THE GREEN REVOLUTION:

SUSTAINABLE DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGIES IN THE 21ST CENTURY AND BEYOND

Arch. Liza Morales-Crespo, LEED AP, AIA, UAP

Arch. Liza Crespo,

LEED AP, AIA, UAP

Principal, Liza Crespo Ecotecture Registered Architect in New York State & the Philippines LEED Accredited Professional - USGBC Licensed Architect by the Philippine Professional Regulation Commission (1997 Board Exam, 6th place) University of the Philippines, Diliman- BS Architecture (Cum Laude) Columbia University, New York - Master of Science in Architecture & Urban Design New Jersey Inst. Of Tech., New Jersey - Master of Science in Infrastructure Planning

Source: http://wbcsdcement.org/pdf/CSI-RecyclingConcrete-Summary.pdf

Liza Morales-Crespo, AIA, LEED AP, UAP

Greenhouse Gas Emissions

The Problem with Concrete Concrete accounts for 7-10% of CO2 emissions worldwide.

Source: http://climatetechwiki.org/technology/energy-saving-cement

Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Portland Cement Production

Production of Portland cement is currently exceeding 2.6 billion tons per year worldwide and growing at 5 percent annually.

Imperviousness of Concrete

Heat Island

Albedo is a means by which the amount of sun reflected is measured.

Sources: 1. Kun Li and Zhuang Yu, Article: Comparative and Combinative Study of Urban Heat island in Wuhan City with Remote Sensing and CFD Simulation Sensors 2008, 8(10), 66926703; doi:10.3390/s8106692

Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Sustainable Concrete
Better re-use of waste and other secondary materials such as water, aggregate, fuel or other cementitious material; Lower reliance on quarrying material or sending construction and demolition waste to landfill by maximising the use of recycled material where practical; Development of low-energy, long-lasting yet flexible buildings and structures; Exploiting the thermal mass of concrete in a structure to reduce energy demand; Environmental restoration after industrial activity has ceased.

Prefabricated Foundation Walls

XI wall by Superior Walls, a prefabricated foundation wall system manufactured in Pennsylvania, uses reduced amounts of concrete as compared to standard foundation walls which the manufacturer claims to be 80% less. This system is comprised of steel, a built-in insulation layer and some concrete. These panels are then cast in a configuration similar to stud walls, and allows for basements to be erected at a much shorter period of time while requiring minimal coordination.

Source: http://www.buildingproductsnews.com/category/concrete/

Solar Masonry Units

Prototype design done by Rhode Island School of Design student (Alexander Keller) Winner of the Metropolis Magazine Next Generation Brick bind together via interlocking Male and female parts (mortar not Required)

Source: http://www.metropolismag.com/nextgen/ng_story.php?article_id=4259/

Green Aggregate
synthetic lightweight aggregate material developed from various environmental waste processes (i.e. fly ash) Reduction of dead load Longer Spans Better fire ratings Lower foundation costs 25%-35% lighter than normal weight concrete; but strength is comparable

Liza Morales-Crespo, AIA, LEED AP, UAP

Geopolymer Concrete

utilizes "fly ash," one of the most abundant industrial by-products features greater corrosion resistance, substantially higher fire resistance (up to 2400 F or1300C ), high compressive and tensile strengths, a rapid strength gain, and lower shrinkage life cycle greenhouse gas reduction potential -- as much as 90% when compared with ordinary Portland cement.

Bacteria+Sand+Urine=Brick
1 Brick=1.3 pounds of CO2 emissions Microbial Induced Calcite Precipitation Ginger Krieg Dossier @ UAE Still needs further study: Ammonia by-product which can contaminate water supplies

Source: http://www.metropolismag.com/nextgen/ng_story.php?article_id=4259/

Liza Morales-Crespo, AIA, LEED AP, UAP

Self Healing Concrete

Uses carbon dioxide and water to heal itself By Prof. Victor Li of the University of Michigan Crack in the roadway when it gets wet and dries up, additional cement paste in the mixture seals the cracks like a scar after a wound Designed to bend and crack in thin hairlines as opposed wider gaps=lead to safer and stronger infrastructure Designed for tensile strains up to 5% compared to normal concrete which fails at .01% strain

Source: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/04/090422175336.htm

Liza Morales-Crespo, AIA, LEED AP, UAP

Pervious Concrete: EcoCreto

An additive to concrete to make it pervious (allowing water to pass thru at 4 per minute) Developed by chemist Jaime Grau and Nestor de Buen Applied like asphalt laid over a sub-base of stones and geotextile fabric. Wire and Rebars are NOT recommended Relatively strong, achieving 5000 psi within 28 days Claims: cut down pollutants from motor vehicle emissions and indstrial processes i.e. Nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and VOCs Air pockets in Ecocreto are said to help mitigate heat island effects and filter rainwater
Source: Design Like You Give A Damn, Architecture for Humanity, Abrams, 2012.

