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ABANDON

Vocabulary Item : Abandon (v)

Synonym : Give up (v) , leave (v), desert (v), forsake (v)
Antonym : Keep, retain, continue, uphold, maintain.
Turkish Definition : Terketmek, bırakmak, vazgeçmek.
Example sentence 1) : She had abandoned painting.
Translation : Resim yapmayı bıraktı.
Example sentence 2) : The party abandoned some of its policies.
Translation : Parti bazı ilkelerinden vazgeçti.
Part of speech : Abandonment (n) abandoned (adj)

ABATE

Vocabulary Item : Abate (v)

Synonym : Diminish, decrease, reduce, lessen, lower
Antonym : Intensify, increase, extend, enhance
Turkish Definition : Azalmak, dinmek.
Example sentence 1) : The storm had abated.
Translation : Fırtına dindi.
Example sentence 2) : Nothing can abate his energy.
Translation : Hiçbir şey onun enerjisini azaltamaz.
Part of speech : Abatement (n)

ABDUCT

Vocabulary Item : Abduct (v)

Synonym : kidnap, seize, drag away
Antonym : Restore, reinstate.
Turkish Definition : Kaçırmak.
Example sentence : They abducted the little innocent girl.
Translation : Onlar küçük, masum kızı kaçırdılar.
Part of speech : Abduction (n), abductor (n)

ABHOR

Vocabulary Item : Abhor (v)

Synonym : Hate, detest, disgust, loathe, dislike.
Antonym : Like, enjoy, keen, desire, admire.
Turkish Definition : Nefret etmek.
Example sentence : He abhors living that small cottage.
Translation : O küçük kulübede yaşamaktan nefret ediyor.
Part of speech : Abhorrer (n), abhorrence (n), abhorrent (adj)

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ABIDE BY

Vocabulary Item : Abide by (v)

Synonym : Obey, comply with, accept, keep, conform to, stick to
Antonym : Reject, refuse, disobey, break
Turkish Definition : Uymak, kabul etmek, bağlı kalmak.
Example sentence : You had better abide by the rules.
Translation : Kurallara uysan iyi edersin.
Part of speech : Abiding (adj), abidingly (adv)

ABILITY

Vocabulary Item : Ability (n)

Synonym : Skill, talent, gift, knack, capability, competence.
Antonym : Inability, incompetence.
Turkish Definition : Yetenek, kabiliyet.
Example sentence : She has the ability to play the guitar.
Translation : O gitar çalabiliyor, çalabilme yeteneğine sahip.
Part of speech : Able (v)

ABOLISH

Vocabulary Item : Abolish (v)

Synonym : Put end, eradicate, annul, destroy.
Antonym : Maimtain, keep, confirm, promote.
Turkish Definition : Ortadan kaldırmak, son vermek.
Example sentence : The new government abolished unnecassary regulations.
Translation : Yeni hükümet gereksiz düzenlemeleri kaldırdı.
Part of speech : Abolishable (adj), abolisher (n), abolishment (n)

ABOUND

Vocabulary Item : Abound (v)

Synonym : Be plentiful, be rich; team, multiply, flourish.
Antonym : Lessen, decrease, die, decay, fall.
Turkish Definition : Bol, dolu, çok olmak.
Example sentence : Venice abounds in famous hotels.
Translation : Venedik ünlü otellerle doludur.
Part of speech : Abundant (adj).

ABRUPT

Vocabulary Item : Abrupt (adj)

Synonym : Sudden, unexpected, hasty.
Antonym : Foreseen, expected.
Turkish Definition : Ani, beklenmeyen.
Example sentence : His abrupt reaction surprised us all.
Translation : Onun ani tepkisi hepimizi şaşırttı.
Part of speech : Abruptly (adv). abruptness (n).

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ABSOLUTE

Vocabulary Item : Absolute (adj)

Synonym : Certain,definite, utter.
Antonym : Partial, qualified, limited, conditional.
Turkish Definition : Kesin, mutlak, otoriter.
Example sentence : A patient needs absolute confidence and trust in a doctor.
Translation : Bir hasta doktorda mutlak (kesin) güvene ihtiyaç duyar.
Part of speech : Absoluteness (n) absolutization or absolutisation (n)
absolutize or absolutise (v), absolutely (adv)

ABSORB

Vocabulary Item : Absorb (v)

Synonym : Take in, suck up (liquid, knowledge), soak up, use up (time).
Antonym : Send out, throw off, emit, disperse.
Turkish Definition : Emmek, içine çekmek.
Example sentence : Plants absorb carbon dioxide.
Translation : Bitkiler karbondioksidi emerler.
Part of speech : absorbability (n), absorbable (adj) , absorbing (adj).
,absorbedly (adv), absorber (n) absorbingly (adv)

ABSTAIN FROM

Vocabulary Item : Abstain from (v).

Synonym : Refrain from, restrain from , avoid.
Antonym : Indulge, yield to, gratify.
Turkish Definition : Çekimser kalmak, uzak durmak.
Example sentence 1) :The doctor advised him that he abstain from cakes and sweets.
Translation : Doktor şeker ve pastalardan uzak durmasını tavsiye etti.
Example sentence 2) :The president abstained from mentioning the issue.
Translation : Başkan meseleden bahsetmekten kaçındı.
Part of speech : abstainer (n)

ABSURD

Vocabulary Item : Absurd (adj)

Synonym : Highly unreasonable, illogical, ridiculous, ludicrous.
Antonym : Reasonable, logical, sensible, rational.
Turkish Definition : Saçma.
Example sentence : The belief that the earth is flat is absurd.
Translation : Dünyanın düz olduğu inancı saçmadır.
Part of speech : Absurdity (n), absurdness (n). absurdly (adv)

ABUNDANT

Vocabulary Item : Abundant (adj)

Synonym : Plentiful, in large quantities, abounding, teeming, replete.
Antonym : Scarce, insufficient, bare, impoverished.
Turkish Definition : Bol, bereketli.

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Example sentence : Cheap consumer goods are abundant in this area.
Translation : Bu bölgede ucuz tüketici malları boldur.
Part of speech : Abundantly (adv). abundance (n)

ABUSE

Vocabulary Item : Abuse (v)

Synonym : Misuse, harm, maltreat, exploit, malign, damage.
Antonym : Protect, cherish, shield, care for, look after.
Turkish Definition : Kötüye kullanma, suistimal etme, zarar verme.
Example sentence : She is continually abusing her authority.
Translation : Yetkisini sürekli kötüye kullanıyor.
Part of speech : Abuser n.

ACCEDE

Vocabulary Item : Accede (v)

Synonym : Assent or agree to, accept, comply, approve.
Antonym : Decline, oppose, refuse, reject, dissent.
Turkish Definition : Kabul etmek, onaylamak, razı olmak.
Example sentence : He acceded to our offer.
Translation : Teklifimizi kabul etti.

ACCELERATE

Vocabulary Item : Accelerate (v)

Synonym : Increase in rate, amount, extent speed up, go faster
Antonym : Delay, impede, hinder, drag, obstruct.
Turkish Definition : Hızlanmak, hızlandırmak.
Example sentence : The government is to accelerate its privatisation programme.
Translation : Hükümetin özelleştirme programını hızlandırması lazım.
Part of speech : Acceleration (n). accelerator (n). accelerative (adj)

ACCEPT

Vocabulary Item : Accept (v)

Synonym : Consent to receive, assent, comply, approve.
Antonym : Reject, refuse, turn down.
Turkish Definition : Kabul etmek.
Example sentence : I offered her an apology, yet she wouldn't accept it.
Translation : Ondan özürdiledim ancak kabul etmedi.
Part of speech : Acceptance (n),acceptant (adj).
: acceptor (also accepter) (n)

ACCESSIBLE

Vocabulary Item : Accessible (adj)

Synonym : Reachable, approachable, adequate, satisfactory.
Antonym : Unreachable, far, unavaliable, unaccessible.
Turkish Definition : Ulaşılabilir, erişilebilir.
Example sentence 1) : The president is always accessible to those seeking help.
Translation : Başkan yardım arayışında olanlara her zaman açıktır.
Example sentence 2) : The problem is that drugs are very accessible
Translation : Problem şu ki uyuşturuculara kolayca ulaşılabiliyor.

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Part of speech :Accept(v)accessibility(n).acceptance(n)accessibly(adv)

ACCLAIM

Vocabulary Item : Acclaim (v)

Synonym : Praise, extol, commend, congratulate.
Antonym : Criticize, denounce, condemn.
Turkish Definition : Övmek.
Example sentence : Though it was acclaimed, the novel did not sell well.
Translation : Övülmesine rağmen kitap iyi satmadı.
Part of speech : Acclamation n.

ACCOMPANY

Vocabulary Item : Accompany (v)

Synonym : Go with; escort, attend, follow.
Antonym : Abandon, leave, quit, desert.
Turkish Definition : Eşlik etmek.
Example sentence 1) : Would you like me to accompany you?
Translation : Size eşlik etmemi ister misiniz?
Example sentence 2) : Depression is always accompanied by insomnia.
Translation : Depresyon her zaman uykusuzluğu beraberinde getirir.
Part of speech : accomplice (n) accompanying (adj)

ACCOMPLISH

Vocabulary Item : Accomplish (v)

Synonym : Achieve, perform, complete, succeed in doing.
Antonym : Fail.
Turkish Definition : Başarmak.
Example sentence : He accomplished the mission in less than five minutes.
Translation : Beş dakikadan önce görevini yaptı (başarılı şekilde yerine
getirdi).
Part of speech : Accomplished (adj) accomplishment (n)

ACCORDINGLY

Vocabulary Item : Accordingly (adv)

Synonym : Appropriately, consequently, therefore, hence.
Antonym : Inconsistently, conversely.
Turkish Definition : Uygun şekilde, bu nedenle, -e bağlı olarak.
Example sentence : She's an expert in her field, and iswell- paid accordingly.
Translation : İşinde uzman, buna bağlı olarak da iyi maaş alıyor.
Part of speech : Accord (n), accord (v)

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ACCOUNT FOR

Vocabulary Item : Account for (v)

Synonym : Be responsible for, explain, form.
Antonym : Irresponsible for, not explain.
Turkish Definition : Oluşturmak, hesap vermek, sorumlu olmak.
Example sentence 1) : The accountant has been able to account for every penny of
expense.
Translation : Muhasebeci giderin her kuruşunun hesabını verdi.
Example sentence 2) : Women account for the vast majority of our customers.
Translation : Müşterilerimizin çoğunluğunu bayanlar oluşturmaktadır.
Part of speech : Accountable adj

ACCUMULATE

Vocabulary Item : Accumulate (v)

Synonym : Gather, collect, pile, store.
Antonym : Seperate, disperse, dissipate, scatter, waste.
Turkish Definition : Birikmek, biriktirmek.
Example sentence 1) : A thick layer of dust has accumulated in the room.
Translation : Odada kalın bir toz tabakası birikti.
Example sentence 2) : Overnight, the snow accumulated too much.
Translation : Gece boyunca çok fazla kar birikti.
Part of speech : accumulation (n), accumulative (adj), accumulatively (adv).

ACCURATE

Vocabulary Item : Accurate (adj)

Synonym : Correct, careful, precise; lacking errors, exact.
Antonym : Incorrect, wrong, vague, inexact, imprecise.
Turkish Definition : Doğru, tam.
Example sentence : She gave an accurate description of the thieves.
Translation :Hırsızların doğru tasvirini yaptı.
Part of speech : Accuracy (n), accurately (adv).

ACCUSE

Vocabulary Item : Accuse (v)

Synonym : Blame, charge, indict, reproach.
Antonym : Discharge, defend, release.
Turkish Definition : Suçlamak.
Example sentence : Are you accusing me of lying?
Translation : Beni yalan söylemekle mi suçluyorsun?
Part of speech : Accused (adj) , accuser (n), accusation (n), accusingly (adv)

ACCUSTOMED TO

Vocabulary Item : Accustomed to (v)

Synonym : Be used to, addicted to.
Antonym : Be unfamiliar to, feel strange, odd.
Turkish Definition : Alışkın.

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Example sentence : The army accustomed him to discipline.
Translation : Askerlik onu disipline alıştırdı.
Part of speech : Accustom (v)

ACHIEVE

Vocabulary Item : Achieve (v)

Synonym : Succeed, accomplish, attain, acquire, gain, earn.
Antonym : Fail, neglect, spoil, lose.
Turkish Definition : Başarmak, üstesinden gelmek.
Example sentence : I've been working all day, but I feel as if I've achieved nothing.
Translation : Tüm gün çalıştım ancak hiçbirşey yapmamışım gibi
hissediyorum.
Part of speech : Achievable (adj) achiever (n), achievement (n).

ACKNOWLEDGE

Vocabulary Item : Acknowledge (v),

Synonym : Recognize, accept, admit, confess.
Antonym : Disclaim, deny, ignore, repudiate.
Turkish Definition : Kabul etmek, itiraf etmek.
Example sentence : They refused to acknowledge the new government.
Translation : Yeni hükümetin varlığını kabul etmeyi reddettiler.
Part of speech : Acknowledgeable (adj), acknowledgment (n)

ACQUIRE

Vocabulary Item : Acquire (v)

Synonym : Gain, obtain, earn, win, attain, achieve, get.
Antonym : Lose, surrender, miss.
Turkish Definition : Elde etmek.
Example sentence : He began to acquire a reputation during the 16th century.
Translation : 16.yüzyılda ün kazanmaya başladı.
Part of speech : Acquirable (adj), acquirer (n). acquisition (n)

ACUTE

Vocabulary Item : Acute (adj)

Synonym : Penetrating, critical, serious, sharp, intense, severely.
Antonym : Dull, heavy.
Turkish Definition : Keskin, ciddi, şiddetli.
Example sentence : The two roads meet at an acute angle.
Translation : İki yol keskin bir noktada birleşiyor.
Part of speech : Acutely (adv), acuteness (n).

ADAMANT

Vocabulary Item : Adamant (adj)

Synonym : Resolute, obstinate, unyielding.
Antonym : Yielding, easy-going.
Turkish Definition : Kararlı, vazgeçmeyen, inatçı.
Example sentence : The prime minister is adamant that he will not resign.
Translation : Başbakan istifa etmemekte kararlı.

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Part of speech : Adamance (n) adamantine (adj) adamantly (adv)

ADDICTED

Vocabulary Item : Addicted (adj)

Synonym : Dependant, attached, inclined, devoted.
Antonym : Averse, unaccustomed, indisposed.
Turkish Definition : Bağımlı, kendini kaptıran.
Example sentence 1) : I know that if I start watching a soap opera I immediately
become addicted.
Translation : Biliyorum ki eğer bir dizi izlemeye başlarsam hemen kendimi
kaptırıcam.
Example sentence 2) : He is a chocolate/shopping addict.
Translation : O bir çikolata bağımlısı.
Part of speech : Addict (n), addiction (n), addictive (adj)

ADEQUATE

Vocabulary Item : Adequate (adj)

Synonym : Competent, sufficient, capable, satisfactory, enough.
Antonym : Inferior, useless, incompetent, useless, insufficient.
Turkish Definition : Yeterli.
Example sentence 1) : I didn't have adequate time to prepare.
Translation : Hazırlanmak ıcın yeterı kadar vaktim olmadı.
Example sentence 2) : Is there any language adequate to describe my feelings?
Translation : Duygularımı ifade etmeye yetecek herhangi bir dil var mı?
Part of speech :Adequately (adv), adequacy (n)

ADHERE TO

Vocabulary Item : Adhere to (v)

Synonym : Stick to, be attached, comply with.
Antonym : Distant, remote, detached, violate.
Turkish Definition : Yapışık, bağlı.
Example sentence : She adhered to her principles throughout her life.
Translation : Hayatı boyunca prensiplerine bağlı kalmıştır.
Part of speech : Adherent (adj), adherence (n), adhesive (adj) adhesively (adv)

ADJOURN

Vocabulary Item : Adjourn (v) / (n)

Synonym : Postpone, delay, defer, suspend, interrupt.
Antonym : Complete, terminate.
Turkish Definition : Ertelemek, ara vermek.
Example sentence : The meeting was adjourned until Tuesday.
Translation : Toplantı salıya kadar ertelendi.
Part of speech : Adjournment (n)

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ADJUST

Vocabulary Item : Adjust (v)

Synonym : Set, regulate, mend, repair, fix, arrange, adapt.
Antonym : Disturb, confuse, break down.
Turkish Definition : Ayarlamak, düzenlemek, kurmak, tamir etmek.
Example sentence 1) : If the chair is too high you can adjust it to suit you.
Translation : Eğer sandalye çok yüksekse kendine göre ayarlayabilirsin.
Example sentence 2) : As a teacher you have to adjust your methods to suit the needs
of slower children learners.
Translation : Bir öğretmen olarak metodlarını yavaş öğrenen öğrencilerin
ihtiyaçlarına göre düzenlemelisin.
Part of speech : Adjustment (n), adjustable (adj), adjustability (n), adjuster (n),
adjustment (n)

ADMIT

Vocabulary Item : Admit (v)

Synonym : Receive, accept, acknowlwedge, approve, confess.
Antonym : Exclude, deny, reject, refuse.
Turkish Definition : Kabul etmek, itiraf etmek.
Example sentence 1) : She admitted (that) she had made a mistake.
Translation : Hata yaptığını kabul etti.
Example sentence 2) : At first he denied stealing the money but he later admitted (to)
it.
Translation : ilk başta parayı çaldığını inkar etti ancak sonradan itiraf etti.
Part of speech :Admission (n), admittedly (adv)

ADMONISH

Vocabulary Item : Admonish (v)

Synonym : Scold, reprimand, rebuke.
Antonym : Appreciate, adore, admire.
Turkish Definition : Azarlamak.
Example sentence 1) : His mother admonished him for eating too quickly.
Translation : Çok hızlı yediği için annesi onu azarladı.
Example sentence 2) : Her teacher admonished her to work harder for her exams.
Translation : Hocası sınavları için daha çok çalışaması için onu azarladı.
Part of speech : Admonishment (n), admonition (n), admonitory (adj)

ADOPT

Vocabulary Item : Adopt (v)

Synonym : Assume, approve, accept, foster, support
Antonym : Reject, deny, abandon,
Turkish Definition : Benimsemek, kabul etmek, evlat edinmek
Example sentence 1) : They've adopted a baby girl.
Translation : Küçük bir kız çoçuğu evlat edindiler.
Example sentence 2) : I think it's time to adopt a different strategy
Translation :Sanırım farklı bir strateji izlemenin (benimsemenin) zamanı
geldi.
Part of speech : Adoption (n

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ADVANCE

Vocabulary Item : Advance (v)

Synonym : Proceed, progress, promote, improve, rise, increase.
Antonym : Regress, decrease, recession.
Turkish Definition : İlerlemek, gelişim göstermek.
Example sentence 1) : The troops advanced on the city.
Translation : Birlikler şehire doğru ilerlediler.
Example sentence 2) : He's doing his best to advance his own career.
Translation : Kariyerini geliştirmek için elinden geleni yapıyor.
Part of speech : Advancement (n), advance (n)

ADVERSE

Vocabulary Item : Adverse (adj)

Synonym : Harmful, unfavorable, opposite, contrary.
Antonym : Favorable, fortunate, lucky.
Turkish Definition : Negatif, ters, kötü, olumsuz.
Example sentence 1) : The match has been cancelled due to adverse weather
conditions.
Translation : Kötü hava koşulları nedeniyle maç ertelendi.
Example sentence 2) : So far the drug is thought not to have any adverse effects.
Translation :Şu ana kadar ilacın olumsuz bir etkisi olduğu düşünülmüyor.
Part of speech :Adversity (n)

ADVOCATE

Vocabulary Item : Advocate (v)

Synonym : Support, suggest, counsel, recommend, back up.
Antonym : Accuse, blame, charge.
Turkish Definition : Savunmak, destek olmak.
Example sentence : Mr.Williams is a conservative who advocates fewer government
control on business.
Translation : Mr.Williams hükümetin iş üzerinde daha az kontrolü olması
gerektiğini savunan bir muhafazakardır.
Part of speech : Advocate (n).

AFFECT

Vocabulary Item : Affect (v)

Synonym : Influence, change, transform, modify, alter, impress,
Turkish Definition : Etkilemek.
Example sentence : Both buildings were badly affected by the fire.
Translation : Her iki bina da yangından kötü etkilendi.
Part of speech : Effect (n)

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AFFILIATE

Vocabulary Item : Affiliate (with) (v)

Synonym : Associate, connect, incorporate.
Antonym : Seperate, dissociate.
Turkish Definition : Bağlamak, ilişkilendirmek, ilişki içinde olmak.
Example sentence : The school is affiliated with a national association.
Translation : Okul ulusal bir kuruluş ile bağlantı içinde.
Part of speech : Affiliation (n). affinity (n).

AFFLUENT

Vocabulary Item : Affluent (adj)

Synonym : Rich, wealthy, prosperous, well-off.
Antonym : Poor, unwealthy, recessed.
Turkish Definition : Zengin, gelişmiş.
Example sentence : Affluent nations always have the power.
Translation : Zengin ülkeler her zaman gücü elinde tutar..
Part of speech : Affluence (n)

AGGRAVATE

Vocabulary Item : Aggravate (v)

Synonym : Worsen, intensify, provoke, deteriorate.
Antonym : Diminish, lessen, flourish.
Turkish Definition : Kötüleştirmek, şiddetlendirmek.
Example sentence : The treatment only aggravated the condition.
Translation : Tedavi durumu daha kötü hale getirdi.
Part of speech : Aggravating (adj). aggravation (n)

AILMENT

Vocabulary Item : Ailment (n)

Synonym : Illness, desease, complaint.
Antonym : Health, peace.
Turkish Definition : Hastalık.
Example sentence : Nurses can treat minor ailments themselves.
Translation : Hemşireler önemsiz hastalıkları kendileri tedavi edebilirler.
Part of speech : Ailing (adj)

ALERT

Vocabulary Item : Alert (adj)

Synonym : Wary, watchful, cautious, attentive, ready.
Antonym : Slow, lazy, oblivious.
Turkish Definition : Dikkatli.
Example sentence : Parents should be alert to sudden changes in children's
behaviour.
Translation : Anne babalar çocukların davranışlarındaki ani değişikliklere
karşı tetikte (dikkatli) olmalılar.
Part of speech : Alert (v)

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ALIENATE

Vocabulary Item : Alienate (v)

Synonym : Seperate, estrange, disaffect
Antonym : Conciliate, bring together
Turkish Definition : Uzaklaştırmak, yabancılaştırmak
Example sentence 1) : The changes to the newspaper have alienated its readers
Translation : Gazetedeki değişiklikler okuyucularını soğuttu. (yabancılaştırdı)
Example sentence 2) : Disagreements can alienate children from their families.
Translation : Anlaşmazlıklar çocukları ailelerinden uzaklaştırabilir.
Part of speech : Alien (n), alienation (n).

ALLEGE

Vocabulary Item : Allege (v)

Synonym : Claim, assert, charge.
Antonym : Contradict, refute, deny, disprove.
Turkish Definition : Iddia etmek, suçlamak.
Example sentence : The men allege that the police forced them to make false
confessions.
Translation : Adamlar polislerin kendilerini yanlış ifade vermeye zorladığını
iddia ettiler.
Part of speech : Allegation (n)

ALLOCATE

Vocabulary Item : Allocate (v)

Synonym : Assign, allot, set apart, divide.
Antonym : Withold, retain.
Turkish Definition : Ayırmak, tahsis etmek.
Example sentence : The government is allocating 10 million dollars for health
education.
Translation : Hükümet sağlık eğitimi için 10 milyon dolar ayıracak.
Part of speech : Allocation (n)

ALLOW

Vocabulary Item : Allow (v)

Synonym : Let, permit, authorize.
Antonym : Forbid, prohibit, disapprove.
Turkish Definition : Izin vermek, müsade etmek.
Example sentence 1) : Red Cross staff were allowed access to the prison for the first
time a few days ago.
Translation : Kızılay personelinin hapishaneye girmelerine ilk defa birkaç gün
önce izin verildi.
Part of speech : Allowance (n).

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ALLURE

Vocabulary Item : Allure (v)

Synonym : Attract, entice, seduce, charm.
Antonym : Repel, dissuade, push away.
Turkish Definition : Etkilemek, çekmek.
Example sentence : This game allures most of the children.
Translation : Bu oyun birçok çocuğun ilgisini çekiyor.
Part of speech : Alluring (adj).

ALTER

Vocabulary Item : Alter (v)

Synonym : Change, modify, shift, convert.
Antonym : Conserve, preserve, keep.
Turkish Definition : Değiştirmek.
Example sentence : We've had to alter some of our plans.
Translation : Bazı planlarımızı değiştirmek zorunda kaldık.
Part of speech : Alteration (n)

ALTITUDE

Vocabulary Item : Altitude(n)

Synonym : Height, elevation, ascent.
Antonym : Depth.
Turkish Definition : Yükseklik.
Example sentence : We are currently flying at an altitude of 15 000 metres.
Translation : Şu anda 15 000 metre yükseklikte uçuyoruz.

AMASS

Vocabulary Item : Amass (v)

Synonym : Accumulate, gather up, heap up.
Antonym : Disperse, scatter, waste, dissipate.
Turkish Definition : Biriktirmek, toplamak.
Example sentence : She has amassed a huge fortune through her novels.
Translation : Romanları sayesinde büyük servet yaptı ( biriktirdi)
Part of speech : Amasser (n).

AMBIGUOUS

Vocabulary Item : Ambiguous (adj)

Synonym : Doubtful, dubious, enclear, uncertain, indefinite, vague,
obscure.
Antonym : Obvious, plain, clear, lucid.
Turkish Definition : Belirsiz, kararsız.
Example sentence : The government has been ambiguous on this issue.
Translation : Hükümet bu konu üzerinde hala net değil (belirsiz).
Part of speech : Ambiguity (n) ambigiously (adv).

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AMBITION

Vocabulary Item : Ambition (n)

Synonym : Desire, aspiration, goal, objective, aim, target.
Antonym : Vain, futile.
Turkish Definition : Hırs, istek, hedef, amaç.
Example sentence : He has already achieved his main ambition in life.
Translation : Hayattaki amacına (hedefine) çoktan ulaştı.
Part of speech : Ambitious (adj).

AMNESTY

Vocabulary Item : Amnesty (n)

Synonym : Pardon.
Antonym : Blame, accuse, charge.
Turkish Definition : Genel af.
Example sentence : Most prisoners were freed under the terms of the amnesty.
Translation : Çoğu mahkum genel af şartlarına göre serbest bırakıldı.

AMPLE

Vocabulary Item : Ample (adj)

Synonym : Abundant, plentiful, extensive, generous, spacious.
Antonym : Scarce, insufficient, inadequate.
Turkish Definition : Bol, bereketli.
Example sentence : There's ample evidence that proves his quilt.
Translation : Onun suçlu olduğunu kanıtlayan bir sürü delil mevcut.
Part of speech : Amplify (v).

ANCIENT

Vocabulary Item : Ancient (adj)

Synonym : Antique, old, obsolete, aged, old-fashioned.
Antonym : Modern, fresh, new.
Turkish Definition : Eski.
Example sentence : The people of this tribe have lived in this valley since ancient
times.
Translation : Bu kabilenin insanları eski zamanlardan beri bu vadide
yaşamaktalar.

ANGUISH

Vocabulary Item : Anguish (n)

Synonym : Pain, torture, torment, misery
Antonym : Ease, pleasure
Turkish Definition : Acı, ızdırap
Example sentence : Because of her anguish she forgot to leave a message
Translation : Acısı yüzünden mesaj bırakmayı unuttu.
Part of speech : Anguished (adj).

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ANNIHILATION

Vocabulary Item : Annihilation (n)

Synonym : Extermination, eradication, destruction, non-being
Antonym : Existence, being
Turkish Definition : Yok olma, yıkılma, yok etme
Example sentence : The annihilation of the city by the bomb will never be forgotten.
Translation : Şehrin bombalama nedeniyle yok olması hiç unutulmayacak.
Part of speech : Annihilate (v)

ANNUAL

Vocabulary Item : Annual (adj)

Synonym : Yearly,every year, once a year
Antonym : Daily, weekly
Turkish Definition : Yıllık
Example sentence : Companies publish annual reports to inform the public
Translation : Şirketler halkı bilgilendirmek amacıyla yıllık raporlar yayınlarlar
Part of speech : Annually (adv). annualized (adj).

ANNUL

Vocabulary Item : Annul (v)

Synonym : Cancel, repeal, revoke, call off,
Antonym : Confirm, establish
Turkish Definition : İptal etmek, kabul edilmemek, geçersiz sayılmak (evlilik, yasa
vs)
Example sentence : His second marriage was annulled since he never divorced his
first wife.
Translation : İlk karısından boşanmadığı için ikinci evliliği kabul edilmedi.
Part of speech : Annulment (n)

ANTICIPATE

Vocabulary Item : Anticipate (v)

Synonym : Expect, await, foresee, forecast,
Antonym : Unforesee, unexpect
Turkish Definition : Beklemek, ummak
Example sentence : They anticipate having several applications for the job.
Translation : İş için birçok başvuru olacağını umuyorlar.
Part of speech : Anticipation (n)

ANXIOUS

Vocabulary Item : Anxious (adj)

Synonym : Worried, concerned, troubled, apprehensive
Antonym : Calm, confident, cool
Turkish Definition : Endişeli, kaygılı
Example sentence : The drought has made farmers anxious about the harvest.
Translation : Kuraklık çiftçileri ürünleri konusunda kaygılandırdı
(endişelendirdi)
Part of speech :Anxiety (n)

15
APATHY

Vocabulary Item : Apathy (n)

Synonym : Unconcern, no feeling, indifference, insensibility
Antonym : Sensitiveness, feeling, passion, vehemence, emotion
Turkish Definition : İlgisizlik, umursamazlık
Example sentence : There is widespread apathy among students
Translation : Öğrenciler arasında yaygın bir ilgisizlik var.
Part of speech : Apathetic (adj)

APPALING

Vocabulary Item : Appaling (adj)

Synonym : Terrifying, shocking, frightful, dreadful, awful
Antonym : Reassuring
Turkish Definition : Korkutucu, ürkütücü
Example sentence : Prisoners are being kept in the most appalling conditions
Translation : Mahkumlar ürkütücü koşullarda tutuluyorlar.
Part of speech : Appal v. appalled adj.

APPARENT

Vocabulary Item : Apparent (adj)

Synonym : Obvious, clear, noticable,
Antonym : Actual, real
Turkish Definition : Görünürde, belli olan
Example sentence 1) : Her unhappiness was apparent to everyone
Translation : Mutsuzluğu herkesçe görülüyordu.
Part of speech : Apparently (adv)

APPEAL

Vocabulary Item : Appeal (v)

Synonym : Invoke, attract, provoke attention, interest, captivate,
Antonym : Protest, be indifferent
Turkish Definition : İlgisini çekmek
Example sentence : I think what appeals to me about his painting is the colours he
uses
Translation : Sanırım onun resimlerinde bana çekici gelen şey kullandığı
renkler.
Part of speech : Appealing (adj). appeal (n)

APPEASE

Vocabulary Item : Appease (v)

Synonym : Calm down, pacify, soothe, reconcile
Antonym : Aggravate
Turkish Definition : Yatıştırmak, teskin etmek
Example sentence : She claimed that the government had changed the law in order
to appease their critics.
Translation : O, hükümetin eleştirileri yatıştırmak için yasayı değiştirdiğini
iddia etti.

16
Part of speech :Appeasement (n).

APPOINT

Vocabulary Item : Appoint (v)

Synonym : Assign, allot, direct,
Antonym : Withold, cancel
Turkish Definition : Atamak
Example sentence : He's been appointed (as) director of the publishing division
Translation : Yayın bölümünün direktörü olarak atandı.
Part of speech : Appointment (n)

APPRAISE

Vocabulary Item : Appraise (v)

Synonym : Assess, evaluate, estimate, value, rate
Antonym : Undervalue, discard
Turkish Definition : Değerlendirmek, değer biçmek
Example sentence : The experts will appraise the individuals’ needs.
Translation : Uzmanlar bireylerin ihtiyaçlarını değerlendirecekler.
Part of speech : Appraisal (n)

APPRECIATE

Vocabulary Item : Appreciate (v)

Synonym : Admire, understand, esteem, value highly, respect
Antonym : Undervalue, misjudge, depreciate
Turkish Definition : Takdir etmek, beğenmek, anlamak
Example sentence : We really appreciate all the support you gave us last weekend
Translation : Geçen haftasonu gösterdiğiniz desteği takdir ediyoruz.
Part of speech : Appreciable (adj)

APPREHENSION

Vocabulary Item : Apprehension (n)

Synonym : Anxiety, fear, dread, concern
Antonym : Confidence, braveness
Turkish Definition : Endişe, korku
Example sentence : It's normal to feel a little apprehension before starting a new
job
Translation : Yeni bir işe başlamadan biraz korku yaşamak normaldir.
Part of speech : Apprehensive (adj)

APPROPRIATE

Vocabulary Item : Appropriate adj

Synonym : Suitable, proper, fitting
Antonym : Irrelevant, improper
Turkish Definition : Uygun
Example sentence : Is this film appropriate for small children?
Translation : Bu film küçük çocuklar için uygunmu?

17
Part of speech : Appropriately (adv), appropriateness (n).

APPROVE

Vocabulary Item : Approve (v)

Synonym : Support, endorse, back up, favor
Antonym : Condemn, repudiate, dislike
Turkish Definition : Onaylamak
Example sentence : I thoroughly approve of what the government is doing
Translation : Hükümetin yaptıklarını tamamıyla onaylıyorum.
Part of speech : Approval (n).

APT (TO)

Vocabulary Item : Apt (adj)

Synonym : Likely, prone, liable, inclined, suitable
Antonym : Unlikely
Turkish Definition : Eğilimli olmak, eğiliminde olmak
Example sentence : The kitchen roof is apt to leak when it rains
Translation : Yağmur yağınca mutfağın çatısı büyük olasılıkla akar (akmaya
meyillidir)
Part of speech : Aptly (adv). aptness (n). (uygunluk)

APTITUDE

Vocabulary Item : Aptitude (n)

Synonym : Ability, talent, gift, knack, tendency,
Antonym : Awkwardness
Turkish Definition : Yetenek
Example sentence : We will take your personal aptitudes and abilities into account
Translation : Kişisel yeteneklerini ve becerilerini dikkate alacağız.

ARBITRARY

Vocabulary Item : Arbitrary (adj)

Synonym : Random, chance, dictatorial
Antonym : Reasoned, considerate
Turkish Definition : Resgele, keyfi, otoriter
Example sentence : What guided your decision or was it arbitrary?
Translation : Senin kararını ne yönlendirdi, ya da keyfi karar mı verdin?
Part of speech : Arbitrate (v). arbitration (n)

ARISE (FROM)

Vocabulary Item : Arise from (v)

Synonym : Originate from, proceed, spring, ascend, go up
Antonym : End, sink, fall
Turkish Definition : -den doğmak, kaynaklanmak
Example sentence : Are there any matters arising from the last meeting?
Translation : Son toplantıdan ortaya çıkan herhangi bir problem var mı?

18
ARROGANT

Vocabulary Item : Arrogant (adj)

Synonym : Conceited, self-admiring, egoistic
Antonym : Humble, modest
Turkish Definition : Kendini beğenmiş, kibirli
Example sentence : She is both very arrogant and very rude.
Translation : Hem kendini çok beğenmiş hem de çok kaba.
Part of speech : Arrogance (n).

ARTIFICIAL

Vocabulary Item : Artificial (adj)

Synonym : Unnaturalunreal, synthetic
Antonym : Natural, genuine
Turkish Definition : Yapay, doğal olmayan
Example sentence : Her smile was rather artificial.
Translation : Gülümseyişi oldukça yapmacıktı.
Part of speech : Artificiality (n). artificially (adv)

ASCEND

Vocabulary Item : Ascend (v)

Synonym : Go up, climb, rise, mount, aspire
Antonym : Descend, fall, sink
Turkish Definition : Yükselmek, çıkmak
Example sentence : The divers have begun to ascend to the surface of the water
Translation : Dalgıçlar suyun yüzeyine çıkmaya başladılar.
Part of speech : Ascent (n)

ASPIRE

Vocabulary Item : Aspire (v)

Synonym : Desire, long, hope, wish
Antonym : Be unwilling, be reluctant
Turkish Definition : Arzu etmek, istemek
Example sentence : Few people who aspire to fame ever achieve it.
Translation : Ünlü olmayı isteyen çok az kişi başarılı olur.
Part of speech : Aspiration (n)

ASSAULT

Vocabulary Item : Assault (n)

Synonym : Attack, invasion, charge, agression
Antonym : Resistance, defence
Turkish Definition : Saldırma
Example sentence : The assault on a police officer made us all sad.
Translation : Polis memuruna yapılan saldırı hepimizi üzdü.
Part of speech : Assail (v).

