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Jilian McGugan April 5, 2012 GE150 Professor Nelsen Unit 3 Learning Objective

1. Describe how electricity works: pg 95-96 Electricity was simply demonstrated by the force that moves objects toward and away from each other. A force, more powerful than gravity, that moves objects both toward and away from each other, depending upon the charge. There are two kinds of electrical charges; positive and negative. (Trefil & Hazen, 2007) 2. Explain the implication of a magnetic field on earth: pg 99-100 One consequence of a magnetic field on earth is the northern lights, or aurora borealis. Charged particles streaming from the Sun can emit light when they interact with a magnetic field. The convergence of magnetic field lines near Earths North and South Poles enhances this effect and produces the colorful display. (Trefil & Hazen, 2007) 3. Discuss electricity, magnetism, and electromagnetism in terms of biological systems: pg 107 The propagation of nerve signals. A nerve cell consists of a central body and a number of filaments. The dendrites receive incoming signals, and the axon conducts outgoing signals away from the cell body. The myelin sheath helps insulate the axon from neighboring electrical interference. (Trefil & Hazen, 2007) 4. Describe the basic the properties of waves: pg 119 a. Wavelength is the distance between crests, or the highest point of adjacent waves. b. Frequency is the number of wave crests that go by a given point every second. c. Velocity is the speed and direction of the wave crest itself.

d. Amplitude is the height of the wave crest above the undisturbed position, for example, the undisturbed water level.(Trefil & Hazen, 2007) 5. Give examples of different kinds of waves: pg119 a. Wavelength, on a pond the wavelength might be only a centimeter or two, while ocean waves may be tens or hundreds of meters between crests.

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b. Frequency, a wave that sends one crest by every second (completing one cycle) is said to have frequency of one cycle per second or one hertz. Small ripples on a pond might have a frequency of several hertz, while large ocean waves might arrive one once every few seconds. c. Velocity, water waves typically travel a few meters per second, about the speed of walking or jogging, whereas sound waves in the air travel about 340 meters (1100 feet) per second. d. Amplitude, for example, the undisturbed water level.(Trefil & Hazen, 2007) 6. Describe the basic properties and categories of electromagnetic waves: pg124-125 Electromagnetic wave is a wave that is made up of electrical and magnetic fields that fluctuate together; once that fluctuation starts, the wave keeps itself going, even in a vacuum. Maxwells equations also predicted exactly how fast the waves could move, the velocity depends only on known constants such as the universal electrostatic constant in Coulombs equation. Categories of electromagnetic waves: radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, and gamma rays. (Trefil & Hazen, 2007) 7. Discover how chemical energy is transferred to kinetic energy: pg 102 Battery, a device that converts stored chemical energy in the battery materials into kinetic energy of electrons running through on outside wire. (Trefil & Hazen, 2007) 8. Relate the concepts of electricity, magnetism and electromagnetic forces: Electromagnetic wave is a wave that is made up of electrical and magnetic fields that fluctuate together; once that fluctuation starts, the wave keeps itself going, even in a vacuum. Maxwells equations also predicted exactly how fast the waves could move, the velocity depends only on known constants such as the universal electrostatic constant in Coulombs equation(Trefil & Hazen, 2007). 9. Explain how electromagnetic radiation in the form of light is used by animals: pg 122 Bats navigate by emitting high-pitched sounds waves off of other objects. By measuring the time it takes for a pulse of sound waves to go out, be reflected, and come back, the bat can determine the distance to surrounding objects. Whales, dolphins, and porpoises use low-frequency sound echoes as a navigation tool in the ocean, much as bats do in the air. (Trefil & Hazen, 2007)

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10. Assess the interaction of electromagnetic devices in the human body: pg 135 X-rays are used extensively in medicine to form visual images of bones and organs inside the body. The X-ray machine in your doctors or dentists office is something like a giant light bulb with a glass vacuum tube. At one end of the tube is a tungsten filament that is heated to a very high temperature by an electrical current, just as in an incandescent light bulb. At the other end is a polished metal plate.(Trefil & Hazen, 2007)

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Works Cited

Trefil, J., & Hazen, R. (2007). The Sciences. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons.

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