1NS1DE:
1993: The year in review - special section
beginning on page S.
Published by the Ukrainian National Association inc.; a fraternal non-profit association
vol. LXI
Famine amendment causes furor Ukraine deactivates some missiles
over genocide studies bill in NJ. as good-will gesture toward West
by Walter Bodnar
NEWARK, N J . - A Ukrainian
famine amendment to the Holocaust
studies bill has caused a furor in the New
Jersey State Legislature. On Monday,
December ІЗ, State Sen. Ronald A. Rice
(D-Essex County) introduced an amend–
ment to S-2155 (after it passed in the
State Assembly as A-2780), which stated
that the genocidal 1932-1933 famine in
Ukraine should be added to its list of
genocides as part of the state's high
school curriculum. The "Rice amend–
ment" was accepted by a vote of 27-0 in
the Senate on Thursday, December 16.
An additional amendment sponsored by
Sen. Randy Corman (R-Middlesex) to
include the Polish Katyn genocide was
passed by a vote of 28-0.
Assembly Speaker Garabed Haytaian
(R-Warren) said he was shocked at the
Senate action, especially since he had
specifically asked that the Senate
Education Committee accept his bill
without changes. This the committee did,
but when it reached the floor of the
Senate, several amendments were
approved and then sent back to the
Assembly. Co-sponsor Assemblywoman
Harriet Derman (R-Middlesex) amended
the bill so that it reverted to its original
form (without the Ukrainian and Polish
amendments) and was then returned to
the Senate.
On December 16, Senate President
Donald DiFrancesco (R-Union) refused
to post the bill as re-amended, explaining
that "the Senate moved the bill in the
form it was interested in" during the pre–
vious session, if the bill is not resolved at
the upcoming final session of the State
Legislature on January 10, the bill will
die and will have to be introduced anew.
Jewish organizations, as reported in
The Record, New Jersey's second largest
newspaper, threatened "to withdraw
political support from legislators if they
insisted on putting Jewish victims of the
Nazis in the same bill with Poles and
Ukrainians, who they said suffered atroc–
ities but, they said, also took part in the
killing machine as camp guards." Paul
Winkler of the state's Holocaust
Education Commission was quoted as
saying: "The tragedy of the Holocaust
with its victims and survivors is dimin–
ished when placed in the same paragraph
with other events not as catastrophic as
the Nazi systematic planned extermina–
tion of a whole nation or ethnic group."
The original bill was introduced in
September by Assembly Speaker
Haytaian, who is of Armenian descent,
and Ms. Derman, with a proviso that in
addition to mandating the teaching of the
Nazi Holocaust in the high schools of
New Jersey, the Cambodian and
Armenian genocides were to be included
і 3 -J 3 J з '
U-–
NLAV.C '
No. 52 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 26,1993 50 cents
in the bill. This caused the Turkish com– by Maria Kolomayets Strobe Talbott and U.S. Deputy Defense
munity to vehemently protest the inclu– Kyyiv Press Bureau Secretary Warren Perry, as well as
sion of the Armenian tragedy as a geno– Deputy Prime Minister Shmarov and
cide on the grounds that the slaughter of KYYiv - in what has been called a Deputy Foreign Minister Borys Tarasiuk.
more than a million Armenians was gesture of good-will toward the West,
Ukraine has deactivated 17 of its 46 SS– According to Ukrainian government
caused by civil war.
24 missiles and plans to take three more sources, Ukraine reached a preliminary
Sens. Jack Sinagra (R-Middlesex) and off military alert by the end of the year, agreement with the other two nuclear
Louis Kosco (R-Bergen) favored the bill Ukrainian officials said on Monday, states on receiving compensation for its
without amendments. The New Jersey December 20. nuclear weapon.
