of what was to him the right and not merely the political end that led to Jinnahs remarkable success.