19
ASSEMBLE

Vocabulary Item : Assemble (v)

Synonym : Compile, come together, meet, convene
Antonym : Disperse, scatter, apart
Turkish Definition : Biraraya gelmek, toplamak
Example sentence : We assembled in the meeting room after lunch
Translation : Öğle yemeğinden sonra toplantı odasında biraraya geldik.
Part of speech : Assembly (n)

ASSERT

Vocabulary Item : Assert (v)

Synonym : Declare, claim, maintain, affirm,
Antonym : Keep silent
Turkish Definition : İleri sürmek, iddia etmek
Example sentence : The Allies asserted their right to move freely between the two
borders.
Translation : Müttefikler iki sınır arasında serbest dolaşma haklarının
olduğunu iddia ettiler.
Part of speech : Assertion (n)

ASSESS

Vocabulary Item : Assess (v)

Synonym : Evaluate, appraise, value
Antonym : Not commmenting
Turkish Definition : Değerlendirmek
Example sentence : Examinations are not the only means of assessing students'
ability
Translation : Sınavlar öğrencilerin yeteneklerini değerlendirmede tek araç
değillerdir.
Part of speech : Assessment (n).

ASSET

Vocabulary Item : asset (n)

Synonym : advantage, benefit, possession
Antonym : harm, deficit
Turkish Definition : kazanç, mal varlığı, artı yön
Example sentence : Knowledge of languages is a real asset in this sort of work
Translation : Böyle bir işte yabancı dil bilmek gerçekten bir avantajdır.

ASSIGN

Vocabulary Item : Assign (v)

Synonym : Allocate, allot, appoint, arrange
Antonym : Use up, comsume all
Turkish Definition : Ayırmak, tahsis etmek, yüklemek
Example sentence : UN troops were assigned the task of rebuilding the hospital.
Translation : Birleşmiş milletler birliklerine hastaneyi yeniden inşa etme
görevi verildi.

20
Part of speech : Assignment (n)

ASSOCIATE

Vocabulary Item : Associate (v)

Synonym : Connect, relate, link, join, combine
Antonym : Disconnect
Turkish Definition : İlişkilendirmek, bağlantı kurmak
Example sentence : Most people associate this brand with good quality.
Translation : Birçok kişi bu markayı iyi kalite ile bağdaştırır.
Part of speech : Associate (n). assocation (n)

ASSUME

Vocabulary Item : Assume (v)

Synonym : Presume, suppose, take for granted, postulate
Turkish Definition : Varsaymak
Example sentence : Let's assume (that) they're coming and make plans on that
basis
Translation : Geldiklerini varsayalım ve ona göre planlar yapalım.
Part of speech : Assumption (n).

ASSURE

Vocabulary Item : Assure (v)

Synonym : Ensure, guarantee, warrant, promise
Antonym : Deny, doubt
Turkish Definition : Garanti vermek, temin etmek
Example sentence : The mechanic assured him (that) the car would be ready the
next day.
Translation : Tamirci arabanın ertesi gün hazır olacağını temin etti (garanti
verdi)
Part of speech : Assurance (n).

ASTONISH

Vocabulary Item : Astonish (v)

Synonym : Amaze, startle, perplex, astound,
Antonym : Bore
Turkish Definition : Şaşırtmak
Example sentence : They were astonished when I announced I was pregnant.
Translation : Hamile olduğumu söyleyince şaşırdılar.
Part of speech : Astonishment (n).

ASYLUM

Vocabulary Item : Asylum (n)

Synonym : Shelter, protection
Turkish Definition : Sığınak, barınak, akıl hastanesi

21
Example sentence 1) : He was seeking for political asylum
Translation : Siyasi iltica arayışındaydı.
Example sentence 2) : He was sent to asylum for treatment.
Translation : Tedavi için akıl hastanesine gönderildi.

ATTACH

Vocabulary Item : Attach (v)

Synonym : Connect, join, fasten, tie, bind
Antonym : Detach
Turkish Definition : Bağlamak, iliştirmek
Example sentence : I attached a photo to my application form
Translation : Başvuru formuma bir fotoğraf ekledim.
Part of speech : Attachment (n).

ATTITUDE

Vocabulary Item : Attitude (n)

Synonym : Manner, stance, posture, aspect, regard
Turkish Definition : Tavır
Example sentence : It's very difficult to change people's attitudes.
Translation : İnsanların tavırlarını değiştirmek çok zordur.

ATTRIBUTE (TO)

Vocabulary Item : Attribute (v)

Synonym : Ascribe, assign, refer, associate, connect
Antonym : Disconnect, seperate
Turkish Definition : Atfetmek, -e bağlamak
Example sentence : The doctors have attributed the cause of the illness to an
unknown virus.
Translation : Doktorlar hastalığın nedenini bilinmeyen bir virüse bağladılar.
Part of speech : Attribute (n) Attribution (n).attributable (adj)

AUGMENT

Vocabulary Item : Augment (v)

Synonym : Increase, launch, rise, go up
Antonym : Decrease, fall
Turkish Definition : Artırmak
Example sentence : He had to find an extra work to augment his income.
Translation : Gelirini artırmak için ek bir iş bulmak zorunda kaldı
Part of speech : Augmentation (n)

AUSTERE

Vocabulary Item : Austere (adj)

Synonym : Severe, serious, strict, stern, hard, harsh, rigid
Antonym : Soft, indulgent
Turkish Definition : Sert, ciddi, katı
Example sentence : He had experiened an austere childhood during the war
Translation : Savaş sırasında zor bir çocukluk dönemi geçirdi.
Part of speech : Austerity (n).

22
AVAILABLE

Vocabulary Item : Available (adj)

Synonym : Accessible, obtainable
Antonym : Unavailable, unaccessible, vulnerable
Turkish Definition : Mümkün, elde edilebilir
Example sentence : It is vital that food is made available to the famine areas
Translation : Açlık olan bölgelerde yiyecek elde edilebilmesi çok önemlidir.
Part of speech : Availability (n).

AVERT

Vocabulary Item : Avert (v)

Synonym : Avoid, prevent, turn away
Antonym : Stabilize
Turkish Definition : Önlemek, yönünü değiştirmek
Example sentence 1) : I averted my gaze/eyes while he dressed
Translation : O giyinirken gözlerimi çevirdim.
Example sentence 2) : It is not always easy to avert economic collapse
Translation :Ekonomik çöküşü engellemek her zaman kolay değildir.
Part of speech : Avertible (adj)

AWKWARD

Vocabulary Item : Awkward (adj)

Synonym : Clumsy, uncomfortable, not easy to deal with
Antonym : Easy to deal with, clever, handy
Turkish Definition : Beceriksiz, uğraşılması zor, zor
Example sentence 1) : It's an awkward corner to drive round
Translation : Dönülmesi zor bir virajdı.
Example sentence 2) : It was an wakward situation.
Translation : Uğraşılması zor bir durumdu.
Part of speech : Awkwardly (adv). awkwardness (n).

B
BAN

Vocabulary Item : ban (v)

Synonym : prohibit, forbid, not allow
Antonym : let, allow
Turkish Definition : yasaklamak, müsade etmemek
Example sentence : The film was banned in several countries
Translation : Film birçok ülkede yasaklandı.
Part of speech : ban n.

23
BANKRUPT

Vocabulary Item : bankrupt (adj)

Synonym : penniless, ruined
Antonym : rich, wealthy
Turkish Definition : iflas etmek
Example sentence : The recession has led to many small businesses going bankrupt
Translation : Ekonomik durgunluk küçük şirketlerin iflasına neden oldu.
Part of speech : bankrupt v. , bankruptcy n.

BARELY

Vocabulary Item : barely (adv)

Synonym : hardly, scarcely
Antonym : often, generally
Turkish Definition : zorlukla, güçlükle, nadir, hemen hemen hiç
Example sentence 1) : I can barely hear you.
Translation : Seni hemen hemen hiç duyamıyorum.

BARGAIN

Vocabulary Item : bargain (v)

Synonym : negotiate
Antonym : buy, purchase immediately
Turkish Definition : pazarlık yapmak, görüşmek
Example sentence 1) : Unions bargain with employers for better rates of pay each year
Translation : Sendikalar her sene işçilerle daha iyi oranlar için pazarlık
yaparlar
Part of speech : bargain (n)

BATTLE

Vocabulary Item : battle (n)

Synonym : fight, war, conflict
Antonym : peace and quiet
Turkish Definition : kavga, çatışma, savaş
Example sentence : Her only brother was killed in battle
Translation : Tek kardeşi savaşta öldürüldü.

BEAR

Vocabulary Item : bear (v)

Synonym : stand, endure, tolerate
Antonym : can’t stand
Turkish Definition : dayanmak, tahammül etmek
Example sentence : I can't bear being bored
Translation : Sıkıntıya dayanamıyorum (gelemiyorum)
Example Sentence : He couldn't bear to see the dog in pain
Translation : Köpeği acı içinde görmeye dayanamadı.
Part of speech : bearable (adj)

24
BEAT

Vocabulary Item : beat (v)

Synonym : defeat, strike, hit
Antonym : lose
Turkish Definition : yenmek, bozguna uğratmak
Example sentence : They saw him beating his dog with a stick
Translation : Onu köpeğine sopayla vururken gördüler.
Part of speech : beaten adj. beater n. beating n.

BENEFICIAL

Vocabulary Item : beneficial (adj)

Synonym : useful
Antonym : useless, futile
Turkish Definition : faydalı
Example sentence : The improvement in sales figures had a beneficial effect on the
company
Translation : Satışlardaki artış şirket üzerined olumlu (faydalı) etki yarattı.
Part of speech : benefit n.

BETRAY

Vocabulary Item : betray (v)

Synonym : deceive, to be disloyal
Antonym : loyal, to be honest
Turkish Definition : ihanet etmek
Example sentence : He was accused of betraying his country during the war
Translation : Savaşta ülkesine ihanet etmekle suçlandı.
Part of speech : betrayal n.

BEWILDER

Vocabulary Item : bewilder (v)

Synonym : confuse, astonish
Antonym : not affect
Turkish Definition : şaşırtmak, şaşırmak, hayrete düşürmek
Example sentence : The instructions completely bewildered me.
Translation : Açıklamalar tamamıyla kafamı karıştırdı.
Part of speech : bewildered adj, bewildering adj.

BIAS

Vocabulary Item : bias (n)

Synonym : prejudice, prejudgement
Antonym : being objective, unprejudiced
Turkish Definition : önyargı
Example sentence : There was clear evidence of a strong bias against her.
Translation : Ona karşı önyargı olduğuna dair açık kanıtlar vardı.
Part of speech : bias v. biased adj.

25
BLEAK

Vocabulary Item : bleak (adj)

Synonym : hopeless, gloomy
Antonym : hopeful, optimistic, promising
Turkish Definition : karamsar, kötü
Example sentence 1) : The economic situation is very bleak.
Translation : Ekonomik durum hiç içaçıcı değil.
Part of speech : bleakness n.

BLOOM

Vocabulary Item : bloom (v)

Synonym : blossom, flower
Turkish Definition : açmak, ürün vermek
Example sentence 1) : These flowers will bloom all through the summer.
Translation : Bu çiçekler yaz boyunca çiçek açarlar.
Part of speech : bloom n. blooming adj.

BLUNTLY

Vocabulary Item : bluntly (adv)

Synonym : frankly, honestly, directly
Antonym : indirectly, by implying
Turkish Definition : açık, dürüst bir şekilde
Example sentence : To put it bluntly, you have to improve your English.
Translation : Açık olmak gerekirse, İngilizceni geliştirmek zorundasın.
Part of speech : blunt adj.

BOOM

Vocabulary Item : boom (v)

Synonym : boost, increase, expand, develop
Antonym : decrease, abate, subside
Turkish Definition : artmak
Example sentence : The textile industry is booming
Translation : Tekstil sektörü genişliyor.
Part of speech : boom n.

BOTHER

Vocabulary Item : bother (v)

Synonym : trouble
Antonym : relief
Turkish Definition : sıkıntı vermek, zahmet vermek
Example sentence : Don't bother making the bed - I'll do it later
Translation : Yatağı yapmakla zahmet etme, ben sonra yaparım.
Part of speech : bother n

26
BOUND

Vocabulary Item : bound adj

Synonym : inevitable, unavoidable
Antonym : avoidable
Turkish Definition : zorunlu, kaçınılmaz
Example sentence : You're bound to feel nervous about your interview
Translation : Mülakatında kaçınılmaz şekilde gergin olacaksın.

BREED

Vocabulary Item : breed (v)

Synonym : produce, nourish, nurture
Antonym : kill, extinct
Turkish Definition : çiftleş(tir)mek
Example sentence : Most birds breed in the spring.
Translation : Çoğu kuş baharda çiftleşir.
Part of speech : breed n. breeder n. breeding n.

BRIBERY

Vocabulary Item : bribery (n)

Synonym : corruption
Turkish Definition : rüşvet
Example sentence : The company was always rife with bribery
Translation : Şirketde rüşvet sürekli mevcuttu.
Part of speech : bribe v bribe n

BRILLIANT

Vocabulary Item : brilliant (adj)

Synonym : clever, smart, intelligent
Antonym : stupid, idiot
Turkish Definition : zeki, dahice
Example sentence : The idea was quite brilliant
Translation : Fikir dahiceydi.
: Her mother was a brilliant journalist.
Translation : Annesi başarılı bir gazeteciydi.
Part of speech : brilliantly adv. brilliance n.

BURDEN

Vocabulary Item : burden (noun)

Synonym : load, strain
Turkish Definition : ağır yük (soyut)
Example sentence : She's totally a burden to me.
Translation : Kesinlikle bana yük oluyor.
Example sentence : Buying a house often places financial burden on young couples
Translation : Ev almak genç çiftler üzerinde ekonomik bir yük oluşturur.
Part of speech : burden v burdensome adj.

27
BUSTLE

Vocabulary Item : bustle (n)

Synonym : movement, vividness
Antonym : recession, stability
Turkish Definition : hareketlilik, canlılık
Example sentence : I sat in a café and watched the (hustle and) bustle of the
street outside
Translation : Bir kafede oturdum ve caddedeki hareketliliği izledim.
Part of speech : bustle v. bustling adj.

C
CALAMITY

Vocabulary Item : calamity (n)

Synonym : disaster, catastrophe
Antonym : prosperity, well-being
Turkish Definition : felaket
Example sentence : the whole city was affected by the irremediable calamity.
Translation : Tüm şehir çare bulunamayan felaketten etkilendi.
Part of speech : calamitous adj., calamitously adv.

CANCEL

Vocabulary Item : cancel (v)

Synonym : call off, annul, revoke, abandon
Antonym : resume
Turkish Definition : iptal etmek
Example sentence : They've had to cancel tomorrow's football match because of the
bad weather
Translation : Kötü hava yüzünden yarınki maçı iptal etmek zorunda kaldılar.
Part of speech : cancellation n.

CASE

Vocabulary Item : case (n)

Synonym : condition, situation
Turkish Definition : durum, vaka
Example sentence : I wouldn't normally agree but it will be an exception in this
case.
Translation : Normalde kabul etmezdim ama bu durumda bir istisna olacak.

CAUTIOUS

Vocabulary Item : cautious (adj)

Synonym : careful, attentive

28
Antonym : incautious
Turkish Definition : tedbirli, ihtiyatlı
Example sentence : He's a cautious driver
Translation : Tedbirli bir sürücüdür.
Part of speech : caution n.

CEASE

Vocabulary Item : cease (v)

Synonym : stop
Antonym : continue, keep
Turkish Definition : durmak, durdurmak
Example sentence : The company has decided to cease all operations
Translation : Şirket tüm faaliyetleri durdurma kararı aldı.
Part of speech : cease n. ceaseless adj.

CENSUS

Vocabulary Item : census (n)

Synonym : counting, demography
Turkish Definition : nüfus sayımı
Example sentence : We have a census in this country every ten years.
Translation : Bu ülkede her on yılda bir nüfus sayımı yapılır.

CHALLENGE

Vocabulary Item : challenge (v)

Synonym : defy
Antonym : pass
Turkish Definition : meydan okumak
Example sentence : The player challanged his opponents
Translation : Oyuncu rakiplerine meydan okudu.
Part of speech : challenge n. challenging adj.

CHARGE WITH

Vocabulary Item : charge with sth (v)

Synonym : accuse of, blame for
Antonym : retreat, acquit
Turkish Definition : suçlamak
Example sentence : She is charged with murdering her husband
Translation : Eşini öldürmekle suçlanıyor.
Part of speech : charge n.

CHARITY

Vocabulary Item : charity (n)

Synonym : assistance, help
Turkish Definition : yardım, vakıf
Example sentence : People tend to give money to charity during Ramadan
Translation : Ramazan boyunca insnalar yardım kuruluşlarına para verirler.
Part of speech : charitable adj.

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CHEAT

Vocabulary Item : cheat (v)

Synonym : copy, deceive, swindle, trick
Antonym : to be honest, to be frank
Turkish Definition : kopya çekmek, aldatmak
Example sentence : She cheated in the test by copying from the boy in front
Translation : Önündeki çocuktan bakarak testte kopya çekti.
Part of speech : cheat n.

CHERISH

Vocabulary Item : cherish (v)

Synonym : value, relish, enjoy too much
Antonym : hate, detest, not enjoy
Turkish Definition : keyfini çıkartmak
Example sentence : She cherishes her 1967 Cadillac.
Translation : 1967 model Cadillac arabasına çok değer verir.

CHIEF

Vocabulary Item : chief (adj)

Synonym : main, principal, leading
Antonym : minor, inferior
Turkish Definition : başlıca
Example sentence : The chief problem we have in the area now is the spread of
disease
Translation : Şu anda bölgedeki asıl problem hastalığın yayılması.
Part of speech : chiefly adv.

CIRCUMSTANTIAL

Vocabulary Item : circumstantial (adj)

Synonym : secondary, indirect
Antonym : initial, first, direct
Turkish Definition : ikinci derecede, ikinci planda, kesin olmayan
Example sentence : The case against her was circumstantial.
Translation : Onun aleyhine olan dava kesın kanıtlar içermiyordu.

CITE

Vocabulary Item : cite (v)

Synonym : mention, talk about, refer to
Antonym : keep silent.
Turkish Definition : bahsetmek
Example sentence : The lawyer cited two similar cases
Translation : Avukat bnnzer iki olaydan bahsetti.
Part of speech : citation n.

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CLARIFY

Vocabulary Item : clarify (v)

Synonym : make it clear, explain
Antonym : confuse, muddle
Turkish Definition : açıklamak
Example sentence : The position of all shareholders will be clarified next month
Translation : Tüm ortakların durumu önümüzdeki ay açıklanacak.
Part of speech : clarification n. clarity n.

CLARITY

Vocabulary Item : clarity (n)

Synonym : clearness, lucidity, precision
Antonym : obscurity
Turkish Definition : açıklık
Example sentence : She was phoning from Australia, but I was amazed at the clarity
of her voice.
Translation : Avustralya’dan arıyordu ancak sesinin netliği beni şaşırttı.
Part of speech : clarify v. clarification n.

CLIENT

Vocabulary Item : client

Synonym : customer, consumer
Antonym : producer, manufacturer
Turkish Definition : müşteri, müvekkil
Example sentence : Mr Black has been a client of this firm for many years
Translation : Mr.Black bu şirketin yıllardır müşterisidir.
Part of speech : clientele n.

CLUMSY

Vocabulary Item : clumsy (adj)

Synonym : awkward, unskilled
Antonym : talented, gifted
Turkish Definition : beceriksiz, yeteneksiz, zayıf
Example sentence : That's the third glass you've smashed this week, - you're so
clumsy!
Translation : Bu hafta kırdıgın üçüncü bardak, çok sakarsın !
Part of speech : clumsily adv. clumsiness n.

COERCE

Vocabulary Item : coerce (v)

Synonym : force, compel
Antonym : persuade, coax
Turkish Definition : zorlamak
Example sentence : He is thought to be coerced into making a confession about the
crime.
Translation : Cinayet konusunda itirafa zorlanıldığı düşünülüyor.
Part of speech : coercion n, coercive adj.

31
COGNITIVE

Vocabulary Item : cognition (adj)

Synonym : connected with thinking
Antonym : physical
Turkish Definition : bilişsel
Example sentence : Some of her cognitive functions have been impaired
Translation : Bazı bilişsel fonksiyonları zarar gördü.
Part of speech : cognition (n)

COHERENT

Vocabulary Item : coherent (adj)

Synonym : connected, consistent, rational
Antonym : irrational, rembling, loose
Turkish Definition : mantıklı, birleşik, kendinde
Example sentence : When she calmed down, she was more coherentin her speech.
Translation : Sakinleştiğinde daha mantıklı konuştu.
Part of speech : coherence n. coherently adv.

COHESIVE

Vocabulary Item : cohesive (adj)

Synonym : unified, interconnected
Antonym : apart, seperate
Turkish Definition : birleştirici, yapıştırıcı
Example sentence : Cohesive forces have played an important role in the victory.
Translation : Birleşmiş güçler zaferde önemli rol oynadılar.
Part of speech : cohesion n.

COINCIDE

Vocabulary Item : coincide (verb) (with)

Synonym : happen together, match, correspond, agree
Antonym : clash
Turkish Definition : tesadüfi çakışmak
Example sentence : Our views coincide on a range of subjects
Translation : Birçok konuda fikirlerimiz birleşiyor.
Part of speech : coincidence n.

COLLABORATE

Vocabulary Item : collaborate (v) with

Synonym : work together, cooperate
Antonym : work individually
Turkish Definition : işbirliği yapmak, beraber çalışmak
Example sentence : Two writers collaborated on the script for the film
Translation : Film senaryosu için iki yazar birlikte çalıştılar.
Part of speech : collaboration n.

COLLAPSE

Vocabulary Item : collapse (v)

32
Synonym : fall down
Antonym : erect, build up
Turkish Definition : çökmek, yıkılmak
Example sentence : Thousands of buildings collapsed in the earthquake
Translation : Depremde binlerce bina yıkıldı.
Part of speech : collapse n.

COLLIDE

Vocabulary Item : collide (v) with

Synonym : crash, strike, bump into
Turkish Definition : çarpışmak
Example sentence :The two lorries collided at the crossroads
Translation : İki kamyon kavşakta çarpıştı.
Part of speech : collision n.

COMBUSTIBLE

Vocabulary Item : combustible (adj)

Synonym : burning
Turkish Definition : yanıcı
Example sentence : Wood and coal are both combustible substances
Translation : Ahşap ve kömür her ikisi de yanıcı maddelerdir.
Part of speech : combustion adj.

COMMEMORATE

Vocabulary Item : commemorate (v)

Synonym : celebrate, honor
Antonym : forget
Turkish Definition : anmak, hatırlamak
Example sentence : A statue has been built to commemorate the 100th anniversary
of the poet's birthday
Translation : Şairin 100. doğumgününü anmak için bir heykel dikildi.
Part of speech : commemoration n. commemorative adj.

COMMENCE

Vocabulary Item : commence (v)

Synonym : start, begin
Antonym : finish, end
Turkish Definition : başlamak, başlatmak
Example sentence : We will commence building work in August of next year.
Translation : İnşaata önümüzdeki yıl Ağustos ayında başlayacağız.
Part of speech : commencement n.

COMMEND

Vocabulary Item : commend (v)

33
Synonym : praise, extol, acclaim
Antonym : look down on, humiliate
Turkish Definition : övmek
Example sentence : For a low-budget film, it has much to commend it
Translation : Düşük bütçeli bir filme göre övülecek çok yanı var.
Part of speech : commendable adj commendably adv commendation n

COMMERCE

Vocabulary Item : commerce (n)

Synonym : trade, traffic, business, exchange
Turkish Definition : ticaret
Example sentence : The world of commerce and industry is improving day by day.
Translation : Ticaret ve iş dünyası günden güne gelişiyor.
Part of speech : commercial adj commercialize v commercialized adj.
commercialization n. commercialism n. commercially adv.

COMMIT

Vocabulary Item : commit (v)

Synonym : perform, assign, carry out
Antonym : He was sent to prison for a crime that he didn't commit
Turkish Definition : (suç) işlemek
Example sentence : He was sent to prison for a crime that he didn't commit
Translation : İşlemediği bir suç nedeniyle hapise girdi.
Part of speech : commitment n.

COMMON

Vocabulary Item : common (adj)

Synonym : shared,
Antonym : private, distinctive, unusual
Turkish Definition : ortak, yaygın
Example sentence : English has some features common to many languages
Translation : İngilizce’nin birçok dille ortak olan özellikleri vardır.
Part of speech : common n.

COMPARE

Vocabulary Item : compare (v)

Synonym : match, relate, correspond,
Antonym : contrast
Turkish Definition : karşılaştırmak
Example sentence : This road is quite busy compared to/with ours.
Translation : Bizimki ile karşılaştırıldığında bu yol oldukça yoğun.
Part of speech :comparable adj, comparative adj, comparativelyadv comparison

34
COMPASSION

Vocabulary Item : compassion (n)

Synonym : sympathy, tenderness, kindness, pity, mercy
Antonym : cruelty, harshness
Turkish Definition : merhamet, acıma
Example sentence : I was hoping she might show a little compassion.
Translation : Az da olsa merhamet gösterebileceğini umuyordum.
Part of speech : compassionate adj compassionately adv.

COMPATIBLE

Vocabulary Item : compatible (adj) (with)

Synonym : harmonious, agreeable
Antonym : disagreeable
Turkish Definition : uyumlu
Example sentence : The new system will be compatible with existing equipment.
Translation : Yeni sistem mevcut malzemelerle uyumlu olacak.
Part of speech : compatibility

COMPEL

Vocabulary Item : compel (v)

Synonym : force
Antonym : volunteer to.
Turkish Definition : zorlamak
Example sentence : I felt morally compelled to help
Translation : Yardım etmeye vicdanen zorunlu hissettim.
Part of speech : compulsion n.

COMPENSATE

Vocabulary Item : compensate (v)

Synonym : make up for
Antonym : give harm.
Turkish Definition : telafi etmek, bedelini ödemek
Example sentence : The authorities promised to compensate for the price rise.
Translation : Yetkililer fiyat artışını telafi edeceklerine dair söz verdiler.
Part of speech : compensation n compensatory adj. compensative adj.
compensator n

COMPETE

Vocabulary Item : compete (v) (with/against)

Synonym : race
Antonym : share, participate
Turkish Definition : yarışmak, mücadele içinde olmak
Example sentence : Kangaroos compete with sheep for sparse supplies of food and
water

35
Translation : Kangurular az miktardaki su ve yiyecek kaynakları için
koyunlarla rekabet ederşer.
Part of speech : competence n. competent adj. competently adv. competition
n. competitive adj.

COMPILE

Vocabulary Item : compile (v)

Synonym : collect, gather, accumulate, assemble
Antonym : distribute
Turkish Definition : toplamak, biraraya getirmek
Example sentence : It took ten years to compile the book.
Translation : Kitabı toplamak (biraraya getirmek) 10 yıl aldı.
Part of speech : compiler n.

COMPLY WITH

Vocabulary Item : comply (verb) (with)

Synonym : abide by, obey
Antonym : violate, resist
Turkish Definition : uymak
Example sentence : He had no choice but to comply with the rules.
Translation : Kurallara uymaktan başka hiçbir şansı yoktu.
Part of speech : compliance n.

COMPREHEND

Vocabulary Item : comprehend (v)

Synonym : understand, apprehend
Antonym : misunderstand
Turkish Definition : anlamak
Example sentence : I just cannot comprehend your attitude
Translation : Tavrını anlayamıyorum.
Part of speech : comprehension (n) comprehensible adj. comprehensive adj.
comprehensively adv. comprehensiveness n.

COMPRISE

Vocabulary Item : comprise (v)

Synonym : consist of, be composed of , made up of
Antonym : exclude
Turkish Definition : oluşmak
Example sentence : The book comprises 350 pages.
Translation : Kitap 350 sayfadan oluşuyor.
Part of speech : comprisable adj.

WHICH WORD?
comprise / compose / consist of / constitute / make up / include?

36
When you want to mention the different parts that something is formed from, you can say
that something comprises, consists of, is composed of or is made up of a number of different
things:
“The committee comprises/consists of two lawyers, two journalists and a teacher.”
Komite iki avukat iki gazateci ve bir öğretmenden oluşuyor.

You can also say is comprised of, though this use is often avoided in written English. It is not
correct to use comprises of or is composed by /from.
When you mention first all the parts that together form the whole, constitute, compose and
make up are used.

“Two lawyers, two journalists and a head teacher compose/constitute the committee.”
Komiteyi iki avukat, iki gazeteci ve bir öğretmen oluşturuyor.
Comprise can be used in this way but is less common.

You use include if you only mention some of the parts:

“The committee includes two lawyers.”
Komite iki avukattan oluşuyor (içeriyor)
These verbs are not used in the progressive tenses.

COMPROMISE

Vocabulary Item : compromise (v)

Synonym : agree on sth
Antonym : disagree
Turkish Definition : uzlaşmak
Example sentence : The two sides reached a compromise by bargaining
Translation : İki taraf pazarlık yaparak anlaşmaya vardılar.
Part of speech : compromiser n. compromisingly adv.

COMPULSION

Vocabulary Item : compulsion (n)

Synonym : force, urge
Antonym : persuasion, coaxing
Turkish Definition : zorlama
Example sentence : He was under compulsion when he was forced to talk.
Translation : Konuşmaya zorlandığında baskı altındaydı (zorlandı)
Part of speech : compulse

COMPULSORY

Vocabulary Item : compulsory (adj)

Synonym : obligatory, mandatory
Antonym : optional, voluntary
Turkish Definition : zorunlu

37
Example sentence : In East Germany learning Russian was compulsory.
Translation : Doğu Almanya’da Rusça öğrenmek zorunluydu.
Part of speech : compelsive adj. compulsorily adv. compulsoriness n.

CONCEDE

Vocabulary Item : concede (v)

Synonym : admit, accept
Antonym : refuse, reject, deny
Turkish Definition : kabul etmek
Example sentence : The student conceded that his term-papar was inadequate
Translation : Öğrenci dönem ödevinin yetersiz olduğunu kabul etti.
Part of speech : concession n. conceder n.

CONCEIVE

Vocabulary Item : conceive of (v)

Synonym : imagine, think of, visualize, perceive
Antonym : cannot imagine
Turkish Definition : algılamak, düşünmek, tasavvur etmek
Example sentence : I just cannot even conceive of that quantity of money together.
Translation : O miktarda parayı birarada düşünemiyorum.
Part of speech : conceivable adj.
CONCERN

Vocabulary Item : concern (v)

Synonym : be related, interest
Antonym : not related, irrelevant
Turkish Definition : ilgilenmek, ilgili olmak
Example sentence : You had better not concern yourself with my problems.
Translation : Benim problemlerimle ilgilenmesen iyi olur.
Part of speech : concerned adj. concerning prep.

CONCESSION

Vocabulary Item : concession (n)

Synonym : compromise, giving in
Antonym : keep sth private
Turkish Definition : imtiyaz, hak, ödün, taviz
Example sentence : The government has granted concessions to three private
telephone companies
Translation : Hükümet üç telefon şirketine imtiyaz tanımayı garanti etti.
Part of speech : concessional adj. concessionary adj.

CONCISELY

Vocabulary Item : concisely (adv)

Synonym : briefly, shortly, in brief
Antonym : in detail
Turkish Definition : kısaca, öz
Example sentence : He has written his report clearly and concisely.
Translation : Raporunu kısa ve öz bir şekilde yazdı.

38
Part of speech : concise adj. conciseness n.

CONCLUSIVE

Vocabulary Item : conclusive adj.

Synonym : decisive, undisputable
Antonym : inconclusive, vague, uncertain
Turkish Definition : kesin, kati, tartışılmaz
Example sentence : They claim there is no conclusive evidence that any murders
take place.
Translation : Herhangi bir cinayetin olduğuna dair kesin kanıt olmadığını iddia
ettiler.
Part of speech : conclusively adv. conclusiveness n.

CONCRETE

Vocabulary Item : conrete (adj)

Synonym : tangible, real
Antonym : abstract
Turkish Definition : somut, elle tutulur, beton
Example sentence : There is no concrete evidence against her.
Translation : Onun aleyhine somut bir kanıt yok.
Part of speech : concretely adv. concreteness n

CONCURRENT

Vocabulary Item : concurrent (adj)

Synonym : simultaneous
Antonym : at different times
Turkish Definition : aynı anda, paralel
Example sentence : Galerie St Etienne is holding three concurrent exhibitions.
Translation : Galerie St Etienne aynı anda üç sergi düzenliyor.
Part of speech : concurrently adv.

CONDEMN

Vocabulary Item : condemn (v)

Synonym : denounce
Antonym : praise, approve, denounce
Turkish Definition : kınamak, yermek
Example sentence : The terrorist actions have been condemned
Translation : Terör eylemleri kınandı.
Part of speech : condemnable adj. condemnation n. condemnatory adj.

CONDENSE

39
Vocabulary Item : condense (v)
Synonym : compress, compact
Antonym : expand, amplify
Turkish Definition : yoğunlaştırmak
Example sentence : Water vapour in the air condenses into fog.
Translation : Havadaki su buharı yoğunlaşıp sise dönüşür.
Part of speech : condensation

CONFIDENTIAL

Vocabulary Item : confidential (adj)

Synonym : secret, intimate
Antonym : public
Turkish Definition : gizli
Example sentence : All information will be treated as strictly confidential
Translation : Tüm bilgiler tamamiyle gizli kalmalıdır.
Part of speech : confidentially adv. confidentiality n.

CONFINE

Vocabulary Item : confine (v)

Synonym : limit, restrict
Antonym : release, free
Turkish Definition : sınırlamak
Example sentence : Please confine your use of the telephone to business calls
Translation : Lütfen iş görüşmelerinizdeki telefon kullanımını sınırlandırın.

CONFIRM

Vocabulary Item : confirm (v)

Synonym : verify, substantiate
Antonym : cancel, deny, reject
Turkish Definition : doğrulamak, teyit etmek
Example sentence : Six people have confirmed that they will be attending and ten
haven't replied yet
Translation : 6 kişi katılacaklarını teyit ettiler ama 10 kişi henüz cevap
vermedi.
Part of speech : confirmation n.

CONFLICT

Vocabulary Item : conflict (n)

Synonym : hostility
Antonym : agreement
Turkish Definition : anlaşmazlık, çatışma
Example sentence : There was a lot of conflict between him and his father
Translation : Babasıyla arasında çok fazla anlaşmazlık vardı.
Part of speech : conflicting adj.

CONFORM

40
Vocabulary Item : conform (v)
Synonym : obey, comply with, abide by
Antonym : violate, dissent, disagree
Turkish Definition : uymak
Example sentence : At our school, you are required to conform the rules.
Translation : Okulumuzda kurallara uymak zorundasınız.
Part of speech : conformity n. conformist n.

CONFRONT

Vocabulary Item : confront (v)

Synonym : face up to, encounter, oppose
Antonym : escape
Turkish Definition : karşılaşmak
Example sentence : As she left the court, she was confronted by angry crowds
Translation : Mahkemeyi terkederken kızgın kalabalıkla karşılaştı.
Part of speech : confrontation n.

CONQUER

Vocabulary Item : conquer (v)

Synonym : occupy
Antonym : yield, withdraw
Turkish Definition : fethetmek, işgal etmek
Example sentence : England were conquered by the Normans in 1066
Translation : İngiltere toprakları 1066’da Normanlar tarafından işgal edildi.
Part of speech : conqueror n. conquest n.

CONSECUTIVE

Vocabulary Item : consecutive (adj)

Synonym : successive, sequential
Antonym : discontinuous
Turkish Definition : ard arda, birbirini takiben
Example sentence : This is the fifth consecutive weekend that I've spent working
Translation : Bu çalışarak geçirdiğim ardarda 5. haftasonu.
Part of speech : consecutively adv.

CONSENSUS

Vocabulary Item : consensus (n)

Synonym : agreement
Antonym : disagreement
Turkish Definition : genel anlaşma
Example sentence : Could we reach a consensus on this matter?
Translation : Bu sorun üzerinde anlaşmaya varabilecekmiyiz?

CONSENT

Vocabulary Item : consent (n)

Synonym : agreement, acceptance
Antonym : refuse, decline

41
Turkish Definition : razı olma, kabullenme
Example sentence : They can't publish your name without your consent
Translation : Senin rızan olmadan ismini yayınlayamazlar.
Part of speech : consent v.

CONSEQUENCE

Vocabulary Item : consequence (n)

Synonym : result, effect
Antonym : cause
Turkish Definition : sonuç, etki
Example sentence : if you insist on eating so much, you'll have to take the
consequences!
Translation : Çok yemek yemekte ısrar edersen,sonuçlarına katlanmak
zorunda olacaksın.
Part of speech : consequent adj. consequently adv.

CONSERVE

Vocabulary Item : conserve (v)

Synonym : preserve, protect
Antonym : neglect, destroy
Turkish Definition : korumak, muhafaza etmek
Example sentence : The nationalists are very keen to conserve their customs and
language
Translation :
Part of speech : conservation n. conservationist n.

CONSIDERABLE

Vocabulary Item : considerable (adj)

Synonym : significant, substantial, great
Antonym : little, insignificant, triffling
Turkish Definition : büyük, önemli derecede
Example sentence : The fire caused considerable damage to the church.
Translation : Yangın kilisede büyük ölçüde hasara sebep oldu.
Part of speech : considerably adv.

CONSIDERATE

Vocabulary Item : considerate (adj)

Synonym : thoughtful
Antonym : indifferent
Turkish Definition : düşünceli, ince ruhlu
Example sentence : It wasn't very considerate of you to drink all the milk
Translation : Sütün hepsini içmen düşünceli bir davranış değildi.
Part of speech : consideration n. consider v.