School Boards Association's John Mr. Kravchuk told reporters on
"Seventeen missiles have been deacti–
Henderson argued that the bill as written
vated," said Deputy Prime Minister Tuesday, December 21, that a three-way
would create discord and resentment agreement regarding compensation for
valeriy Shmarov, explaining that the
among the groups that have been
warheads have been removed from the nuclear weapons, security guarantees and
glossed over or omitted on purpose and
launchers and placed in a storage com– scientific and technical assistance would
that its implementation "is more likely to
plex. He said the remaining 26 missiles soon be signed by the three nations, but
foster intolerance and inflame passions."
would be deactivated by the end of 1994. could not give details, adding only that it
What looked like a simple, easily legis–
The SS-24s, which are the most modem would be an agreement based on interna–
latable bill ran into a snag.
of Ukraine's nuclear arsenal, carry 10 tional principles. He said this topic was
The poignancy and interest in this leg– warheads each; to date 170 warheads discussed during a meeting with vice
islation was heightened for the Ukrainian have been removed from the launchers. President Al Gore last week in Budapest,
where the two leaders had traveled for
community because 1993 marks the 60th "1 think the world community will the funeral of Joszef Antall, former prime
anniversary of the tragic genocidal evaluate this step accordingly," said Mr. minister of Hungary.
famine in Ukraine, in comparison to Shmarov, who is in charge of the defense
events marking the 50th anniversary 10 conversion complex. However, there was no immediate
years ago, the 60th anniversary generated President Leonid FCravchuk confirmed comment from U.S. or Russian govern–
hardly a ripple of activity in the U.S., and this news, which came just three days ment officials.
the year passed almost unnoticed in gov– after high-level delegations from the "We have removed the warheads from
emmental and academic circles, with the United States, Russia and Ukraine met in the missile launchers and placed them on
exception of several congressional state– Kyyiv. That delegation included Russian the 'object S' (storage complex!. They
ments. Deputy Foreign Minister Georgy can be put back on the missiles. But, l'd
(Continued on page 22) Mamedov, U.S. Ambassador at Large (Continued on page 24)
11 ANALYS1S: Demographics of party support in Ukraine І
by Jaroslaw Martyniuk How much support the largest of these registered political
Media and Opinion Research, RFEfRL Research institute parties enjoy is an open question. No one has yet attempted to
measure their popularity through nationwide polls. Party leaders
PARTI point to membership figures, but these are often inaccurate indi–
On September 24, three days after accepting Prime Minister cators of popular support.3
Leonid Kuchma's resignation, the Ukrainian Parliament voted to in May 1993, the Media and Opinion Research (MOR)
hold parliamentary elections on March 27, 1994, and presidential Department of the RFE7RL Research institute commissioned a
elections on June 26, 1994. The vote in favor of new elections Ukraine-wide survey focusing on media behavior that included
questions intended to reveal voter intentions.4 The following
came on the heels of a protracted and often heated debate and
was undoubtedly motivated by the desire to avoid a confrontation analysis of the survey's results sheds some light on the level
and distribution of support for the major political parties in the
similar to the one that was unfolding in Russia at the time.
in preparation for the elections, the Ukrainian Parliament had spring of this year.5 The analysis is by no means an attempt to
predict the outcome of the parliamentary elections scheduled
to pass a new electoral law determining whether a system of
for March; rather, the poll results can be regarded as a baseline
majority or proportional representation would decide the compo–
with which future political shifts can be compared.
