ECE 7060 Power System Protection

Assignment 4

Distance Protection
Due Date: 10 Dec. 2010 (No extensions)
1) Distance Relay Simulation You will use the provided PSCAD case file named Distance_Relay_Asg for this part of the assignment. This case simulates a simple 230 kV, 60Hz transmission system. Networks at the sending and receiving ends are represented by their Thevenins equivalent sources. The line is protected by a distance relays and we are going to investigate the relay associated with Breaker-BRK1. The distance relay is to be simulated in a separate page module named distance relay and the required current and voltage signals (obtained via CTs and CVTs) fed into the page module. The module output, Trip signal, is used to control the circuit breaker. For simplicity, other breakers and the relays are not shown. a) Complete the implementation of the Zone-1 and Zone-2 phase and earth fault modules of the distance relay in the page module. You may use PSCAD FFT module (available in both 3-phase and single phase forms) with built-in sampling (16 samples/cycle) and anti-aliasing filters to obtain fundamental components of the required currents and voltages. You can also make use PSCAD Lineto-Line and Line-to-Ground Impedance Measurement elements and Impedance Zone elements as required. b) Carefully observe the simulation case in main page. Note that the transmission line is simulated in two sections to facilitate the simulation of a fault on the transmission line. The location of the fault can be changed by adjusting the lengths of the transmission lines while keeping the total length equal to 200 km. Adjust the section named Tline1 to be 200km and Tline2 to be 0 km. Double click on Tline1 to open the transmission line configuration dialog box and then press the edit button to open the T-line editor. Solve for the line constants by right clicking on the editor window and selecting solve constants. Then select the output tag at the bottom to see the line constants (refresh if required) and find out the line +ve and 0 sequence resistance/reactance values of the line. Convert them to ohm values using the Base quantities specified. Using the sequence resistance/reactance values obtained and taking into consideration of CT and VT ratios, set the parameters of the Impedance Measurement and Impedance Zone elements (use mho characteristics with 10% offset with relay angle of 75o). c). Apply a phase-phase to fault on phases A and B (with a 0.1 fault resistance) at distance of 125 km from Breaker-BRK1. First select the manual breaker control and keep the breaker closed during the fault. Check whether the R and X values are correctly estimated by phase A-B impedance element. Also observe the evolution of the impedance point after the fault by plotting R and X on an X-Y plot. Turn the breaker to Auto mode and observe whether the breaker operates correctly for the fault. Which unit (phase or ground, zone-1 or zone-2) causes the trip? Repeat the process with Phase-A to ground fault. With the Phase A-B fault, change the fault impedance to 25, 50 and 100 and observe the relay operation in each case. Comment on the observations. Investigate the effect of dc offset by changing the time of applying the fault. d) Investigate the relay operation for a fault at 180 km from the breaker BRK1.

Dr. Athula Rajapakse

2) Distance Relay Setting

B1 230 kV z=11.584o B2 230 kV z=1283o z=2782
o

B3 230 kV B4 230 kV

21

z=2882o B5 230 kV

z=2584o B6 115 kV

230/115 kV z=1389o

Fig. 1
B1 0.9-87 kA
o

B2

B3 2.5-87 kA
o

0.9-87o kA

0.4-89o kA

B4

21

1.6-85o kA B5

1.28-85o kA B6

1.28-88o kA

Fig. 2
Determine the reach settings in secondary ohms for Zone-1, Zone-2, and Zone-3 of the distance relay installed at Bus-1 on the second line going to Bus-2. Assume mho characteristics with 75o relay setting angle, with 10% offset for Zone-3. When calculating the infeed constants, consider only the intermediate infeeds associated with Bus -2. Use the short circuit values for a fault on Bus-2, given in Fig.2. Express the result in secondary ohms given that the CT ratio = 800/5 and the VT ratio=2000/1. Also check for the proximity to maximum load given that maximum load (per circuit) on the line from Bus-1 to Bus-2 is 42 MVA with a power factor angle of 30o. Hint: For this system, it is recommended not to consider the parallel line when selecting the next shortest line for setting Zone-2.

Dr. Athula Rajapakse