CONSISTENT

Vocabulary Item : consistent (adj)

Synonym : steady, constant
Antonym : inconsistent, incompatible
Turkish Definition : sürekli , istikrarlı, tutarlı

42
Example sentence : Her work is sometimes good, but the problem is she's not
consistent.
Translation : Çalışması bazen iyi ama sorun onun istikrarlı olmaması.
Part of speech : consistency n. consistently adv.

CONSOLE

Vocabulary Item : console (v)

Synonym : comfort
Antonym : distress, hurt
Turkish Definition : teselli etmek, rahatlatmak
Example sentence : Andy tried to console her, but she kept saying it was all her own
fault
Translation : Andy onu teselli etmeye çalıştı fakat o tamamiyle kendi hatası
olduğunu söylemeye devam etti.
Part of speech : consolation n.

CONSOLIDATE

Vocabulary Item : consolidate (v)

Synonym : strenghten, fortify
Antonym : weaken, dissect
Turkish Definition : güçlendirmek, sağlamlaştırmak
Example sentence : She hoped that marriage would consolidate their relationship
Translation : Evliliğin, ilişkilerini kuvvetlendireceğini umuyordu.
Part of speech : consolidation n.

CONSPIRACY

Vocabulary Item : conspiracy (n)

Synonym : intrigue, trickery
Turkish Definition : entrika, söylenti
Example sentence : I think there was a conspiracy to keep me out of the committee
Translation : Bence, beni komitenin dışında tutmak için bir entrika vardı.

CONSTITUTE

Vocabulary Item : constitute (v)

Synonym : compose, make up, form
Antonym : destroy, collapse
Turkish Definition : oluşturmak
Example sentence : The under-18s constitute nearly 25% of the town's population
Translation : 18 yaş altındakiler kasaba nüfusunun yaklaşık % 25 ini
oluşturuyor.
Part of speech : constitution n. n

CONSTRAIN

Vocabulary Item : constrain (v)

Synonym : force, compel, oblige, limit
Turkish Definition : zorlamak, baskı altına almak, sınırlamak

43
Example sentence : The country's progress was constrained by a leader who refused
to look forward
Translation : Ülkenin gelişimi, ileriyi göremeyen bir lider yüzünden sınırlandı.
Part of speech : constraint n. constrained adj.

CONSUME

Vocabulary Item : consume (v)

Synonym : use up, deplete
Antonym : produce, manufacture
Turkish Definition : tüketmek
Example sentence : He consumes vast quantities of chips with every meal.
Translation : Her öğünde çok fazla miktarda cips tüketiyor.
Part of speech : consumption n.

CONTAIN

Vocabulary Item : contain (v)

Synonym : consist of, include, consist of
Antonym : exclude
Turkish Definition : içermek
Example sentence : I've lost a file containing a lot of important documents
Translation : Çok önemli belgeleri içeren bir dosyayı kaybettim.
Part of speech : container n. containerize v.

CONTAMINATE

Vocabulary Item : contaminate (v)

Synonym : pollute
Antonym : purify, cleanse
Turkish Definition : kirletmek
Example sentence : Much of the coast has been contaminated by nuclear waste
Translation : Sahilin büyük bölümü nükleer atık nedeniyle kirlendi.
Part of speech : contamination

CONTEMPLATE

Vocabulary Item : contemplate

Synonym : think of, consider
Turkish Definition : düşünmek, tasarlamak
Example sentence I'm contemplating going abroad for a year
Translation : Bir yıllığına yurt dışına çıkmayı düşünüyorum.
Part of speech : contemplation n.

CONTEMPORARY

Vocabulary Item : contemporary (adj)

Synonym : modern
Antonym : old-fashioned, ancient
Turkish Definition : çağdaş
Example sentence : Most of the writers he was contemporary with were interested
in the same subjects
Translation : Çağdaşı olduğu yazarların çoğu aynı konularla ilgilendi.

44
Part of speech : contemporary n.

CONTEMPT

Vocabulary Item : contempt (n)

Synonym : abhorance, disdain
Antonym : respect, admire
Turkish Definition : aşağılama, küçük görme
Example sentence : At school she had complete contempt for all her teachers
Translation :
Part of speech : contemptible

CONTEND

Vocabulary Item : contend

Synonym : claim, assert, allege, maintain
Turkish Definition : iddia etmek, öne sürmek
Example sentence : The lawyer contended (that) her client had never been near the
scene of the crime
Translation :

CONTENT

Vocabulary Item : content (adj)

Synonym : satisfied, pleased, contended
Antonym : dissatisfied
Turkish Definition : hoşnut, memnun
Example sentence : He seems fairly content with (his) life.
Translation :
Part of speech : content n. contented adj contentedly adv.

CONTENTIOUS

Vocabulary Item : contentious (adj)

Synonym : controversial
Antonym : clear, concise, undisputed
Turkish Definition : tartışmalı, çelişkili
Example sentence : She has some rather contentious views on education
Translation :
Part of speech : contention n. contentiousness n.

CONTEST

Vocabulary Item : contest (v)

Synonym : challenge, dispute, compete for
Turkish Definition : yarışmak, mücadele etmek
Example sentence : The medal is being keenly contested by eight gymnasts
Translation :
Part of speech : contest n.

CONTRADICT

45
Vocabulary Item : contradict (v)
Synonym : counter, oppose,
Antonym : accept,
Turkish Definition : aksini söylemek, çelişmek
Example sentence : He kept contradicting himself when we were arguing
Translation :
Part of speech : contradiction n.

CONTRIVE

Vocabulary Item : contrive (v)

Synonym : invent, devise, manage
Antonym : fail
Turkish Definition : icat etmek, yaratmak
Example sentence : Somehow she contrived to get tickets for the concert
Translation :
Part of speech : contrivance n.

CONTROVERSIAL

Vocabulary Item : controversial (adj)

Synonym : debatable, arguable
Antonym : undebetable, undisputed
Turkish Definition : çelişkili, tartışmalı
Example sentence : The book was on a very controversial issue.
Translation :
Part of speech : controversy n.

CONVENE

Vocabulary Item : convene (v)

Synonym : meet, assemble
Antonym : dismiss
Turkish Definition : toplanmak
Example sentence : The council will be convening on the morning of the 25th.
Translation :
Part of speech : convention n.

CONVENIENT

Vocabulary Item : convenient (adj)

Synonym : suitable, appropriate
Antonym : inconvenient, useless, awkward
Turkish Definition : uygun, elverişli
Example sentence : What time would it be convenient for me to come round
Translation :
Part of speech : conveniently adv. convenience n.

CONVERT

Vocabulary Item : convert (v)

Synonym : turn into, alter, change, transform
Antonym : keep stable

46
Turkish Definition : dönüştürmek, değiştirmek
Example sentence : He converted to (= starting believing in) Catholicism when he
got married
Translation :
Part of speech : convert n. conversion n.

CONVEY

Vocabulary Item : convey (v)

Synonym : carry, transfer, move
Turkish Definition : taşımak, nakletmek
Example sentence : Could you convey a message to Mr Merrick for me, please?
Translation :
Part of speech : conveyance n.

CONVICT

Vocabulary Item : convict (v) (of)

Synonym : find guilty
Antonym : acquit
Turkish Definition : mahkum etmek, tutuklamak
Example sentence : He has twice been convicted of robbery/arson
Translation :
Part of speech : conviction n.

CONVINCE

Vocabulary Item : convince (v)

Synonym : persuade, win over, bring round
Antonym : deter
Turkish Definition : ikna etmek
Example sentence : He managed to convince the jury of his innocence
Translation :
Part of speech : convinced

COPE WITH

Vocabulary Item : cope with (v)

Synonym : deal with, manage, get by
Antonym : ignore
Turkish Definition : başa çıkmak, uğraşmak
Example sentence : It must be difficult to cope with three small children and a job
Translation :

CORPORATE

Vocabulary Item : corporate (adj)

Synonym : commercial
Antonym : individual
Turkish Definition : ticari, şirkete ait
Example sentence : All adults take corporate responsibility for the upbringing of the
tribe's children
Translation :

47
Part of speech : corporation n.

CORRESPONDING

Vocabulary Item : corresponding (adj)

Synonym : equivalent, matching, parallel
Antonym : irrelevant
Turkish Definition : denk, tekabül eden
Example sentence : As the course becomes more difficult, there's usually a
corresponding drop in attendance
Translation :
Part of speech : correspond v. correspondence n. correspondingly adv.

CORROBORATE

Vocabulary Item : corroborate (v)

Synonym : confirm, back up, sıpport
Antonym : refuse, reject, invalidate
Turkish Definition : doğrulamak, teyit etmek
Example sentence : Recent research seems to corroborate his theory.
Translation :
Part of speech : corroboration n.

CORRUPT

Vocabulary Item : corrupt (adj)

Synonym : dishonest, immoral
Antonym : honest, virtuous
Turkish Definition : rüşvet alan, ahlaksız
Example sentence : The whole system was corrupt - every official she approached
wanted money before helping her.
Translation :
Part of speech : corruption n. corrupt v. corruptible adj.

COURAGEOUS

Vocabulary Item : courageous (adj)

Synonym : brave, bold, daring
Antonym : coward, timid, fearful
Turkish Definition : cesur, cesaretli
Example sentence : It was a courageous decision to resign.
Translation :
Part of speech : courage (n)

COURSE

Vocabulary Item : course (n)

Synonym : route, way, direction, drift
Turkish Definition : seyir, akış, yol, yön
Example sentence : The pilot avoided a collision by changing course
Translation :

48
CRAFT

Vocabulary Item : craft (n)

Synonym : talent, ability, gift, knack
Turkish Definition : beceri, hüner
Example sentence : the craft of furniture making is very difficult.
Translation :
Part of speech : craft v. craftsman n.

CREDIBLE

Vocabulary Item : credible (adj)

Synonym : believable
Antonym : unbeliavable, incredible, unlikely
Turkish Definition : inanılabilir
Example sentence : They haven't produced any credible evidence for convicting him
Translation :
Part of speech : credibly adv.

CREEP

Vocabulary Item : creep (v)

Synonym : crawl, sneak, wriggle
Antonym : run, walk
Turkish Definition : sürünmek
Example sentence The spider crept up the wall.
Translation :
Part of speech : creeping adj

CRUCIAL

Vocabulary Item : crucial (adj)

Synonym : important, vital, significant
Antonym : trivial, unimportant
Turkish Definition : önemli
Example sentence : It is crucial that the problem is tackled immediately.
Translation :
Part of speech : crucially adv.

CRUDE

Vocabulary Item : crude

Synonym : raw, unrefined, unprocessed, simple
Antonym : refined, processed
Turkish Definition : ham, işlenmemiş
Example sentence The soldiers used crude weapons
Translation :
Part of speech : crudely adv. crudeness n.

49
CRUEL

Vocabulary Item : cruel (adj)

Synonym : brutal, merciless, pitiless
Antonym : merciful, gentle
Turkish Definition : zalim, acımasız, merhametsiz
Example sentence Children can be very cruel to each other
Translation :
Part of speech : cruelty n.

CULMINATE

Vocabulary Item : culminate (v)

Synonym : reach the top
Antonym : come to the bottom, fall
Turkish Definition : zirveye ulaşmak
Example sentence : Their many years of research have finally culminated in a cure
for the disease.
Translation :
Part of speech : culmination n.

CULPRIT

Vocabulary Item : culprit (n)

Synonym : guilty, cause, reason, criminal
Antonym : innocent
Turkish Definition : suçlu
Example sentence : Police hope the public will help them find the culprits
Translation :

CULTIVATE

Vocabulary Item : cultivate (v)

Synonym : refine, make it ready for crops
Antonym : deteriorate, make worse
Turkish Definition : toprağı işlemek
Example sentence : Most of the land there is too poor to cultivate
Translation :
Part of speech : cultivation n.

CURE

Vocabulary Item : cure (v)

Synonym : treat, heal, find remedy
Antonym : make worse, get ill
Turkish Definition : tedavi etmek, iyileştirmek
Example sentence : At one time the doctors couldn't cure TB/cure people of TB
Translation :
Part of speech : cure n.

CURB

50
Vocabulary Item : curb (v)
Synonym : control, check
Antonym : indulge
Turkish Definition : kontrol altına almak
Example sentence : The Government should act to curb tax evasion.
Translation :
Part of speech : curb n.

CURIOSITY

Vocabulary Item : curiosity (n)

Synonym : interest, inquisitive
Antonym : being indifferent
Turkish Definition : merak, ilgi
Example sentence : I'm burning with curiosity - you must tell me who's won
Translation :
Part of speech : curious adj.

CURTAIL

Vocabulary Item : curtail (v)

Synonym : reduce, decrease, abate, lessen
Antonym : increase, enhance
Turkish Definition : azaltmak, kısaltmak
Example sentence : The last government severely curtailed trade union rights.
Translation :
Part of speech : curtailment n.

CUSTODY

Vocabulary Item : custody (n)

Synonym : confinement, jail
Antonym : release
Turkish Definition : nezaret, velayet
Example sentence : The mother got/received custody (of the child).
Translation :
Part of speech : custodial adj.

D
51
DAMAGE

Vocabulary Item : damage (n)

Synonym : harm, injury
Antonym : benefit
Turkish Definition : zarar, ziyan
Example sentence : Many buildings were badly damaged during the war
Translation :
Part of speech : damages (tazminat) n.

DARING

Vocabulary Item : daring (adj)

Synonym : brave, bold, courageous, dauntless
Antonym : coward
Turkish Definition : cesaretli, cüretkar
Example sentence : She was wearing a rather daring (= sexually exciting) skirt
Translation :
Part of speech : dare v.

DAWN

Vocabulary Item : dawn (n).

Synonym : sunrise
Antonym : sunset, end
Turkish Definition : şafak, gündoğuşu
Example sentence : We left as dawn was breaking
Translation :
Part of speech : dawn v.

DAZZLE

Vocabulary Item : dazzle (v)

Synonym : impress, astonish, surprise, perplex
Turkish Definition : şaşırtmak, etkilemek
Example sentence : I was dazzled by his charm and good looks
Translation :
Part of speech : dazzling adj.

DEAL

Vocabulary Item : deal (n)

Synonym : agreement
Antonym : disagreement
Turkish Definition : anlaşma, uzlaşma

52
Example sentence 1) : I'll make/do a deal with you - you wash the car and I'll let you
use it tonight
Translation :
Part of speech : dealer n.

DEAL WITH

Vocabulary Item : deal with (v)

Synonym : cope with, handle, tackle
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : başetmek, ele almak
Example sentence : Her new film deals with the relationship between a woman and
her sick daughter
Translation :

7. DEBATE

Vocabulary Item : debate (n)

Synonym : discussion, arguement
Antonym : agreement
Turkish Definition : tartışma
Example sentence : Education is the current focus of public debate
Translation :
Part of speech : debatable adj.

8. DECADE

Vocabulary Item : decade (n)

Synonym : a 10-year period
Turkish Definition : on yıl
Example sentence :
Translation :

9. DECADENCE

Vocabulary Item : decadence (n)

Synonym : corruption
Turkish Definition : çürüme, bozulma
Example sentence : Western decadence affected the whole world.
Translation :
Part of speech : decay v.

DECEIT

Vocabulary Item : deceit (n)

Synonym : deception, fraud, cheating
Antonym : honesty, sincerity
Turkish Definition : aldatma

53
Example sentence : When the newspapers published the full story, all his earlier
deceits were revealed
Translation :
Part of speech : deceitful adj.

DECENCY

Vocabulary Item : decency (n)

Synonym : morality, propriety, modesty
Antonym : indecency
Turkish Definition : uygunluk, edepli olma
Example sentence : She didn't even have the decency to apologize
Translation :
Part of speech :decent adj. decently adv.

DECENT

Vocabulary Item : decent (n)

Synonym : appropriate, suitable, proper
Antonym : improper,
Turkish Definition : uygun
Example sentence : Everyone should be entitled to a decent wage/standard of living
Translation :
Part of speech : decency n. decently adv.

DECEPTION

Vocabulary Item : deception (n)

Synonym : deceiving, dishonesty, trickery
Antonym : honesty
Turkish Definition : aldatma, hilekarlık
Example sentence : He was found guilty of obtaining money by deception
Translation :
Part of speech : deceive v.

DECLINE

Vocabulary Item : decline (v)

Synonym : decrease, fall, refuse
Antonym : increase, accept
Turkish Definition : düşüş, azalma, reddetme
Example sentence : His interest in the project declined after his wife died
Translation :
Part of speech : decline n.

15. DECREE

Vocabulary Item : decree (v)

Synonym : declare, rule, command
Turkish Definition : kararlaştırmak
Example sentence : The local council has decreed that the hospital should close
Translation :
Part of speech : decree (n)

54
DEDICATE

Vocabulary Item : dedicate (v) (to)

Synonym : devote (to)
Antonym : desecrate
Turkish Definition : adamak
Example sentence : He has dedicated his life to scientific research.
Translation :
Part of speech : dedication n.

DEDUCE FROM

Vocabulary Item : deduce from (v)

Synonym : infer from
Antonym : guess, predict
Turkish Definition : çıkarım yapmak
Example sentence : The police have deduced that he must have left his apartment
yesterday evening
Translation :
Part of speech : deduction n.

DEFEAT

Vocabulary Item : defeat (v)

Synonym : beat, overcome
Antonym : win, gain
Turkish Definition : yenmek, bozguna uğratmak
Example sentence : If we can defeat the Italian team, we'll be through to the final
Translation :
Part of speech : defeat n.

DEFECT

Vocabulary Item : defect (n)

Synonym : fault, error
Antonym : perfection
Turkish Definition : kusur, eksiklik
Example sentence : There are so many defects in our education system
Translation :
Part of speech : defective adj.

DEFER

Vocabulary Item : defer (v)

Synonym : put off, postpone
Antonym : hurry, hasten, quicken
Turkish Definition : ertelemek
Example sentence : Can we defer making a decision until next week
Translation :
Part of speech : deferment n.

DEFY

55
Vocabulary Item : defy (v)
Synonym : challenge, dare, oppose
Antonym : cower, shrink
Turkish Definition : meydan okumak
Example sentence : A few workers have defied the majority decision and gone into
work despite the strike
Translation :
Part of speech : defiance n.

DEFICIENCY

Vocabulary Item : deficiency (n)

Synonym : inadequacy, insufficiency, lack
Antonym : abundance, plenty, profusion
Turkish Definition : eksiklik
Example sentence : Pregnant women often suffer from iron deficiency
Translation :
Part of speech : deficit n.

DEFINITE

Vocabulary Item : definite (adj)

Synonym : specific, particular, exact, precise
Antonym : vague, ambiguous,
Turkish Definition : kesin, belirgin
Example sentence : The date for the meeting is now definite: 5th March.
Translation :
Part of speech : definitive adj. definitely adv.

DELAY

Vocabulary Item : delay (v)

Synonym : defer, put off, postpone
Antonym : advance, hasten
Turkish Definition : geciktirmek
Example sentence : My plane was delayed by an hour
Translation :
Part of speech : delay n. delayed adj.

DELIBERATELY

Vocabulary Item : deliberately (adv)

Synonym : intentionally, on purpose
Antonym : accidentally, by chance
Turkish Definition : kasıtlı, bilerek
Example sentence : I'm sure he says these things deliberately (= intentionally) to
annoy me.
Translation :
Part of speech : deliberate (adj) deliberation n.

DELICATE

56
Vocabulary Item : delicate (adj)
Synonym : fragile, subtle
Antonym : coarse, thick, strong
Turkish Definition : kırılgan, ince, zarif
Example sentence : Delicate plants need to be kept in a greenhouse during the
winter
Translation :
Part of speech : delicacy n.

DELINQUENCY

Vocabulary Item : delinquency (n)

Synonym : misdeed, misconduct
Antonym : innocence
Turkish Definition : suçluluk
Example sentence : There is a high rate of juvenile delinquency in this area
Translation :
Part of speech : delinquent adj.

DELINEATE

Vocabulary Item : delineate (v)

Synonym : describe, portray
Antonym : mispresent, exaggerate
Turkish Definition : tasvir etmek, betimlemek
Example sentence : The main characters are clearly delineated in the first chapter of
the book
Translation :
Part of speech : delineation n.

DELUSION

Vocabulary Item : delusion (n)

Synonym : illusion, fallacy, deception
Turkish Definition : yanılma, hile
Example sentence : He's under the delusion that he will be promoted this year
Translation :
Part of speech : delusive adj. delusively adv.

DEMOLISH

Vocabulary Item : demolish (v)

Synonym : destroy, pull down, collapse
Antonym : erect, build, construct

57
Turkish Definition : yıkmak, çökertmek
Example sentence : A number of houses were demolished so that the supermarket
could be built
Translation :
Part of speech : demolition n.

DEMONSTRATE

Vocabulary Item : demonstrate (v)

Synonym : show, display, indicate
Antonym : hide, disprove
Turkish Definition : göstermek
Example sentence : These problems demonstrate the importance of strategic
planning
Translation :
Part of speech : demonstration n.

DENOUNCE

Vocabulary Item : denounce (v)

Synonym : condemn
Antonym : praise
Turkish Definition : kınamak
Example sentence : The government's economic policy has been denounced on all
sides
Translation :
Part of speech : denunciation n.

DENSITY

Vocabulary Item : density (n)

Synonym : solidity, massiveness
Antonym : being sparse or scattered
Turkish Definition : yoğunluk
Example sentence : The area has a high/low population density
Translation :
Part of speech : dense adj.

DEPART

Vocabulary Item : depart (v)

Synonym : leave, set off
Antonym : arrive, come
Turkish Definition : ayrılmak
Example sentence : The train for London departs from Platform 2
Translation :
Part of speech : departure n.

DEPICT

Vocabulary Item : depict

Synonym : show, represent, draw
Antonym : hide
Turkish Definition : göstermek

58
Example sentence : Her paintings depict the lives of ordinary people in the last
century
Translation :
Part of speech : depiction n.

DEPLETE

Vocabulary Item : deplete (v)

Synonym : use up, consume, exhaust
Antonym : produce, manufacture
Turkish Definition : tüketmek
Example sentence : If we continue to deplete the Earth's natural esources, we will
cause serious damage to the environment
Translation :
Part of speech : depletion n.

DEPLORE

Vocabulary Item : deplore (v)

Synonym : regret, feel sorry
Antonym : feel happy, be pleased
Turkish Definition : üzüntü duymak
Example sentence : We deeply deplore the loss of life.
Translation :
Part of speech : deplorable adj deplorably adv.

DEPRECIATE

Vocabulary Item : depreciate (v)

Synonym : decline in value
Antonym : appreciate
Turkish Definition : değer kaybet(tir)mek
Example sentence : Our car depreciated (by) £1500 in the first year we owned it.
Translation : Arabamız aldığımız ilk yıl 1500 pound değer kaybetti.
Part of speech : depreciation n.

DEPRIVE

Vocabulary Item : deprive (v) (of)

Synonym : take away
Antonym : provide, supply
Turkish Definition : yoksun bırakmak
Example sentence : You can't function properly when you're deprived of sleep.
Translation : Uykudan yoksun kaldığında normal hareket edemezsin.
Part of speech : deprivation n.

DESCEND

Vocabulary Item : descend (v)

Synonym : drop, fall, go down
Antonym : ascend
Turkish Definition : inmek, alçalmak
Example sentence : Jane descended the stairs
Translation : Jane merdivenlerden indi.

59
Part of speech : descent n.

DESCENT

Vocabulary Item : descent (n)

Synonym : ancestry, origin
Turkish Definition : soy, köken
Example sentence : She's a woman of mixed/French descent
Translation : O Fransız soyundan bir bayandır.

DESERT

Vocabulary Item : desert (v)

Synonym : abandon, give up
Antonym : arrive, hug
Turkish Definition : terketmek
Example sentence : He deserted his wife and family for another woman
Translation : Başka bir kadın için karısını ve ailesini terketti.
Part of speech : deserted adj. desertion n.

DESERVE

Vocabulary Item : deserve (v)

Synonym : merit, to be entitled to
Antonym : lose, miss
Turkish Definition : haketmek, layık olmak
Example sentence : I hope they get the punishment they deserve.
Translation : Umarım hakettikleri cezayı alırlar.
Part of speech : deserved adj. deservedly adv. deserving adj.

DESPAIR

Vocabulary Item : despair (v)

Synonym : lose all hope
Antonym : endure
Turkish Definition : umudunu yitirmek
Example sentence : Don't despair! We'll find a way out!
Translation : Umudunu kaybetme ! Bir çıkış yolu bulacağız.
Part of speech : despair n.

DESPISE

Vocabulary Item : despise (v)

Synonym : look down on, scorn, dislike
Antonym : appraise, respect, regard
Turkish Definition : aşağılamak, küçümsemek
Example sentence : She despised him for the way he treated her sister
Translation : Kızkardeşine davranma tarzından dolayı onu aşağıladı.
Part of speech : despicable adj. despicably adv.

60
DESTINY

Vocabulary Item : destiny (n)

Synonym : fate, lot, fortune
Turkish Definition : kader
Example sentence : The destiny of our nation depends on this vote!
Translation : Milletimizin kaderi bu oylara bağlıdır.
Part of speech : destination n.

DETECT

Vocabulary Item : detect (v)

Synonym : notice, discover, distinguish
Antonym : ignore
Turkish Definition : farketmek, tespit etmek
Example sentence : Some sounds cannot be detected by the human ear.
Translation : Bazı sesler insan kulağı tarafından ayırt edilemez.
Part of speech : detection n. detectable adj. detection n. detector

DETENTION

Vocabulary Item : detention (n)

Synonym : arrest, custody
Antonym : release
Turkish Definition : gözaltına alma
Example sentence : The detention of the suspect by the police was not as difficult as
it was expected
Translation : Şüphelinin polis tarafından gözaltına alınması beklendiği
kadar zor olmadı.
Part of speech : detain v. detainee n. detention n.

DETER

Vocabulary Item : deter (v) (from)

Synonym : discourage, dissuade
Antonym : encourage
Turkish Definition : caydırmak
Example sentence : High prices are deterring many young people from buying
houses
Translation : Yüksek fiyatlar birçok genç insanı ev almaktan
caydırıyor.
Part of speech : deterrence n.

DETERIORATE

Vocabulary Item : deteriorate (v)

Synonym : get worse
Antonym : improve
Turkish Definition : kötüleşmek, bozulmak
Example sentence : The political situation in the region has deteriorated rapidly
Translation : Bölgedeki siyasi durum hızla bozuldu.
Part of speech : deterioration n.

61
DETERMINE

Vocabulary Item : determine (v)

Synonym : decide, ascertain
Antonym : vacillate, waver
Turkish Definition : karar vermek
Example sentence : People should be allowed to determine their own future
Translation : İnsanların kendi geleceklerine karar vermelerine izin
verilmelidir.
Part of speech : determination n.

DETRIMENT

Vocabulary Item : detriment (n) (of)

Synonym : harm, damage
Antonym : benefit, remedy, improvement
Turkish Definition : zarar, ziyan
Example sentence : Are you sure that I can follow this diet without detriment to my
health?
Translation : Bu diyeti sağlığıma zarar vermeden
uygulayabileceğime eminmisiniz?
Part of speech : detrimental adj

DEVASTATE

Vocabulary Item : devastate (v)

Synonym : destroy, wreck, ruin
Antonym : build up, erect, restore
Turkish Definition : yıkmak, tahrip etmek
Example sentence : The villages of thousands of people were devastated; therefore
they fled to the mountains.
Translation :
Part of speech : devastating adj. devastated adj. devastation n.

DEVIATE

Vocabulary Item : deviate (v)

Synonym : move away, diverge
Antonym : adhere, coincide, converge
Turkish Definition : sapmak, yön değiştirmek
Example sentence : The recent pattern of weather deviates from the norm for this
time of year.
Translation :

62
Part of speech : deviation n.

DEVOID

Vocabulary Item : devoid (adj) (of)

Synonym : lacking
Antonym : full, supplied, provided
Turkish Definition : yoksun
Example sentence : Their apartment is devoid of all comforts
Translation :

DEVOUT

Vocabulary Item : devout (adj)

Synonym : religious
Antonym : irreligious, indifferent
Turkish Definition : dindar
Example sentence : He is a devout churchgoer
Translation :
Part of speech : devoutly adv. devoutness n.

DIFFERENTIATE

Vocabulary Item : differentiate (v)

Synonym : discriminate, distinguish
Antonym : unite, generalize
Turkish Definition : ayırtetmek
Example sentence : We do not differentiate between our workers on the basis of
their background or ethnic origin.
Translation :
Part of speech : differentiation n.

DIFFUSE

Vocabulary Item : diffuse (v)

Synonym : scatter, spread
Antonym : assemble, draw
Turkish Definition : yaymak
Example sentence : Oxygen diffuses from the lungs into the bloodstream
Translation :
Part of speech : diffusion n. diffuse adj.

DILATE

Vocabulary Item : dilate (v)

Synonym : expand, enlarge
Antonym : minimize, compress
Turkish Definition : genişlemek
Example sentence : The pupils of the eyes dilate as darkness increases
Translation :
Part of speech : dilation

63
DILEMMA

Vocabulary Item : dilemma (n)

Synonym : controversy
Turkish Definition : ikilem, çelişki
Example sentence : The President is clearly in a dilemma about/over how to tackle
the crisis.
Translation :

DILIGENT

Vocabulary Item : diligent (adj)

Synonym : hardworking, studious, industrious
Antonym : lazy,
Turkish Definition : çalışkan
Example sentence : Their lawyer was extremely diligent in preparing their case.
Translation :
Part of speech : diligence n.

DIM

Vocabulary Item : dim (adj)

Synonym : not bright, darkish
Antonym : bright
Turkish Definition : karanlık, loş
Example sentence : He sat in a dim corner of the waiting-room
Translation :
Part of speech : dim v. dimly adv. dimness n.

DIMINISH

Vocabulary Item : diminish (v)

Synonym : decrease, abate, allay, subside
Antonym : increase, magnify, expand
Turkish Definition : azal(t)mak
Example sentence : We've seen our house diminish greatly/sharply/substantially in
value over the last six months
Translation :
Part of speech : diminution n.

DISASTER

Vocabulary Item : disaster (n)

Synonym : calamity, catastrophe
Antonym : prosperity, blessing
Turkish Definition : felaket
Example sentence : This is one of the worst natural disasters ever to befall the are
Translation :
Part of speech : disastrous adj.

DISCERN

64
Vocabulary Item : discern (v)
Synonym : perceive, notice, see
Antonym : neglect, miss, overlook
Turkish Definition : algılamak
Example sentence : I could just discern a figure in the darkness
Translation :
Part of speech : discernible adj. discernibly adv.

DISCREPANCY

Vocabulary Item : discrepancy (n)

Synonym : difference, inconsistency
Antonym : similarity
Turkish Definition : tutarsızlık, farklılık
Example sentence : There is some discrepancy between the two accounts
Translation :
Part of speech : discrepant adj.

DISCREET

Vocabulary Item : discreet (adj)

Synonym : wise, discerning, considerate
Antonym : careless, reckless, foolish
Turkish Definition : ayrı, belirgin, akıllı, gizli
Example sentence : The family made discreet enquiries about his background
Translation :
Part of speech : discretion

DISCRIMINATE

Vocabulary Item : discriminate (v)

Synonym : differentiate, distinguish
Antonym : She felt she had been discriminated against because of her age.
Turkish Definition : ayırdetmek
Example sentence : She felt she had been discriminated against because of her age.
Translation :
Part of speech : discrimination n. discriminatory n.

DISDAIN

Vocabulary Item : disdain (n)

Synonym : scorn, despise, disregard
Antonym : respect, admire
Turkish Definition : küçümseme, hor görme

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Example sentence : He regards the political process with disdain
Translation :
Part of speech : disdainful (adj)

68. DISMAY

Vocabulary Item : dismay (v)

Synonym : discourage, appall, frighten
Antonym : encourage
Turkish Definition : korkutmak, cesaretini kırmak
Example sentence 1) : The supporters watched in/with dismay as their team lost 6-0
Translation :
Part of speech : dismay n.

DISMISS

Vocabulary Item : dismiss (v)

Synonym : fire, sack
Antonym : employ, recruit
Turkish Definition : kovmak
Example sentence : He has been dismissed from his job for incompetence
Translation :
Part of speech : dismissal n.

DISPARITY

Vocabulary Item : disparity (n)

Synonym : difference, gap
Antonym : the disparity between rich and poor is growing
Turkish Definition : farklılık
Example sentence :
Translation :

DISPENSE

Vocabulary Item : dispense (v) (with)

Synonym : do without
Antonym : have, possess, own
Turkish Definition : -sız yapmak
Example sentence : They've had to dispense with a lot of luxuries since Mike lost his
job
Translation :

DISPERSE

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Vocabulary Item : disperse (v)
Synonym : scatter, dispel, diffuse
Antonym : gather, collect, concentrate
Turkish Definition : dağıtmak, dağılmak
Example sentence : When the rain came down the crowds started to disperse
Translation :
Part of speech : dispersal n. dispersion n.

DISPLAY

Vocabulary Item : display (v)

Synonym : show, exhibit, portray
Antonym : hide
Turkish Definition : göstermek, sergilemek
Example sentence : The British traditionally tend not to display much emotion in
public
Translation :
Part of speech : display n.

DISPOSE

Vocabulary Item : dispose (v) (of)

Synonym : throw out, get rid of, discard
Antonym : absorb, take in
Turkish Definition : atmak, kurtulmak, yenmek
Example sentence : It took a mere five minutes for the world champion to dispose
of (= defeat) his opponent
Translation :
Part of speech : disposal n.

DISPUTE

Vocabulary Item : dispute (v)

Synonym : debate, argue
Antonym : grant, relinguish
Turkish Definition : tartışmak
Example sentence : The circumstances of her death have been hotly disputed.
Translation :
Part of speech : disputed adj. disputable adj. disputation n.

DISRUPT

Vocabulary Item : disrupt (v)

Synonym : interrupt, break, disturb, upset
Antonym : keep in order
Turkish Definition : aksatmak, bozmak
Example sentence : A heavy fall of snow had disrupted the city's transport system
Translation :
Part of speech : disruption n. disruptive adj.

DISSOLVE

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Vocabulary Item : dissolve (v)
Synonym : melt, thaw,
Antonym : solidify
Turkish Definition : eritmek
Example sentence : Nitric acid will dissolve most animal tissue
Translation :

DISTINCTIVE

Vocabulary Item : distinctive (adj)

Synonym : unique, distinguishing
Antonym : indefinite, vague
Turkish Definition : belirgin, ayrı
Example sentence : She's got a very distinctive voice
Translation :
Part of speech : distinction n.

DISTINGUISH

Vocabulary Item : distinguish (v)

Synonym : differentiate
Antonym : unite
Turkish Definition : ayırt etmek, ayırmak
Example sentence : I sometimes have difficulty distinguishing Spanish from
Portuguese
Translation :
Part of speech : distinguished adj.

DIVERGE

Vocabulary Item : diverge (v)

Synonym : deviate, move away
Antonym : join, converge
Turkish Definition : sapmak, yön değiştirmek
Example sentence : They walked along the road together until they reached the
village, but then their paths diverged.
Translation :
Part of speech : divergence n. divergent adj

DIVERT

Vocabulary Item : divert (v)

Synonym : distract, deviate, shift
Turkish Definition : yön değiştirmek
Example sentence : Our flight had to be diverted to Stansted because of the storm.
Translation :
Part of speech : deviersion n.

DIVINE

Vocabulary Item : divine (adj)

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Synonym : godlike, heavenly
Antonym : human, earthly
Turkish Definition : ilahi, tanrısal
Example sentence : Some fans seem to regard footballers as divine beings
Translation :

DOMINATE

Vocabulary Item : dominate (v)

Synonym : manage, rule smb
Antonym : be inferior
Turkish Definition : baskın olma hakim olmak
Example sentence : He refuses to let others speak and dominates every meeting
Translation :
Part of speech : dominating adj. domination n.
DONATE

Vocabulary Item : donate (v)

Synonym : give, contribute
Antonym : take, get,obtain
Turkish Definition : bağış yapmak
Example sentence : An anonymous businesswoman donated one million dollars to
the charity
Translation :
Part of speech : donation n.

DRASTIC

Vocabulary Item : drastic (adj)

Synonym : radical, far-reaching
Antonym : known, usual
Turkish Definition : köklü, sert
Example sentence The government must take drastic measures
Translation :
Part of speech : drastically adv.

DRAWBACK

Vocabulary Item : drawback (n)

Synonym : pitfall, shortcoming, disadvantage, obstacle
Antonym : advantage, merit, plus
Turkish Definition : kusur, sakınca
Example sentence : One of the drawbacks of living with someone is having to share
a bathroom
Translation :

DROUGHT

Vocabulary Item : drought (n)

Synonym : dry season
Antonym : wet season, precipitation.
Turkish Definition : kuraklık
Example sentence This year (a) severe drought has ruined the crops.
Translation :

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DULL

Vocabulary Item : dull (adj)

Synonym : boring, tedious
Antonym : enjoyable, entertaining
Turkish Definition : sıkıcı
Example sentence He's pleasant enough, but deadly dull (= very boring).
Translation :
Part of speech : dullness n. dully adv.

DURABLE

Vocabulary Item : durable (adj)

Synonym : long-lasting, strong, enduring
Antonym : perishable
Turkish Definition : dayanıklı
Example sentence The machines have to be made of durable materials
Translation :
Part of speech : durability

DWARF

Vocabulary Item : dwarf (n)

Synonym : very short person
Antonym : tall
Turkish Definition : cüce
Example sentence Snow White and the Seven Dwarves is known by everybody.
Translation :
Part of speech : dwarf v.