sition of the Parliament elected in March 1994. On November
18, the 450-member legislature voted by 245-8 in favor of the Of the 2,034 respondents, a majority (55 percent) said they
majority system. The law thus favors the Socialists and would vote if elections were held during the week of the survey,
Communists, who have larger memberships than the other major 30 percent said they would not, and 15 percent were undecided
Ukrainian parties and are better organized to carry out election or did not know.6 The 55 percent projected participation was
campaigns. The Democrats, who had been in favor of some considerably below the 84 percent turnout at the presidential
degree of proportional representation, refused to vote and elections and the referendum on independence in December
1991, perhaps owing to the current difficult economic condi–
walked out in protest.1
tions in Ukraine and increasing disenchantment with the politi–
Since the referendum on independence of December 1991, cal process.7
the Ukrainian political scene has been characterized by the pro–
liferation of political parties and frequent realignment of politi– Who supports which party
cal forces. Many parties have similar names and platforms, and
there are also numerous politically active organizations; for Data from the survey reveal some interesting demographic
example, of businessmen, kolhosp (collective farm) directors, and regional patterns of party affiliation. The most significant
and private farmers. Between June and October 1993, the num– of these patterns was that the democratic parties (especially the
ber of political parties registered with the Ministry of Justice Democratic Party of Ukraine, Rukh, and the Party for
increased from 19 to 28, although only a handful can be consid– Democratic Rebirth of Ukraine) tended to attract younger vot–
ered major political forces.2 (Continued on page 3)
 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 26,1993 No. 52

Ukraine's Parliament plods along

NMSBB1EFS
in dealing with economic problems British center to open in Odessa
UNESCO to mark anniversaries
by Roman Woronowycz up large government-run factories and KYYiv - At a press briefing at the ODESSA - A British cultural Center
Kyyiv Press Bureau collectives only after inflation has been Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ukraine's will open in Odessa at the state universi–
reeled in and the economy stabilized. delegation to UNESCO reported on the ty, British Ambassador Simon Hemans
KYYiv - Ukraine's Parliament, like This would be accomplished by decen–
its economy, continues to struggle along. work of the 27th general conference of said during his trip to this port city in
tralizing management, lifting existing the United Nations body. UNESCO early December. The center will promote
in the last week before recess, it succeed– free market restrictions, which would
ed in passing a rather vague act on demo– approved Ukraine's proposal to include English culture and language and a spe–
allow equal access to all market areas, three anniversaries on the list of those to cialized library will be formed. "We
nopolization of the economy and fum– and providing a stimulus for competitors
bled with an economic reform package be celebrated in 1994-1995. These are think that studying English will help
to enter the marketplace, according to the the 100th anniversary of the birth of film- Ukrainian business people, scientists,
that seems more designed to lift any legislation. However, the document does
reform burdens from the deputies' shoul– maker Oleksander Dovzhenko, the 200th and cultural representatives in establish–
not state how these goals are to be anniversary of the death of philosopher ing contacts with their foreign col-
ders than to effect specific economic accomplished.
change. Hryhoriy Skovoroda and the 400th leagues, speed up Ukraine's return to the
The act on demonopolization. which it also explains that private monopo– anniversary of the birth of Hetman progressive paths of economic develop–
calls for a two-stage move to break up lies will be deterred by government con– Bohdan Khmelnytsky. (Respublika) ment," said the ambassador. (interfax-
large industrial sectors owned by the lrol of prices and tariffs, and limits on Ukraine)
profits. River shipping company is privatized
government and their eventual privatiza–
Former Deputy Prime Minister and Trilateral pact on Chernobyl evacuees
tion, passed the Parliament on Tuesday KYYiv - Western and Ukrainian
by a vote of 246 to 2. Minister of the Economy viktor experts have praised the privatization of the M1NSK — An agreement between
However, besides anointing the forma– Pynzenyk, who retains his seat in the slate river shipping company Ukrrichflot as a Russia, Ukraine and Belarus on mutual
tion of a committee and appointing a Parliament, dismissed the new act. bright spot amid the chaos of Ukraine's eco– payments for resettling people evacuated
chairman, little could be gleaned from "Right now, none of this is important. І nomic crisis, "in five years of experience in from the Chornobyl zone^ was signed
the document that would suggest de- didn't even bother to show for the Eastern Europe, 1 have never met authorities here on December 8. Citizens of all three
monopolization and large-scale privaliza– debate. Until financial reform is imple– so devoted to the privatization of a company countries now have the status of reset-
tion were imminent. mented, these acts mean nothing." they ran," said Mario Gobbo, senior banker tiers and can choose places of residence.
