Just to Recollect our Basics, Clear our Doubts if any & Build our Confidence (In Electrical Engineering.

)
Write answers in the space below questions, you can attach extra sheets but only if inevitable as supplements are not creditable (here).
Q1 A1

What is (an electric) Circuit? (Say in words , diagram not expected here)
Circuit is a combination of more than one electrical elements suitably connected to each other. At least one of them is (usually) an active element & the rest are passive elements. Some (useful)purpose is indented while making this combination. Therefore some criterion is used while selecting the components(elements) as far as their type & their value. For the safety of each component & also for the safety of operating personnel & others Ratings of every component selected must be considered. Rating is basically capacity to sustain safely & it is Current rating & Voltage rating. Circuit usually has some components which are neither active nor passive ,they may be called controlling/protecting elements. Circuit in normal condition when switched on carries less than rated current of the weakest element . Circuit ( or part of the circuit) in abnormal condition when carries very large current , it is called Short Circuit. If Circuit ( or part of the circuit) even after switching on carries Zero Current it is called Open Circuit.

Q2 A2 i iii v vii Q3 A3

Name basic electrical components & give their symbolic sketches

Resistor ( Resistance) Capacitor ( Capacitance) Switch (Key) Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB) ii iv vi viii Inductor ( Inductance) Cell / Battery or Generator Fuse Transformer

What is an Active Element ? Choose example from Q 2 above Elements which supply Electrical Power (Energy) are called Active Elements e.g. Cell / Battery or Generator

Q4 A4

What is a passive Element ? Choose example from Q 2 above Elements which consume Electrical Power (Energy) are called Passive Elements e.g. Resistor, Inductor , capacitor etc.

Q5 A5 Q6 A6

Switch /MCB & Fuse are called controlling/protecting elements. Ohms Law is correctly stated by Formula (a)V=IR (b) R= I/V (c) I=V/R (d) R=V/I (e)I=VR (a)V=IR (c) I=V/R (d) R=V/I

Q7 A7

Q8 A8

Q9 A9

Say precisely What the Symbols V, I & R stand for in Q 5 above R stands for Resistance in Ohms of a component V stands for Potential Difference in Volts across the same component referred above I stands for Current in Amperes through the same component referred above State Ohms Law Current through a conductor is directly proportional to the Potential Difference (Voltage ) applied across it provided the physical conditions of the conductor such as its shape & temperature remain constant. The ratio of voltage applied & the resulting current (in Amps) is constant & is called the Resistance (in Ohms). The graph between Voltage (on Y axis) & Corresponding Current (on X axis) is a straight Line passing through Zero . The slope of the line V/I =R What is a Linear & a Non- Linear (electrical) Element? Components whose parameters do not change with current through them or voltage across them are called Linear elements e.g. A Rheostat made of wire of very low resistance temperature co-efficient & whose temperature is kept constant can be taken for all practical purposes a linear resistance. In case of Inductors & Capacitors similar conditions apply Incandescent Bulb is a nonlinear resistance because with increase in voltage across it the filament temperature greatly varies & so its resistance greatly varies. What is a Bi-lateral & an Uni-lateral (electrical) Element? Give an example of each. When the component behaves same for either direction of current flowing through it ( or for either polarity of applied voltage across it )it is called Bilateral Element . e.g. Bulb, Rheostat . When the component behaves differently for two directions of current flowing through it ( or for polarity of applied voltage across it )it is called Unilateral Element . e.g. Diode

Q10 2

If 4 resistances R1 , R2 ,R3 & R4 are connected in series , the equivalent Resistance RS = ?

A10 Q11 A11

RS = R1 +R2 +R3 + R4 If 2 resistances R1 , R2 are connected in parallel , the equivalent Resistance RP = ? 1/RP = 1/R1 +1/ R2 or RP = R1 R2 / (R1 + R2 )

Q12 A12 Q13 A13 Q14 A14

If 3 resistances R1 , R2 & R3 are connected in parallel , the equivalent Resistance RP = ? RP = R1 R2 R3 /(R1 R2 + R2 R3 +R3 R1 ) We have many resistors of 10 ohms each. If 20 of them are once in series & once in Parallel The equivalent resistances RS = ? & RP = ? ( Just answer orally ) RP = 0.5 ohms R S = 200 Ohms. We have many resistors of 10 ohms each. Can you obtain 62.5 Ohms & 0.01 Ohms? How? Yes. For 62.5 connect 6 resistors in series & add in series a parallel combination of 4 resistors. For 0.01 Ohms connect 1000 resistors in parallel. Resistances of 4,10 ,15 & 29 Ohms are connected in series across a source of 30 Volts & an internal resistance of 2 Ohms. What is voltage across 10 Ohms resistor? (Orally?) Current is 30/60= 0.5 amps & so voltage across 10 Ohms = 10x0.5= 5 Volts. If 2 resistances R1 =10 ohms & R2,,= 20 Ohms are connected in parallel across a source which is supplying 24 Amps. Then I 1 = ?, I2,, = ? (Orally?) In parallel circuit total current will be divided in two parts branch currents are inversely proportional to branch resistance . Then I 1 = 16 Amps , I2,, = 8 Amps. Resistors of 1, 5, 25, 41, 32 & 7 Ohms are connected in series. R S > (Orally write one value) RS > 41 ( greater than the greatest component in the series) Resistors of 25, 5, 1, 41, 7 & 32 Ohms are connected in Parallel. R P < (Orally write one value) RP < 1 (smaller than the smallest component in the parallel combination ) Find the Current in R1 & Voltage below. across R2 in the Circuits given

Q15 A15 Q16 A16 Q17 A17 Q18 A18 Q19& Q20

A19 & A20

Question Paper designed by : SSCET,Bhadrawati

Prof. Suresh P. Khedkar (Date 30/01/2013) for