DWELL

Vocabulary Item : dwell (v) (on)

Synonym : live, inhabit
Antonym : visit
Turkish Definition : yaşamak, yerleşmek
Example sentence She dwelt in remote parts of Asia for many years.
Translation :
Part of speech : dweller n. dwelling n.

DWINDLE

Vocabulary Item : dwindle (v)

Synonym : decrease, diminish, alleviate, diminish
Antonym : grow, increase
Turkish Definition : azalmak

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Example sentence : The community has dwindled to a tenth of its former size in the
last two years.
Translation :
Part of speech : dwindling adj.

E
EASE

Vocabulary Item : ease (v)

Synonym : make easier, facilitate, lessen, alleviate
Antonym : aggravate
Turkish Definition : kolaylaştırmak, azal(t)mak
Example sentence These pills should ease the pain
Translation :
Part of speech : ease n.

EDIBLE

Vocabulary Item : edible (adj)

Synonym : can be eaten
Antonym : inedible
Turkish Definition : yenilebilir
Example sentence :Only the leaves of the plant are edible
Translation :

EFFECT

Vocabulary Item : effect (n)

Synonym : influence, impact
Turkish Definition : etki
Example sentence : The radiation leak has had a disastrous effect on/upon the
environment.
Translation :
Part of speech : affect v. effective adj. effectively adv.

EFFICIENCY

Vocabulary Item : efficiency (n)

Synonym : effectiveness
Antonym : ineffectiveness, incompetence
Turkish Definition : verimlilik, etkili olma
Example sentence : What is so impressive about their society is the efficiency of the
public services.
Translation :

71
Part of speech : efficient adj.

EJECT

Vocabulary Item : eject (v)

Synonym : force out, evict
Antonym : retain, absorb, take in
Turkish Definition : çıkartmak
Example sentence : The coffee machine suddenly ejected a handful of coins.
Translation :
Part of speech : ejection n.

ELABORATE

Vocabulary Item : elaborate (adj)

Synonym : detailed, complicated, intricate
Antonym : simple, unadorned
Turkish Definition : ayrıntılı, karmaşık
Example sentence : They're making the most elaborate preparations for the
wedding.
Translation :
Part of speech : elaboration n. elaborately adv.

ELEVATE

Vocabulary Item : elevate (v)

Synonym : raise, heighten, lift up
Antonym : lower,degrade
Turkish Definition : yükseltmek
Example sentence : The platform was elevated by means of hydraulic legs
Translation :
Part of speech : elevator n.

ELICIT

Vocabulary Item : elicit (v)

Synonym : obtain, get, extract, evoke, draw out
Antonym : gve away, donate
Turkish Definition : almak, elde etmek, ortaya çıkarmak
Example sentence : They were able to elicit the support of the public
Translation :

ELIGIBLE

Vocabulary Item : eligible (adj)

Synonym : suitable, appropriate
Antonym : ineligible, ordinary
Turkish Definition : uygun
Example sentence : Only people over 18 are eligible to vote.
Translation :
Part of speech : eligibility n.

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ELIMINATE

Vocabulary Item : eliminate (v)

Synonym : get rid of, eradicate, do away with
Antonym : recruit, employ
Turkish Definition : ortadan kaldırmak, elemek
Example sentence He was eliminated in the third round of the competition
Translation :
Part of speech : elimination n.

ELUDE

Vocabulary Item : elude (v)

Synonym : escape, evade, avoid
Antonym : achieve, obtain
Turkish Definition : sıyırmak
Example sentence The gold medal continues to elude her.
Translation :

EMANCIPATED

Vocabulary Item : emancipated (v)

Synonym : liberated, free
Antonym : captivate
Turkish Definition : özgür, serbest
Example sentence : The twenties and sixties are often regarded as the most
emancipated decades.
Translation :
Part of speech : emancipate v. emancipation n.

EMBARK

Vocabulary Item : embark (v) (on)

Synonym : start, initiate
Antonym : finish, end
Turkish Definition : başlamak
Example sentence We're embarking upon a new project later this year.
Translation :

EMBEZZLE

Vocabulary Item : embezzle (v)

Synonym : steal
Antonym : donate, give away
Turkish Definition : zimmetine geçirmek
Example sentence She embezzled thousands of dollars from the charity
Translation :
Part of speech : embezzlement n. embezzler n.

EMBODY

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Vocabulary Item : embody (v)
Synonym : symbolize, stand for, represent
Antonym : exclude
Turkish Definition : simgelemek, temsil etmek
Example sentence She embodied good sportsmanship on the playing field
Translation :
Part of speech : embodiment n.

EMERGE

Vocabulary Item : emerge (v) (from)

Synonym : develope out of, come out, appear
Antonym : disappear, depart
Turkish Definition : ortaya çıkmak, -den gelişmek
Example sentence The Prince emerged unscathed from the scandal.
Translation :
Part of speech : emergence n. emerging adj.

EMINENT

Vocabulary Item : eminent (adj)

Synonym : famous, well-known, reputed, prominent
Antonym : notorious, mediocre
Turkish Definition : seçkin, ünlü, bilinen
Example sentence He is though to be an eminent historian
Translation :
Part of speech : eminence n.

EMIT

Vocabulary Item : emit (v)

Synonym : release, send out, give out
Antonym : absorb, retain, withhold
Turkish Definition : yaymak, çıkarmak, salıvermek
Example sentence : The machine emits a high-pitched sound when you press the
button.
Translation :
Part of speech : emission n.

EMPHASIZE

Vocabulary Item : emphasize (v)

Synonym : stress
Antonym : understate
Turkish Definition : vurgulamak
Example sentence : I'd just like to emphasize how important it is for people to learn
foreign languages
Translation :
Part of speech : emphasis n.

EMPIRICAL

Vocabulary Item : empirical (adj)

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Synonym : experimental, empirical
Turkish Definition : deneysel
Example sentence : This theory needs to be backed up with solid empirical
data/evidence.
Translation :
Part of speech : empirically adv. empiricism n. empiricist n.

ENCOUNTER

Vocabulary Item : encounter (v)

Synonym : face, confront
Antonym : escape
Turkish Definition : karşılaşmak
Example sentence : When did you first encounter these difficulties?
Translation :

ENDEAVOR

Vocabulary Item : endeavor (v)

Synonym : strive, try hard
Antonym : ignore
Turkish Definition : çaba göstermek
Example sentence : Engineers are endeavouring to locate the source of the problem
Translation :
Part of speech : endeavor n.

ENDORSE

Vocabulary Item : endorse (v)

Synonym : approve, ratify, support
Turkish Definition : doğrulamak, onaylamak, desteklemek
Example sentence : I fully endorse everything the Chairperson has said.
Translation :
Part of speech :endorsement n.

ENDOW

Vocabulary Item : endow (v)

Synonym : grant, provide, supply
Antonym : deprive, strip
Turkish Definition : bağışlamak, vermek
Example sentence : This hospital was endowed by the citizens of Strasbourg in the
16th century.
Translation :
Part of speech : endowment n.

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ENDURE

Vocabulary Item : endure (v)

Synonym : bear, tolerate, put up with
Antonym : can’t stand, can’t bear
Turkish Definition : dayanmak, katlanmak
Example sentence : She's had to endure three painful operations on her leg.
Translation :
Part of speech : endurance n.

ENHANCE

Vocabulary Item : enhance (v)

Synonym : increase, improve
Antonym : decrease, diminish
Turkish Definition : artırmak
Example sentence : These scandals will not enhance the organization's
reputation/image.
Translation :
Part of speech : enhancement n. enhancer n.

ENLIGHTEN

Vocabulary Item : enlighten (v)

Synonym : shed light on
Antonym : darken
Turkish Definition : aydınlatmak
Example sentence : I don't understand this. Could you enlighten me?
Translation :
Part of speech : enlightened adj. enlightenment n.

ENORMOUS

Vocabulary Item : enormous (adj)

Synonym : tremendous, vast
Antonym : tiny, small
Turkish Definition : büyük, devhassa
Example sentence : He earns an enormous salary.
Translation :
Part of speech : enormously adv. enormousness n.

ENSURE

Vocabulary Item : ensure (v)

Synonym : make sure, secure
Antonym : neglect
Turkish Definition : temin etmek, sağlamak
Example sentence : The airline is taking steps to ensure safety on its aircraft.

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ENTAIL

Vocabulary Item : entail (v)

Synonym : require, necessitate
Antonym : prevent, nullify
Turkish Definition : gerektirmek
Example sentence : Such a large investment inevitably entails some risk
Translation :

ENTERPRISE

Vocabulary Item : enterprise (n)

Synonym : venture, project
Turkish Definition : girişim, teşebbüs
Example sentence : Don't forget this is a commercial enterprise - we're here to
make money
Translation :
Part of speech : enterprising adj.

ENTHUSIASTIC

Vocabulary Item : enthusiastic (adj)

Synonym : eager, earnest
Antonym : unwilling, reluctant
Turkish Definition : istekli, hevesli
Example sentence : You don't seem very enthusiastic about the party - don't you
want to go tonight?
Translation :
Part of speech : enthusiastically adv. enthusiasm n.

ENTIRE

Vocabulary Item : entire (adj)

Synonym : whole, complete
Antonym : partial, incomplete, broken
Turkish Definition : bütün, tüm
Example sentence : He'd spent the entire journey asleep
Translation :
Part of speech : entirely (adv)

ENTITLE

Vocabulary Item : entitle (v)

Synonym : warrant, give right to
Antonym : disable, disqualify
Turkish Definition : hak vermek, yetki vermek
Example sentence : Being unemployed entitles you to free medical treatment
Translation :
Part of speech : entitled adj.

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ENTREPRENEUR

Vocabulary Item : entrepreneur (n)

Synonym : capitalist, industrialist
Turkish Definition : girişimci, yatırımcı
Example sentence : He was one of the entrepreneurs of the eighties who made their
money in property
Translation :
Part of speech : entrepreneurial adj.

EPIDEMIC

Vocabulary Item : epidemic (adj)

Synonym : prevalent, widespread, rampant
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : salgın
Example sentence : Poverty in this country has reached epidemic proportions
Translation :
Part of speech : epidemic n.

EQUIP

Vocabulary Item : Equip (v)

Synonym : furnish, supply
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : donatmak
Example sentence : It's going to cost $4 million to equip the hospital.
Translation :

ERA

Vocabulary Item : era (n)

Synonym : age, period
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : çağ, dönem
Example sentence : The fall of the Berlin wall marked the end of an era.
Translation :

ERADICATE

Vocabulary Item : eradicate (v)

Synonym : get rid of, wipe out, eliminate
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : yok etmek, kökünü kazmak
Example sentence : The disease which once claimed millions of lives has now been
eradicated.
Translation :
Part of speech : eradication n.

ERECT

78
Vocabulary Item : erect (v)
Synonym : build up, put up
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : dikmek, inşa etmek
Example sentence : The soldiers had erected barricades to protect themselves.
Translation :
Part of speech : erection n.

ERRONEOUS

Vocabulary Item : erroneous (adj)

Synonym : incorrect, wrong
Antonym : perfect
Turkish Definition : hatalı
Example sentence an erroneous belief
Translation :
Part of speech : error n. erroneously adv.

ERUDITE

Vocabulary Item : erudite

Synonym : knowlegable, learned
Antonym : illiterate, ignorant
Turkish Definition : bilgili
Example sentence :He's the author of an erudite book on Scottish history
Translation :
Part of speech : erudition n.

ERUPT

Vocabulary Item : erupt (v)

Synonym : explode, emit, break out
Turkish Definition : patlamak, püskürtmek
Example sentence : Since the volcano last erupted, many houses have been built in
a dangerous position on its slopes
Translation :
Part of speech : eruption n.

ESCALATE

Vocabulary Item : escalate (v)

Synonym : increase, intensify
Antonym : decrease, diminish, allay
Turkish Definition : tırmanmak, artmak
Example sentence His financial problems escalated after he became unemployed
Translation :
Part of speech : escalation n.

ESSENCE

Vocabulary Item : essence (n)

Synonym : basic nature, essential quality

79
Turkish Definition : öz, esas
Example sentence : vanilla essence is my favourite
Translation :

ESSENTIAL

Vocabulary Item : essential (adj)

Synonym : necessary, indispensible
Antonym : unnecesary, redundant
Turkish Definition : gerekli, vazgeçilemeyen
Example sentence : Government support will be essential if the project is to succeed
Translation :
Part of speech : essential n.

ESTABLISH

Vocabulary Item : establish (v)

Synonym : found, set up
Antonym : demolish, destruct
Turkish Definition : kurmak
Example sentence : brewery was established in 1822.
Translation :
Part of speech : establishment n.

ESTEEM

Vocabulary Item : esteem (n)

Synonym : respect, regard
Antonym : disrespect
Turkish Definition : saygı
Example sentence : There has been a drop in public esteem for teachers
Translation :
Part of speech : esteem v.

ETERNAL

Vocabulary Item : eternal (adj)

Synonym : infinite, endless
Antonym : temporary,
Turkish Definition : sonsuz, bitmeyen
Example sentence : Will you two never stop your eternal arguing
Translation :
Part of speech : eternally adv.

EVACUATE

Vocabulary Item : evacuate (v)

Synonym : empty
Antonym : seize, occupy, fill
Turkish Definition : boşaltmak, tahliye etmek

80
Example sentence : The police evacuated the village shortly before the explosion
Translation :
Part of speech : evacuation n.

EVADE

Vocabulary Item : evade (v)

Synonym : escape, avoid
Antonym : stay, keep standstill
Turkish Definition : kaçırmak, kurtulmak
Example sentence : Just give me an answer and stop evading the question!
Translation :
Part of speech : evasion n.

EVALUATE

Vocabulary Item : evaluate (v)

Synonym : assess, appraise
Antonym : ignore
Turkish Definition : değerlendirmek
Example sentence : It's impossible to evaluate these results without knowing more
about the research methods employed.
Translation :
Part of speech : evaluation n. evaluative adj.

EVAPORATE

Vocabulary Item : evaporate (v)

Synonym : vanish, dissolve, disappear
Antonym : solidify, harden
Turkish Definition : buharlaşmak, yok olmak
Example sentence : Plants keep cool during the summer by evaporating water from
their leaves.
Translation :
Part of speech : evaporation n.

EVASIVE

Vocabulary Item : evasive (adj)

Synonym : elusive
Antonym : straightforward
Turkish Definition : kaçamaklı
Example sentence : By the time the pilot realised how close the plane was to the
building, it was too late to take evasive action

81
Translation :
Part of speech : evade v. evasion n. evasively adv.

EVENTUAL

Vocabulary Item : eventual (adj)

Synonym : ultimate, final, consequent
Antonym : initial, first
Turkish Definition : son, nihai
Example sentence : Although the original budget for the project was $1 billion, the
eventual cost is likely to be 50% higher
Translation :
Part of speech : eventually adv.

EVIDENCE

Vocabulary Item : evidence (n)

Synonym : proof
Antonym : disproof, concealment
Turkish Definition : kanıt, delil
Example sentence : The police have found no evidence of a terrorist link with the
murder
Translation :
Part of speech : evidenced adj.

EVOKE

Vocabulary Item : evoke (v)

Synonym : bring to mind, remind
Antonym : prevent, stop
Turkish Definition : akla getirmek, hatırlatmak
Example sentence : That smell always evokes memories of my old school
Translation :
Part of speech : evocation n. evocative adj. evocatively adv.

EVOLVE

Vocabulary Item : evolve (v)

Synonym : develop
Antonym : perish, deteriorate
Turkish Definition : gelişmek, geliştirmek
Example sentence : Bacteria are evolving resistance to antibiotics.
Translation :
Part of speech : evolution n. evolutionary adj.

EXACT

Vocabulary Item : exact (adj)

Synonym : correct, precise
Antonym : vague, ambigious, indefinite
Turkish Definition : tam, kesin
Example sentence : The exact time of the accident was 2.43 pm
Translation :
Part of speech : exactly (adv)

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EXAGGERATE

Vocabulary Item : exaggerate (v)

Synonym : overstate
Antonym : understate, minimize
Turkish Definition : abartmak
Example sentence : I'm not exaggerating - it was the worst meal I've ever eaten in
my life.
Translation :
Part of speech : exaggeration n.

EXCAVATE

Vocabulary Item : excavate (v)

Synonym : dig, dig up
Antonym : inter, bury
Turkish Definition : kazmak
Example sentence : Tintagel Castle, the reputed birthplace of King Arthur, is being
excavated professionally for the first time in more than 50 years
Translation :
Part of speech : excavation n.

EXCEED

Vocabulary Item : exceed (v)

Synonym : surpass, surmount
Antonym : fall behind
Turkish Definition : aşmak, geçmek
Example sentence : The success of our campaign has exceeded our wildest
expectations
Translation :
Part of speech : exceeding adj.

EXCLUDE

Vocabulary Item : exclude (v)

Synonym : rule out, keep out, leave out
Antonym : include
Turkish Definition : hariç bırakmak, dışlamak
Example sentence : Microbes must, as far as possible, be excluded from the room
during an operation.
Translation :
Part of speech : exclusion n.

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EXCLUSIVE

Vocabulary Item : exclusive (adj)

Synonym : speacial, private, unique
Antonym : common, shared
Turkish Definition : özel, seçkin
Example sentence : This room is for the exclusive use of guests
Translation :
Part of speech : excvlusively adv.

EXECUTE

Vocabulary Item : execute (v)

Synonym : carry out, implement
Antonym : neglect
Turkish Definition : uygulamak, yerine getirmek
Example sentence : to execute a deal/plan
Translation :
Part of speech :executive adj. executive n.

EXERT

Vocabulary Item : exert (v)

Synonym : use, make use of, utilize
Antonym : relax, rest
Turkish Definition : kullanmak
Example sentence : Some managers exert considerable pressure on their staff to
work extra hours without being paid
Translation :
Part of speech : exertion n.

EXHAUST

Vocabulary Item : exhaust (v)

Synonym : tire, use up, deplete
Antonym : refresh, invigorate
Turkish Definition : yormak, tüketmek
Example sentence : The long journey exhausted the children.
Translation :
Part of speech : exhausted adj. exhaustion n.

EXHILARATE

Vocabulary Item : exhilarate (v)

Synonym : enliven, invigorate
Antonym : depress, unnerve
Turkish Definition : canlandırmak, keyif vermek
Example sentence :
Translation :
Part of speech : exhilaration n.

EXHORT

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Vocabulary Item : exhort (v)
Synonym : encourage, stimulate
Antonym : dissuade, warn
Turkish Definition : tavsiye etmek
Example sentence : The governor exhorted the prisoners not to riot
Translation :
Part of speech : exhortation n.

EXPECTANCY

Vocabulary Item : expectancy (n)

Synonym : expectation, hope, anticipation
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : beklenti
Example sentence : Life expectancy in Europe has increased greatly in the 20th
century
Translation :
Part of speech : expect v.

EXPEDITION

Vocabulary Item : expedition (n)

Synonym : special journey, trip
Turkish Definition : sefer
Example sentence : Scott died while he was on an expedition to the Antarctic in
1912.
Translation :
Part of speech : expeditionary adj.

EXPEL

Vocabulary Item : expel (v)

Synonym : dismiss
Antonym : recruit
Turkish Definition : kovmak, atmak
Example sentence : My brother was expelled from school for bad behaviour
Translation :

EXPEND

Vocabulary Item : expend (v)

Synonym : use up, exhaust
Antonym : conserve, preserve
Turkish Definition : harcamak, masraf yapmak
Example sentence : Governments expend a lot of resources on war
Translation :
Part of speech : expenditure n.

EXPIRE

Vocabulary Item : expire (v)

85
Synonym : end
Antonym : start, begin
Turkish Definition : süresi dolmak, sona ermek
Example sentence : The contract between the two companies will expire at the end
of the year.
Translation :
Part of speech : expiration n.

EXPLICIT

Vocabulary Item : explicit (adj)

Synonym : clear, unambiguous
Antonym : implicit
Turkish Definition : açık, yalın
Example sentence : I gave her very explicit directions how to get here
Translation :
Part of speech : explicitly adv. explicitness n.

EXPLODE

Vocabulary Item : explode (v)

Synonym : go off
Turkish Definition : patlamak, infilak etmek
Example sentence : A bomb exploded at one of London's busiest railway stations
this morning.
Translation :
Part of speech : explosion n. expolisive n.

EXPLOIT

Vocabulary Item : exploit (v)

Synonym : misuse, abuse
Antonym : utilize
Turkish Definition : sömürmek, faydalanmak
Example sentence : Laws exist to stop companies exploiting their employees
Translation :
Part of speech : exploitation n. exploitable adj.

EXPLORE

Vocabulary Item : explore (v)

Synonym : research, investigate, probe
Turkish Definition : araştırmak, tetkik yapmak
Example sentence : The best way to explore the countryside is on foot
Translation :
Part of speech : exploration n.

EXPOSE (TO)

Vocabulary Item : expose (v) (to)

Synonym : subject to, make liable
Turkish Definition : maruz bırakmak

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Example sentence : It is feared that people living near the power station may have
been exposed to radiation.
Translation :
Part of speech : exposure n.

EXTEND

Vocabulary Item : extend (v)

Synonym : stretch, prolong
Antonym : shorten
Turkish Definition : uzatmak
Example sentence : The path extends (= continues) beyond the end of the road.
Translation :
Part of speech : extension n.

EXTERMINATE

Vocabulary Item : exterminate (v)

Synonym : destroy, eradicate
Antonym : establish, found, invent
Turkish Definition : yok etmek
Example sentence : Millions of Jewish people were exterminated in concentration
camps in the Second World War
Translation :
Part of speech : extermination n.

EXTINCT

Vocabulary Item : extinct (adj)

Synonym : vanished, died out
Antonym : survive
Turkish Definition : soyu tükenmiş, yok olmuş
Example sentence : There is concern that the giant panda will soon become extinct
Translation :
Part of speech : extinction n.

EXTRAVAGANT

Vocabulary Item : extravagant (adj)

Synonym : excessive, lavish
Antonym : stingy, mean
Turkish Definition : müsrif, aşırı harcama yapan
Example sentence : the extravagant lifestyle of a movie star
Translation :
Part of speech : extravagantly adv. extravagance n.

EXTREMELY

Vocabulary Item : extremely (adj)

Synonym : enormously, tremendously
Antonym : tiny, little
Turkish Definition : aşırı derecede, büyük ölçüde

87
Example sentence : She's extremely beautiful
Translation :
Part of speech : extreme adj.

F
FABRIC

Vocabulary Item : fabric (n)

Synonym : structure
Turkish Definition : doku
Example sentence : dress fabric
Translation :

FACILITATE

Vocabulary Item : facilitate (v)

Synonym : make it easy, ease
Antonym : make sth difficult
Turkish Definition : kolaylaştırmak
Example sentence : The new ramp will facilitate the entry of wheelchairs

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Translation :
Part of speech : facility n.

FAIRLY

Vocabulary Item : fairly (adv)

Synonym : equitably, justly
Antonym : subjectively
Turkish Definition : adil şekilde
Example sentence : The money was not distributed fairly.
Part of speech :

FAITH

Vocabulary Item : faith (n)

Synonym : belief, conviction, confidence, trust
Antonym : distrust, disbelief
Turkish Definition : inanç, güven
Example sentence : Even in the bad times she never lost her faith
Translation :
Part of speech : faithful,

FAKE

Vocabulary Item : fake (adj)

Synonym : false, imitation
Antonym : real
Turkish Definition : sahte
Example sentence : Experts revealed that the painting was a fake
Translation :
Part of speech : fake adj. faker n.

FALLACY

Vocabulary Item : fallacy (n)

Synonym : false notion, deception, mistake
Antonym : truth, fact
Turkish Definition : yanılgı, yanılsama
Example sentence : It is a common fallacy that women are worse drivers than men.
Translation :
Part of speech : fallible adj.

FAMILIAR

Vocabulary Item : familiar (adj)

Synonym : acquainted
Antonym : strange
Turkish Definition : aşina, tanıdık
Example sentence : There were one or two familiar faces
Translation :
Part of speech : familiarity n.

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FAMINE

Vocabulary Item : famine (n)

Synonym : starvation, shortage of food
Antonym : gönül
Turkish Definition : açlık
Example sentence : There were reports of refugees dying of famine
Translation :

FANCY

Vocabulary Item : fancy (v)

Synonym : imagine, suppose
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : hayal etmek
Example sentence : He fancies himself as a bit of a singer
Translation :
Part of speech : fancied adj. fancy n. fanciful adj. fancifully adv.

FAR-FETCHED

Vocabulary Item : far-fetched (adj)

Synonym : incredible, fantastic, unbelievable
Antonym : credible
Turkish Definition : inanılmaz, gerçekten uzak
Example sentence : He told us a a far-fetched idea/story
Translation :

FAR-REACHING

Vocabulary Item : far-reaching (adj)

Synonym : extensive, broad, comprehensive
Antonym : simple
Turkish Definition : geniş kapsamlı
Example sentence : These new laws will have far-reaching benefits for all working
mothers.
Translation :

FASCINATE

Vocabulary Item : fascinate (v)

Synonym : charm
Antonym : bore
Turkish Definition : büyülemek
Example sentence : Anything to do with aeroplanes and flying fascinates him
Translation :

90
Part of speech : fascinating adj.

FATAL

Vocabulary Item : fatal (adj)

Synonym : mortal, deadly
Antonym : beneficial
Turkish Definition : ölümcül
Example sentence : This illness is fatal in almost all cases
Translation :
Part of speech : fatality

FATIGUE

Vocabulary Item : fatigue (n)

Synonym : extreme tiredness, exhaustion
Antonym : freshness, vigour
Turkish Definition : aşırı yorgunluk, bitkinlik
Example sentence : She was suffering from fatigue and a stress-related illness.
Translation :
Part of speech : fatigue v. fatigued adj.

FAVORABLE

Vocabulary Item : favorable (adj)

Synonym : suitable, approving
Antonym : unfavourable
Turkish Definition : elverişli, uygun
Example sentence : We have had a favourable response to the plan so far
Translation :
Part of speech : favour v.

FEASIBLE

Vocabulary Item : feasible (adj)

Synonym : possible, probable
Antonym : impossible
Turkish Definition : münkün, yapılabilir
Example sentence : It may be feasible to clone human beings, but is it ethical?
Translation :
Part of speech : feasibly adv. feasibility n.

FEATURE

Vocabulary Item : feature (n)

Synonym : propertyy, trait, characteristic

91
Turkish Definition : özellik
Example sentence : The town's main features are its beautiful mosque and ancient
marketplace.
Translation :
Part of speech : feature v.

FERTILE

Vocabulary Item : fertile (adj)

Synonym : productive, rich, fruitful, prolific
Antonym : unproductive, fruitless
Turkish Definition : verimli, üretken
Example sentence :
Translation :
Part of speech : fertility n. fertilize v.

FETCH

Vocabulary Item : fetch (v)

Synonym : go and bring
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : alıp getirmek, kapmak
Example sentence : I have to fetch my mother from the station

FEVER

Vocabulary Item : fever (n)

Synonym : high temperature
Turkish Definition : yüksek ateş
Example sentence : He's got a headache and a slight fever
Translation :
Part of speech : fevered adj. feverish adj.

FINITE

Vocabulary Item : finite (adj)

Synonym : limited, restricted
Antonym : infinite, limited
Turkish Definition : sınırlı, kısıtlı
Example sentence : The funds available for the health service are finite and we
cannot afford to waste money.
Translation :

FIRM

Vocabulary Item : firm (adj)

Synonym : stiff, rigid
Antonym : soft, tender
Turkish Definition : sert, katı
Example sentence : These pears are still too firm to eat.

92
Translation :
Part of speech : firmly adv.

FLAIR

Vocabulary Item : flair (n)

Synonym : ability, talent, gift, knack
Turkish Definition : yetenek
Example sentence : He has a flair for languages.
Translation :
Part of speech : flair adj.

FLATTER

Vocabulary Item : flatter (v)

Synonym : compliment, praise
Antonym : insult
Turkish Definition : övmek, övünmek
Example sentence : I knew he was only flattering me because he wanted to borrow
some money.
Translation :
Part of speech : flattery n.

FLOURISH

Vocabulary Item : flourish (v)

Synonym : prosper, grow, thrive
Antonym : fail, decline
Turkish Definition : gelişmek, büyümek
Example sentence : My tomatoes are flourishing this summer - it must be the warm
weather.
Translation :
Part of speech : flourishing adj.

FLUCTUATE

Vocabulary Item : fluctuate (v)

Synonym : go up and down, wave
Antonym : persist, stand fast
Turkish Definition : dalgalanmak
Example sentence : Vegetable prices fluctuate according to the season
Translation :
Part of speech : fluctuation n.

FORBID

Vocabulary Item : forbid (v)

Synonym : prohibit, ban, not allow
Antonym : allow, let
Turkish Definition : yasaklamak

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Example sentence : The law forbids the sale of cigarettes to people under the age of
16
Translation :
Part of speech : forbidden (adj)

FORECAST

Vocabulary Item : forecast (v)

Synonym : predict, foresee
Turkish Definition : tahmin etmek
Example sentence : Snow has been forecast for tonight
Translation :
Part of speech : forecast n.

FORESEE

Vocabulary Item : foresee (v)

Synonym : foretell, see ahead
Turkish Definition : öngörmek
Example sentence : I don't foresee any difficulties so long as we keep within budget
Translation :
Part of speech : foresight n.

FORGERY

Vocabulary Item : forgery (n)

Synonym : counterfeiting, being fake
Antonym : honesty
Turkish Definition : sahte, sahtekarlık
Example sentence : He increased his income by forgery.
Translation :
Part of speech : forge v. forger n.

FORMIDABLE

Vocabulary Item : formidable (adj)

Synonym : challenging, difficult, invincible
Antonym : susceptible, vulnerable
Turkish Definition : sert, sağlam, yenilmez, dayanıklı
Example sentence : a formidable adversary/enemy/opponent
Translation :
Part of speech : formidably adv.

FOSTER

Vocabulary Item : foster (v)

Synonym : encourage, nurture
Antonym : discourage
Turkish Definition : teşvik etmek
Example sentence : I'm trying to foster an interest in classical music in my children.
Translation :

94
FRACTION

Vocabulary Item : fraction (n)

Synonym : bit, tiny portion
Antonym : whole, total
Turkish Definition : küçük parça
Example sentence : ¼ and 0.25 are different ways of representing the same fraction
Translation :
Part of speech : fractional adj.

FRAGILE

Vocabulary Item : fragile (adj)

Synonym : delicate
Antonym : formidable
Turkish Definition : kırılabilir, hassas
Example sentence : Be careful with that vase - it's very fragile
Translation :
Part of speech : fragility n.

FRUSTRATE

Vocabulary Item : frustrate (v)

Synonym : disappoint
Antonym : cheer up, entertain
Turkish Definition : hayal kırıklığına uğratmak, üzmek
Example sentence : It frustrates me that I'm not able to put any of my ideas into
practice
Translation :
Part of speech : frustration n. frustrated adj. frustrating adj.

FULFILL

Vocabulary Item : fulfill (v)

Synonym : execute, carry out, implement
Antonym : neglect, ignore, falsify
Turkish Definition : yerine getirmek
Example sentence : School fails if it does not fulfil the needs/requirements of its
pupils
Translation :
Part of speech : fulfilling adj. fulfillment n.

FURNISH

Vocabulary Item : furnish (v)

Synonym : provide, supply
Antonym : withhold, withdraw
Turkish Definition : donatmak, sağlamak
Example sentence : They've furnished the room very simply.
Translation :
Part of speech : furnished adj. furnishings n.

95
FURIOUS

Vocabulary Item : furious (adj)

Synonym : angry
Antonym : calm
Turkish Definition : kızgın
Example sentence : I was late and he was furious with me
Translation :
Part of speech : fury n.

FUTILE

Vocabulary Item : futile (adj)

Synonym : vain, without result
Antonym : fertile, worthwhile
Turkish Definition : boşuna, nafile
Example sentence : All my attempts to cheer her up proved futile.
Translation :
Part of speech : futility n.

G
GAUGE

Vocabulary Item : gauge (v)

Synonym : measure, estimate, evaluate
Turkish Definition : ölçmek, tahmin etmek
Example sentence : Use a thermometer to gauge the temperature
Translation :
Part of speech : gauge n.

GAZE

Vocabulary Item : gaze (n)

Synonym : stare, look
Antonym : ignore, glance
Turkish Definition : bakış
Example sentence :He spends hours gazing out of the window when he should be
working
Translation :
Part of speech : gaze v.

GENEROUS

Vocabulary Item : generous (adj)

Synonym : open-handed
Antonym : mean, stingy
Turkish Definition : cömert
Example sentence : It was most generous of you to lend me the money
Translation :
Part of speech : generosity n.

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GENOCIDE

Vocabulary Item : genocide (n)

Synonym : massacre
Turkish Definition : katliam, soykırım
Example sentence victims of genocide
Translation :
Part of speech : genocidal

GENUINE

Vocabulary Item : genuine (adj)

Synonym : real, authentic
Antonym : fake, counterfeit
Turkish Definition : gerçek, hakiki
Example sentence : If it is a genuine Michelangelo drawing, it will sell for millions
Translation :
Part of speech : genuinely adv. genuineness n.

GIFT

Vocabulary Item : gift (n)

Synonym : knack, ability, talent, skill
Antonym : inability, weakness
Turkish Definition : yetenek
Example sentence He has a gift for languages.
Translation :
Part of speech : gift n. (hediye), gifted adj.

GIGANTIC

Vocabulary Item : gigantic (adj)

Synonym : massive, immense
Antonym : tiny, minute
Turkish Definition : devhasa, çok büyük
Example sentence : The cost has been gigantic
Translation :
Part of speech : gigantically adv.

GLANCE

Vocabulary Item : glance (n)

Synonym : brief look, quick view
Turkish Definition : hızlı bakış, göz atma
Example sentence : She took/cast a glance at her watch
Translation :
Part of speech : glance v.

GLITTER

Vocabulary Item : glitter (v)

Synonym : shine

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Turkish Definition : ışıldamak
Example sentence :Her diamond necklace glittered brilliantly under the spotlights.
Translation :
Part of speech : glitter n. glittering adj.

GLOOMY

Vocabulary Item : gloomy (adj)

Synonym : dark, pessimistic.
Antonym : encouraging, cheerful, happy
Turkish Definition : karamsar, karanlık
Example sentence : The cemetery is a gloomy place.
Translation :
Part of speech : gloom n. gloomily adv.

GLORIOUS

Vocabulary Item : glorious (adj)

Synonym : splendid, brilliant, dazzling
Antonym : unknown, dull, awful
Turkish Definition : şanlı, parlak
Example sentence : a glorious victory
Translation :
Part of speech : gloriously adv.

GOODS

Vocabulary Item : goods (n)

Synonym : commodity, property
Turkish Definition : mal, mülk, eşya
Example sentence The house insurance will not cover your personal goods
Translation :

GORGEOUS

Vocabulary Item : gorgeous (adj)

Synonym : impressive, splendid
Antonym : ugly
Turkish Definition : büyüleyici, harika
Example sentence : The bride looked gorgeous.
Translation :
Part of speech : gorgeously adv.

GRACEFUL

Vocabulary Item : graceful (adj)

Synonym : attractive, charming
Antonym : awkward, ugly
Turkish Definition : hoş, çekici
Example sentence : graceful movements

98
Translation :

GRADUAL

Vocabulary Item : gradual (adj)

Synonym : step by step
Antonym : sudden, immediate
Turkish Definition : aşama aşama, yavaş yavaş
Example sentence : There has been a gradual improvement in our sales figures over
the last two years.
Translation :
Part of speech : gradually (adv)

GRANT

Vocabulary Item : grant (n)

Synonym : scholarship, funding, allowance
Turkish Definition : burs
Example sentence : They gave/awarded her a grant to study abroad for one year.
Translation :
Part of speech : grant v.

GRASP

Vocabulary Item : grasp (v)

Synonym : snatch, grab, perceive
Antonym : loose, release
Turkish Definition : kapmak, algılamak, kavramak
Example sentence 1) : We must grasp every opportunity to strengthen economic ties
with other countries
Translation :
Part of speech : grasp n.

GRATEFUL

Vocabulary Item : grateful (adj)

Synonym : thankful, appreciative
Antonym : ungrateful
Turkish Definition : minnettar
Example sentence : If you could get that report finished by Thursday I'd be very
grateful
Translation :
Part of speech : gratefully adv.

GRATIFY

Vocabulary Item : gratify (v)

Synonym : please, satisfy
Antonym : displease

99
Turkish Definition : memnun etmek, tatmin etmek
Example sentence He was gratified to see how well his students had done
Translation :
Part of speech : gratification n.

GRATITUDE

Vocabulary Item : gratitude (n)

Synonym : appreciation, gratefulness
Antonym : resentment
Turkish Definition : şükran, minnettarlık
Example sentence She sent them a present to show/express her gratitude
Translation :

GRAVE

Vocabulary Item : grave (adj)

Synonym : serious, crucial, solemn, severe
Antonym : trivial, unimportant
Turkish Definition : ciddi, önemli
Example sentence a grave situation
Translation :
Part of speech : gravity n.