Oleksander Zavada, who was named However, Deputy Mykhailo Horyn, of the European Bank for Reconstruction They are guaranteed all civil rights and
chairman of the just-created Committee leader of the Ukrainian Republican Party, and Development, at a press conference in monetary compensation for travel
on Demonopolization and Promotion of disagreed. He explained that he voted for November. The EBRD is overseeing the expenses. (interfax-Ukraine)
Competition, said he realizes that the the demonopolization act because it was changeover at Ukrrichflot, the first privatiza–
directives are vague and termed the act essential before further movement tion of a large-scale enterprise in Ukraine. Hromada to prepare "rescue plan "
one of ideology. But he added, "Before towards a free-market economy takes Thus far, 50 percent of the firm's shares had
been sold to Ukrainian citizens and firms, as KYYiv - On the eve of new elec–
no centralized effort toward demonopo– place. tions, a political organization called
lization existed in government. We "in the move to privatization, a policy well as foreign investors. Plans call for 75
percent of the shares to be distributed pub– Hromada has been created. During a
worked on legislation piecemeal and in a of demonopolization is essential. press conference on December 8, its
fragmented manner. Now we have a for– Without it we will only strengthen exist– licly. Ukrrichflot employs 12,000 people and
owns 647 ships. (Reuters) leaders said they intended to provide the
mal, centralized structure and a united, ing monopolies and allow them to set government with a "rescue plan," which
concrete plan to go out to work." market prices," he said. would include preferential incentives for
The act, which was proposed by the Ukrainian envoy visits Samarkand
exporters, "civilized" privatization, eco–
Cabinet of Ministers, calls for breaking (Continued on page 24) nomic restructuring, curbs on inflation
KYYiv — yolodymyr Smietanin,
Ukraine's ambassador to Uzbekistan, has and efficient social protection' for the
been traveling around the country. He populace. (interfax-Ukraine)
Batiouk named envoy to Canada recently visited Samarkand and
Shakhrisabz, touring local enterprises Government explains ban. on credits
and meeting with regional leaders. He KYYiv - The Cabinet of Ministers
by Christopher Guly Ukraine's Permanent Mission to the U.N. and Uzbek leaders discussed concrete
where he remained until 1973. and National Bank of Ukraine on
OTTAWA - viktor Batiouk, proposals for economic cooperation December 9 explained their actions ban–
From 1978 to 1984, he served as between enterprises in Ukraine and
Ukraine's permanent representative to Ukraine's ambassador to the world body ning the issuance of credits by commer–
the United Nations in New York, was in Geneva and was named newly inde– Uzbekistan. (Respublika) cial banks. These measures, they
named Ukraine's second ambassador to pendent Ukraine's ambassador to the Crimean businessman enters race explained, were caused by the need to
Canada on December 17. U.N. in New York in 1992 until now. immediately mobilize funds for the pop–
Mr. Batiouk, 54, succeeds Levko Mr. Batiouk, fluent in Canada's offi– KYYiv — Speaking at a news confer– ulation's social protection after the
Lukianenko, who announced his resigna– cial languages (English and French), is ence here on December 2, Yuriy Parliament raised minimum wages and
tion in September and returned to married with three children. He has also Kolesnikov, a prominent Crimean busi– pensions. The government and NBU
Ukraine in early November. But unlike published his poetry and has translated nessman, accused Ukraine's central gov– justified their decision as an attempt to
Ambassador Lukianenko, a former politi– Mario Puzo's "The Godfather" into ernment of ignoring Crimean develop– harness inflation and uncontrollable
cian, Mr. Batiouk will arrive in Ottawa Ukrainian. ments and the peninsular authorities' growth of cash inflow. Commercial
on January 25 as a seasoned diplomat. On February 10, Ambassador-desig– insistence on establishing their total con– banks are allowed to issue credits within
A graduate of the State institute for nate Batiouk will present his credentials trol over the peninsula. Mr. Kolesnikov the debt limits as of December 4,
Foreign Relations in Moscow, the to Governor General Ramon Hnatyshyn also announced he intends to enter the including interbank credits, torepayfor
Ukrainian-born diplomat joined the at a ceremony in Ottawa. Crimean presidential race. Mr. earlier issued credits, forwarding them
Kolesnikov, the president of the Crimea- primarily as payment for electric power
Ukrainian SSR Ministry of Foreign Ukraine has been represented in
Continental joint-stock company, also and purchase of hard currency.
Affairs in 1962. Six years later, he joined Ottawa since May 1992. (interfax-Ukraine)
unveiled a business plan, which could
supply the Ukrainian countryside with
natural gas. (interfax-Ukraine) (Continued on page 23)
Balcerowicz speaks on transitions
in Eastern and Central Europe THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY FOUNDED 1933
WASHINGTON (UNiS) - Dr. ring in all areas. Another special feature An English-language newspaper published by the Ukrainian National Association inc.,
Leszek Balcerowicz, former deputy is the method of change, by which revo– a non-profit association, at 30 Montgomery St., Jersey City, N.J. 07302.
prime minister and finance minister of lutions have occurred with relatively no Second-class postage paid at Jersey City, N.J. 07302.
