Shear Force

&
Bending Moment
Stress Resultants
Cause & Consequence Chain
Load
Deformation
Stresses
Stress Resultants
Pre-requisites
Equilibrium, analytical conditions.
Types of beam, types of support and support reactions, types
of load.
Functions and graphs.
Applications of Differential & Integral Calculus to Coordinate
geometry.

Introduction
Cantilever beam
FBD of part A
A
P
x
V
1
M
1
P Q
A B
x
1
Equilibrium of part A:
F
Y
= 0 V
1
= P (constant)
M@1 = 0 M
1
= Px (linear)
V
1
Shear force at section 1
M
1
Bending moment at section 1
Introduction
Cantilever beam
FBD of part C
Equilibrium of part C:
F
Y
= 0 V
2
= P + Q (constant)
M@1 = 0 M
2
= Px + Qy (linear)
C
P
x
V
2
M
2
Q
V
2
Shear force at section 2
M
2
Bending moment at section 2
P Q
C D
x
2
y
SF and BM have to be defined at a section.
SF is the transverse force applied by one part of the
beam on the other part.
BM is the couple moment applied by one part of the
beam on the other part.
SF at a section is equal to algebraic sum of transverse
external forces acting on any one part of beam up to
that section.
BM at a section is equal to algebraic sum of moments
about that section by transverse external forces acting
on any one part of beam.
Though SF and BM at a section are determined as sum
of external transverse forces and moments, they are
NOT external actions but are, in fact, internal reactions.

Points to be Noted
+ve SF
Upward on left of section &
Downward on right of section.
-ve SF
Downward on left of section &
Upward on right of section.

+ve BM
Clockwise on left of section & Anti-
clockwise on right of section.
-ve BM
Anti-clockwise on left of section &
Clockwise on right of section.

Sign Convention for SF & BM
V
V
V
V
M M
sagging
M M
hogging

Relations between w, SF & BM
x
dx
w
w
V+dV
M+dM
V M
dx
w
dx
dV
dV V wdx V
F
Y
=
= + +
= E
0 ) (
0
V
dx
dM
dM M M
dx
wdx Vdx
M
=
= + + +
= E
0 ) (
2
0
First order derivative of SF is equal
to intensity of distributed loading.
First order derivative of BM is equal
to intensity/value of SF.
Graphical Interpretations
w
dx
dV
=
Slope of SFD at a point = intensity of loading at that point.
V
dx
dM
=
Slope of BMD at a point = value of SF at that point.
} }
=
= =
2
1
2
1
M
M
Vdx dM
Vdx dM V
dx
dM
M
2
M
1
= Area under SFD between points 1 and 2.
i.e. change in BM over a span is equal to area under SFD over that span.
0 0 =
(