GREED

Vocabulary Item : greed (adj)

Synonym : insatiable
Antonym : satiable
Turkish Definition : açgözlü, doyumsuz
Example sentence : I don't know why I'm eating more - it's not hunger, it's just
greed!
Translation :
Part of speech : greedy adj.

GRIEF

Vocabulary Item : grief (n)

Synonym : sorrow, sadness
Antonym : joy, delight, happiness
Turkish Definition : üzüntü, kader
Example sentence Her grief at her son's death was terrible
Translation :
Part of speech : grievance n

GRIEVANCE

Vocabulary Item : grievance (n)

Synonym : complaint
Antonym : benefit, priviledge
Turkish Definition : yakınma, şikayet

100
Example sentence : A special committee has been appointed to handle prisoners'
grievances
Translation :
Part of speech : grief n.

GRIM

Vocabulary Item : grim (adj)

Synonym : gloomy, bleak, pessimistic
Antonym : promising, optimistic
Turkish Definition : karamsar
Example sentence : The future looks grim
Translation :
Part of speech : grimly adv. grimness n.

GROUNDLESS

Vocabulary Item : groundless (adj)

Synonym : baseless, without basis
Antonym : well-founded
Turkish Definition : yersiz, dayanaksız
Example sentence : My fears turned out to be groundless.
Translation :
Part of speech : ground n. ground v.

GRUMBLE

Vocabulary Item : grumble (v)

Synonym : complain
Antonym : show gratitude
Turkish Definition : şikayet etmek
Example sentence : She spent the evening grumbling to me about her job
Translation :
Part of speech : grumble n. grumbler n.

GUILT

Vocabulary Item : guilt (n)

Synonym : crime, offence
Antonym : innocence
Turkish Definition : suç
Example sentence 1) : Both suspects admitted their guilt to the police
Translation :
Part of speech : guilty adj.

101
H
HAMPER

Vocabulary Item : hamper (v)

Synonym : prevent, hinder, impede
Antonym : facilitate
Turkish Definition : engellemek
Example sentence : Fierce storms have been hampering rescue efforts and there is
now little chance of finding more survivors
Translation :

HANDLE

Vocabulary Item : handle (v)

Synonym : deal with, manage, direct
Turkish Definition : ele almak, baş etmek
Example sentence : I thought he handled the situation very well
Translation :
Part of speech : handler n.

HAZARD

Vocabulary Item : hazard (n)

Synonym : danger
Turkish Definition : tehlike
Example sentence : The busy traffic entrance was a hazard to pedestrians
Translation :
Part of speech : hazardous adj.

HAPHAZARD

Vocabulary Item : haphazard (adj)

Synonym : random, chance
Antonym : intended ,deliberate
Turkish Definition : tesadüfi
Example sentence : He tackled the problem in a typically haphazard manner
Translation :
Part of speech : haphazardly adv.

HAPPEN TO

Vocabulary Item : happen to (v)

Synonym : do sth by chance
Turkish Definition : şans eseri bir şey yapmak, karşılaşmak
Example sentence : I happened to him when I was shopping.

102
Translation : Alışveriş yaparken onunla karşılaştım.

HARASS

Vocabulary Item : harass (v)

Synonym : bother, pester
Antonym : relieve
Turkish Definition : taciz etmek
Example sentence : Stop harassing me!
Translation : Beni taciz etmeyi bırak.
Part of speech : harassed adj. harassment n.

HARDLY

Vocabulary Item : hardly (adv)

Synonym : barely, scarcely, almost not
Antonym : often, almost always
Turkish Definition : hemen hemen hiç
Example sentence : He hardly ate anything/He ate hardly anything
Translation : Neredeyse hiç birşey yemedi.

HARSH

Vocabulary Item : harsh (adj)

Synonym : severe, pitiless
Antonym : gentle,kind
Turkish Definition : acımasız, sert, haşin
Example sentence : We thought the punishment was rather harsh for such a minor
offence
Translation :
Part of speech : harshly adv. harshness n.

HASTY

Vocabulary Item : hasty (adj)

Synonym : hurried, speedy
Antonym : slow,deliberate
Turkish Definition : acele, hızlı
Example sentence : He warned against making hasty decisions
Translation : Acele kararlar vermeye karşı onu uyardı.
Part of speech : hastily adv. hasten v.

HERITAGE

Vocabulary Item : heritage (n)

Synonym : legacy, inheritance
Turkish Definition : miras
Example sentence : These monuments are a vital part of the cultural heritage of
South America.

103
Translation :

HINDER

Vocabulary Item : hinder (v)

Synonym : hamper, prevent, impede, obstruct
Antonym : facilitate
Turkish Definition : engellemek
Example sentence : High winds have hindered firefighters in their efforts to put out
the blaze.
Translation :
Part of speech : hindrance n.

HITHERTO

Vocabulary Item : hitherto (adv)

Synonym : up till now, yet
Turkish Definition : şu ana kadar
Example sentence : Mira has revealed hitherto unsuspected talents on the cricket
pitch
Translation :

HOLY

Vocabulary Item : holy (adj)

Synonym : sacred
Antonym : wicked,profane
Turkish Definition : kutsal
Example sentence : holy scriptures/rites
Translation :
Part of speech : holiness n.

HORIZONTAL

Vocabulary Item : horizontal (adj)

Synonym : parallel, flat
Antonym : vertical
Turkish Definition : yatay
Example sentence : Keep the patient horizontal with the feet slightly raised
Translation :
Part of speech : horizontally adv.

HOSTILE

Vocabulary Item : hostile (adj)

Synonym : unfriendly
Antonym : friendly
Turkish Definition : düşmanca, karşı
Example sentence : I'm not hostile to (= against) the idea of change as such.
Translation :
Part of speech : hostility n.

HUMBLE

104
Vocabulary Item : humble (adj)
Synonym : modest
Antonym : proud,arrogant
Turkish Definition : alçakgönüllü
Example sentence : He's very humble about his success
Translation :
Part of speech : humble v.

HUMID

Vocabulary Item : humid (adj)

Synonym : damp, moist, wet
Antonym : dry
Turkish Definition : nemli
Example sentence : New York is very hot and humid in the summer
Translation :
Part of speech : humidity n.

HUMILIATE

Vocabulary Item : humiliate (v)

Synonym : degrade, disgrace
Antonym : honor
Turkish Definition : küçük düşürmek, aşağılamak
Example sentence : How could you humiliate me by questioning my judgment in
front of everyone like that?
Translation :
Part of speech : humiliated adj. humiliation n.

HUMOR

Vocabulary Item : humor (n)

Synonym : joking
Antonym : seriousness
Turkish Definition : mizah
Example sentence : He's got a great sense of humour
Translation : Çok geniş bir mizah anlayışı var.
Part of speech : humorist n. humorous adj.

20. HURRICANE

Vocabulary Item : hurricane (n)

Synonym : storm
Turkish Definition : kasırga
Example sentence : The state of Florida was hit by a hurricane that did serious
damage
Translation : Florida eyaletinde ciddi zararlara yol açan bir kasırga meydana
geldi.

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I
IDENTICAL

Vocabulary Item : identical (adj)

Synonym : same
Antonym : different
Turkish Definition : benzer, aynı
Example sentence : The two rooms were virtually identical
Translation :
Part of speech : identically adv.

IDLE

Vocabulary Item : idle (adj)

Synonym : unoccupied
Antonym : occupied
Turkish Definition : başı boş, aylak
Example sentence : Half these factories now stand idle
Translation :
Part of speech : idleness n. idler n. idly adv.

IGNORE

Vocabulary Item : ignore (v)

Synonym : disregard, overlook
Antonym : notice, recognize
Turkish Definition : önemsememek, aldırmamak
Example sentence : How can the government ignore the wishes of the majority?
Translation : Hükümet çoğunluğun isteklerini nasıl görmezden gelebilir?
Part of speech : ignorance n.

ILLEGIBLE

Vocabulary Item : illegible (adj)

Synonym : cannot be read
Antonym : legible
Turkish Definition : okunaksız
Example sentence : His writing is almost illegible
Translation : Yazısı neredeyse okunmuyor

106
Part of speech :illegibly adv.

ILLICIT

Vocabulary Item : illicit (adj)

Synonym : illegal, unlawful
Antonym : legal
Turkish Definition : yasa dışı
Example sentence : The illicit trade in stolen vehicles
Translation : Çalıntı arabalardaki yasadışı ticaret.
Part of speech : illicitly adv.

ILLITERATE

Vocabulary Item : illiterate (adj)

Synonym : unable to read and write
Antonym : literate
Turkish Definition : cahil, okuma yazma bilmeyen
Example sentence : A surprising percentage of the population are illiterate
Translation : Nüfusun dikkat çekici bir oranı okuma yazma bilmiyor.
Part of speech : illiterate n. illiteracy n.

ILLUMINATE

Vocabulary Item : illuminate (v)

Synonym : clarify
Antonym : darken,obscure
Turkish Definition : açıklamak
Example sentence : an article which illuminates the issues at stake
Translation :
Part of speech : illuminating adj. illumination n.

ILLUSION

Vocabulary Item : illusion (n)

Synonym : deception, mirage
Antonym : reality
Turkish Definition : yanılgı
Example sentence : He had no illusions about his talents as a singer.
Translation : Bir şarkıcı olarak yetenekleriyle ilgili hiçbir şüphesi yoktu.
Part of speech : illusionist n.

ILLUSTRATE

Vocabulary Item : illustrate (v)

Synonym : explain, clarify
Antonym : confuse,mystify
Turkish Definition : örneklerle açıklamak
Example sentence : The lecturer illustrated his point with a diagram on the
blackboard

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Translation : Öğretmen konuyu tahtada bir diyagramla açıkladı.
Part of speech : illustration n. illustrative adj.

IMMINENT

Vocabulary Item : imminent (adj)

Synonym : approaching
Antonym : distant
Turkish Definition : yaklaşan
Example sentence : A strike is imminent
Translation : Bir grev yakın.
Part of speech : imminence n.

IMMUNE

Vocabulary Item : immune (adj)

Synonym : resistant, protected
Turkish Definition : bağışıklık kazanmış
Example sentence : Most people who've had chicken pox once are immune to it for
the rest of their lives
Translation :
Part of speech : immunization n.

IMPACT

Vocabulary Item : impact (n)

Synonym : effect, collision
Antonym : dissuade
Turkish Definition : etki, çarpma
Example sentence : The impact of the crash reduced the car to a third of its original
length
Translation : Çarpmanın etkisi arabayı orjinal uzunluğundan üçte biri
oranında küçülttü.
Part of speech : impact v. impacted adj.

IMPAIR

Vocabulary Item : impair (v)

Synonym : spoil, worsen, damage, harm
Antonym : repair,improve
Turkish Definition : bozmak, zarar vermek
Example sentence : A recurring knee injury may have impaired his chances of
winning the tournament
Translation : Dizindeki sakatlığın nüksetmesi turnuvayı kazanma şansını
etkilemiş olabilir.
Part of speech : impaired adj. impairment n.

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IMPEDE

Vocabulary Item : impede (v)

Synonym : prevent, hinder, hamper
Antonym : help,encourage
Turkish Definition : engel olmak
Example sentence : Although he's shy, it certainly hasn't impeded his career in any
way
Translation : Çekingen olsada, bu kariyerine direkt olarak etki etmedi.
Part of speech : impediment n. impedimenta n.

IMPERATIVE

Vocabulary Item : imperative (adj)

Synonym : urgent
Antonym : trivial
Turkish Definition : acil
Example sentence : It's imperative to act now before the problem gets really
serious.
Translation : Sorun daha da ciddi hale gelmeden acilen harekete geçmek
gerek .
Part of speech : imperative n.

IMPLEMENT

Vocabulary Item : implement (v)

Synonym : carry out, execute
Turkish Definition : uygulamak
Example sentence : The changes to the national health system will be implemented next year.
Translation : Ulusal sağlık sistemindeki değişiklikler gelecek yıl uygulanacak.
Part of speech : implement n.

IMPLICATE

Vocabulary Item : implicate (v)

Synonym : connect, associate
Antonym : disconnect
Turkish Definition : ilişkilendirmek, bağlantı kurmak
Example sentence : Have they any evidence to implicate him in the robbery?
Translation : Soygunu onunla ilişkilendirmek için kanıtları var mı?
Part of speech : implication n.

IMPLY

Vocabulary Item : imply (v)

Synonym : say indirectly, hint
Antonym : declare
Turkish Definition : ima etmek
Example sentence : Are you implying (that) I'm fat?
Translation : Şişman olduğumu mu ima ediyorsun?
Part of speech : implication n. implied adj. implication n.

IMPOSE

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Vocabulary Item : impose (v)
Synonym : place on, lay upon
Antonym : remove, lift
Turkish Definition : empoze etmek
Example sentence : Very high taxes have recently been imposed on cigarettes
Translation : Son zamanlarda sigaraya çok yüksek oranda vergi kondu.
Part of speech : imposition n.

IMPOTENCE

Vocabulary Item : impotence (n)

Synonym : inability, powerlessness
Antonym : ability,strength
Turkish Definition : iktidarsızlık, güçsüzlük
Example sentence : Impotence is a serious problem which men encounter
frequently.
Translation : İktidarsızlık erkeklerin sık maruz kaldığı ciddi bir sorundur.
Part of speech : impotent adj.

IMPOVERISH

Vocabulary Item : impoverish (v)

Synonym : make poor, deprive
Antonym : enrich
Turkish Definition : fakirleştirmek
Example sentence : Excessive farming had impoverished the soil
Translation : Aşırı tarım toprağı fakirleştirdi.
Part of speech : impoverished adj. impoverishment n.

IMPRESS

Vocabulary Item : impress (v)

Synonym : affect, influence
Turkish Definition : etkilemek
Example sentence : He tried to impress me with his extensive
knowledge of wine
Translation : Şarap konsundaki geniş bilgisiyle beni etkilemeye çalıştı.
Part of speech : impressive adj. impressed adj.

IMPULSIVE

Vocabulary Item : impulsive (adj)

Synonym : instinctive, intuitive, sudden
Antonym : cautious,reluctant
Turkish Definition : ani, içgüdüsel
Example sentence : Don't be so impulsive - think before you act
Translation : Çok ani hareket etme-Harekete gemeden önce düşün.
Part of speech : impulsively adv. impulse v.

INADEQUATE

Vocabulary Item : inadequate (adj)

110
Synonym : insufficient, deficient
Antonym : adequate, enough
Turkish Definition : yetersiz
Example sentence : This work is woefully (= extremely) inadequate - you'll have to
do it again.
Translation : Bu çalışma çok yetersiz.Tekrar yapmak zorunda kalacaksın.
Part of speech : inadequately adv. inadequacy n.

INADVERTENTLY

Vocabulary Item : inadvertently (adv)

Synonym : unintentionally, involuntarily
Antonym : voluntarily
Turkish Definition : istemeyerek
Example sentence : All authors need to be wary of inadvertent copying of other
people's ideas.
Translation : Bütün yazarlar diğer insanların fikirlerini istemeyerekte olsa
kopya etmekten uzak durmaları gerekir.
Part of speech : inadvertent adj. inadvertence n.

INBORN

Vocabulary Item : inborn (adj)

Synonym : innate
Antonym : unnatural
Turkish Definition : doğuştan gelen
Example sentence : She seems to have an inborn talent for physics.
Translation : Fiziğe karşı doğuştan gelen bir yeteneği varmış gibi görünüyor.

INCENTIVE

Vocabulary Item : incentive (n)

Synonym : motivation, encouragement
Antonym : deterrrent,disincentive
Turkish Definition : teşvik, motivasyon
Example sentence : Bonus payments provide an incentive to work harder.
Translation : İkramiyeler daha fazla çalışmak için motivasyon sağlyor
Part of speech : incentivize v.

INCLINE

Vocabulary Item : incline (n)

Synonym : slope
Antonym : indispose,disincline
Turkish Definition : eğim, meyil
Example sentence :
Translation :
Part of speech : inclination n incline v. inclined adj.

INCREDIBLE

Vocabulary Item : incredible (adj)

111
Synonym : unbeliavable
Antonym : awful,believable
Turkish Definition : inanılmaz
Example sentence : It seems incredible that no one foresaw the crisis
Translation : Krizi kimsenin önceden farkedememesi inanılmaz gibi
görünüyor.
Part of speech : incredibly adv.

INDEFINITELY

Vocabulary Item : indefinitely (adv)

Synonym : forever
Turkish Definition : süresiz biçimde, sonsuza dek
Example sentence :
Translation :
Part of speech :

INDICT

Vocabulary Item : indict (v)

Synonym : accuse, blame
Turkish Definition : suçlamak
Example sentence : Five people were indicted for making and selling counterfeit
currency.
Translation :
Part of speech :indictable adj indictment n

INDIFFERENT

Vocabulary Item : indifferent (adj)

Synonym : uninterested
Antonym : interested
Turkish Definition : ilgisiz, kayıtsız
Example sentence : Why don't you vote - how can you be so indifferent (to what is
going on)!
Translation :
Part of speech : indifference n.

INDISPENSIBLE

Vocabulary Item : indispensible (adj)

Synonym : necessary, essential
Antonym : dispensible
Turkish Definition : vazgeçilemez, gerekli
Example sentence : This book is an indispensable resource for researchers.
Translation :
Part of speech : indispensability noun [U]

INDUCE

Vocabulary Item : induce (v)

Synonym : persuade, tempt, bring about, cause

112
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : ikna olmak, neden olmak
Example sentence : Nothing could induce me (= I definitely cannot be persuaded)
to climb a mountain/ride a bike.
Translation :
Part of speech : inducement noun induction noun

INDULGE

Vocabulary Item : indulge (v) (in)

Synonym : enjoy too much, give in too much
Antonym : thwart,disappoint
Turkish Definition : kendini kaptırmak, müptela olmak
Example sentence : The soccer fans indulged their patriotism, waving flags and
singing songs.
Translation :
Part of speech : indulgence n. indulgent adjective indulgently adverb

INEPT

Vocabulary Item : inept (adj)

Synonym : inappropriate,
Antonym : appropriate,suitable
Turkish Definition : uygun olmayan
Example sentence : He was criticized for his inept handling of the situation
Translation : Sorunu uygun olmayan bir şekilde ele almasından dolayı
eleştirildi.
Part of speech : ineptitude (n.)

INFER

Vocabulary Item : infer (v)

Synonym : conclude, deduce
Turkish Definition : çıkarım yapmak
Example sentence : I inferred from her expression that she wanted to leave.
Translation : Açıklamasından gitmek istediğini çıkardım.
Part of speech : inference n.

INFERIOR

Vocabulary Item : inferior (adj)

Synonym : lower, subordinate
Antonym : superior,excellent
Turkish Definition : aşağı, alt derece
Example sentence : These products are inferior to those we bought last year.
Translation : Bu ürünler geçen yıl aldıklarımıza göre çok kötü.

113
Part of speech : inferiority n.

INFINITE

Vocabulary Item : infinite (adj)

Synonym : unlimited, endless
Antonym : limited,restricted
Turkish Definition : sonsuz, sınırsız
Example sentence : The universe is theoretically infinite.
Translation :
Part of speech : infinitely adverb

INFLICT

Vocabulary Item : inflict (v)

Synonym : impose, cause, bring about
Antonym : remove
Turkish Definition : neden olmak, -e uğratmak
Example sentence : These new bullets are capable of inflicting massive injuries.
Translation :
Part of speech : infliction noun

INFLUENCE

Vocabulary Item : influence (v)

Synonym : affect
Antonym : prevent,hinder
Turkish Definition : etkilemek
Example sentence : At the time she was under the influence of her father.
Translation :
Part of speech : influence n. influential adjective

INFLUX

Vocabulary Item : influx (n)

Synonym : flood, arrival
Turkish Definition : akın etme, akış
Example sentence : Turkey is expecting an influx of several thousand refugees over
the next few days.
Translation :

INFRINGE

Vocabulary Item : infringe (v)

Synonym : break, violate, disobey
Antonym : keep
Turkish Definition : çiğnemek, ihlal etmek
Example sentence : They infringed building regulations
Translation : İmar planını ihlal ettiler.
Part of speech : infringement n.

INGENIOUS

Vocabulary Item : ingenious (adj)

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Synonym : clever, creative, highly skilled
Antonym : unskillful,uninventive
Turkish Definition : hünerli, marifetli, akıllı
Example sentence : Johnny is so ingenious - he can make the most remarkable
sculptures from the most ordinary materials.
Translation :
Part of speech : ingenuity n.

INHABIT

Vocabulary Item : inhabit (v)

Synonym : live on
Turkish Definition : yaşamak
Example sentence : These remote islands are inhabited only by birds and small
animals.
Translation : Bu uzak adalarda sadece kuşlar ve küçük hayvanlar yaşar.
Part of speech : inhabitant noun inhabitable adjective

INHERENT

Vocabulary Item : inherent (adj)

Synonym : inborn
Antonym : incidental
Turkish Definition : doğal, doğuştan gelen
Example sentence : I have an inherent distrust of lawyers.
Translation : Avukatlara karşı doğuştan gelen bir güvensizliğim var.
Part of speech : inherently adv.

INHERIT

Vocabulary Item : inherit (v)

Synonym : receive, derive from a death
Antonym : bequeath
Turkish Definition : miras almak, kalıtım yoluyla elde etmek
Example sentence : Who will inherit the house when he dies?
Translation : Öldüğünde evi kime miras kalacak?
Part of speech : inheritance n. inheritor n.

INHIBIT

Vocabulary Item : inhibit (v)

Synonym : prevent, hamper
Antonym : help
Turkish Definition : engel olmak
Example sentence This drug inhibits the growth of tumours.
Translation : Bu ilaç tümörlerin büyümesine engel oluyor.
Part of speech : inhibited adj. inhibition n.

INITIAL

Vocabulary Item : initial (adj)

Synonym : first, beginning
Antonym : last,final

115
Turkish Definition : İlk,öncelikli
Example sentence :Initial reports say that seven people have died, though this has
not yet been confirmed.
Translation : İlk haberler yedi kişinin öldüğünü söylüyor ama bu henüz
doğrulanmadı.
Part of speech : initially adv.

INITIATE

Vocabulary Item : initiate (v)

Synonym : start, begin
Antonym : end,finish
Turkish Definition : başlatmak
Example sentence : Who initiated the violence?
Translation : Kavgayı kim başlattı?
Part of speech : initiation n.

INNATE

Vocabulary Item : inborn (adj)

Synonym : inborn, inherited
Antonym : incidental
Turkish Definition : doğuştan gelen
Example sentence : Cyril's most impressive quality was his innate goodness.
Translation : Cyrill’in en etkileyici özelliği doğuştan gelen iyiliğiydi.
Part of speech : innately adv.

INNOVATE

Vocabulary Item : innovative (adj)

Synonym : inventive, original
Antonym : conservative
Turkish Definition : yenilikçi
Example sentence : The fashion industry is always desperate to innovate.
Translation : Moda endüstrisi yeniliklere daima açıktır.
Part of speech : innovate v. innovation n.

INQUIRE

Vocabulary Item : inquire (v)

Synonym : ask, investigate
Turkish Definition : sormak, soruşturmak
Example sentence : "Where are we going?" he inquired politely.
Translation : Nazikçe ‘Nereye gidiyoruz?’ diye sordu.
Part of speech : inquiry n.

INQUISITIVE

Vocabulary Item : inquisitive (adj)

Synonym : curious, inquiring
Antonym : uninterested
Turkish Definition : meraklı

116
Example sentence : She could see inquisitive faces looking out from the windows
next door.
Translation : Yan daireden dışarı bakan meraklı yüzleri görebiliyordu.
Part of speech : inquisitively adverb inquisitiveness noun

INSANE

Vocabulary Item : insane (adj)

Synonym : crazy, mad
Antonym : sane,sensible
Turkish Definition : çılgın, deli
Example sentence : I sometimes think I'm going insane
Translation : Bazen delirmeye başladığımı düşünüyorum.
Part of speech : insanity n.

INSPIRE

Vocabulary Item : inspire (v)

Synonym : motivate, encourage
Antonym : disencourage
Turkish Definition : ilham vermek
Example sentence : The captain's heroic effort inspired them with determination.
Translation :
Part of speech : inspiration n.

INSTILL

Vocabulary Item : instill (v)

Synonym : fill, inspire
Antonym : extract
Turkish Definition : aşılamak
Example sentence : It is part of a teacher's job to instil confidence in his or her
students.
Translation : Öğrencilerine güven aşılamak öğretmenin işinin bir parçasıdır.

INSTINCT

Vocabulary Item : instinct (n)

Synonym : natural feeling, impulse
Antonym : reason
Turkish Definition : içgüdü
Example sentence : It is instinct that tells the birds when to begin their migration.
Translation : Kuşlara ne zaman göç edeceklerini söyleyen içgüdüleridir.
Part of speech : instinctive adj.

INSULT

Vocabulary Item : insult (v)

Synonym : offend
Antonym : honor
Turkish Definition : aşağılamak, hakaret etmek
Example sentence : She made several insults about my appearance.
Translation : Benim görünüşüme karşı birkaç hakaret etti.

117
Part of speech : insult n. insulting adjective insultingly adverb

INSURMOUNTABLE

Vocabulary Item : intangible (adj)

Synonym : formidable, overwhelming
Antonym : surmountable
Turkish Definition : aşırı, çok büyük
Example sentence : This small country is faced with an insurmountable debt.
Translation : Bu küçük ülke aşırı bir borçla karşı karşıya.
Part of speech :

INTANGIBLE

Vocabulary Item : intangible (adj)

Synonym : untouchable
Antonym : touchable
Turkish Definition : dokunulmaz
Example sentence : She has that intangible quality which you might call charisma.
Translation :
Part of speech : intangible noun intangibly adv.

INTENSE

Vocabulary Item : intense (adj)

Synonym : extreme, intensified
Antonym : mild, relaxed
Turkish Definition : yoğun
Example sentence : He suddenly felt an intense pain in his back.
Translation : Aniden sırtında büyük bir acı hissetti.
Part of speech : intensify v. intensely adv. intensity n. intensifier n
intensify v. intensification n.

INTENTIONAL

Vocabulary Item : intentional (adj)

Synonym : deliberate, on purpose, planned
Antonym : casual,accidental
Turkish Definition : kasıtlı
Example sentence : Did you leave his name out by accident or was it intentional?
Translation : İsmini kasıtlı mı yoksa kazara mı çıkardın?
Part of speech : intend v intent noun intention noun intention noun

INTERACT

Vocabulary Item : interact (v)

Synonym : act on each other
Turkish Definition : etkileşimde bulunmak
Example sentence : Dominique's teacher says that she interacts well with the other
children.
Translation : Dominique’in öğretmeni diğer çocuklarla iyi bir etkileşim içinde
olduğunu söylüyor.

118
Part of speech : interaction n. interactive adj. interactively adverb

INTERFERE WITH

Vocabulary Item : interfere with (v)

Synonym : prevent, inhibit
Turkish Definition : engel olmak
Example sentence : Even a low level of noise interferes with my concentration.
Translation : Düşük seviyedeki bir gürültü bile konsantre olmaı engeller.

INTERFERE IN

Vocabulary Item : interfere in (v)

Synonym : intervene in
Turkish Definition : karışmak, müdahale etmek
Example sentence : Interfering in other people's relationships is always a mistake.
Translation : Diğer insanların ilişlilerine karışmak her zaman bir hatadır.
Part of speech : interference n.

INTERIM

Vocabulary Item : interim (adj)

Synonym : provisional
Turkish Definition : geçici
Example sentence : An interim government was set up for the period before the
country's first free election.
Translation :Ülkenin ilk özgür seçimlerinden önce geçici bir hükümet kuruldu.
Part of speech : interim (n.)

INTERMITTENT

Vocabulary Item : intermittent (adj)

Synonym : periodic
Antonym : continuous
Turkish Definition : aralıklı
Example sentence : Although she made intermittent movie appearances, she was
essentially a stage actress.
Translation : Sinemada ara ara görünse de gerçekte bir sahne sanatçısıydı.
Part of speech : intermittently adverb

INTERPRET

Vocabulary Item : interpret (v)

119
Synonym : elucidate, explain
Antonym : misconceive,falsify
Turkish Definition : yorumlamak
Example sentence : If Shakespeare's plays are to reach a large audience they need
to be interpreted in a modern style.
Translation : Eğer Shakespeare’in oyunları geniş bir kitleye ulaşacaksa,
modern bir tarzda yorumlanmaları gerekmektedir.
Part of speech : interpretation n. interpreter noun

INTERROGATE

Vocabulary Item : interrogate (v)

Synonym : question
Turkish Definition : sorgulamak
Example sentence : Thousands of dissidents have been interrogated or imprisoned
in recent weeks.
Translation :
Part of speech : interrogation n. interrogator n.

INTERVAL

Vocabulary Item : interval n.

Synonym : break, gap
Antonym : continuity
Turkish Definition : ara
Example sentence : We see each other at regular intervals - usually about once a
month.
Translation : Belirli aralıklarla görüşüyoruz.-genelde aydabir.

INTERVENE

Vocabulary Item : intervene (n)

Synonym : interfere
Turkish Definition : müdahale etmek, araya girmek
Example sentence : The Minister intervened personally to stop the museum being
closed.
Translation : Bakan müzenin kapanmasını durdurmak için bizzat müdahale
etti.
Part of speech : intervention n. interventionist adj. interventionism n.

INTIMACY

Vocabulary Item : intimacy (n)

Synonym : closeness, sincerity
Antonym : distance
Turkish Definition : yakınlık, samimiyet
Example sentence : Intimacy between teachers and students is not recommended.
Translation : Öğretmen ve öğrenciler arasında samimiyet pek önerilmez.
Part of speech : intimate adj. intimately adverb intimate adjective

INTIMIDATE

120
Vocabulary Item : intimidate (v)
Synonym : scare, frighten, threaten
Antonym : encourage
Turkish Definition : korkutmak
Example sentence : They were intimidated into accepting a pay cut by the threat of
losing their jobs.
Translation :
Part of speech : intimidated adj. intimidation n. intimidating adj.

INTRINSIC

Vocabulary Item : intrinsic (adj)

Synonym : inherent, inborn, basic
Antonym : extrinsic
Turkish Definition : içten gelen
Example sentence : Maths is an intrinsic part of the school curriculum.
Translation :
Part of speech : intrinsically adv.

INTRUDE

Vocabulary Item : intrude (v)

Synonym : infringe
Turkish Definition : izinsiz girmek
Example sentence : I didn't realise your husband was here, Dr Jones - I hope I'm
not intruding.
Translation :
Part of speech : intrusion n. intruder noun intrusive adjective

INTUITION

Vocabulary Item : intuition (n)

Synonym : instinctive knowledge
Turkish Definition : sezgi
Example sentence : I can't explain how I knew - I just had an intuition that you'd
been involved in an accident.
Translation :
Part of speech : intuitive adj. intuit verbintuitively adverb

INVADE

Vocabulary Item : invade (v)

Synonym : occupy, enter by force
Antonym : abandon
Turkish Definition : istila etmek
Example sentence : Concentrations of troops near the border look set to invade
within the next few days.
Translation :
Part of speech : invader noun invasion noun invasive Adjective

INVALID

Vocabulary Item : invalid (adj)

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Synonym : unacceptable, null
Antonym : valid
Turkish Definition : geçersiz
Example sentence : I'm afraid your driving licence is invalid in Eastern Europe.
Translation :
Part of speech : invalidate v. invalidation n. invalidity n.

INVARIABLY

Vocabulary Item : invariably (v)

Synonym : always, constantly
Antonym : momentarily,instantly
Turkish Definition : değişmez şekilde, daima, sürekli
Example sentence : The train is invariably late.
Translation : Tren sürekli gecikir.

INVESTIGATE

Vocabulary Item : investigate (v)

Synonym : look into, explore
Turkish Definition : araştırmak
Example sentence : We are of course investigating how an error like this could have
occurred.
Translation :
Part of speech : investigation n. investigative adj. investigator noun

INVOLVE

Vocabulary Item : involve (v)

Synonym : include, require
Antonym : exclude
Turkish Definition : içermek, gerektirmek
Example sentence : I prefer teaching methods that actively involve students in
learning
Translation :
Part of speech : involvement noun

IRRELEVANT

Vocabulary Item : irrelevant (adj)

Synonym : impertinent
Antonym : relevant
Turkish Definition : ilgisiz, alakasız
Example sentence : These documents are largely irrelevant to the present
investigation.
Translation :
Part of speech : irrelevance noun irrelevantly adverb

IRREVERSIBLE

Vocabulary Item : irreversible (adj)

Synonym : irreperable
Antonym : reversible
Turkish Definition : geri dönüşü olmayan

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Example sentence : Smoking has caused irreversible damage to his lungs.
Translation :
Part of speech : irreversibly adverb

IRRIGATE

Vocabulary Item : irrigate (v)

Synonym : water
Turkish Definition : sulamak
Example sentence :
Translation :
Part of speech : irrigation n.

IRRITATE

Vocabulary Item : irritate (v)

Synonym : anger, annoy
Antonym : cheer up
Turkish Definition : kızdırmak
Example sentence : After a while her behaviour really began to irritate me.
Translation :
Part of speech : irritated adj. irritant n. irritating adj. irritatingly adv.

ISOLATE

Vocabulary Item : isolate (v)

Synonym : seperate, segregate
Antonym : unify
Turkish Definition : soyutlamak, ayırmak
Example sentence : associate,unite
Translation :
Translation :
Part of speech : isolation n.

J
JEOPARDIZE

Vocabulary Item : jeopardize (v)

Synonym : endanger
Antonym : protect
Turkish Definition : tehlikeye atmak
Example sentence : She knew that by failing her exams she could jeopardize her
whole future.
Translation :
Part of speech : jeopardy n.

JUST

Vocabulary Item : just (adj)

Synonym : fair
Antonym : unjust,unlawful
Turkish Definition : adil

123
Example sentence : The judge's sentence was perfectly just in the circumstances
Translation :
Part of speech : justice n.

JUSTICE

Vocabulary Item : justice (n)

Synonym : fairness, equity
Antonym : injustice,unfairness
Turkish Definition : adalet
Example sentence : There's no justice in the world when people can be made to
suffer like that.
Translation :
Part of speech : justifiable adj. justify v.

JUSTIFY

Vocabulary Item : justify (v)

Synonym : vindicate
Antonym : condemn
Turkish Definition : haklı göstermek
Example sentence : It was the only thing that I could do - I don't have to justify
myself to anyone.
Translation :
Part of speech : justification n.

JUVENILE

Vocabulary Item : juvenile (n)

Synonym : young person, teenager
Antonym : mature,adult
Turkish Definition : genç kişi
Example sentence :
Translation :
Part of speech : juvenile adjective

K
KEEN

Vocabulary Item : keen (adj)

Synonym : eager, willing, acute
Antonym : apathetic
Turkish Definition : istekli, düşkün
Example sentence : They were very keen to start work as soon as possible.
Translation :
Part of speech : keenness noun

124
KIDNAP

Vocabulary Item : kidnap (v)

Synonym : abduct
Antonym : free,liberate
Turkish Definition : insan kaçırmak
Example sentence : The wife of a businessman has been kidnapped from her home
in Surrey.
Translation :
Part of speech :

KNACK

Vocabulary Item : knack (n)

Synonym : ability, talent
Antonym : inability,awkwardness
Turkish Definition : yetenek
Example sentence : She has the knack of making people feel comfortable.
Translation :
Part of speech :

L.
LACK OF

Vocabulary Item : lack (n)

Synonym : deficiency,shortness
Antonym : plenty,abundance
Turkish Definition : yoksun olmak
Example sentence : Her only problem is lack of confidence.
Translation :
Part of speech : lack noun lacking adjective

LATENT

Vocabulary Item : latent (adj)

Synonym : hidden, concealed
Antonym : visible,apparent
Turkish Definition : gizli
Example sentence : We're trying to bring out the latent artistic talents that many
people possess without realising it.
Translation :
Part of speech : latency noun

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LAUNCH

Vocabulary Item : launch (v)

Synonym : start, begin, set off
Turkish Definition : başlamak, fırlatmak
Example sentence : The airline will launch its new transatlantic service next month.
Translation :
Part of speech : launch noun

LAY

Vocabulary Item : lay (v)

Synonym : put down
Antonym : lift up
Turkish Definition : koymak
Example sentence : She laid the baby on the bed.
Translation :
Part of speech :

LAYER

Vocabulary Item : layer (n)

Synonym : stratum
Turkish Definition : tabaka
Example sentence : A thick layer of clay lies over the sandstone.
Translation :
Part of speech : layer verb layered adjective

LEGACY

Vocabulary Item : legacy (n)

Synonym : inheritance, bequest
Turkish Definition : miras
Example sentence : An elderly cousin had left her a small legacy.
Translation :
Part of speech :

LEGEND

Vocabulary Item : legend (n)

Synonym : folk, tale, myth
Antonym : fact,truth
Turkish Definition : efsane
Example sentence : She is writing a thesis on Irish legend and mythology.
Translation :
Part of speech : legendary adjective

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LEGIBLE

Vocabulary Item : legible (adj)

Synonym : well-written
Antonym : illegible
Turkish Definition : okunaklı, okunabilir
Example sentence : Her handwriting is barely legible.
Translation :
Part of speech : legibly adverb

LEGISLATE

Vocabulary Item : legislate (v)

Synonym : make laws, enforce laws
Turkish Definition : yasa yapmak
Example sentence : They promised to legislate against cigarette advertising.
Translation :
Part of speech : legislation n. legislative adjective

LEGITIMATE

Vocabulary Item : legitimate (adj)

Synonym : legal, lawful
Antonym : illegal,illegitimate
Turkish Definition : yasal
Example sentence : The army must give power back to the legitimate government.
Translation :
Part of speech : legitimacy n. legitimize v. legitimately adverb

LETHAL

Vocabulary Item : lethal (adj)

Synonym : fatal, deadly
Antonym : safe
Turkish Definition : öldürücü
Example sentence : In the car the police found guns, knives and other lethal
weapons
Translation :
Part of speech : lethally adverb

LIABILITY

Vocabulary Item : liability (n)

Synonym : debt, responsibility, inclination, proneness
Antonym : irresponsibility
Turkish Definition : borç, sorumluluk, eğilim
Example sentence : He denies any liability for the damage caused.
Translation :
Part of speech : liable adj.