Liza Morales-Crespo, AIA, LEED AP, UAP

Waterproof Concrete: Hycrete

Concrete is typically porous, absorbent and degrades when exposed to pollutants Typical methods of waterproofing concrete are not green Hycrete is an admixture that incorporates the waterproofing in the concrete by sealing hydrocarbon in the capillaries (w/c occurs during process of mixing with concrete) Helps with concrete-rebar adhesion= prevents corrosion

Source: Design Like You Give A Damn, Architecture for Humanity, Abrams, 2012.

Papercrete
Paper + Water + Concrete = Papercrete Has good insulating properties and makes use of recycled material Relatively inexpensive and strong With borax and boric acid, it can be made fire resistant With reinforcing and waterproofing it can have a wide variety of applications Used in a school in Taiwan

Source: Design Like You Give A Damn, Architecture for Humanity, Abrams, 2012.

Papercrete

Source: Design Like You Give A Damn, Architecture for Humanity, Abrams, 2012.

Smog Eating Concrete: Italcementi

For the design of the Jubilee Church in Rome, architect Richard Meier asked Italian cement manufacturer Italcementi to produce a cement that would stay clean & white. Titanium Oxide: uses a photocalytic process oxidizes chemicals that come into contact with the cement Claims: cut down pollutants from motor vehicle emissions and indstrial processes i.e. Nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and VOCs 30-40% more expensive than regular cement. However, lower maintenance costs associated w/ repainting
Source: Design Like You Give A Damn, Architecture for Humanity, Abrams, 2012.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Lessons Learned

iomimicry ntegrative Approach to Design I.S.S. (Keep It Simple, Stupid) radicate One Size Fits All Mentality

iomimicry

Nature runs on sunlight Nature use only the energy it needs Nature fits form to function Nature recycles everything Nature rewards cooperation Nature banks on diversity Nature demands local expertise Nature curbs excesses from within Nature taps the power of limits
- Janine Benyus Biomimicry

iomimicry

Liza Morales-Crespo, AIA, LEED AP, UAP

iomimicry

iomimicry

Liza Morales-Crespo, AIA, LEED AP, UAP

Biomimicry
Bamboo, owing to its structural and geometric qualities, is quite efficient with handling lateral loads This arrangement allows for Node gravity loads to be supported by The exterior skin leading to a more Lightweight and efficient structure
Internode

Cavity

Culm Wall: material that forms the culm provides maximum bending resistance

Node

Diagphragm: help resist buckling of the culm wall along the entire weight of the culm

Source: Learning from Nature, Mark Sarkisian, Civil Engineering, June 2011

Biomimicry
Principle applied by SOM in their design entry for the China World trade Center tower competition

Source: Learning from Nature, Mark Sarkisian, Civil Engineering, June 2011

iomimicry

Source: Learning from Nature, Mark Sarkisian, Civil Engineering, June 2011

iomimicry
the logarithmic spirals were interpreted to mimic the natural force flows of a cantilevered structure to its foundation, resulting in a braced structural system comprising radiating structural members that would equally distribute the stresses while minimizing the amount of material used Mitchell Truss: radiating lines of a pure cantilever in which force flow lines of equivalent, constant stress result in particular spacings and orientations from the fixed support to the tip of the cantilever .

Source: Learning from Nature, Mark Sarkisian, Civil Engineering, June 2011

iomimicry

Source: Learning from Nature, Mark Sarkisian, Civil Engineering, June 2011

iomimicry

Source: Learning from Nature, Mark Sarkisian, Civil Engineering, June 2011

ntegrative Approach to Design

INTEGRATIVE APPROACH TO DESIGN

ntegrative Approach to Design

INTEGRATIVE APPROACH TO DESIGN

ntegrative Approach to Design

I.S.S. (Keep it Simple, Stupid)

Recycling VS Downcycling
To eliminate the concept of waste means to design things ---products, packaging and systems on the understanding that waste does NOT exist.
Bill Mc Donough, Cradle to Cradle

Liza Morales-Crespo, AIA, LEED AP, UAP

I.S.S. (Keep It Simple, Stupid)

radicate One size fits all mentality.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Masdar City

Masdar City

1.6 km

Source: http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2010/09/26/arts/design/26masdar-graphic.html

Masdar City

Source: http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2010/09/26/arts/design/26masdar-graphic.html

Masdar City

Source: http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2010/09/26/arts/design/26masdar-graphic.html

 How do welove all the children of all species for all time? ...

How do we love all the children of all species for all time?
-McDonough, Cradle to Cradle Liza Morales-Crespo, AIA, LEED AP, UAP

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