Total No.

of Questions : 12]

SEAT No. : [Total No. of Pages : 4

P784

Time : 3 Hours] 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

T.E. (E & TC) DIGITAL COMMUNICATION (2008 Pattern) (Semester - I)

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[Max. Marks : 100

Instructions to the candidates : Answer any three questions from each section. Answers to the two sections should be written in separate books. Neat diagrams must be drawn wherever necessary. Figures to the right indicate full marks. Assume suitable data, if necessary.

SECTION - I Q1) a) Explain with help of diagram the formatting steps for textual, analog and digital data with example. [8]
1 b) A signal m (t) band-limited to 3kHz is sampled at a rate 33 % higher 3 than the Nyquist rate. The maximum acceptable error in the sample amplitude (the max.quantization error) is 1% of peak amplitude mp. The quantized samples are binary coded. Find the minimum bandwidth of a channel required to transmit the encoded binary signal. If 24 such signals are time-division-multiplexed, determine the minimum transmission bandwidth required to transmit the multiplexed signal. [8] OR Q2) a) What is the necessity of companding? Explain the A law and law of companding graphically with expression. [8] b) Consider a sinusoidal signal em (t) = A sin (2pfmt). Applied to a delta modulator with representation level d. Show that in order to avoid slape overload disfortion it is necessary that : [8] A < d/(2pfm Ts), where Ts is sampling period.

Q3) a) Explain Inter Symbol Interference. With the help of baseband binary data transmision system derive expression of ISI. [10]

P.T.O.

b) Consider the following sequences of 1s and 0s : [8] i) An alternate sequence of 1s and 0s. ii) A long sequence of 1s followed by a long sequence of 0s. iii) A single 0 and then a long sequence of 1s. Sketch the waveform for each of these sequences using Unipolar RZ and Alternate Mark Inversion signalling. OR Q4) a) Derive and sketch the power spectral Density of polar RZ and polar NRZ signalling. [10] b) What is a synchronizer? Explain any one type of bit synchronizer and need for frame synchronization with relevant diagram. [8] Q5) a) Classify and explain different types of Random Processes. [8] b) Consider a Gaussian noise n (t) with zero mean and the power spectral density SN (f) shown in figure. i) Find the probability density function of the envelope of n (t). ii) What are the mean and variance of this envelope? [8]

OR Q6) a) Explain narrowband Noise and represent an narrowband noise in terms of inphase and quadrature components. [8] b) A random telegraph signal x (t), characterized by the autocorrelation function Rx () = exp ( 2v ||) where v is constant is applied to the lowpass RC filter of figure. Determine the power spectral density and auto correlation function of the random process at the filter output. [8]

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SECTION - II Q7) a) Draw the block diagram of QPSK Receiver and explain the working in detail with mathematical expressions. [8] b) State advantages of MSK over QPSK and sketch the waveforms for I/P pattern 11010111. [10] OR Q8) a) Compare the performance of BPSK, FSK, M-ary PSK, M-ary FSK with respect to bandwidth, euclidian distance and probability of error. [10] b) For an input stream of 110100010 explain the encoding and decoding process for DPSK with the help of waveforms and expressions. [8] Q9) a) Binary data has to be transmitted over a telephone link that has a usable bandwidth of 3000 Hz, and a maximum achievable signal-to-noise power ratio of 6dB at its output. i) Determine the maximum signalling rate and probability of error of a coherent ASK scheme is used for transmitting binary data through this channel. ii) If the data is maintained at 300 bits/sec calculate the error probability. Q (3.4) = .0003, Q (6.4) = 1010, Q (5.25) = 107. [8] b) Derive the expression for error probability for optimum filter. [8] OR Q10) a) Consider the signal s (t) in figure below : [8] i) Determine the impulse responce of a filter matched to this signal and sketch it as a function of time. ii) Plot the matched filter output as a function of time. iii) What is the peak value of the output.

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b) A BPSK signal is received at the input of a coherent optimal receiver with amplitude 10mV and frequency 10kHz. The signal is corrupted with white noise of PSD 109 W/Hz. If data rate is 104 bits/sec. i) Find error probability. ii) Find error probability if the local oscillator has a phase shift of /6 rad with input signal. iii) Find error probability if there is 10% mismatching in bit synchronization. erfc (1.58) = 0.0254, erfc (1.36) = 0.0528, erfc (1.26) = .073 erfc (1.09) = 0.1214. [8] Q11) a) What is PN sequence? Verify the three properties of PN sequence with the help of 4 stage shift register. [8] b) Explain different types of multiple access techniques with help of suitable diagram. [8] OR Q12) a) The signal has the following parameters. Number of bits per MFSK symbol K = 2 Number of MFSK tone M = 2K = 4 Length of PN segment per hop K = 3 Total No. frequency hops 2K = 8 sketch the output transmitted frequency of fast FH/MFSK signal. b) Explain in brief : i) Friss Free Space equation. ii) Frequency reuse. iii) Cell splitting. iv) Tamming Margin.

[8] [8]

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