127
LIKELY

Vocabulary Item : likely (adj)

Synonym : probable, possible
Antonym : unlikely,improbable
Turkish Definition : olası, muhtemel
Example sentence : Do remind me because I'm likely to forget.
Translation :
Part of speech :

LITERACY

Vocabulary Item : literacy (n)

Synonym : ability to read and write
Antonym : illiteracy
Turkish Definition : okur yazarlık
Example sentence : Far more resources are needed to improve adult literacy.
Translation :
Part of speech :literate (adj.)

LITTER

Vocabulary Item : litter (n)

Synonym : rubbish, garbage
Antonym : order,cleanliness
Turkish Definition : çöp
Example sentence : About 2% of fast-food packaging ends up as litter.
Translation :
Part of speech :litter(v)

LOATH

Vocabulary Item : loath (adj)

Synonym : unwilling, reluctant
Antonym : eager,enthusiastic
Turkish Definition : isteksiz
Example sentence : I'm loath to spend it all at once.
Translation :

LOTTERY

Vocabulary Item : lottery (n)

Synonym : chance game, raffle
Turkish Definition : şans oyunu, piyango
Example sentence :
Translation :

LOYAL

Vocabulary Item : loyal (adj)

Synonym : faithful, allegiant
Antonym : disloyal
Turkish Definition : sadık
Example sentence : When all her other friends deserted her, Steve remained loyal.

128
Translation :
Part of speech : loyalty n. loyally adverb

LUCRATIVE

Vocabulary Item : lucrative (adj)

Synonym : profitable
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : karlı
Example sentence : The merger proved to be very lucrative for both companies.
Translation :
Part of speech : lucratively adverb lucrativeness noun

LURE

Vocabulary Item : lure (v)

Synonym : attract, allure, entice
Antonym : remunerative
Turkish Definition : cezbetmek, çekmek
Example sentence : Supermarket chains try to lure customers with price discounts.
Translation :
Part of speech : lure noun

M
MAGNIFICENT

Vocabulary Item : magnificent (adj)

Synonym : splendid, impressive
Antonym : ordinary
Turkish Definition : büyüleyici
Example sentence : They live in a magnificent Tudor house.
Translation :
Part of speech : magnificently adverb magnificence noun

MAINTAIN

Vocabulary Item : maintain (v)

Synonym : keep, continue, preserve
Antonym : neglect,abandon
Turkish Definition : sürdürmek, korumak
Example sentence : The film has maintained its position as the critics' favourite for
another year.
Translation :

129
Part of speech : maintenance n.

MALIGN

Vocabulary Item : malign (adj)

Synonym : bad, negative
Antonym : good,positive
Turkish Definition : kötü
Example sentence : Foreign domination had a malign influence on local politics.
Translation :
Part of speech : malignant adj. malign verb malignity noun

MALNUTRITION

Vocabulary Item : malnutrition (n)

Synonym : lack of proper nutrition
Turkish Definition : kötü beslenme
Example sentence : Many of the refugees are suffering from severe malnutrition.
Translation :

MANDATORY

Vocabulary Item : mandatory (adj)

Synonym : obligatory, compulsory, required
Turkish Definition : zorunlu
Example sentence : Athletes must undergo a mandatory drugs test before
competing in the championship.
Translation :
Part of speech : mandate (n)

MANIFEST

Vocabulary Item : manifest (v)

Synonym : show, exhibit
Antonym : hide,conceal
Turkish Definition : göstermek
Example sentence : The workers chose to manifest their dissatisfaction in a series of
strikes
Translation :
Part of speech : manifestation n. manifest adjective manifestly adv.

MANUFACTURE

Vocabulary Item : manufacture (v)

Synonym : make, product
Turkish Definition : üretmek, imal etmek
Example sentence : He works for a company that manufactures car parts.
Translation :
Part of speech : manufacture noun manufacturer noun

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MASSACRE

Vocabulary Item : massacre (n)

Synonym : genocide,slaughter
Turkish Definition : katliam
Example sentence : He ordered the massacre of 2, 000 women and children.
Translation :
Part of speech : massacre verb

MASSIVE

Vocabulary Item : massive (adj)

Synonym : huge, immense
Antonym : small,slight
Turkish Definition : büyük, kocaman
Example sentence : They've got a massive house.
Translation :
Part of speech : massively adverb massiveness noun

MATURE

Vocabulary Item : mature (adj)

Synonym : developed, full-grown
Antonym : immature,young
Turkish Definition : olgun
Example sentence : Mature male gorillas have silver-grey hairs on their backs.
Translation :
Part of speech : maturity n. maturation noun

MEAN

Vocabulary Item : mean (adj)

Synonym : stingy, selfish
Antonym : generous
Turkish Definition : cimri
Example sentence : My landlord's very mean with the heating - it's only on for two
hours each day.
Translation :
Part of speech : meanly adverb meanness noun

MEANS

Vocabulary Item : means (n)

Synonym : way, method,
Turkish Definition : araç, yol
Example sentence : We need to find some other means of transportation.
Translation :

MEASURE

Vocabulary Item : measure (n)

131
Synonym : step, precaution
Turkish Definition : önlem
Example sentence :
Translation :
Part of speech :

MEDIEVAL

Vocabulary Item : medieval (adj)

Synonym : belonging to middle ages
Turkish Definition : orta çağa ait
Example sentence : This is a medieval painting
Translation :
Part of speech :

MEDIOCRE

Vocabulary Item : mediocre (adj)

Synonym : average,middling
Antonym : superior
Turkish Definition : orta
Example sentence : The film's plot is predictable and the acting is mediocre.
Translation :
Part of speech : mediocrity noun

MENACE

Vocabulary Item : menace (v)

Synonym : threaten
Turkish Definition : tehdit etmek
Example sentence : Hurricane Hugo menaced the US coast for a week.
Translation :
Part of speech : menace n. menacing adjective menacingly adverb

MEND

Vocabulary Item : mend (v)

Synonym : repair, fix
Antonym : damage,harm
Turkish Definition : tamir etmek, onarmak
Example sentence : The plumber came to mend the burst pipe.
Translation :
Part of speech : mend noun mending noun

MERCHANDISE

Vocabulary Item : merchandise (n)

Synonym : property, good
Turkish Definition : mal, mülk
Example sentence : Shoppers complained about poor quality merchandise and high
prices.
Translation :

132
Part of speech : merchandising noun

MERCIFUL

Vocabulary Item : merciful (adj)

Synonym : tender, lender, forgiving
Antonym : cruel,severe,pitiless
Turkish Definition : merhametli, insaflı
Example sentence : "God is merciful, " said the priest
Translation : Rahip ’’Tanrı merhametlidir.’’dedi
Part of speech : mercy v.mercifully adverb

MERELY

Vocabulary Item : merely (adv)

Synonym : only, solely, just
Turkish Definition : yalnızca, sadece
Example sentence : I wasn't complaining, I merely said that I was tired.
Translation : Şikayet etmiyordum. Sadece yorgun olduğumu söyledim.
Part of speech : mere adj. merest adj.

MERGE

Vocabulary Item : merge (v)

Synonym : unite, join
Antonym : seperate
Turkish Definition : birleşmek, evlenmek
Example sentence : The country's two biggest banks are planning to merge.
Translation : Ülkenin en büyük iki bankası birleşmeyi planlıyor.
Part of speech : merger n.

METICULOUS

Vocabulary Item : meticulous (adj)

Synonym : careful
Antonym : careless,sloppy
Turkish Definition : özenli, dikkatli
Example sentence : Many hours of meticulous preparation have gone into writing
the book.
Translation :
Part of speech : meticulously adv. meticulousness n.

MIGHTY

Vocabulary Item : mighty (adj)

133
Synonym : powerful, strong
Antonym : weak,frail
Turkish Definition : güçlü
Example sentence : In the next game they will face the mighty Redskins.
Translation : Bir sonraki maçta güçlü Redskins takımıyla karşılaşacaklar.
Part of speech : might n. mighty adverb mightily adverb

MIGRATION

Vocabulary Item : migration (n)

Synonym : immigration, movement
Antonym : remain,stay
Turkish Definition : göç
Example sentence : There was a mass migration of poverty-struck farmers into the
cities.
Translation :
Part of speech : migratory n. migrant noun migrate verb

MIRACLE

Vocabulary Item : miracle (adj)

Synonym : wonder, marvel
Turkish Definition : mucize
Example sentence : I can't promise a miracle cure, but I think we can improve
things.
Translation :
Part of speech : miraculous adj. miraculously adverb

MISCELLANEOUS

Vocabulary Item : miscellaneous (adj)

Synonym : various,diverse
Turkish Definition : çeşitli
Example sentence :
Translation :
Part of speech : miscellany noun

MISERABLE

Vocabulary Item : miserable (adj)

Synonym : unhappy, cheerless, awful
Antonym : happy
Turkish Definition : sefil, mutsuz, neşesiz
Example sentence : She's miserable living on her own.
Translation :
Part of speech : miserably adverb misery noun

MISHAP

Vocabulary Item : mishap (n)

Synonym : misfortune, unfortunate accident
Turkish Definition : aksilik, kaza
Example sentence : The parade was very well organised and passed without mishap

134
Translation :
Part of speech :

MITIGATE

Vocabulary Item : mitigate (v)

Synonym : lessen, ease
Antonym : aggravate
Turkish Definition : azaltmak
Example sentence : It is unclear how to mitigate the effects of tourism on the
island.
Translation :
Part of speech : mitigating adjective mitigation noun

MODERATE

Vocabulary Item : moderate (adj)

Synonym : mild, reasonable
Antonym : extreme,immoderate
Turkish Definition : ılımlı, ölçülü
Example sentence :
Translation :
Part of speech : moderately adv.

MODEST

Vocabulary Item : modest (adj)

Synonym : decent, humble
Antonym : arrogant
Turkish Definition : alçakgönüllü
Example sentence :
Translation :
Part of speech :

MODIFY

Vocabulary Item : modify (v)

Synonym : change, alter, shift, vary
Turkish Definition : değiştirmek
Example sentence : The proposals were unpopular and were only accepted in a
modified form.
Translation :
Part of speech : modification noun

MOIST

Vocabulary Item : moist (adj)

Synonym : damp, humid, wet
Antonym : dry
Turkish Definition : rutubetli, nemli
Example sentence : Keep the soil in the pot moist, but not too wet.
Translation :
Part of speech : moisture n. moisten verb moistness noun

135
MOMENTUM

Vocabulary Item : momentum (n)

Synonym : speed, velocity, impetus
Turkish Definition : hız, ivme
Example sentence : The spacecraft will fly round the Earth to gather momentum for
its trip to Jupiter.
Translation :
Part of speech :

MOODY

Vocabulary Item : moody (adj)

Synonym : irritable
Antonym : even-tempered
Turkish Definition : sinirli, asabi
Example sentence : He can be quite moody.
Translation : Çok sinirli olabilir.
Part of speech : mood (n) moodily adverb moodiness noun

MORAL

Vocabulary Item : moral (adj)

Synonym : ethical, virtuos
Antonym : immoral
Turkish Definition : ahlaki
Example sentence : It's her moral obligation to tell the police what she knows.
Translation :
Part of speech : morality n. moral n. moralist n. moralistic
adj. moralize v morally adv.
MUSTER

Vocabulary Item : muster (v)

Synonym : collect, gather, assemble
Antonym : disperse
Turkish Definition : toplamak, biraraya getirmek
Example sentence :
Translation :
Part of speech :

MUTINY

Vocabulary Item : mutiny (n)

Synonym : revolt, rebellion
Turkish Definition : isyan
Example sentence : Conditions on the ship were often very bad, and crews were on
the point of mutiny.
Translation : Gemideki koşullar genelde çok kötüydü ve tayfalar isyanın
eşiğindeydi.
Part of speech : mutineer n. mutiny verb mutinous adjective

MUTUAL

136
Vocabulary Item : mutual (adj)
Synonym : reciprocal, common
Turkish Definition : karşılıklı, çift taraflı
Example sentence : Theirs was a partnership based on mutual respect, trust and
understanding.
Translation : Onlarınki karşılıklı anlayış, güven ve saygıya dayanan bir
ilişkiydi.
Part of speech : mutually adverb

N
NAIVE

Vocabulary Item : naive (adj)

Synonym : foolish, credulous
Antonym : shrewe
Turkish Definition : saf
Example sentence : She was very naive to believe that he'd stay with her
Translation : Onun kendisiyle yaşayacağına inanacak kadar saftı.
Part of speech : naively adv.

NEAT

Vocabulary Item : neat (adj)

Synonym : tidy
Antonym : untidy
Turkish Definition : temiz, düzenli
Example sentence : She likes everything neat and tidy.
Translation : Herşeyin düzenli ve temiz olmasını ister.
Part of speech : neaten v. neatly adv.

NECESSARY

Vocabulary Item : necessary (adj)

Synonym : essential
Antonym : unnecessary
Turkish Definition : gerekli
Example sentence : He lacks the necessary skills for the job.
Translation : İş için gerekli beceriler onda eksik
Part of speech : necessitate v. necessarily adv.

NEGLIGIBLE

137
Vocabulary Item : negligible (adj)
Synonym : unimportant, insignificant
Antonym : important
Turkish Definition : önemsiz
Example sentence : The difference between the two products is negligible
Translation : İki ürün arasındaki fark önemsiz.
Part of speech : neglect v.

NEGOTIATE

Vocabulary Item : negotiate (v)

Synonym : discuss, talk, bargain
Turkish Definition : görüşmek, pazarlık yapmak
Example sentence : The government has refused to negotiate with the strikers.
Translation :
Part of speech : negotiation n.

NOMINATE

Vocabulary Item : nominate (v)

Synonym : appoint, elect, select
Antonym : withdraw
Turkish Definition : aday gösterme
Example sentence : President Yeltsin nominated acting prime minister Sergei
Kiriyenko to head the government.
Translation :
Part of speech : nominee n.

NONSENSE

Vocabulary Item : nonsense (adj)

Synonym : irrationality
Antonym : sense
Turkish Definition : saçmalık
Example sentence : This report is nonsense and nothing but a waste of paper
Translation : Bu haber saçma ve kağıt israfından başka birşey değil.
Part of speech : nonsensical

NOTABLY

Vocabulary Item : notably (adv)

Synonym : especially, particularly, in particular
Turkish Definition : özellikle
Example sentence : They have begun attracting investors, most notably big
Japanese financial houses
Translation :
Part of speech : notable adj.

NOTEWORTHY

138
Vocabulary Item : noteworthy (adj)
Synonym : remarkable, extraordinary
Turkish Definition : kayda değer
Example sentence : It is noteworthy that one-third of students do not pay any
tuition fees
Translation : Öğrencilerin üçte birinin harç parası ödememesi kayda değer.

NOTIFY

Vocabulary Item : notify (v)

Synonym : inform
Antonym : conceal,misinform
Turkish Definition : bildirmek, bilgilendirmek
Example sentence : The school is required to notify parents if their children fail to
come to school.
Translation : Eğer çocukları okula gelmiyorsa okulun ebeveynleri
bilgilendirmesi gerekir.
Part of speech : notifiable adj. notification n.
NOTION

Vocabulary Item : notion (n)

Synonym : idea, concept
Turkish Definition : fikir
Example sentence : I have only a vague notion of what she does for a living
Translation :
Part of speech : notional adj.

NOTORIOUS

Vocabulary Item : notorious (adj)

Synonym : infamous, disreputable
Turkish Definition : kötü şöhreti olan
Example sentence : The company is notorious for paying its bills late.
Translation :
Part of speech : notoriously adv.

NOURISH

Vocabulary Item : nourish (v)

Synonym : feed, nurture
Antonym : starve,destroy
Turkish Definition : beslemek
Example sentence : Children need plenty of good fresh food to nourish them
Translation :
Part of speech : nourishement n. nourishing adj.

NUCTURNAL

Vocabulary Item : nucturnal (adj)

Synonym : night, dark
Turkish Definition : karanlık, geceye ait
Example sentence : Most bats are nocturnal
Translation : Yarasaların çoğu gece ortaya çıkar.

139
NUISANCE

Vocabulary Item : nuisance (n)

Synonym : trouble, problem
Antonym : pleasure, delight
Turkish Definition : dert, baş belası
Example sentence : It's such a nuisance having to rewrite those letters.
Translation : Bu mektupları yazmak zorunda kalmak tam anlamıyla baş
belası.

NULLIFY

Vocabulary Item : nullify (v)

Synonym : cancel, annul, invalidate
Antonym : enact
Turkish Definition : iptal etmek, geçersiz kılmak
Example sentence : The state death penalty law was nullified in 1977.
Translation :

NURTURE

Vocabulary Item : nurture (v)

Synonym : look after, cultivate, rear
Antonym : neglect
Turkish Definition : bakmak, beslemek, geliştirmek
Example sentence : She wants to stay home and nurture her children.
Translation : Evde kalıp çocuklarına bakmayı istiyor.
Part of speech : nurture n.

NUTRITION

Vocabulary Item : nutrition (n)

Synonym : food, nutriment, nourishment
Turkish Definition : gıda, beslenme
Example sentence : Good nutrition is essential if patients are to make a quick
recovery
Translation :

Part of speech : nutritious adj. nutritional adj.

O
OBEDIENT

Vocabulary Item : obedient (adj)

Synonym : conformable, abiding
Antonym : disrespectful
Turkish Definition : uyumlu, kurallara uyan
Example sentence : Students are expected to be quiet and obedient in the
classroom.

140
Translation : Öğrencilerin sınıfta sessiz olmaları ve kurallara uymaları
beklenir.
Part of speech : obey v. obediently adv. obedience n.

OBESITY

Vocabulary Item : obesity (n)

Synonym : fatness, plumpness
Turkish Definition : şişmanlık
Example sentence : A diet that is high in fat can lead to obesity.
Translation : Yağ oranı yüksek bir beslenme obeziteye yol açabilir.
Part of speech : obese n.

OBEY

Vocabulary Item : obey (v)

Synonym : abide by, comply with
Antonym : disobey, resist
Turkish Definition : uymak
Example sentence : The soldiers refused to obey (orders).
Translation : Askerler emirlere itaat etmeyi reddetti.
Part of speech : obedience(n) obedient(n)

OBJECT

Vocabulary Item : object to (v)

Synonym : disapprove, protest
Antonym : agree
Turkish Definition : itiraz etmek
Example sentence : No-one objected when the boss said it was time to go home.
Translation : Patron eve gitme zamanı dediğinde kimse itiraz etmedi.
Part of speech : objection n. objectionable adj.

OBLIGATION

Vocabulary Item : obligation n.

Synonym : compulsion, requirement
Turkish Definition : yükümlülük, zorunluluk
Example sentence : If you have not signed a contract, you are under no obligation
to (= it is not necessary to) pay them any money
Translation : Sözleşme imzalamadıysan, onlara para ödeme zorunluluğun
yoktur.
Part of speech : be obliged to v. obligatory adj.

OBLIVIOUS

Vocabulary Item : oblivious (adj)

Synonym : unaware, unconscious
Antonym : conscious, aware
Turkish Definition : habersiz
Example sentence : The government seems oblivious to the likely effects of the new
legislation.

141
Translation :
Part of speech : obliviously adv. obliviousness n.

OBSCURE

Vocabulary Item : obscure (adj)

Synonym : vague, ambigious
Antonym : definite, clear
Turkish Definition : belirsiz
Example sentence : an obscure island in the Pacific
Translation :
Part of speech : obscurity n.

OBSESS

Vocabulary Item : obsess (v)

Synonym : preoccupy, recur in the mind
Turkish Definition : saplantı haline getirmek
Example sentence : Why are people so obsessed with money?
Translation : Neden insanlar parayı bu kadar kafalarına takarlar?
Part of speech : obsession n. obsessive adj. obsessed adj.

OBSOLETE

Vocabulary Item : obsolete (adj)

Synonym : old-fashioned, outdated
Antonym : modern, current
Turkish Definition : modası geçmiş, eskimiş
Example sentence : Gas lamps became obsolete when electric lighting was invented
Translation : Elektrik icat edilince gaz lambalarının modası gecti.
Part of speech :

OBSTACLE

Vocabulary Item : obstacle (n)

Synonym : barrier, obstruction, impediment
Antonym : support, aid
Turkish Definition : engel
Example sentence : The biggest obstacle in our way was a tree trunk in the road
Translation : Önümüzdeki en büyük engel,yoldaki ağaç gövdesiydi.

OBSTINATE

Vocabulary Item : obstinate (adj)

Synonym : stubborn,
Antonym : pliant, tractable
Turkish Definition : inatçı
Example sentence : He can be very obstinate at times
Translation : Bazı zamanlar çok inatçı olabilir.
Part of speech : obstinacy n.

OBSTRUCT

142
Vocabulary Item : obstruct (v)
Synonym : block, hinder
Antonym : aid, promote
Turkish Definition : engel olmak
Example sentence : After the earthquake many roads were obstructed by collapsed
buildings.
Translation : Depremden sonra yıkık binalar yolları kapattı.
Part of speech : obstruction n.

OBVIATE

Vocabulary Item : obviate (v)

Synonym : prevent, hamper
Turkish Definition : önlemek
Example sentence : A peaceful solution would obviate the need to send a UN
military force.

Turkish Definition : Barışçıl bir çözüm, BM’nin askeri güç gönderme ihtiyacını
giderebilir.

OCCUR

Vocabulary Item : occur (v)

Synonym : happen, take place
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : meydana gelmek
Example sentence : If any of these symptoms occur while you are taking the
medicine, consult your doctor immediately.
Translation :
Part of speech : occurence

OCCUPY

Vocabulary Item : occupy (v)

Synonym : inhabit, reside, lodge in
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : işgal etmek
Example sentence : The bathroom's occupied - I think John's in there
Translation :
Part of speech : occupancy n.

ODD

Vocabulary Item : odd (adj)

Synonym : strange, weird, peculiar
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : garip, tuhaf
Example sentence : Her father was an odd man.
Translation :
Part of speech : oddity n.

143
ODOR

Vocabulary Item : odor (n)

Synonym : smell
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : koku
Example sentence : Inside the room there was the unmistakable odour of sweaty
feet
Translation :
Part of speech : odorless adj.

OFFEND

Vocabulary Item : offend (v)

Synonym : anger, annoy
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : gücendirmek
Example sentence : Do you suppose it would be offending against good taste to
wear a patterned tie with my striped shirt?
Translation :
Part of speech : offensive adj.
OFFSPRING

Vocabulary Item : offspring (n)

Synonym : children
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : çocuklar
Example sentence : In the case of the guinea pig, the number of offspring varies
between two and five.
Translation :

OMIT

Vocabulary Item : omit (v)

Synonym : delete, leave out
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : çıkarmak
Example sentence : She was omitted from the list of contributors to the report.
Translation :
Part of speech : omission n.

ONSLAUGHT

Vocabulary Item : onslaught (n)

Synonym : attack, assault
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : saldırı
Example sentence : Scotland's onslaught on Wales in the second half of the match
earned them a 4-1 victory.
Translation :

OPPRESS

144
Vocabulary Item : oppress (v)
Synonym : suppress, trouble
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : eziyet etmek, ezmek
Example sentence : For years now, the people have been oppressed by a ruthless
dictator
Translation :
Part of speech : oppression n. oppressed adj.

OPTION

Vocabulary Item : option (n)

Synonym : choice, alternative, preference
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : seçenek, tercih
Example sentence : The best option would be to cancel the trip altogether
Translation :
Part of speech : optional adj.

OSTENSIBLY

Vocabulary Item : ostensibly (adv)

Synonym : apparently, seemingly
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : görünürde
Example sentence : He has spent the past three months in Florida, ostensibly for
medical treatment, but in actual fact to avoid prosecution for a
series of notorious armed robberies
Translation :
Part of speech : ostensible adj.

OUTCOME

Vocabulary Item : outcome (n)

Synonym : result, consequence
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : sonuç
Example sentence : It's too early to predict the outcome of the meeting
Translation :

OUTLAY

Vocabulary Item : outlay (n)

Synonym : expense, expenditure

145
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : masraf, harcama
Example sentence : For an initial outlay of £2000 to buy the equipment, you should
be earning up to £500 a month if the product sells well.
Translation :
Part of speech : outlay v.

OUTNUMBER

Vocabulary Item : outnumber (v)

Synonym : greater in number
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : sayıca üstün gelmek
Example sentence : In our office, the women outnumber the men 3 to 1.
Translation :

OUTWEIGH

Vocabulary Item : outweigh (v)

Synonym : greater in weight
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : daha ağır basmak, daha önemli olmak
Example sentence : The benefits of this treatment far outweigh any risks.
Translation :

OVERCOME

Vocabulary Item : overcome (v)

Synonym : conquer, surmount
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : aşmak, üstesinden gelmek
Example sentence : Eventually she managed to overcome her shyness in class.
Translation :

OVERLAP

Vocabulary Item : overlap (v)

Synonym : cover by extension
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : üst üste gelmek
Example sentence : The fence is made of panels which overlap (each other).
Translation :
Part of speech : overlap n. overlapping adj.

146
OVERLOOK

Vocabulary Item : overlook (v)

Synonym : ignore, disregard
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : gözardı etmek
Example sentence : I think there is one key fact that you have overlooked.
Translation :

OVERRIDING

Vocabulary Item : overriding (adj)

Synonym : major, principal
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : önemli ,ağır basan
Example sentence : The government's overriding concern is to reduce inflation.
Translation :
Part of speech : override v.

OVERWHELMING

Vocabulary Item : overwhelming (adj)

Synonym : overpowering
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : ezici
Example sentence : She felt an overwhelming urge/desire/need to tell someone
about what had happened.
Translation :
Part of speech : overwhelmingly adv.

147
P
PACE

Vocabulary Item : pace (n)

Synonym : step, tempo
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : tempo
Example sentence : When she thought she heard someone following her, she
quickened her pace.
Translation :

PARADISE

Vocabulary Item : paradise (n)

Synonym : heaven
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : cennet
Example sentence : They believe they'll go to Paradise after they die.
Translation :
Part of speech :

PARADOX

Vocabulary Item : paradox (n)

Synonym : contradiction, inconsistency
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : çelişki
Example sentence : It's a curious paradox that drinking a lot of water can often
make you feel thirsty.
Translation :
Part of speech : paradoxical adj. paradoxically adv.

PARAMOUNT

Vocabulary Item : paramount (adj)

Synonym : supreme
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : son derece önemli

148
Example sentence : There are many priorities, but reducing the budget deficit is
paramount/is of paramount importance.
Translation :

PARTIAL

Vocabulary Item : partial (adj)

Synonym : incomplete, biased
Antonym : complete
Turkish Definition : kısmen
Example sentence : The general has ordered a partial withdrawal of troops from the
area
Translation :
Part of speech : partially adv.

PASSION

Vocabulary Item : passion (n)

Synonym : love, desire, greed
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : tutku, hırs
Example sentence : Football arouses a good deal of passion among its supporters
Translation :
Part of speech : passionate adj.

PEAK

Vocabulary Item : peak (n)

Synonym : summit, zenith
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : zirve
Example sentence : Holiday flights reach a peak during August
Translation :
Part of speech : peak v. peak adj.

PECULIAR

Vocabulary Item : peculiar (adj)

Synonym : strange, odd, weird
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : tuhaf, acaip
Example sentence : She has the most peculiar ideas.
Translation :
Part of speech : peculiarity n.

PENETRATE

149
Vocabulary Item : penetrate (v)
Synonym : enter
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : girmek, nüfuz etmek
Example sentence : Amazingly, the bullet did not penetrate his brain.
Translation :
Part of speech : penetration n.

PER

Vocabulary Item : per (adj)

Synonym : one, for each
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : -başına, tek
Example sentence : The car was travelling at 70 miles per hour (70 mph).
Translation :

PERCEIVE

Vocabulary Item : perceive (v)

Synonym : see, notice
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : algılamak
Example sentence : Bill perceived a tiny figure in the distance.
Translation :
Part of speech : perception n.

PERENNIAL

Vocabulary Item : perennial (adj)

Synonym : lasting, constant
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : sürekli, kalıcı
Example sentence : We face the perennial problem of not having enough money.
Translation :
Part of speech : perennially adv.

PERISH

Vocabulary Item : perish (v)

Synonym : die out, disappear
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : yok olma
Example sentence : Three hundred people perished in the earthquake
Translation :
Part of speech : perishable adj.

PERMANENT

Vocabulary Item : permanent (adj)

Synonym : perpetual, continuous
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : sürekli , devam eden

150
Example sentence : She is looking for a permanent place to stay
Translation :
Part of speech : permanence n.

PERPLEX

Vocabulary Item : perplex (v)

Synonym : bewilder, confuse, astonish
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : şaşırtmak
Example sentence : The disease has continued to perplex doctors
Translation :
Part of speech : perplexing adj. perplexity n.

PERSECUTE

Vocabulary Item : persecute (v)

Synonym : abuse, maltreat
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : kötü davranmak
Example sentence : Religious minorities were persecuted and massacred during the
ten-year regime.
Translation :
Part of speech : persecution n. persecutor n.

PERSEVERE

Vocabulary Item : persevere (v)

Synonym : persist, continue
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : sebat etmek
Example sentence : The education director is persevering in his attempt to obtain
additional funding for the school.
Translation :
Part of speech : perseverance n. persevering adj.

PERSIST

Vocabulary Item : persist (v)

Synonym : persevere, continue
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : ısrar etmek, devam etmek
Example sentence : If the pain persists, consult a doctor.
Translation :
Part of speech : persistence n. persistent adj. persistently adv.

PERSPIRE

Vocabulary Item : perspire (v)

Synonym : sweat

151
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : terlemek
Example sentence : He was perspiring in his thick woollen suit
Translation :
Part of speech : perspiration n.

PERSUADE

Vocabulary Item : persuade (v)

Synonym : convince
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : ikna etmek
Example sentence : If she doesn't want to go, nothing you can say will persuade her
Translation :
Part of speech : persuasion n.

PERTAIN

Vocabulary Item : pertain (v)

Synonym : relate to, bear upon
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : ilişkili olmak
Example sentence : We are only interested in the parts of the proposals that pertain
to local issues.
Translation :
Part of speech : pertinent adj.

PERVADE

Vocabulary Item : pervade (v)

Synonym : spread, penetrate
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : yayılmak, dağılmak
Example sentence : The film is a reflection of the violence that pervades American
culture
Translation :
Part of speech : pervasive adj.

PHASE

Vocabulary Item : phase (n)

Synonym : stage, period
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : safha, evre
Example sentence : The project is only in the initial phase as yet, but it's looking
quite promising
Translation :
Part of speech : phase v.

152
PLAIN

Vocabulary Item : plain (adj)

Synonym : simple
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : sade, yalın
Example sentence : We've chosen a plain carpet (= one without a pattern) and
patterned curtains.
Translation :
Part of speech : plainly adv.

PLEDGE

Vocabulary Item : pledge (n)

Synonym : promise
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : söz
Example sentence : Thousands of people made pledges (= promised to give money)
to the Children in Need charity campaign.
Translation :
Part of speech : pledge v.

POISON

Vocabulary Item : poison (n)

Synonym : venom, toxin
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : zehir
Example sentence : Her drink had been laced with a deadly poison.
Translation :
Part of speech : poisonous adj.

PORTRAY

Vocabulary Item : portray (v)

Synonym : represent, display
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : göstermek, sergilemek
Example sentence : The painting portrays a beautiful young woman in a blue dress
Translation :
Part of speech :

POSE

Vocabulary Item : pose (v)

Synonym : create
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : yaratmak, oluşturmak
Example sentence : Nuclear weapons pose a threat to everyone
Translation :

153
POSTERITY

Vocabulary Item : posterity (n)

Synonym : future generation
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : gelecek nesil
Example sentence : Every attempt is being made to ensure that these works of art
are preserved for posterity
Translation :

POTENT

Vocabulary Item : potent (adj)

Synonym : effective, powerful
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : güçlü
Example sentence : The Berlin Wall was a potent symbol of the Cold War.
Translation :
Part of speech : potency n. potently adv.

PRECAUTION

Vocabulary Item : precaution n.

Synonym : measure, step
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : önlem, tedbir
Example sentence : They failed to take the necessary precautions to avoid infection
Translation :
Part of speech : precautionary adj.

PRECIPITATE

Vocabulary Item : precipitate v.

Synonym : accelerate, hasten
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : hızlandırmak
Example sentence : An invasion would certainly precipitate a political crisis
Translation :
Part of speech : precipitate adj. precipitately adv.

PRECIPITATION

Vocabulary Item : precipitation n.

Synonym : rainfall, snow
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : yağış
Example sentence : The forecast is for dry, cloudy weather with no precipitation
expected.
Translation :

154
PRECISE

Vocabulary Item : precise (adj)

Synonym : exact, definite
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : kesin, kati
Example sentence : He caught me at the precise moment that I fainted
Translation :
Part of speech : precision n. precisely adv.

PREDOMINANTLY

Vocabulary Item : predominantly (adv)

Synonym : mainly, chiefly
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : başlıca, baskın şekilde
Example sentence : She is predominantly a dancer, but she also sings.
Translation :
Part of speech : predominant adj. predominance n.

PREJUDICE

Vocabulary Item : prejudice (n)

Synonym : bias, prejudgement
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : önyargı
Example sentence : Laws against racial prejudice must be strictly enforced.
Translation :
Part of speech : prejudiced adj.

PRELIMINARY

Vocabulary Item : preliminary (adj)

Synonym : first, early, initial
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : ilk
Example sentence : Preliminary results show that the vaccine is effective
Translation :
Part of speech : preliminary n.

PREREQUISITE

Vocabulary Item : prerequisite (n)

Synonym : requirement, precondition
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : önkoşul
Example sentence : Passing a written exam is a prerequisite for taking the advanced
course
Translation :

PRESUME

155
Vocabulary Item : presume (v)
Synonym :
Antonym : varsaymak
Turkish Definition : I presume (that) they're not coming, since they haven't replied
to the invitation
Example sentence :
Translation :
Part of speech : presumably (adv)

PREVAIL

Vocabulary Item : prevail (v)

Synonym : abound, exist thoroughly
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : hakim olmak
Example sentence : I am sure that common sense will prevail in the end
Translation :
Part of speech : prevalence n. prevailing adj.

PREY

Vocabulary Item : prey (n)

Synonym : victim
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : av, kurban
Example sentence : A hawk hovered in the air before swooping on its prey
Translation :

PRIOR TO

Vocabulary Item : prior to (prep) + NP

Synonym : before
Antonym : after
Turkish Definition : -den önce
Example sentence : the weeks prior to her death
Translation :
Part of speech : priority n.

PRIVILEDGED

Vocabulary Item : priviledged (adj)

Synonym :
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : ayrıcalıklı
Example sentence : I have been privileged to work with the pioneers of silicon
technology.
Translation :
Part of speech : priviledge n.

PROBE

156
Vocabulary Item : probe (n)
Synonym : exploration, investigation, inquiry
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : araştırma
Example sentence : an FBI probe into corruption
Translation :
Part of speech : probation n.

PROFOUND

Vocabulary Item : profound (adj)

Synonym : deep
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : derin
Example sentence : His mother's death when he was aged six had a very profound
effect on him.
Translation :
Part of speech : profoundly adv.

PROHIBIT

Vocabulary Item : prohibit (v)

Synonym : ban, forbid,
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : yasaklamak
Example sentence : Motor vehicles are prohibited from driving in the town centre
Translation :
Part of speech : prohibition n.

PROLIFIC

Vocabulary Item : prolific (adj)

Synonym : productive, fertile, fruitful
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : verimli, üretken
Example sentence : He was probably the most prolific songwriter of his generation.
Translation :

PROMINENT

Vocabulary Item : prominent (adj)

Synonym : famous, well-known
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : ünlü, tanınmış
Example sentence : The government should be playing a more prominent role in
promoting human rights
Translation :
Part of speech : prominently adv.

PROMISING

Vocabulary Item : promising (adj)

Synonym : hopeful, encouraging

157
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : gelecek vadeden
Example sentence : They won the award for the most promising new band of the
year.
Translation :
Part of speech :

PROMOTE

Vocabulary Item : promote (v)

Synonym : give a higher position to smb, aid, foster
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : terfi etmek, ilerlemek
Example sentence : It has long been known that regular exercise promotes all-
round good health
Translation :
Part of speech : promoter n. promotion n.

PROMPT

Vocabulary Item : prompt (v)

Synonym : cause,urge, motivate, encourage
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : sevketmek, yöneltmek, neden olmak
Example sentence : I don't know what prompted him to leave.
Translation :
Part of speech : prompt n.