Poland, spoke at the second international bloodshed. The third is the sequence of (lSSN - 0273-9348)
Finance Corporation's second annual lec– change, as Dr. Balcerowicz noted we are
ture on the "Economic Transition in seeing "mass democracy first and then Yearly subscription rate: 120; for UNA members - S10.
Central and Eastern Europe: capitalism" — the reverse of prior histor– Also published by the UNA Svoboda, a Ukrainian-language daily newspaper.
Comparisons and Lessons." ical trends. The Weekly and Svoboda: UNA
The December lecture covered the Emphasizing the importance of eco– (201) 434-0237, -0807, -3036 (201)451-2200
process of reform in Central and Eastern nomic transition, Dr. Balcerowicz said he
Europe, and offered suggestions on what believes that only a government that is Postmaster, send address Editor-in-chief: Roma Hadzewycz
must be done in order to achieve success interested in change can achieve reform, changes to: Associate editor: Marta Kolomayets (Kyyiv)
in these regions. because "the policy of reforms can be The Ukrainian Weekly Assistant editor: Khristina Lew .
Dr. Balcerowicz began his lecture by controlled," while internal conditions and P.O. Box 346 Staff writersfedltors: Roman Woronowycz (Kyyiv)
noting that the reforms in Europe are environmental conditions are beyond Jersey City, N.J. 07303 AndrijKudlaWynnyckyJ
unique for three reasons. Thefirstdiffer– anyone's control.
Supporting radical change over grad– The Ukrainian Weekly, December 26,1993, NO. 52, vol. LXl
ence is that the reforms are not limited to Copyright 01993 The Ukrainian Weekly
one part of society, but rather are occur– (Continued on page 4)

-
No. 52 T H E UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 26,1993

ly high percentage of undecided respon–

Demographics.,. dents may be partly attributed to the
Recent developments suggest that the
SPU may be joining forces with the
elections were to be held this week, would
you vote?" if the response was "yes," the
(Continued from page 1) region's large rural population. The revived Communist Party of Ukraine respondent was then given a list of 10 parties
ers. in addition, these parties were more large proportion of undecided respon– (CPU), which wasregisteredin Kyyiv on and asked to name one. if the party of the
likely to attract residents of western dents in both of these regions may have October 5, 1993. in early November, for respondent's choice did not appear on the list,
Ukraine, those with higher education and been due to the reluctance of many example, the leader of the SPU, his preferences was recorded in the "other"
those with strong religious beliefs. The respondents there to admit openly an Oleksander Moroz, addressed a joint category.
Socialist Party of Ukraine (SPU, the dis– affiliation with the SPU. The lower per– meeting of the CPU and SPU in Kyyiv, 7
The demographic profile of the 45 per–
credited former Communist Party), on centage of undecided voters in southern declaring that "only Communists can cent of the respondents who said they would
the other hand, attracted a large propor– Ukraine is consistent with the finding, save the state system of Ukraine."13 not vote or were undecided did not differ sub–
tion of middle-aged voters (between 50 referred to above, that the residents of stantially from that of the 55 percent who said
and 64 years of age), proclaimed atheists this region have different voting tenden– 1
Reuters, November 18, 1993. they would vote.
and unskilled workers. The relatively low cies from those in eastern and central 2
Demokratychna Ukraina. October 6, 8
Based on author's conversation with
levels of support for the Ukrainian Ukraine (excluding Kyyiv). 1993. valeriy Khmeiko of the Kyyiv international
Republican Party and the Social 3
in its August 13, 1993, issue, vechirniy institute of Sociology on October 12, 1993.