(
=
P
P
dx
dM
V
BM is extremum at point P where SF is zero.
Numerical Example # 1
2m 2m 1.8m 2m
A B
C D E
50kN 30kN 10kNm
Q. Analyze the given beam for SFD
and BMD.
Numerical Example # 1
H
A
V
A
R
B
2m 2m 1.8m 2m
A B
C D E
50kN 30kN
10kNm
Q. Analyze the given beam for SFD
and BMD.
Numerical Example # 1
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) | =
= +
= E
kN R
R
A M
B
B
92 . 26
0 2 50 4 30 10 8 . 7
0 @
1. Support reactions
( ) | =
= +
= E
kN V
R V
F
A
B A
Y
08 . 53
0 30 50
0
0
0
=
= E
A
X
H
F
H
A
V
A
R
B
2m 2m 1.8m 2m
A B
C D E
50kN 30kN
10kNm
Numerical Example # 1
2. SF Analysis
53.08kN
2m 2m 1.8m 2m
A B
C D E
50kN 30kN
10kNm
26.92kN
x
Span AC
=
X
F
Numerical Example # 1
2. SF Analysis
53.08kN
2m 2m 1.8m 2m
A B
C D E
50kN 30kN
10kNm
26.92kN
x
Span AC
. 08 . 53 , 08 . 53
08 . 53
kN F kN F
F
C A
X
= =
=
(constant)
Numerical Example # 1
2. SF Analysis
53.08kN
2m 2m 1.8m 2m
A B
C D E
50kN 30kN
10kNm
26.92kN
x
Span AC
. 08 . 53 , 08 . 53
08 . 53
kN F kN F
F
C A
X
= =
=
Span CD
. 08 . 3 , 08 . 3
08 . 3 50 08 . 53
kN F kN F
F
D C
X
= =
= =
(constant)
(constant)
Numerical Example # 1
2. SF Analysis
53.08kN
2m 2m 1.8m 2m
A B
C D E
50kN 30kN
10kNm
26.92kN
x
Span AC
. 08 . 53 , 08 . 53
08 . 53
kN F kN F
F
C A
X
= =
=
Span CD
. 08 . 3 , 08 . 3
08 . 3 50 08 . 53
kN F kN F
F
D C
X
= =
= =
Span DE
. 92 . 26 , 92 . 26
92 . 26 30 50 08 . 53
kN F kN F
F
D C
X
= =
= =
(constant)
(constant)
(constant)
Numerical Example # 1
2. SF Analysis
53.08kN
2m 2m 1.8m 2m
A B
C D E
50kN 30kN
10kNm
26.92kN
x
Span AC
. 08 . 53 , 08 . 53
08 . 53
kN F kN F
F
C A
X
= =
=
Span CD
. 08 . 3 , 08 . 3
08 . 3 50 08 . 53
kN F kN F
F
D C
X
= =
= =
Span DE
. 92 . 26 , 92 . 26
92 . 26 30 50 08 . 53
kN F kN F
F
D C
X
= =
= =
Span EB
. 92 . 26 , 92 . 26
92 . 26 30 50 08 . 53
kN F kN F
F
B E
X
= =
= =
(constant)
(constant)
(constant)
(constant)
Numerical Example # 1
2. SF Analysis
Span AC
. 08 . 53 , 08 . 53
08 . 53
kN F kN F
F
C A
X
= =
=
Span CD
. 08 . 3 , 08 . 3
08 . 3 50 08 . 53
kN F kN F
F
D C
X
= =
= =
Span DE
. 92 . 26 , 92 . 26
92 . 26 30 50 08 . 53
kN F kN F
F
D C
X
= =
= =
Span EB
. 92 . 26 , 92 . 26
92 . 26 30 50 08 . 53
kN F kN F
F
B E
X
= =
= =
(constant)
(constant)
(constant)
(constant)
+
-
53.08kN
2m 2m 1.8m 2m
A B
C D E
50kN 30kN
10kNm
26.92kN
53.08
3.08
26.92
Numerical Example # 1
3. BM Analysis
+
-
53.08
3.08
26.92
53.08kN
2m 2m 1.8m 2m
A B
C D E
50kN 30kN
10kNm
26.92kN
x
Span AC
. 16 . 106 , 0
08 . 53
kNm M M
x M
C A
X
= =
=
(linear)
Numerical Example # 1
3. BM Analysis
+
-
53.08
3.08
26.92
53.08kN
2m 2m 1.8m 2m
A B
C D E
50kN 30kN
10kNm
26.92kN
x
Span AC
. 16 . 106 , 0
08 . 53
kNm M M
x M
C A
X
= =
=
(linear)
Span CD
( )
. 32 . 112 , 16 . 106
2 50 08 . 53
kNm M kNm M
x x M
D C
X
= =
= (linear)
Numerical Example # 1
3. BM Analysis
+
-
53.08
3.08
26.92
53.08kN
2m 2m 1.8m 2m
A B
C D E
50kN 30kN
10kNm
26.92kN
x
Span AC
. 16 . 106 , 0
08 . 53
kNm M M
x M
C A
X
= =
=
(linear)
Span CD
( )
. 32 . 112 , 16 . 106
2 50 08 . 53
kNm M kNm M
x x M
D C
X
= =
= (linear)
Span DE
( ) ( )
. 864 . 63 , 32 . 112
4 30 2 50 08 . 53
kNm M kNm M
x x x M
E D
X
= =
=
(linear)
Numerical Example # 1
3. BM Analysis
+
-
53.08
3.08
26.92
53.08kN
2m 2m 1.8m 2m
A B
C D E
50kN 30kN
10kNm
26.92kN
x
Span AC
. 16 . 106 , 0
08 . 53
kNm M M
x M
C A
X
= =
=
(linear)
Span CD
( )
. 32 . 112 , 16 . 106
2 50 08 . 53
kNm M kNm M
x x M
D C
X
= =
= (linear)
Span DE
( ) ( )
. 864 . 63 , 32 . 112
4 30 2 50 08 . 53
kNm M kNm M
x x x M
E D
X
= =
=
(linear)
Span EB
( ) ( )
. 0 , 864 . 53
10 4 30 2 50 08 . 53
= =
=
B E
X
M kNm M
x x x M (linear)
Numerical Example # 1
3. BM Analysis
Span AC
. 16 . 106 , 0
08 . 53
kNm M M
x M
C A
X
= =
=
(linear)
Span CD
( )
. 32 . 112 , 16 . 106
2 50 08 . 53
kNm M kNm M
x x M
D C
X
= =
= (linear)
Span DE
( ) ( )
. 864 . 63 , 32 . 112
4 30 2 50 08 . 53
kNm M kNm M
x x x M
E D
X
= =
=
(linear)
Span EB
( ) ( )
. 0 , 864 . 53
10 4 30 2 50 08 . 53
= =
=
B E
X
M kNm M
x x x M (linear)
+
-
53.08
3.08
26.92
53.08kN
2m 2m 1.8m 2m
A B
C D E
50kN 30kN
10kNm
26.92kN
106.16
112.32
63.864
53.864
Observations
Type of Load SFD BMD
Point load
Vertical offset at the point of
action, constant variation in
the span.
No offset at the point of
action, linear variation in the
span.
Concentrated couple
moment
No change either at the point
of action or in the span.
Vertical offset at the point of
action, constant variation in
the span.
Uniformly distributed
load
Linear variation in the span.
Parabolic variation in the
span.
Uniformly
varying load
Parabolic variation in the
span.
Cubic variation in the span.
Thank You!