PROPERTY

Vocabulary Item : property (n)

Synonym : possession, belonging n.
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : mal, mülk
Example sentence : He owns a number of properties in the centre of London.
Translation :

PROPONENT

Vocabulary Item : proponent (n)

Synonym : advocate, defender
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : savunucu, taraftar
Example sentence : He is one of the leading proponents of capital punishment
Translation :

PROSPECT

Vocabulary Item : prospect (n)

Synonym : chance, likelihood, hope, expectation
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : olasılık, beklenti
Example sentence : Is there any prospect of the weather improving

158
Translation :
Part of speech : prospective (adj)

PROSPER

Vocabulary Item : prosper (v)

Synonym : flourish, thrive
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : gelişmek
Example sentence : A lot of microchip manufacturing companies prospered at that
time.
Translation :
Part of speech : prosperous adj.

PROVE

Vocabulary Item : prove (v)

Synonym : verify, confirm
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : kanıtlamak
Example sentence : They suspected that she'd killed him but they could never
actually prove that it was her
Translation :
Part of speech : proof n.

PROVISION

Vocabulary Item : provision (n)

Synonym : condition
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : koşul
Example sentence :
Translation :
Part of speech :

PROVISIONS

Vocabulary Item : provisions (n)

Synonym : food, groceries
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : erzak, araç-gereç
Example sentence : provisions for the journey
Translation :
Part of speech :

PROVISIONAL

Vocabulary Item : provisional (adj)

Synonym : interim, temporary
Antonym : permenant
Turkish Definition : geçici
Example sentence : These dates are only provisional.
Translation :

159
Part of speech :

PRUDENT

Vocabulary Item : prudent (adj)

Synonym : wise, sensible, cautious
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : akıllı, tedbirli
Example sentence : It's always prudent to read a contract properly before signing it.
Translation :
Part of speech : prudently adv. prudence n.

PUNCTUAL

Vocabulary Item : punctual (adj)

Synonym : on time, prompt
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : dakik
Example sentence : He's fairly punctual
Translation :
Part of speech : punctually adv. punctuality n.

PURSUE

Vocabulary Item : pursue (v)

Synonym : follow, chase
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : takip etmek, izlemek
Example sentence : The car was pursued by helicopters
Translation :
Part of speech : pursuer n. pursuit n.

PURSUIT

Vocabulary Item : pursuit (n)

Synonym : search, leisure activity
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : arayış, uğraş
Example sentence : I don't have much opportunity for leisure pursuits these days.
Translation :

PROS AND CONS

Vocabulary Item : pros and cons (n)

Synonym : advantages and disadvantages
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : artılar ve eksiler
Example sentence : We're just weighing up the pros and cons (= advantages and
disadvantages) of moving to a bigger house.
Translation :

160
R
RAISE

Vocabulary Item : raise (v)

Synonym : increase, rear, bring up, mention
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : artırmak, yükselmek, gündeme getirmek
Example sentence : The government plan to raise taxes.
Translation :

RAMPANT

161
Vocabulary Item : rampant (adj)
Synonym : widespread, increasing, prevalent
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : yaygın
Example sentence : Disease is rampant in the overcrowded city.
Translation :
Part of speech :

RANGE

Vocabulary Item : range (v) (from..to)

Synonym : vary
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : arasında farklılık göstermek
Example sentence : Prices range between $50 and $250
Translation :
Part of speech : range n.

RANK

Vocabulary Item : rank (n)

Synonym : position, title, status
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : mevki, makam
Example sentence : He has just been promoted to the rank of captain
Translation :
Part of speech : rank v.

RARE

Vocabulary Item : rare (adj)

Synonym : scarce
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : nadir, kıt
Example sentence : The museum is full of rare and precious treasures
Translation :
Part of speech : rarity n. rarely adv.

RASH

Vocabulary Item : rash (adj)

Synonym : hasty, reckless, thoughtless
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : aceleci, düşüncesiz
Example sentence : That was a rash decision - you didn't think about the costs
involved
Translation :
Part of speech : rashness n. rashly adv.

REALM

Vocabulary Item : realm (n)

162
Synonym : area, region, field
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : alan, saha
Example sentence : Her interests are in the realm of practical politics
Translation :

REAR

Vocabulary Item : rear (v)

Synonym : bring up, raise, care for
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : büyütmek, yetiştirmek
Example sentence : The lion slowly reared its head (= lifted it up) and looked
around
Translation :
Part of speech :

REASSURE

Vocabulary Item : reassure (v)

Synonym : assure, confide
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : güvence vermek
Example sentence : He reassured me (that) my cheque would arrive soon.
Translation :
Part of speech : reassuring adj. reassuringly adv. reassurance n.

REBEL

Vocabulary Item : rebel (v) (against)

Synonym : revolt, rise up
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : ayaklanmak
Example sentence : The people rebelled against the harsh new government
Translation :
Part of speech : rebellious adj. rebellion n.

RECESSION

Vocabulary Item : recession (n)

Synonym : decline, downturn, slump
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : durgunluk, gerileme
Example sentence : The country is sliding into the depths of (a) recession
Translation :
Part of speech : recessed adj.

RECIPROCAL

Vocabulary Item : reciprocal (adj)

Synonym : mutual
Antonym :

163
Turkish Definition : işteş, karşılıklı
Example sentence :
Translation :
Part of speech : reciprocate v. reciprocally adv.

RECONCILIATION

Vocabulary Item : reconciliation (n)

Synonym : agreement, settlement
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : anlaşma, uzlaşma
Example sentence : It took hours of negotiations to bring about a reconciliation
between the two sides.
Translation :
Part of speech : reconcile v. reconciled adj.

RECREATION

Vocabulary Item : recreation (n)

Synonym : leisure, pastime, amusement
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : eğlence
Example sentence : His favourite recreations are golf and playing Scrabble.
Translation :
Part of speech : recreational adj.

RECRUIT

Vocabulary Item : recruit (v)

Synonym : employ, enroll
Antonym : sack, fire, dismiss
Turkish Definition : işe almak, askere almak
Example sentence : Even young boys are now being recruited into the army.
Translation :
Part of speech : recruit n. recritment n.
RECURRENCE

Vocabulary Item : recurrence (n)

Synonym : reappearance, repetition
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : tekrarlama, nüksetme
Example sentence : The doctor told him to go to the hospital if there was a
recurrence of his symptoms
Translation :
Part of speech : recur v.

REDUNDANT

Vocabulary Item : redundant (adj)

Synonym : unnecessary, inessential
Antonym : necessary
Turkish Definition : gereksiz, fazla, işsiz

164
Example sentence : To keep the company alive, half the workforce is being made
redundant
Translation :
Part of speech : redundancy n.

REFRAIN FROM

Vocabulary Item : refrain from (v)

Synonym : abstain from, avoid doing sth
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : kaçınmak
Example sentence : We refrained from talking until we knew that it was safe
Translation :

REGARDLESS OF

Vocabulary Item : regardless of (prep)

Synonym : irrespective of
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : -e bakılmaksızın, kaideye almadan
Example sentence : This job is open to all, regardless of previous experience.
Translation :
Part of speech : regard n. regarding adj.

REHEARSAL

Vocabulary Item : rehearsal (n)

Synonym : trial, preparation
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : deneme, prova
Example sentence : They didn't have time for (a) rehearsal before the performance
Translation :
Part of speech : rehearse v.

REIGN

Vocabulary Item : reign (v)

Synonym : rule, power, govern
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : tahtta olmak, hüküm sürmek
Example sentence : Queen Victoria reigned over Britain from 1837 to 1901.
Translation :
Part of speech : reigning adj.

REINFORCE

Vocabulary Item : reinforce (v)

Synonym : strenghten, make stronger
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : güçlendirmek
Example sentence : His behaviour merely reinforced my dislike of him.
Translation :
Part of speech : reinforcement n.

165
RELATIVE

Vocabulary Item : relative (adj)

Synonym : comparative
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : göreceli, -e nispeten
Example sentence : The amount of petrol a car uses is relative to its speed
Translation :
Part of speech : relatively adv.

RELENTLESSLY

Vocabulary Item : relentlessly (adv)

Synonym : unmercifully, continuously, constantly
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : amansız, sürekli şekilde
Example sentence : She has campaigned relentlessly for her husband's release from
prison.
Translation :
Part of speech : relentless adj.

RELEVANT

Vocabulary Item : relevant (adj)

Synonym : related, pertinent
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : ilgili, alakalı
Example sentence : Education should be relevant to the child's needs.
Translation :
Part of speech : relevance n.

RELIABILITY

Vocabulary Item : reliability (n)

Synonym : dependability, trustworthness
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : güvenilirlik
Example sentence : Rolls-Royce cars are famous for their quality and reliability
Translation :
Part of speech : rely v. reliance n. reliant adj. reliable adj.

RELIEF

Vocabulary Item : relief (n)

Synonym : comfort, aid,
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : rahatlık, ferahlama

166
Example sentence : Pop stars have raised millions of pounds for famine relief in
Africa
Translation :
Part of speech : relieve v.

RELISH

Vocabulary Item : relish (v)

Synonym : like, enjoy
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : hoşlanmak
Example sentence : I don't relish telling her that her son has been arrested.
Translation :
Part of speech : relish n.

RELUCTANT

Synonym : reluctant (adj)

Antonym : unwilling
Turkish Definition :
Example sentence : isteksiz
Translation : She persuaded her reluctant husband to take a trip to Florida
with her.
Part of speech : reluctantly adv. reluctance n.

REMINISCENT

Vocabulary Item : reminiscent (adj)

Synonym : remindful
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : hatırlatıcı
Example sentence : That song is so reminiscent of my adolescence
Translation :
Part of speech : reminiscence n. reminisce v.

RENDER

Vocabulary Item : render (v)

Synonym : make, causes to be...
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : -mesine neden olmak
Example sentence : New technology has rendered my old computer obsolete
Translation :
Part of speech : rendering adj.

RENOWN

Vocabulary Item : renown (n)

Synonym : fame, reputation,

167
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : ün, şöhret
Example sentence : Her renown spread across the country.
Translation :
Part of speech : renowned adj.

REPEAL

Vocabulary Item : repeal (v)

Synonym : revoke, annul
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : iptal etmek
Example sentence : If a government repeals a law, it causes that law no longer to
have any legal force.
Translation :
Part of speech : repeal n.

REPEL

Vocabulary Item : repel (v)

Synonym : keep away, drive back
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : geri püskürtmek
Example sentence :
Translation :
Part of speech :

REPENT

Vocabulary Item : repent (v)

Synonym : regret, feel sorry
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : pişman olmak, üzgün hissetmek
Example sentence : The defenders repelled the attack without losing any men.
Translation :
Part of speech : repellent n.

REPRISAL

Vocabulary Item : reprisal (n)

Synonym : counter-attack
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : misilleme
Example sentence : The attack was in reprisal for the kidnapping of their leaders
Translation :

REPUTATION

Vocabulary Item : reputation (n)

Synonym : fame, prominence, renown
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : ün, şöhret

168
Example sentence : The company has a worldwide reputation for quality
Translation :
Part of speech : reputable adj.

RESENT

Vocabulary Item : resent (v)

Synonym : feel angry, feel offenden
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : alınmak, gücenmek
Example sentence : She bitterly resented her father's new wife
Translation :
Part of speech : resentful adj.

RESOLUTION

Vocabulary Item : resolution (noun)

Synonym : decision, motion
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : karar tasarısı
Example sentence : joint resolution
Translation :

RESORT

Vocabulary Item : resort (to) (v)

Synonym : turn to, adopt
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : -e başvurmak
Example sentence : He got hold of the money legally, without resort to violence.
Translation :

RESTRAIN

Vocabulary Item : restrain (v)

Synonym : restrict, check, keep under control
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : kontrol altında tutmak, sınırlamak
Example sentence : When he started fighting, it took four police officers to restrain
him
Translation :
Part of speech : restraint n.

RESUME

Vocabulary Item : resume (v)

Synonym : start again
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : yeniden başlamak
Example sentence : Please resume your seats, as the performance will continue in
two minutes
Translation :

169
Part of speech : resumption n.

RETAIN

Vocabulary Item : retain (v)

Synonym : keep, maintain, preserve, hold
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : tutmak, alıkoymak, muhafaza etmek
Example sentence : He managed to retain his dignity throughout the performance
Translation :
Part of speech : retainer n.

RETALIATE

Vocabulary Item : retaliate (v)

Synonym : get revenge, strike back
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : missillemede bulunmak, karşılık vermek
Example sentence : If someone insults you, don't retaliate as it only makes the
situation worse.
Translation :
Part of speech : retaliation n.

RETARD

Vocabulary Item : retard (v)

Synonym : delay, impede, obstruct
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : geciktirmek
Example sentence : A rise in interest rates would severely retard economic growth.
Translation :
Part of speech : retardant adj. retard n.

RETENTION

Vocabulary Item : retention (n)

Synonym : preservation, maintenance
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : muhafaza etme, koruma
Example sentence : The retention of old technology has slowed the company's
growth
Translation :
Part of speech : retain v. retainer n.

RETRIEVE

Vocabulary Item : retrieve (n)

Synonym : recover, bring back
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : geri alma, geri getirme
Example sentence : Computers are used to store and retrieve information efficiently.
Translation :
Part of speech : retrieval n.

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REVENGE

Vocabulary Item : revenge (n)

Synonym : avenge, retaliate
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : intikam
Example sentence : She took/got/exacted (her) revenge on him for leaving her by
smashing up his car.
Translation :
Part of speech : revenge v.

REVENUE

Vocabulary Item : revenue (n)

Synonym : income, earnings
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : gelir, kazanç
Example sentence : Taxes provide most of the government's revenue
Translation :

REVERSAL

Vocabulary Item : reversal (n)

Synonym : repeal, annulment
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : iptal, tersine çevirme
Example sentence : We have suffered a couple of minor/temporary reversals
Translation :
Part of speech : reverse v. reversible adj.

REVIVAL

Vocabulary Item : revival (n)

Synonym : renewal, restoration
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : canlandırma, hayat verme
Example sentence : Recently, there has been some revival of (interest in) ancient
music
Translation :
Part of speech : revive v.

REVOKE

Vocabulary Item : revoke (v)

Synonym : cancel, annul, repeal
Antonym :

171
Turkish Definition : iptal etmek
Example sentence : The authorities have revoked their original decision to allow
development of this rural area.
Translation :
Part of speech : revocation n.

REWARD

Vocabulary Item : reward (n)

Synonym : prize
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : ödül
Example sentence : There's a reward for whoever finishes first. Translation
:
Part of speech : reward v.

RIDICULOUS

Vocabulary Item : ridicilous (adj)

Synonym : absurd, funny
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : gülünç, saçma
Example sentence : It's ridiculous to expect a two-year-old to be able to read!
Translation :
Part of speech : ridicule v. ridicilously adv.

RIGOROUS

Vocabulary Item : rigorous (adj)

Synonym : severe, harsh
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : sert, şiddetli
Example sentence : They were punished with unusual rigour
Translation :
Part of speech : rigor n.

RITUAL

Vocabulary Item : ritual (n)

Synonym : ceremony
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : dinsel tören, ayin
Example sentence :
Translation :
Part of speech : ritual adj. rite n. ritualistic adj. ritualistically adv.

RIVAL

Vocabulary Item : rival (n)

Synonym : opponent, competitor
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : rakip
Example sentence : The companies produce rival versions of the toy

172
Translation :
Part of speech : rival v. rivalry n. rival adj.

ROUGHLY

Vocabulary Item : roughly (adv)

Synonym : approximately, nearly, almost, about, virtually
Antonym : exactly
Turkish Definition : yaklaşık olarak
Example sentence : There has been an increase of roughly 2.25 million
Translation : Yaklaşık 2.25 milyonluk bir artış var.
Part of speech : rough adj. rough n.

RUIN

Vocabulary Item : ruin (v)

Synonym : destroy, collapse
Antonym : create, build
Turkish Definition : yıkmak, mahvetmek
Example sentence : Huge modern hotels have ruined this once unspoilt coastline
Translation : Devasa modern oteller daha önce bozulmamış sahil şeridini
mahvetti.
Part of speech : ruined adj. ruin n.

RULE

Vocabulary Item : rule (v)

Synonym : govern, reign
Turkish Definition : yönetmek, hüküm sürmek
Example sentence : Most modern kings and queens rule (their countries) only in a
formal way, without real power.
Translation : Birçok modern kral ve kraliçe ülkelerinde mutlak güç olmaksızın
formalite olarak hüküm sürüyorlar.
Part of speech : ruling adj. ruling n.

S
SACK

Vocabulary Item : sack (v)

Synonym : fire, dismiss
Turkish Definition : kovmak, işten çıkartmak
Example sentence : They sacked her for being late.
Translation : Geç kaldığı için işten kovdular.
Part of speech : sacked adj.

SACRED

Vocabulary Item : sacred (adj)

Synonym : holy

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Antonym : secular
Turkish Definition : kutsal
Example sentence : sacred relics/temples
Translation : kutsal tapınaklar
Part of speech : sacredness n.

SACRIFICE

Vocabulary Item : sacrifice (v)

Synonym : relinguish, abandon
Antonym : retain
Turkish Definition : fedakarlık yapmak
Example sentence : Many women sacrifice interesting careers for their family
Translation : Birçok kadın aileleri için ilginç kariyerlerinden fedakarlk
yapıyor.
Part of speech : sacrifice n.

SANCTION

Vocabulary Item : sanction (n)

Synonym : penalty, punishment, restriction
Antonym : disapproval
Turkish Definition : yaptırım
Example sentence : Trade/economic sanctions will only be lifted (= stopped) when
the aggressor nation withdraws its troops.
Translation : Ekonomik yaptırımlar sadece mütecaviz ülkenin askerlerini
çekmesiyle durdurulabilir.

SANE

Vocabulary Item : sane (adj)

Synonym : normal, sensible, sound
Antonym : insane
Turkish Definition : aklı başında
Example sentence : It was a sane (= sensible) decision and one we all respected.
Translation : Akıllıca bir karardı ve hepimiz saygı duyduk.
Part of speech : sanity n.

SCEPTICAL

Vocabulary Item : sceptical (adj)

Synonym : doubtful, dubious, disbelieving
Antonym : undoubtful
Turkish Definition : şüpheci, kuşkulu
Example sentence : Many experts remain sceptical about/of his claims
Translation : Birçok uzman kuşkulu ididalar ortaya atıyor.

174
Part of speech : sceptic adj. scepticism n.

SCHOLAR

Vocabulary Item : scholar (n)

Synonym : academic, researcher
Turkish Definition : bilgin, araştırmacı
Example sentence : Dr Miles was a distinguished scholar of Russian history.
Translation : Dr Miles Rus tarihi üzerine istisnai bir araştırmacıydı.
Part of speech : scholarly adv.

SCOPE

Vocabulary Item : scope (n)

Synonym : range
Turkish Definition : kapsam
Example sentence : I'm afraid that problem is beyond/outside the scope of my
lecture
Translation : Korkarım bu soru benim dersimin dışında
Part of speech : scope of:kapsam, scope for:fırsat

SCRUTINIZE

Vocabulary Item : scrutinize (v)

Synonym : examine in detail
Antonym : conjencture, guess
Turkish Definition : incelemek
Example sentence : He scrutinized the men's faces carefully/closely, trying to work
out who was lying
Translation : Kimin yalan söylediğini ortaya çıkarmak için adamların yüzünü
dikkatlice inceledi.
Part of speech : scrutiny n.

SCULPTURE

Vocabulary Item : sculpture (n)

Synonym : statue
Turkish Definition : heykel
Example sentence : The museum has several life-sized sculptures of people and
animals
Translation : Müzede insanların ve hayvanların aynı boyda birkaç heykeli var.
Part of speech : scuplt v.

SECULAR

Vocabulary Item : secular (adj)

Synonym : worldly
Antonym : religious
Turkish Definition : laik
Example sentence : We live in an increasingly secular society, in which religion has
less and less influence on our daily lives.
Translation : Dinin günlük hayatımızda çok az etkisinin olduğu gittikçe
daha da laikleşen bir toplumda yaşıyoruz.
Part of speech : secularism n. secularist adj. secularize v.

175
SEDENTARY

Vocabulary Item : sedentary (adj)

Synonym : sitting, inactive
Antonym : active, walking
Turkish Definition : oturarak, hareketsiz, masabaşı
Example sentence : a sedentary job/occupation
Translation : masabaşı iş

SEEK

Vocabulary Item : seek (v)

Synonym : look for, search for
Turkish Definition : aramak
Example sentence : Legal advice should be sought before you take any further
action
Translation : Harekete geçmeden önce yasal bir ihbar aranmalıdır..
Part of speech : seek to: çaba göstermek seeker n.

SEGREGATE

Vocabulary Item : segregate (v)

Synonym : seperate
Antonym : unite
Turkish Definition : ayırmak
Example sentence : Blacks were segregated from whites in every area of life.
Translation : Zenciler hayatın her alanında beyazlardan ayrı tutuldu.
Part of speech : segregation n.

SEIZE

Vocabulary Item : seize (v)

Synonym : capture, grab
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : kavramak, yakalamak, ele geçirmek
Example sentence : Troops yesterday seized control of the broadcasting station
Translation : Askerler dün televizyon istasyonunun kontrolünü ele geçirdi.
Part of speech : seizure n.

SENSELESS

Vocabulary Item : senseless (adj)

Synonym : pointless, meaningless
Antonym : meaningful,sensible
Turkish Definition : anlamsız
Example sentence : a senseless argument
Translation : anlamsız münakaşa
Part of speech : sense n. sensible adj. sensibly adv.

SENSIBLE

Vocabulary Item : sensible (adj)

Synonym : reasonable, rational

176
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : akıllı, mantıklı
Example sentence : He did not appear to be sensible of the difficulties that lay
ahead.
Translation :
Part of speech : sensibly adv.

SENTIMENT

Vocabulary Item : sentiment (n)

Synonym : feeling
Turkish Definition : duygu, his
Example sentence : Nationalist sentiment has increased in the area since the
bombing
Translation : Bombalamadan sonra bölgede milli duygular yükseldi.
Part of speech : sentimental adj.

SETBACK

Vocabulary Item : setback (n)

Synonym : defeat, difficulty
Antonym : ease
Turkish Definition : yenilgi, zorluk
Example sentence : There has been a slight/temporary setback in our plans
Translation : Planlarımızda geçici bir zorlukla karşı karşıyaydık.

SEVER

Vocabulary Item : sever (v)

Synonym : cut off, break
Antonym : join ,connect
Turkish Definition : bağını kopartmak
Example sentence : Electricity cables have been severed by the storm
Translation : Elektrik telleri fırtına nedeniyle koptu.
Part of speech : severance n.

SEVERE

Vocabulary Item : severe (adj)

Synonym : serious, acute
Antonym : mild, flexible
Turkish Definition : ciddi, sert, önemli
Example sentence : This is a school for children with severe learning difficulties.
Translation : Bu okul ciddi öğrenme zorlukları çeken öğrenciler içindir.
Part of speech : severity n. severely adv.

SEWAGE

Vocabulary Item : sewage (n)

Synonym : manure

177
Turkish Definition : lağım pisliği
Example sentence : Some cities in the world do not have proper facilities for the
disposal of sewage.
Translation : Dünyanın bazı şehirlerinde pisliğin yok edilmesi için düzenli
tesisler yoktur.
Part of speech : sewer n. sewerage n.

SHIFT

Vocabulary Item : shift (v)

Synonym : change, alter, modify
Antonym : conserve ,preserve
Turkish Definition : değişmek, değiştirmek
Example sentence : The wind is expected to shift (to the east) tomorrow.
Translation : Rüzgarın yarın doğuya yönelmesi bekleniyor.
Part of speech : shift n.

SHIPMENT

Vocabulary Item : shipment (n)

Synonym : delivery
Turkish Definition : sevkiyat
Example sentence : A shipment of urgent medical supplies is expected to arrive very
soon
Translation : Acil tıbbi techizat sevkiyatının kısazamanda ulaşması bekleniyor.
Part of speech : ship v.

SHORTAGE

Vocabulary Item : shortage (n)

Synonym : lack, scarcity
Antonym : plenty, abundance
Turkish Definition : kıtlık, eksiklik
Example sentence : There's a shortage of food and shelter in the refugee camps
Translation : Göçmen kamplarında barınak ve yiyecek eksikliği var.
Part of speech : short adj. shortness n.

SHRINK

Vocabulary Item : shrink (v)

Synonym : diminish, become smaller
Antonym : expand,swell
Turkish Definition : küçülmek, çekmek, azalmak
Example sentence : Your sweater will shrink if you wash it at too high a temperature
Translation : Eğer kazağını yüksek sıcaklıkta yıkarsan,çekebilir.
Part of speech : shrinkage n.

178
SIGNIFICANT

Vocabulary Item : significant (adj)

Synonym : crucial, vital, important
Antonym : insignificant
Turkish Definition : önemli
Example sentence : There has been a significant increase in the number of women
students in recent years.
Translation : Son yıllarda bayan öğrencilerin sayısında önemli bir artış var.
Part of speech : significance n. significantly adv.

SLIPPERY

Vocabulary Item : slippery (adj)

Synonym : icy, oily
Antonym : firm, safe
Turkish Definition : kaygan
Example sentence : The road was wet and slippery.
Translation : Yol ıslak ve kaygandı.
Part of speech : slip v.

SLOPE

Vocabulary Item : slope (n)

Synonym : incline
Antonym : deter
Turkish Definition : eğim
Example sentence : There's a very steep slope just before you reach the top of the
mountain
Translation : Dağın zirvesine ulaşmadan önce çok dik bir eğim var.
Part of speech : slope v.

SLUGGISH

Vocabulary Item : sluggish (adj)

Synonym : slow-moving
Antonym : fast-moving
Turkish Definition : ağır işleyen, yavaş seyreden
Example sentence : Something is wrong with the car - the engine feels a bit
sluggish.
Translation : Arabada ters giden birşey var. Motor biraz yavaş çalışıyor.
Part of speech : sluggishly adv. sluggishness n.

SOAR

Vocabulary Item : soar (v)

Synonym : rise, climb, mount
Antonym : descend
Turkish Definition : çok yükselmek
Example sentence : Temperatures will soar into the forties over the weekend say the
weather forecasters.
Translation : Hava tahmincileri haftasonunda sıcaklığın 40 derecelere
çıkacağını söylüyor.

179
Part of speech : soaring adj.

SOLACE

Vocabulary Item : solace (n)

Synonym : comfort, consolation
Antonym : afflict
Turkish Definition : teselli
Example sentence : When his wife left him, he found solace in the bottle
Translation : Karısı onu terkedince teselliyi içkide buldu.
Part of speech : solace v.

SOLE
Vocabulary Item : sole (adj)
Synonym : only, unique
Antonym : common
Turkish Definition : tek, bir tane
Example sentence : The sole survivor of the accident was found in the water after
six hours.
Translation : Kazadan hayatta kalan tek kişi 6 saat sonra suyun içinde
bulundu.
Part of speech : solely adv.
SOLIDARITY

Vocabulary Item : solidarity (n)

Synonym : unity, cohesion
Antonym : division
Turkish Definition : dayanışma
Example sentence : The lecturers joined the protest march to show solidarity with
their students.
Translation : Öğretmenler,öğrencilerle dayanışma içinde olduğunu göstermek
için protesto yürüyüşüne katıldı.

SOLITARY

Vocabulary Item : solitary (adj)

Synonym : lonely, lonesome
Antonym : many
Turkish Definition : yalnız
Example sentence : In the distance was a solitary building
Translation : Uzaklarda tek bir bina vardı.
Part of speech : sole adj.

SOPHISTICATED

Vocabulary Item : sophisticated (adj)

Synonym : cultivated, developed, complex
Antonym : simple
Turkish Definition : görmüş geçirmiş, gelişmiş, karmaşık
Example sentence : I think a more sophisticated approach is needed to solve this
problem
Translation : Bence bu sorunu çözmek için daha gelişmiş bir yaklaşım gerek
Part of speech : sophistication n.

180
SORT

Vocabulary Item : sort (v)

Synonym : classify, arrange
Turkish Definition : sıralamak, sınıflandırmak
Example sentence : You can use the computer to sort the newspaper articles
alphabetically, by date, or by subject.
Translation : Gazete makalelerini alfabetik yada konu olarak sınıflandırmak
için bilgisayarı kullanabilirsin.

Part of speech : sort n.

SOVEREIGN

Vocabulary Item : sovereign (adj)

Synonym : ruling, reigning
Antonym : secondary
Turkish Definition : hükmeden, egemen olan
Example sentence : We must respect the rights of sovereign (= completely
independent) states/nations to conduct their own affairs
Translation : Bağımsız ülkelerin kendi işlerini yönetme haklarına saygı
duymak zorundayız.
Part of speech : sovereign n. soverignity n.

SPAN

Vocabulary Item : span (n)

Synonym : distance, length
Turkish Definition : aralık, mesafe
Example sentence : an average life span of seventy years
Translation : Yetmiş yıllık ortalama yaşam süresi
Part of speech : span v.

SPARE

Vocabulary Item : spare (adj)

Synonym : extra, boş
Turkish Definition : yedek
Example sentence : We've got a spare room if you want to stay overnight with us
Translation : Gece bizimle kalmak istersen fazladan bir odamız mevcut
Part of speech : spare v.

SPARK

Vocabulary Item : spark (v)

Synonym : generate, produce, initiate
Turkish Definition : kıvılcım vermek, başlatmak
Example sentence : You can start a fire by rubbing two dry pieces of wood together
until it sparks.
Translation :İki kuru odun parçasını kıvılcım çıkana dek birbirine sürtersen
ateş yakabilirsin.
Part of speech : spark n.

181
SPARSE

Vocabulary Item : sparse (adj)

Synonym : thin, bare, meager
Antonym : dense, thick
Turkish Definition : seyrek, az
Example sentence : Information coming out of the disaster area is sparse
Translation : Felaket bölgesinden gelen bilgi az.
Part of speech : sparsely adv. sparseness n.

SPECIES

Vocabulary Item : species (n)

Synonym : type, kind, variety
Turkish Definition : tür
Example sentence : Over a hundred species of insect are found in this area
Translation : Bu bölgede yüzden fazla böcek türü bulundu.

SPECIFY

Vocabulary Item : specify (v)

Synonym : identify, state, indicate
Turkish Definition : belirlemek
Example sentence : He said we should meet but didn't specify a time
Translation : Buluşmamız gerektiğini söyledi ama zaman belirtmedi.
Part of speech : specification n.

SPILL

Vocabulary Item : spill (v)

Synonym : leak, overturn, splash about
Turkish Definition : dökmek, devirmek
Example sentence : I spilt coffee on my silk shirt.
Translation : İpek gömleğime kahve döktüm.
Part of speech : spill n. spillage n.

SPIN

Vocabulary Item : spin (v)

Synonym : rotate, turn
Turkish Definition : dönmek
Example sentence : The Earth spins on its axis
Translation : Dünya yörüngesinde döner.
Part of speech : spin n. spinner n.

SPLIT

Vocabulary Item : split (v)

Synonym : divide
Turkish Definition : bölmek, ayırmak

182
Example sentence : The teacher split the children (up) into three groups
Translation : Öğretmen çocukları üç gruba ayırdı.
Part of speech : split n.

SPOIL

Vocabulary Item : spoil (v)

Synonym : decay, rotten
Turkish Definition : çürümek, bozulmak
Example sentence : The dessert will spoil if you don't keep it in the fridge.
Translation : Tatlıyı buzdolabına koymazsan bozulur.
Part of speech : spoiled adj.

SPONTANEOUS

Vocabulary Item : spontaneous (adj)

Synonym : natural
Antonym : artificial
Turkish Definition : kendiliğinden olan, doğal
Example sentence : His jokes seemed spontaneous, but were in fact carefully
prepared beforehand
Translation : Nükteleri doğaçlama gibi görünüyordu ama aslında daha
önceden dikkatlice hazırlanmıştı.
Part of speech : spontaneously adv. spontaneity n.

SPORADIC

Vocabulary Item : sporadic (adj)

Synonym : irregular, intermittent
Antonym : termittent
Turkish Definition : aralıklı
Example sentence : More than 100 people have been killed this year in sporadic
outbursts of ethnic violence.
Translation : Etnik şiddetten kaynaklanan patlamalarda bu yıl 100 den fazla
insan öldü.
Part of speech : sporadically adv.

SQUEEZE

Vocabulary Item : squeeze (v)

Synonym : press
Turkish Definition : sıkıştırmak, baskı yapmak, ezmek
Example sentence : Cut the lemon in half and squeeze the juice into the bowl.
Translation : Limonu ikiye kes ve suyunu bir kaseye sık.
Part of speech : squeezed adj.

STAGGERING

Vocabulary Item : staggering (adj)

Synonym : astounding, surprising, sluggish
Antonym : familiar,usual
Turkish Definition : şaşırtıcı, hayret veren, yavaş ilerleyen

183
Example sentence : It costs a staggering $50 000 per week to keep the museum
open to the public.
Translation : Müzeyi halka açık tutmak şaşırtıcı bir şekilde haftada 50000
dolara mal oluyor.
Part of speech : stagger v. staggered adj.

STAGNANT

Vocabulary Item : stagnant (adj)

Synonym : sluggish, inactive
Antonym : active
Turkish Definition : durgun, hareketsiz
Example sentence : a stagnant economy
Translation : durağan bir ekonomi
Part of speech : stagnate v. stagnation n.

STAMINA

Vocabulary Item : stamina (n)

Synonym : endurance
Turkish Definition : dayanma gücü
Example sentence : The triathlon is a great test of stamina.
Translation : Triatlon büyük bir dayanma gücü testidir.

STAPLE

Vocabulary Item : staple (adj)

Synonym : chief, main, principal
Antonym : minor, inferior
Turkish Definition : başlıca
Example sentence : Prices of staple foods such as wheat and vegetables have also
been increasing.
Translation : Tahıl ve sebze gibi başlıca yiyecek fiyatları da artıyor.
Part of speech : staple n.

STARTLE

Vocabulary Item : startle (v)

Synonym : surprise, astonish, frighten
Turkish Definition : şaşırtmak, korkutmak
Example sentence : The noise of the car startled the birds and the whole flock flew
up into the air.
Translation : Arabanın gürültüsü kuşları korkuttu ve tüm sürü havalandı.
Part of speech : startling adj.

STATIONARY

Vocabulary Item : stationary (adj)

Synonym : immobile, at rest
Antonym : mobile
Turkish Definition : hareketsiz, sabit
Example sentence : The rate of inflation has been stationary for several months
Translation : Enflasyon oranı birkaç aydır sabit.

184
STEEP

Vocabulary Item : steep (adj)

Synonym : sharp, vertical
Antonym : gradual
Turkish Definition : dik, sarp
Example sentence : It's a steep climb to the top of the mountain, but the view is
worth it.
Translation : Dağın zirvesine kadar dik bir tırmanış var ama manzaraya
değer.
Part of speech : steepen v. steeply adv.

STEM FROM

Vocabulary Item : stem from (v)

Synonym : arise from, develope out of, originate from
Turkish Definition : -den kaynaklanmak, ileri gelmek
Example sentence : Their disagreement stemmed from a misunderstanding.
Translation : Anlaşmazlıkları yanlış anlamadan kaynaklandı.

STICK TO

Vocabulary Item : stick to (v)

Synonym : abide by, comply with, adhere to
Turkish Definition : bağlı kalmak, yapışık olmak
Example sentence : Don’t worry ! We’ll stick to the agreement
Translation : Endişelenmeyin. Anlaşmaya sadık kalacağız.
Part of speech : sticky adj.

STIFF

Vocabulary Item : stiff (adj)

Synonym : firm, rigid, inflexible, severe
Antonym : flexible
Turkish Definition : sert, katı
Example sentence : This hair spray has made my hair stiff.
Translation : Bu sprey saçımı sertleştirdi.
Part of speech : stiff n. stiffen v.

STIMULATE

Vocabulary Item : stimulate (v)

Synonym : arouse
Antonym : discourage
Turkish Definition : teşvik etmek
Example sentence : Good teachers should ask questions that stimulate students to
think.
Translation : İyi öğretmenler öğrencileri düşünmeye teşvik eden sorular
sormalıdır.
Part of speech : stimulant adj. stimulation n. stimulus n.

185
STRAIN

Vocabulary Item : strain (n)

Synonym : force, exertion, burden, tension
Turkish Definition : gerilim, yük, zorlanma
Example sentence :The hurricane put such a strain on the bridge that it collapsed.
Translation : Kasırga köprüye o kadar baskı yaptı ki, köprü yıkıldı
Part of speech : strained adj.

STRATA

Vocabulary Item : strata (n)

Synonym : leyer
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : tabaka
Example sentence : The report shows that drugs have penetrated every stratum of
American society.
Translation :
Part of speech : stratum n. stratify v. stratification n.

STRIVE

Vocabulary Item : strive (v)

Synonym : try, attempt
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : çaba göstermek
Example sentence : In her writing she strove for a balance between innovation and
familiar prose forms
Translation :

STUBBORN

Vocabulary Item : stubborn (adj)

Synonym : obstinate, inflexible
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : inatçı
Example sentence : They have massive rows because they're both so stubborn
Translation :
Part of speech : stubbornly adv. stubbornness n.

STUN

Vocabulary Item : stun (v)

Synonym : shock, make unconscious

186
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : sersemletmek, şok etmek
Example sentence : News of the disaster stunned people throughout the world
Translation :
Part of speech : stunning adj.