Democratic Party of Ukraine (4 percent Aggregate support for blocs 9
The use of the terms "right" and "left" in
Kyyiv estimated the membership of the
and 3 percent, respectively) make it diffi– Although several democratic coalitions Socialist Party of Ukraine at 90,000; the this article is consistent with standard usage in
cult to identify any demographic patterns have been formed, their composition and Ukrainian Republican Party, 12,000; the the West.
among their constituencies. orientation have been in a state of flux. coalition New Ukraine, 5,000; the Ukrainian 10
For a full discussion of the emerging
The single largest group of respon– Some political parties belong to more Peasant Democratic Party, 4,000; the Liberal regional parties and organizations, see
dents was formed by the undecided vot– than one coalition; thus it is more mean– Party of Ukraine, 3,000; and the Party of Andrew Wilson, "The Growing Challenge to
ers (37 percent), who were likely to be ingful for the purpose of this analysis to Democratic Rebirth of Ukraine, 2,500. Kyyiv from the Donbas," RFEflU, Research
4
elderly (nearly half were age 65 or over), group the eight major parties according to The survey, designed to study media and Report, No. 33, August 20, 1993.
living in eastern Ukraine and in posses– their general political orientation (see public opinion in Ukraine, was carried out by 1
' The Labor Party of Ukraine is often con-
sion of an incomplete or secondary edu– Figure l). 9 The democratic category con– the Kyyiv-based international institute of fused with the Labor Congress of Ukraine,
cation. Female voters were more likely to sists of four democratic center-right par- Sociology. Face-to-face interviews were con- formed in March 1993. The latter considers
be undecided than male voters. The ties, three democratic center-left parties, ducted with 2,034 respondents, selected in a itself part of the "constructive center" and
demographic profile of the undecided and the small national democratic parties random procedure designed to provide a sample insists that economic reform must be accom–
voters closely resembled that of the included in the "other" category. representative of the population of Ukraine. panied by "social guarantees."
5
respondents who said they would vote for Democratic bloc political parties were This analysis focuses on eight political 12
Only a handful of respondents included
the SPU. This finding suggests that many selected by a total of 48 percent of the parties that, according to MOR polls, had the in the "other" category were able to identify
of the undecided respondents may have respondents. The combined number of support of at least 3 percent of the population these parties by name.
sympathized with the Socialists but were those who said they would vote for either in Ukraine in May 1993. 13
Kievskiye vedomosti, November 5,
6
unwilling to admit their preference to an the Socialists or the Communists was 11 Respondents were asked; "if general 1993.
interviewer. percent. The key unan–
swered question is how
Party support by region the large group of unde– Figure 1
cided voters (37 percent) Support by Political Orientation
A regional breakdown of party support would have cast their bal–
shows that support for the DPU was lots. Given that the demo-
Democratic Parties Center Left ( 1 4 ^ )
highest in western and southern Ukraine graphic profiles of the
as well as in Kyyiv. With its relatively undecided respondents Green Party of Ukraine (544)
Other ( 7 4 ) ,
5 ^
small party membership (3,000), it is dif– resembled those who indi– Socialist Party (З”Л) Party for Democratic Revival of Ukraine lfi"A,)
ficult to explain the popularity of this cated that they would vote Social Democratic Party of Ukraine (3"?fe)
party in these regions. Moreover, it is not for the SPU, it is possible
clear whether respondents chose the DPU that most would have Undeddedpnt)
because, of their familiarity with the party voted' for either Socialist Democratic Parties Center Right (334^
or merely .because they responded to the or Communist parties, as Peasant Democratic Party (6"54)
incorporation of the word "democratic" was the case in the Polish Republican Party of Ukraine (A"k)
in its name. elections in September Democratic Party of Ukraine (16"X))
Political analysts in Ukraine attribute 1993 and the Lithuanian
the DPU's popularity to two factors: an elections in the fall of Rukh fJ"A,)
appealing name, uncolored by other 1992. in the unlikely event
adjectives such as "social" or "national"; that all the undecided vot–
and the party's improved image since the ers would have cast their
charismatic and highly visible volodymyr ballots for the Socialist Table 1
Yavorivsky took over its leadership in and Communist camp, the Support for Major Political Parties, May 1993
e
December 1992. The fact that many, of political forces of the left (Percentage of those who said they would vote if elections were held the same week)
its leading members (including ivan would have had the sup-
Drach and Dmytro Pavlychko) are promi– port of nearly half (48 per– Party Total Support Support According to various Categories Support
