HARVARD ORIENTAL SERIES

Edited by MICHAEL WITZEL

VOLUME SEVENTY-FIVE

The Foundation for Yoga Practitioners

The Buddhist Yogcrabhmi Treatise and
Its Adaptation in India, East Asia, and Tibet

Edited by
Ulrich Timme KRAGH

PUBLISHED BY THE DEPARTMENT

OF SOUTH ASIAN STUDIES
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
DISTRIBUTED BY
HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS
CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS
AND LONDON, ENGLAND
2013

Copyright 2013
by the President and Fellows of Harvard College
and the President of Geumgang University
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written
permission except in case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews
For information write to Editor, Harvard Oriental Series, Department of South Asian
Studies, 1 Bow Street, Cambridge MA 02138, USA
617-495 3295; email: witzel@fas.harvard.edu
Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data
The Foundation for Yoga Practitioners: The Buddhist Yogcrabhmi Treatise and Its
Adaptation in India, East Asia, and Tibet
Harvard Oriental Series; v. 75
ISBN 978-0-674-72543-0
I. Ulrich Timme Kragh 1969II. Title
III. Series: Harvard Oriental Series; 75
CIP

List of Contents
Foreword ...............................................................................................................8
Acknowledgements...............................................................................................10
Preface ...................................................................................................................16
The Yogcrabhmi and Its Adaptation: Introductory Essay
with a Summary of the Basic Section by Ulrich Timme KRAGH .......................22
I. THE YOGCRABHMI
BACKGROUND AND ENVIRONMENT
Tilmann VETTER
Early Mahyna and 'The Bodhisattvas of the Ten Directions'..............290
Noriaki HAKAMAYA ()
Serving and Served Monks in the Yogcrabhmi ..................................312
Hidenori S. SAKUMA ()
Remarks on the Lineage of Indian Masters of the Yogcra
School: Maitreya, Asaga, and Vasubandhu............................................330
Hartmut BUESCHER
Distinguishing the Two Vasubandhus, the Bhyakra and the
Koakra, as Yogcra-Vijnavda Authors .........................................368
Noritoshi ARAMAKI ()
Two Notes on the Formation
of the Yogcrabhmi Text-Complex ......................................................398
Lambert SCHMITHAUSEN
Kuala and Akuala : Reconsidering the Original Meaning of a
Basic Pair of Terms of Buddhist Spirituality and Ethics and Its
Development up to Early Yogcra .........................................................440
II. THE YOGCRABHMI
THE TEXT
Martin DELHEY
The Yogcrabhmi Corpus: Sources, Editions, Translations,
and Reference Works ................................................................................498

II.1 THE YOGCRABHMI

THE BASIC SECTION (*MAULYO BHMAYA )
Kichi TAKAHASHI ()
The Premise of Vastu in the Manobhmi ................................................ 564
Dan LUSTHAUS
A Note on Medicine and Psychosomatic Relations in the First
Two Bhmi s of the Yogcrabhmi......................................................... 578
Nobuyoshi YAMABE ()
Parallel Passages between the Manobhmi and the
*Yogcrabhmi of Sagharaka............................................................ 596
Robert KRITZER
Garbhvakrntau ('In the Garbhvakrnti'): Quotations from
the Garbhvakrntistra in Abhidharma Literature and the
Yogcrabhmi .......................................................................................... 738
Peter SKILLING
Nets of Intertextuality: Embedded Scriptural Citations in the
Yogcrabhmi .......................................................................................... 772
Yasunori SUGAWARA ()
The Bhvanmay Bhmi : Contents and Formation............................ 792
Alexander VON ROSPATT
Remarks on the Bhvanmay Bhmi and Its Treatment of
Practice ....................................................................................................... 852
Michael ZIMMERMANN
The Chapter on Right Conduct in the Bodhisattvabhmi ...................... 872
Florin DELEANU
Meditative Practices in the Bodhisattvabhmi : Quest for and
Liberation through the Thing-In-Itself .................................................... 884
II.2 THE YOGCRABHMI
THE SUPPLEMENTARY SECTION (SAGRAHA )
William S. WALDRON
layavijna as Keystone Dharma:
The laya Treatise of the Yogcrabhmi .............................................. 922
Kazunobu MATSUDA ()
Sanskrit Fragments of the Sadhinirmocanastra ................................. 938

III. THE INDIAN YOGCRA RECEPTION

Changhwan PARK ()
What are crya s or *Yaugcrabhmika s Doing in
Abhidharmakoabhya 3-28ab?...............................................................948
Jowita KRAMER
A Study of the Saskra Section of Vasubandhu's Paca skandhaka with Reference to Its Commentary by Sthiramati ................986
Harunaga ISAACSON
Yogcra and Vajrayna according to Ratnkaranti...........................1036
IV. THE EAST ASIAN YOGCRA RECEPTION
Bing CHEN ()
Reflections on the Revival of Yogcra in Modern Chinese
Buddhism ....................................................................................................1054
Eyal AVIV
The Root that Nourishes the Branches: The Role of the
Yogcrabhmi in 20th -Century Chinese Scholastic Buddhism ............1078
Lawrence Y.K. LAU ()
Chinese Scholarship on Yogcra Buddhism since 1949 ........................1092
Sangyeob CHA ()
The Yogcrabhmi Meditation Doctrine of the 'Nine Stages
of Mental Abiding' in East and Central Asian Buddhism .......................1166
A. Charles MULLER
The Contribution of the Yogcrabhmi to the System of the
Two Hindrances .........................................................................................1192
Sungdoo AHN ()
Theories of the Daranamrga in the Yogcrabhmi and
Their Chinese Interpretations...................................................................1212
Makoto YOSHIMURA ()
The Wish School and the Buddha-Nature Debate in the Early
Tng Dynasty ..............................................................................................1234
Seongcheol KIM ()
A Brief History of Studies on the Yogcra School in Modern
Korea...........................................................................................................1254

Leslie S. KAWAMURA ()
Gadjin M. Nagao on MSA I.1 and I.2 ...................................................... 1296
V. THE TIBETAN YOGCRA RECEPTION
Dorji WANGCHUK
On the Status of the Yogcra School in Tibetan Buddhism ................. 1316
Orna ALMOGI
Yogcra in the Writings of the Eleventh-Century Rnying ma
Scholar Rong zom Chos kyi bzang po ...................................................... 1330
Ulrich Timme KRAGH
All Mind, No Text All Text, No Mind: Tracing Yogcra in
the Early Bka' brgyud Literature of Dags po ........................................... 1362
Leonard W.J. VAN DER KUIJP
Notes on Jnamitra's Commentary on the
Abhidharmasamuccaya ............................................................................. 1388