SUBJECT TO

Vocabulary Item : subject to (v)

Synonym : expose to
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : maruz kalmak
Example sentence : The inquiry found that they had been subjected to unfair
treatment
Translation :

SUBMISSIVE

Vocabulary Item : submissive (adj)

Synonym : obdeient, compliant
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : itaatkar, uyumlu
Example sentence : He was looking for a quiet submissive wife who would obey his
every word.
Translation :
Part of speech : submissively adv. submissiveness n.

SUBMIT

Vocabulary Item : submit (v)

Synonym : hand in, present
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : teslim etmek, sunmak
Example sentence : You must submit your application before January 1st.
Translation :
Part of speech : submission n.

SUBSEQUENT

Vocabulary Item : subsequent (adv)

Synonym : following, later
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : devamındaki, bir sonraki
Example sentence : The book discusses his illness and subsequent resignation from
the government
Translation :
Part of speech : sunsequently adv.

SUBSIDY

Vocabulary Item : subsidy (v)

Synonym : financial support
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : mali destek

187
Example sentence : The government is planning to abolish subsidies to farmers.
Translation :
Part of speech : subsidize v. subsidizer n.

SUBSISTENCE

Vocabulary Item : subsistence (n)

Synonym : survival, continuation
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : hayatta kalma
Example sentence : The money is intended to provide a basic subsistence and
should not be paid to someone who receives other income.
Translation :
Part of speech : subsist v.

SUBSTANTIAL

Vocabulary Item : substantial (adj)

Synonym : considerable, extensive, significant
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : büyük, önemli
Example sentence : She inherited a substantial fortune from her grandmother
Translation :
Part of speech : substantially adv.

SUBTLE

Vocabulary Item : subtle (adj)

Synonym : delicate
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : hassas, ince
Example sentence : There is a subtle difference between these two plans
Translation :
Part of speech : subtly adv.

SUBVERSIVE

Vocabulary Item : subversive (adj)

Synonym : rebellious
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : isyankar
Example sentence : subversive elements/groups in society
Translation :
Part of speech : subvert v. subversively adv.

SUCCEED

Vocabulary Item : succeed (v)

Synonym : follow, come after
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : izlemek, yerini almak
Example sentence : She's been trying to pass her driving test for six years and she's
finally succeeded.
Translation :

188
Part of speech : succeeding adj. succession n. successive adj.

SUCCUMB

Vocabulary Item : succumb (v)

Synonym : yield in, give in
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : boyun eğmek
Example sentence : Thousands of cows have succumbed to the disease in the past
few months.
Translation :

SUMMIT

Vocabulary Item : summit (v)

Synonym : zenith, top, peak
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : zirve
Example sentence : On this day in 1784, Dr Michel Paccard and Jacques Balmat
reached the summit of Mont Blanc
Translation :

SUPERFICIAL

Vocabulary Item : superficial (adj)

Synonym : surface, shallow
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : yüzeysel, üstünkörü
Example sentence : I only have a superficial (= slight) knowledge of French.
Translation :
Part of speech : superficially adv.

SUPPLANT

Vocabulary Item : supplant (v)

Synonym : take the placr of sth.
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : yerini almak
Example sentence : In most offices, the typewriter has now been supplanted by the
computer.
Translation :

SURMOUNT

Vocabulary Item : surmount (v)

Synonym : overcome, conquer
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : üstesinden gelmek
Example sentence : They managed to surmount all opposition/objections to their
plans
Translation :
Part of speech : surmountable adj.

SURPASS

189
Vocabulary Item : surpass (v)
Synonym : exceed
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : aşmak
Example sentence : The book's success has surpassed everyone's expectations
Translation :
Part of speech : surpassing adj.

SURPLUS

Vocabulary Item : surplus (n)

Synonym : extra, excess
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : fazlalık
Example sentence : The government has authorized the army to sell its surplus
weapons.
Translation :
Part of speech :

SURVEILLANCE

Vocabulary Item : surveillance (n)

Synonym : close observation, scrutiny
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : gözetim, yakın takip
Example sentence : More banks are now installing surveillance cameras
Translation :

SUSCEPTIBLE

Vocabulary Item : susceptible (adj)

Synonym : sensitive, impressible
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : hassas, duyarlı
Example sentence : These plants are particularly susceptible to frost
Translation :
Part of speech : susceptibility n.

SUSPEND

Vocabulary Item : suspend (v)

Synonym : hang, hang up, postpone
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : askıya almak, ertelemek
Example sentence : The ferry service has been suspended for the day because of
bad weather.
Translation :
Part of speech : suspension n.

SUSTAIN

190
Vocabulary Item : sustain (v)
Synonym : maintain, keep
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : sürdürmek
Example sentence : The economy looks set to sustain its growth into next year
Translation :
Part of speech : sustainable (adj)

SUSTENANCE

Vocabulary Item : sustenance (n)

Synonym : nourishment, nutrition
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : beslenme
Example sentence : During this freezing weather, the food put out by householders
is the only form of sustenance that the birds have.
Translation :

SWAMP

Vocabulary Item : swamp (n)

Synonym : marsh
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : bataklık
Example sentence : The Everglades are an area of swamp in southern Florida
Translation :
Part of speech : swampy

SWEAT

Vocabulary Item : sweat (v)

Synonym : perspire
Antonym :
Turkish Definition : terlemek
Example sentence : It was so hot when we arrived in Tripoli that we started to
sweat as soon as we got off the plane
Translation :
Part of speech : sweat n.

SWELL

Vocabulary Item : swell (v)

Synonym : become bigger
Antonym : decrease
Turkish Definition : şişmek

191
Example sentence : It was obvious she had broken her toe, because it immediately
started to swell (up).
Translation : Başparmağını kırdığı açıktı çünkü hemen şişmeye başladı.
Part of speech : swell n.

SWINDLE

Vocabulary Item : swindle (v)

Synonym : fraud
Turkish Definition : dolandırmak
Example sentence : They swindled local businesses out of thousands of pounds.
Translation : Yerel şirketleri binlerce paund dolandırdılar.
Part of speech :swindler n.

T
TACTFUL

Vocabulary Item : tactful (adj)

Synonym : sensitive, thoughtful
Antonym : blundering
Turkish Definition : incelik içeren, nazik
Example sentence : Mentioning his baldness wasn't very tactful.
Translation : Onun kelliğinden bahsetmen çok nazikçe değildi.
Part of speech : tactfully adv.

TAKE FOR GRANTED

Vocabulary Item : take for granted (v)

Synonym : assume, presume
Turkish Definition : varsaymak
Example sentence : I didn't realize that Melanie hadn't been to college - I suppose I
just took it for granted.
Translation : Melanie’nin okulda olmadığını farketmedim. sanırım orda
varsaydım.

TAKE INTO ACCOUNT

Vocabulary Item : take into account (v)

Synonym : consider
Antonym : ignore
Turkish Definition : gözönüne almak
Example sentence : You should take into account of difficulties of a private business
before you embark on
Translation : Bu işe başlamadan önce özel bir şirketin zorluklarını hesaba
katmalısın.

192
TALENT

Vocabulary Item : talent (n)

Synonym : ability, gift, aptitude
Antonym : inability
Turkish Definition : yetenek
Example sentence : Her talent for music showed at an early age
Translation : Onun müzik yeteneği küçük yaşlarda ortaya çıktı.
Part of speech : talented adj.

TANGIBLE

Vocabulary Item : tangible (adj)

Synonym : can be touched
Antonym : imperceptible
Turkish Definition : elle tutulur, somut
Example sentence : We need tangible evidence if we're going to take legal action
Translation : Yasal olarak harekete geçmek için somut delillere iihtiyaımız
var.
Part of speech : tangibly adv.

TEMPER

Vocabulary Item : temper (n)

Synonym : anger, annoyance
Antonym : patience
Turkish Definition : öfke, huysuzluk
Example sentence : He's got a really bad temper.
Translation : Gerçekten kötü bir öfkesi var.
Part of speech : -tempered

TEMPERATE

Vocabulary Item : temperate (adj)

Synonym : moderate, mild, calm
Antonym : extreme
Turkish Definition : ılımlı, ölçülü
Example sentence : a temperate climate
Translation : ılıman iklim

TEMPORARY

Vocabulary Item : temporary (adj)

Synonym : provisional, interim

193
Antonym : constant, permanent
Turkish Definition : geçici
Example sentence : The ceasefire will only provide a temporary solution to the
crisis.
Translation : Ateşkes,krize sadece geçici bir çözüm sağlayabilir.
Part of speech : temporarily adv.

TEMPT

Vocabulary Item : tempt (v)

Synonym : allure, appeal
Antonym : repel, dissuade
Turkish Definition : cezbetmek
Example sentence : The offer of a free car stereo tempted her into buying a new car
Translation : Bedava araba kasetçaları teklifi onu yeni bir araba almaya itti.
Part of speech : tempting adj.

TEND

Vocabulary Item : tend (v)

Synonym : be inclined to, apt to
Turkish Definition : eğilimli olmak
Example sentence : We tend to get cold winters and warm, dry summers in this part
of the country.
Translation : Ülkenin bu bölgesinde sıcak,kurak yazlar ve soğuk kışlar
yaşamaya doğru bir eğilim var.

TENDER

Vocabulary Item : tender (adj)

Synonym : soft, gentle
Antonym : hard, tough
Turkish Definition : yumuşak, şefkatli
Example sentence : What you need is some tender loving care.
Translation : İhtiyacın olan şey biraz şefkatli sevgi
Part of speech : tenderness n.

TENET

Vocabulary Item : tenet (n)

Synonym : belief, opinion
Turkish Definition : görüş, ilke, inanç
Example sentence : It is a tenet of contemporary psychology that an individual's
mental health is supported by having good social relationships
Translation : Bu insanın zihinsel sağlığının iyi sosyal ilişkilerle desteklendiği
ile alakalı çağdaş bir psikoloji görüşüdür.

TERMINATE

Vocabulary Item : terminate (v)

Synonym : end, conclude
Antonym : begin, start
Turkish Definition : sona er(dir)mek

194
Example sentence : They terminated my contract in October
Translation : Sözleşmemi Ekim’de sona erdirdiler.
Part of speech : termination n.

TERRAIN

Vocabulary Item : terrain (n)

Synonym : ground, territory
Turkish Definition : bölge, arazi
Example sentence : His car handles particularly well on rough terrain.
Translation : Arabası özellikle engebeli arazilerde iyi yol tutuyor.

TESTIMONY

Vocabulary Item : testimony (n)

Synonym : evidence, statement
Turkish Definition : ifade
Example sentence : Some doubts have been expressed about his testimony.
Translation : İfadesinde bazı şüpheler dile getirildi.

THREAT

Vocabulary Item : threat (n)

Synonym : menace
Turkish Definition : tehdit
Example sentence : The threat of jail failed to deter him from petty crime.
Translation : Cezaevi tehdidi onun önemsiz suçlar işlemesine mani olamadı.
Part of speech : threatening adj.

THRILLING

Vocabulary Item : thrilling (adj)

Synonym : exciting
Antonym : boring, dull
Turkish Definition : heyecan verici
Example sentence : The book is a thrilling adventure story.
Translation : Kitap heyecan verici bir macera hikayesi.
Part of speech : thrilled adj.

THRIVE

Vocabulary Item : thrive (v)

Synonym : prosper, flourish
Antonym : fail,decline
Turkish Definition : gelişmek, büyümek
Example sentence : His business thrived in the years before the war.
Translation : işi savaştan önceki yıllarda büyüdü.
Part of speech : thriving adj.

TINY

195
Vocabulary Item : tiny (adj)
Synonym : very small
Antonym : enormous,huge
Turkish Definition : çok küçük
Example sentence : a tiny flower
Translation : küçük bir çiçek

TORTURE

Vocabulary Item : torture (v)

Synonym : torment, make suffer
Turkish Definition : işkence yapmak
Example sentence : Half of the prisoners died after torture and starvation
Translation : Açlık ve işkenceden sonra mahkumların yarısı öldü.
Part of speech : torture n.

TOUGH

Vocabulary Item : tough (adj)

Synonym : severe, strict, rigid
Antonym : soft,weak
Turkish Definition : sert, katı
Example sentence : These toys are made from tough plastic.
Translation : Bu oyuncaklar sert plastikten yapılır.
Part of speech : toughen v. toughly adv. thoughness n.

TRACE

Vocabulary Item : trace (n)

Synonym : sign, mark
Turkish Definition : iz
Example sentence : He attempted to cover up all the traces of his crime
Translation : Cinayetin tüm izlerini kapatmaya çalıştı.
Part of speech : trace v. traceable adj.

TRACK

Vocabulary Item : track (v)

Synonym : follow, trace
Turkish Definition : takip etmek
Example sentence : The military use radar satellites to track targets through clouds
and at night.
Translation : Ordu,bulutların içinde ve geceleri hedefleri takip etmek için
radar uydular kullanır
Part of speech : track n.

TRAIT

Vocabulary Item : trait (n)

Synonym : property, characteristic

196
Turkish Definition : özellik
Example sentence : His sense of humour is one of his better traits.
Translation : Mizah anlayışı onun en iyi özelliklerinden biridir.

TREASURE

Vocabulary Item : treasure (v)

Synonym : cherish, value, prize
Turkish Definition : değer vermek
Example sentence : This pen that my grandfather gave me is one of my most
treasured possessions
Translation : Dedemin verdiği bu kalem en değerli eşyalarımdan biridir.
Part of speech : treasure n. treasury n

TREATY

Vocabulary Item : treaty (n)

Synonym : agreement, pack
Turkish Definition : anlaşma
Example sentence : We've signed/concluded a treaty with neighbouring states to
limit emissions of harmful gases.
Translation : Zaralı gazların yayılmasını sınırlandırmak için komşu ülkelerle
bir anlaşma imzaladık.

TREND

Vocabulary Item : trend (n)

Synonym : tendency, fashion
Turkish Definition : eğilim, moda
Example sentence : There's been a downward/upward trend in sales in the last few
years.
Translation : Son birkaç yılda satışlarda aşağıya/yukarıya doğru bir eğilim
var.
Part of speech : trendy adj.

TRIFLING

Vocabulary Item : trifling (adj)

Synonym : trivial, unimportant, insignificant
Antonym : important ,significant
Turkish Definition : önemsiz
Example sentence : It was such a trifling sum of money to argue about!
Translation : Tartışılmayacak kadar önemsiz bir para tutarıydı.

TRIUMPH

Vocabulary Item : triumph (n)

Synonym : victory, achievement, success
Antonym : defeat, failure
Turkish Definition : zafer, başarı

197
Example sentence : The signing of the agreement was a personal triumph for the
Prime Minister.
Translation : Anlaşmanın imzalanması Başbakanın şahsi başarısıydı.
Part of speech : triumphant adj.

TURMOIL

Vocabulary Item : turmoil (n)

Synonym : disorder, chaos,
Turkish Definition : karışıklık
Example sentence : The whole region is in turmoil.
Translation : Bütün bölge karışıklık içinde.

TYRANNY

Vocabulary Item : tyranny (n)

Synonym : dictatorship, despotism
Antonym : democracy
Turkish Definition : diktatörlük
Example sentence : This, the president promised us, was a war against tyranny
Translation : Bu,başkanın söz verdiği gibi diktatörlüğe karşı bir savaştı.
Part of speech : tyrannical adj.

U
ULTIMATE

Vocabulary Item : ultimate (adj)

Synonym : eventual, final
Turkish Definition : son, nihai
Example sentence : Infidelity is the ultimate betrayal
Translation : Sadakatsizliğin sonu ihanettir.
Part of speech : ultimately adv. ultimate n.

UNANIMOUSLY

198
Vocabulary Item : unanimously (adv)
Synonym : collectively
Turkish Definition : oy birliğiyle
Example sentence : All four proposals to the committee were unanimously
approved.
Translation : Komiteye sunulan 4 teklifte oybirliğiyle kabul edildi.
Part of speech : unanimous adj. unanimity n.

UNBIASED

Vocabulary Item : unbiased (adj)

Synonym : unprejudiced, fair, impartial
Antonym : biased
Turkish Definition : önyargısız
Example sentence : an unbiased opinion
Translation : önyargısız düşünce

UNCEASING
Vocabulary Item : unceasing (adj)
Synonym : perpetual, constant, continuous
Antonym : stative
Turkish Definition : sürekli
Example sentence : We had a fortnight of unceasing rain
Translation : On beş gece durmadan yağmur yağdı.
Part of speech : unceasingly adv.

UNDERESTIMATE

Vocabulary Item : underestimate (v)

Synonym : minimize, belittle
Antonym : maximize
Turkish Definition : küçümsemek
Example sentence : One shouldn't underestimate the difficulties of getting all the
political parties to the conference table
Translation : İnsan görüşme masasına tüm siyasi partileri getirmenin
zorluğunu küçümsememelidir.
Part of speech : underestimate n.

UNDERMINE

Vocabulary Item : undermine (v)

Synonym : weaken, harm
Antonym : strengthen
Turkish Definition : zayıflatmak, sarsmak
Example sentence : The President has accused two cabinet ministers of working
secretly to undermine his position/him.
Translation : Cumhurbaşkanı iki kabine üyesini kendisini zayıflatmak için
gizlice çalışmakla suçladı.

UNDERTAKE

Vocabulary Item : undertake (v)

Synonym : assume, take on

199
Turkish Definition : üstlenmek, söz vermek
Example sentence : She undertook not to publish the names of the people involved.
Translation : Olaya dahil olan insanların ismini yayınlamamaya söz verdi.
Part of speech : undertaking adj.

UNEASINESS

Vocabulary Item : uneasiness (n)

Synonym : discomfort, restlessness
Turkish Definition : huzursuzluk
Example sentence :Growing unease at the prospect of an election is causing fierce
arguments within the party
Translation : Seçim beklentisiyle artan huzursuzluk parti içerisinde hararetli
tartışmalara sebep oluyor.
Part of speech :uneasy adj. unease n.

UNIFICATION

Vocabulary Item : unification (n)

Synonym : union, merger
Antonym : seperation
Turkish Definition : birleşme
Example sentence the unification of East and West Germany
Translation : Doğu ve Batı Almanya’nın birleşmesi
Part of speech : unify v. unified adj.

UNIFY

Vocabulary Item : unify (v)

Synonym : unite, join, combine
Antonym : seperate
Turkish Definition : birleştirmek
Example sentence : If the new leader does manage to unify his warring party it will
be quite an achievement.
Translation : Yeni lider kavgalı partisini birleştirebilirse büyük bir başarı
olacaktır.
Part of speech : unified adj. unification n.

UNILATERAL

Vocabulary Item : unilateral (adj)

Synonym : one-sided
Antonym : multilateral
Turkish Definition : tek taraflı

200
Example sentence : The party leader has actually declared her support for unilateral
nuclear disarmament
Translation : Parti lideri tek taraflı nükleer silahsızlanmaya karşı desteğini
açıkladı.
Part of speech : unilaterally adv. unilateralism n.

UNIQUE

Vocabulary Item : unique (adj)

Synonym : exclusive, only, single
Antonym : common, ordinary
Turkish Definition : eşsiz, benzersiz
Example sentence : Each person's genetic code is unique except in the case of
identical twins.
Translation : Tek yumurta ikizleri hariç, her insanın genetik şifresi
tektir.
Part of speech : uniqueness n. uniquely adv.

UNPRECEDENTED

Vocabulary Item : unprecedented (adj)

Synonym : unique, unmatched
Antonym : precedented
Turkish Definition : daha önce görülmemiş, eşsiz
Example sentence : This century has witnessed environmental destruction on an
unprecedented scale
Translation : Bu asır, daha önce görülmemiş bir çevresel tahribata
tanık oldu.

UNREST

Vocabulary Item : unrest (n)

Synonym : uneasiness, restlessness
Antonym : rest, peace
Turkish Definition : huzursuzluk
Example sentence : It is feared that the civil unrest we are now witnessing in this
country could lead to full-scale civil war.
Translation : Bu aralar şahit olduğumuz halk huzursuzluğunun çok geniş bir
iç savaşa yol açacağından korkuluyor.

UNSANITARY

Vocabulary Item : unsanitary (adj)

Synonym : not clean, polluted
Antonym : sanitary

201
Turkish Definition : kirli, sağlıksız
Example sentence : unsanitary living conditions
Translation : sağlıksız yaşam koşulları

UNSUBSTANTIATED

Vocabulary Item : unsubstantiated (adj)

Synonym : unproven, unconfirmed
Antonym : substantiated
Turkish Definition : kanıtlanmamış, onaylanmamış
Example sentence : They have enough evidence about unsubstantiated complaints
of vandalism
Translation :

UNTAPPED

Vocabulary Item : untapped (adj)

Synonym : unused, untouched
Antonym : tapped
Turkish Definition : dokunulmamış, el sürülmemiş
Example sentence : The country's forests are largely untapped resources.
Translation :

UPHEAVAL

Vocabulary Item : upheaval (n)

Synonym : eruption, disruption, disturbance
Turkish Definition : ani değişiklik, kargaşa
Example sentence : The long garbage strike in 1970 caused much political upheaval.
Translation : 1970’deki uzun çöp grevi birçok politik kargaşaya sebep oldu.

URGENT

Vocabulary Item : urgent (adj)

Synonym : immediate, imperative
Antonym : trivial
Turkish Definition : acil
Example sentence : The plumbing in this building is in urgent need of repair
Translation : Bu binadaki su tesisatı acil tamir gerektiriyor.
Part of speech : urgency n. urgently adv.

UTILITY

Vocabulary Item : utility (n)

Synonym : usefullness, effectiveness
Antonym : futility, uselessness
Turkish Definition : yararlılık
Example sentence : Its basic utility lies in being able to drive where other vehicles
can't go.
Translation : Bu aracın esas faydası diğer araçların gidemeyeceği yerlerde

202
 kullanılabilmesidir

UTMOST

Vocabulary Item : utmost (adj)

Synonym : greatest, maximum, highest
Antonym : minor,lowly
Turkish Definition : en üstün, azami
Example sentence : Speed was of the utmost importance
Translation : Hız en önemli şeydi.
Part of speech : utmost n.

V.
VACCINATE

Vocabulary Item : vaccinate (v)

Synonym : inoculate
Turkish Definition : aşı yapmak
Example sentence : Our children have been vaccinated for measles and other
childhood diseases
Translation : Çocuklarımız kızamık ve diğer çocuk hastalıklarına
karşı aşı oldular.
Part of speech : vaccine n. vaccination n.

VACUUM

Vocabulary Item : vacuum (n)

Synonym : empty space
Antonym : occupied
Turkish Definition : boşluk
Example sentence : Edison knew that he had to create a vacuum inside the lightbulb
Translation : Edison ampulun içinde boşluk bırakmak zorunda
olduğunu biliyordu.
Part of speech : vacuum v.

VAIN

Vocabulary Item : vain (adj)

Synonym : worthless, useless
Antonym : fruitful,modest

203
Turkish Definition : değersiz, boş, yararsız
Example sentence : Employers clearly hoped that the workers would stay longer, but
their efforts were largely in vain (= unsuccessful).
Translation : İşverenler işçilerin daha uzun süre kalacağını
umuyorlardı fakat çabalarının çoğu boşunaydı.

VENTURE

Vocabulary Item : venture (n)

Synonym : business enterprise
Turkish Definition : tehlikeli iş
Example sentence : His most recent business venture ended in bankruptcy.
Translation : En son iş macerası iflasla sonuçlandı.
Part of speech : venture v.

VERDICT

Vocabulary Item : verdict (n)

Synonym : decision
Turkish Definition : karar, hüküm
Example sentence : The jury reached/returned a verdict of not guilty after six hours
of deliberation
Translation : Mahkeme 6 saatlik müzakereden sonra suçlu olmadığı
hükmüne vardılar.

VERGE

Vocabulary Item : verge (n)

Synonym : edge, threshold
Antonym : centre,midst
Turkish Definition : eşik, kenar
Example sentence : They set up camp on the verge of the desert.
Translation : Çölün kenarına kamp kurdular.

VERIFY

Vocabulary Item : verify (v)

Synonym : confirm, validate
Antonym : subvert,misrepresent
Turkish Definition : doğrulamak
Example sentence : Are you able to verify your account/allegation/report/theory?
Translation : Teorini doğrulayabilirmisin?
Part of speech : verification n.

VERMIN

204
Vocabulary Item : vermin (n)
Synonym : parasites, pest
Turkish Definition : zararlı hayvan, parazit
Example sentence : Flies, lice, rats, foxes and cockroaches can all be described as
vermin
Translation : Sinek,bit,fare ve hamamböceği zararlı hayvan olarak
nitelendirilebilir.
Part of speech : verminous adj.

VERSATILE

Vocabulary Item : versatile (adj)

Synonym : many-skilled, ingenious
Antonym : unflexible
Turkish Definition : çok yönlü
Example sentence : He's a very versatile young actor who's as happy in horror films
as he is in TV comedies
Translation : TV dizilerinde olduğu kadar korku filmlerinde de
oynamaktan mutlu olan çok yönlü bir oyuncudur.
Part of speech : versatility n.

VERTICAL

Vocabulary Item : vertical (adj)

Synonym : perpendicular
Antonym : horizontal
Turkish Definition : dikey
Example sentence : She looked over the cliff and found she was standing at the
edge of a vertical rock.
Translation : Uçurumdan aşağı bakarken dikey bir kayanın tam
kenarında durduğunun farkına vardı.
Part of speech : vertical n. vertically adv.

VIABLE

Vocabulary Item : viable (adj)

Synonym : feasible, possible
Antonym : impossible
Turkish Definition : olası, yapılabilir
Example sentence : I am afraid your plan is not commercially viable.
Translation : Korkarım,planınızın ticari olarak uygulanması mümkün
değil.
Part of speech : viability n. viably adv.

VIBRATE

Vocabulary Item : vibrate (v)

Synonym : shake, tremble, oscillate
Antonym : rest,be still
Turkish Definition : titreşim yapmak
Example sentence : The whole station seemed to vibrate as the express train rushed
through
Translation : Tüm istasyon sanki ekspres tren hızla gelmiş gibi
titredi.

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Part of speech : vibration (n)

VICE VERSA

Vocabulary Item : vice versa

Synonym : conversely, reversely,
Turkish Definition : tam tersi
Example sentence : Andy doesn't trust Kate, and vice versa
Translation : Andy Kate’e güvenmiyor,Kate’de Andy’ye.

VICIOUS CYCLE

Vocabulary Item : vicious cycle (n)

Synonym : vicious circle
Turkish Definition : kısır döngü
Example sentence : Many people get caught/trapped in a vicious circle of dieting
and weight gain
Translation : Bir çok insan kilo alma ve verme döngüsüne
yakalanmış durumda.

VICTORY

Vocabulary Item : victory (n)

Synonym : win, triumph
Antonym : defeat,retreat
Turkish Definition : zafer
Example sentence : The Redskins opened the season by scoring a
resounding/stunning/impressive 25-3 victory against/over Detroit
Translation : Redskins takımı,Detroit’i parlak bir zaferle 25-3
yenerek sezonu açtılar.
Part of speech : victor n. victorious adj.

VIE FOR

Vocabulary Item : vie for sth (v)

Synonym : compete
Turkish Definition : yarışmak, mücadele etmek
Example sentence : Six candidates are currently vying for the Democratic
presidential nomination.
Translation : Demokratların başkanlık adaylığı için şu anda 6 aday
mücadele ediyor.

VIGOROUS

Vocabulary Item : vigorous (adj)

Synonym : powerful, energetic
Antonym : weak,impotent
Turkish Definition : güçlü, enerjik
Example sentence : There has been vigorous opposition to the proposals for a new
road
Translation : Yeni yol teklifleri için güçlü bir muhalefet var.
Part of speech : vigor (n) vigorously (adv)

VINTAGE

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Vocabulary Item : vintage (adj)
Synonym : old, antique
Antonym : new
Turkish Definition : eski
Example sentence : vintage champagne/port
Translation : eski şampanya/şarap
Part of speech : vintage n.

VIOLATE

Vocabulary Item : violate (v)

Synonym : break the rules
Antonym : respect,honour
Turkish Definition : çiğnemek, ihlal etmek
Example sentence : It seems that the planes deliberately violated the cease-fire
agreement
Translation : Uçaklar ateşkes anlaşmasını kasten ihlal etmiş gibi
görünüyor.
Part of speech : violation n.

VIRTUALLY

Vocabulary Item : virtually (adv)

Synonym : almost, practically, nearly
Antonym : directly,definitely
Turkish Definition : hemen hemen, neredeyse
Example sentence : That wine stain on my shirt has virtually disappeared
Translation : Gömleğimdeki şarap lekesi neredeyse yok uldu.
Part of speech : virtual (adj)

VOLATILITY

Vocabulary Item : volatility (n)

Synonym : instability
Turkish Definition : istikrarsızlık
Example sentence : The volatility of Food and fuel prices is hardly surprising in a
war situation.
Translation : Yiyecek ve petrol fiyatlarının savaş durumunda
istikrarsız oluşu hiç te şaşırtıcı değildir.
Part of speech : volatile (adj)

VOLUNTEER

Vocabulary Item : volunteer (v)

Synonym : enter sth willingly
Antonym : compel, force
Turkish Definition : gönüllü olmak
Example sentence : During the emergency many staff volunteered to work
weekends.
Translation : Acil durum boyunca birçok personel hafta sonları da
çalışmaya gönüllü oldular.
Part of speech : voluntarily adv. volunteer adj.

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VULNERABLE

Vocabulary Item : vulnerable (adj)

Synonym : susceptible, defenceless, unprotected (adj)
Antonym : defended,impregnable
Turkish Definition : korunmasız, savunmasız
Example sentence :Tourists are more vulnerable to attack, because they do not
know which areas of the city to avoid.
Translation : Turistler saldırıya karşı daha savunmasızdır çünkü
şehrin hangi bölgesinden kaçınmaları gerektiğini
bilmezler.
Part of speech : vulnerability n.

W
WAGE

Vocabulary Item : wage (v)

Synonym : conduct, carry on, embark on
Turkish Definition : yürütmek, yapmak
Example sentence : We have been waging a desperate campaign against the drug
addicts.
Translation : Uyuşturucu bağımlılarına karşı umutsuz bir kampanya
Yürütüyoruz.
Part of speech : wage (n)

WANDER

Vocabulary Item : wander (v)

Synonym : walk about, go aimlessly,roam
Antonym : remain,stay
Turkish Definition : dolaşmak
Example sentence : We spent the morning wandering around the old part of the city
Translation : Sabahı,şehrin eski kısımlarını dolaşarak geçirdik.
Part of speech : wander (n) wanderer (n)

WARD OFF

Vocabulary Item : ward off (v)

Synonym : prevent, hinder
Turkish Definition : önlemek
Example sentence : In the winter I take vitamin C to ward off colds.
Translation : Kışın soğuk algınlığını önlemek için C vitamini alırım.

WARRANT

Vocabulary Item : warrant (v)

Synonym : justify, necessitate, guarantee
Antonym : invalidate
Turkish Definition : garanti etmek, haklı kılmak, gerektirmek
Example sentence : It's a relatively simple task that really doesn't warrant a great
deal of time being spent on it.
Translation : Şu anda harcanmakta olan vakti
gerektirmeyen nispeten basit bir görevdir.

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Part of speech : warrant (n)

WEALTH

Vocabulary Item : wealth (n)

Synonym : prosperity, affluence
Antonym : poverty,indigence
Turkish Definition : zenginlik,servet
Example sentence : During a successful business career, she accumulated a great
amount of wealth.
Translation : Başarılı bir meslek hayatı boyunca,büyük miktarda
servet kazandı.
Part of speech : wealthy adj.

WELFARE

Vocabulary Item : welfare (n)

Synonym : well-being, prosperity, affluence
Antonym : adversity,failure
Turkish Definition : refah, mutluluk
Example sentence : These organizations have fought very hard for the rights and
welfare of immigrants.
Translation : Bu tür kuruluşlar göçmenlerin hakları ve mutluluğu için
çok mücadele verdi.

WIDESPREAD

Vocabulary Item : widespread (adj)

Synonym : plenty
Antonym : limited,less,narrow
Turkish Definition : yaygın, geniş çapta
Example sentence : Malnutrition in the region is widespread - affecting up to 78% of
children under five years old.
Translation : Gıdasızlık bölgede yaygın ve beş yaşın altındaki
çocukların %78 i bundan etkileniyor

WIELD

Vocabulary Item : wield (v)

Synonym : employ, exercise, use, have
Turkish Definition : kullanmak, sahip olmak
Example sentence : She was confronted by a man wielding a knife
Translation : Bıçaklı bir adamla karşı karşıya geldi.

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WILL

Vocabulary Item : will (n)

Synonym : determination, decision,
Antonym : vacillation,indecision
Turkish Definition : irade, istek
Example sentence : After six months in hospital she began to lose the will to live
Translation : Altı ay hastanede kaldıktan sonra,yaşama isteğini
kaybetmeye başladı.

WIPE OUT

Vocabulary Item : wipe out (v)

Synonym : destroy
Turkish Definition : silip süpürmek
Example sentence : One bad harvest could wipe out all of a grower's profits for the
previous two years
Translation : Çiftçinin kötü geçen bir hasat dönemi, önceki iki yılın
karını silip süpürebilir.

WISDOM

Vocabulary Item : wisdom (n)

Synonym : common sense, prudence, insight
Antonym : folly,idiocy,imbecility
Turkish Definition : bilgelik, akıl, sağduyu
Example sentence : He's got a weekly radio programme in which he dispenses
wisdom (= gives his opinions) on a variety of subjects.
Translation : Çeşitli konulara tavsiyeler getirdiği haftalık bir radyo
programı var.
Part of speech : wise adj.

WITHDRAW

Vocabulary Item : withdraw (v)

Synonym : take back, pull back, extract
Antonym : advance, enter
Turkish Definition : geri çekmek
Example sentence : The UN has withdrawn its troops from the country
Translation : BM askerlerini ülkeden geri çekti.
Part of speech : withdrawal n.

WITHOLD

Vocabulary Item : withold (v)

Synonym : reserve, hold back
Antonym : release,give
Turkish Definition : tutmak, vermemek, korumak,saklamak

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Example sentence : During the trial, the prosecution was accused of withholding
crucial evidence from the defence
Translation : Duruşma esnasında davacı, savunma avukatları
tarafından çok önemli delilleri saklamakla suçlandı.

WITHSTAND

Vocabulary Item : withstand (v)

Synonym : stand against, resist, oppose
Antonym : concede,submit,acquiesce
Turkish Definition : karşı koymak, dayanmak
Example sentence : They have designed a bridge to withstand earthquakes
Translation : Depreme dayanabilecek bir köprü dizayn ettiler.

WITNESS

Vocabulary Item : witness (v)

Synonym : see, observe
Turkish Definition : tanıklık yapmak,görmek
Example sentence : They were staying in the capital at the time of the riots
and witnessed several street battles.
Translation : Ayaklanmalar sırasında başkentte oturuyorlardı ve
birkaç sokak çatışmasını gördüler.
Part of speech : witness n.

WOULD-BE

Vocabulary Item : would-be (adj)

Synonym : most likely, hopeful
Turkish Definition : olası, müstakbel
Example sentence : a would-be artist/politician/wife
Translation : müstakbel sanatçı/siyasetçi/eş

WRANGLE

Vocabulary Item : wrangle (v)

Synonym : dispute, argue
Turkish Definition : tartışmak
Example sentence : They had been wrangling with the authorities about/over
parking spaces.
Translation : Yetkililerle park alanları yüzünden tartışıyorlardı.
Part of speech : wrangle n. wrangling adj.

WRECK

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Vocabulary Item : wreck (v)
Synonym : destroy, ruin
Antonym : preserve
Turkish Definition : yıkmak, tahrip etmek
Example sentence : The explosion shattered nearby windows and wrecked two cars
Translation : Patlama yakınındaki camları paramparça etti ve iki
arabaya ağır hasar verdi.
Part of speech : wreckage n. wreck n.

Y.
YIELD

Vocabulary Item : yield n.

Synonym : harvest, crop
Turkish Definition : ürün, mamül
Example sentence : The investigation yielded some unexpected results.
Translation : Sorusturma beklenmeyen sonuçlar verdi.
Part of speech : yield v.

YIELDTO

Vocabulary Item : yield to (v)

Synonym : give in to, accept
Antonym : stand against,oppose,confront
Turkish Definition : boyun eğmek, teslim olmak
Example sentence : Despite renewed pressure to give up the occupied territory,
they will not yield
Translation : İşgal edilen bölgeyi terketmeleri için yeniden başlayan
baskılara boyun eğmeyecekler.

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Z
ZEAL

Vocabulary Item : zeal (n)

Synonym : eagerness, enthusiasm
Antonym : apathy, coldness
Turkish Definition : şevk, istek
Example sentence : a zeal for money-making
Translation : para kazanma arzusu
Part of speech : zealot n. zaalous adj.

ZENITH

Vocabulary Item : zenith (n)

Synonym : peak, summit,
Turkish Definition : zirve
Example sentence : His career reached its zenith in the 1960s
Translation : Meslek hayatı 1960’larda zirveye ulaştı.

ZEST

Vocabulary Item : zest (n)

Synonym : excitement, enthusiasm, eagerness,smack
Turkish Definition : keyif, neşe,heves
Example sentence : It's wonderful to see the children's zest for life
Translation : Çocukların yaşama heveslerini görmek harika.
Part of speech : zestful adj. zestfully adv.

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