nent politicians may also contribute to the cent) of the electorate, in
party's popularity. such a case, the democrat– Democratic Party 16 Residents of western Ukraine 24
The high level of support for the DPU ic forces would not have Those age 35 and under 20
in western Ukraine (24 percent) comes as had a clear mandate to Those with higher education 20
no surprise, given the region tradition of govern or to introduce Socialist Party 9 Professed atheists 19
protesting against the Soviet system and economic reforms. Unskilled workers 17
its generally greater political and national Since the winter of Those age 50 - 64 13
awareness. However, the fact that 21 per– 1992-1993, some left- Rukh 7 Those age 20 - 24 17
cent of respondents in southern Ukraine wing political parties have Residents of western Ukraine 15
said they would vote for the DPU, corn- emerged in eastern Strong religious believers 14
pared with only 9 percent in eastern Ukraine. These parties Those with higher education 11
Ukraine, is surprising, it seems likely that have come to dominate the Party for Democratic Rebirth 6 Those age 1 8 - 2 9 10
respondents in southern Ukraine, regard- political landscape in the Residents of Kyyiv 9
less of whether they were familiar with Donbas region (Donetske Peasant Democratic Party 6 Those living in settlements with a population
the DPU, were considerably more attract– and Luhanske oblasts) and of less than 2,000 15
ed than their counterparts in eastern are increasingly influenc– Green Party 5 Residents of Kyyiv 9
Ukraine to a democratic party whose ing political life in Kyyiv, Those in low-household-income groups 9
name contained no adjectives qualifying too. The largest of these
10 Republican Party 4
its orientation. parties, founded in Social Democratic Party 3
As expected, the strongly anti- December 1992, is the Other' 7
Communist Rukh enjoyed its highest Labor Party of Ukraine, Undecided 37 Those age 65 and over 48
level of support in western Ukraine (15 commonly derided as the Residents of eastern Ukraine 44
11 Those with incomplete secondary education 43
percent). The low level of support for the "party of red directors."
SPU in this region (5 percent) contrasts Most of these parties and Women 42
sharply with its popularity in the eastern, movements began to Men 31
southern and central areas of Ukraine, emerge only during the
reflecting the fact that the former first half of 1993; thus,
Communists are still entrenched there. they were relatively " More than half of the respondents in this category did not name any party; roughly one-third (2
percent) said they would vote for the Communist Party; and the remainder (1 percent) named small
The high percentage of undecided unknown outside eastern national democratic parties. Some of the parties in the last category were the Party for Radical
respondents in eastern Ukraine may Ukraine at the time of the Reforms, the Christian Democratic Party, the Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists, and the
reflect the large proportion of unskilled May 1993 survey. Their Conservative Republican Party.
workers and respondents age 65 and importance and support
over as well as a lack of information bases are likely to grow Mote: The sample size was 1,070 (only those respondents age 18 and over who indicated that they
about political parties, in central before12the upcoming elec– would vote are included.
Ukraine (excluding Kyyiv), the relative– tions.
4 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 26,1993 No. 52

NEWS AND viEWS AN OPEN LETTER: Help

Russia is still Russia the John Demjanjuk defense
by Myron B. Kuropas fully understood Russia and its people, in
Dear Friends: r
suggesting policies and strategies, they
The rise of viadimir Zhirinovsky is a have yet to appreciate the fact that John Demjanjuk is free, but his case is not yet over. The U.S. Justice
wake-up call for America, it's time to Russia's centuries-old raison d'etre is Department is using every means at its disposal to get him out of the country.
rethink our policy towards Russia. imperialism fueled by the principles of Attorney General Janet Reno, under pressure from special interest groups, tried to
Three times during the past 80 years, autocracy (tsar or commissar) orthodoxy convince the judges and courts to rule against Mr. Demjanjuk. Michael Warder of
Americans have saved Russians from (religious or Marxist7Leninist), and the Rockford institute describes the case of John Demjanjuk as "the trial of the
disaster. And each time the result has "narod" or people (serf or Soviet). century." Demjanjuk has been bravely trying to adapt to his newly regained yet
been catastrophic for the world. tenuous freedom, but a great struggle lies ahead of him - and for us, too.
The collapse of communism does not
The first such calamity began at the mean the end of Russian expansionism. After coming this far in his defense, we cannot permit the case to slip back for
1918 versailles peace talks. The Russia today is seeking a new autocracy, a lack of trying or a lack of funds. We need your help in order to continue.
American delegation vigorously pushed another orthodoxy, a redefinition of On a brighter note, we must admit that the last half year has been the most
for a "unified Russia" at a time when the "narod." rewarding in Mr. Demjanjuk's 17-year-long ordeal - culminating in a reunion
tsarist Russian prisonhouse of nations Now that viadimir Zhirinovsky has with his family in the U.S.A. He sends his gratitude and appreciation to all who
was collapsing. When Lenin sought to shown the way, watch President Boris helped and looks forward to the day when all of the turmoil and endless legal
restore the Russian empire, the United Yeltsin, flush with greater constitution– proceedings will be far behind him. He is recovering at home - despite threats on
States helped him consolidate his power al powers, become more personally his life and continuous daily demonstrations by Jewish protesters in front of his
by providing "humanitarian aid." autocratic, nationalistically orthodox, home in Seven Hills, Ohio. Thanksgiving was a special event this year because it
The second time America restored and domestically conciliatory towards was the first time that the family was together in many years, it was heartwarm–
Russia was in 1933, during the height the Russian people. Expansionism will ing to see John Demjanjuk getting acquainted with his grandchildren and them
of Stalin's forced famine in Ukraine, follow consolidation as night follows calling him "Dido" for the first time.
ignoring a precedent followed by three day. To update the Demjanjuk case: On November 17, 1993, the Sixth Circuit
previous American presidents. Franklin it's time for a new containment policy Court of Appeals in a unanimous decision found that the U.S. Justice
D. Roosevelt formally recognized the towards Russia, one based on a cordon Department fraudulently withheld evidence that would have helped John
Soviet Union providing Joseph Stalin sanitaire of strong, democratic nations in Demjanjuk to defend himself against charges that he was "ivan the Terrible."
with the markets he so desperately central and eastern Europe headed by Despite intense lobbying by special interest groups, the appeals court in its ruling
needed to industrialize his backward Finland, the Baltic nations, Poland, found that federal prosecutors withheld crucial evidence from the Demjanjuk
empire. Hungary and Ukraine. defense. The three-judge panel further stated that if the evidence, which pointed
The last time the United States erred it's also time for amateurism in the to Marchenko as the notorious "ivan," had been made available to his defense,
egregiously was at Yalta. Hoping to State Department to end. Warren John Demjanjuk would not have been sent to israel in 1986, where he was tried,
appease Stalin's insatiable appetite for Christopher must go, and Abigniew convicted and sentenced to death in 1988. His conviction and death sentence
more territories. President Roosevelt Brzezinski must return. were ultimately overturned by the israeli Supreme Court on July 29, 1993, and
handed Stalin half of Europe. he re-entered the United States on September 22, 1993.
Neither the U.S. State Department nor Myron B. Kuropas Ph.D. is an adjunt Had the Justice Department's Office of Special investigations not deceived
America's academic "experts" have ever professor at Northern lllinois University. the U.S. courts, John Demjanjuk, his family and the entire Ukrainian community
would not have been subjected to the life-shattering nightmare they endured for
such a long time. Although it was cited for clear-cut prosecutorial misconduct,
the Justice Department has vowed to do everything in its power to deport Mr.
ACTION ITEM Demjanjuk again. We are prepared to challenge and block this attempt.
Five years ago, in April 1988, we filed a suit on behalf of John Demjanjuk in
The Ukrainian community has joined forces with national organizations in the U.S. federal court alleging governmental fraud in the denaturalization and depor–
Armenian, Bulgarian, Czech, Estonian, Hungarian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Polish, tation proceedings. We have been asking the court to reinstate Mr. Demjanjuk's
Romanian and Slovak communities in a campaign to deter President Bill Clinton from U.S. citizenship and vacate the deportation order, in order to do this, we are cur–
agreeing to any "Yalta H" agreement during his meeting with President Boris Yeltsin rently seeking a law firm or an attorney willing torepresentJohn Demjanjuk pro
in Moscow in mid-January. bono - cost-free, since we have no money.
This East European Coalition is calling on all Americans, especially Americans of
Meanwhile, our continuation in the struggle depends on your generosity.
East European heritage, to do two things:
Please continue to help us. Tell our story and give this letter to your friends and
' 1. Send a mailgram to the president indicating your opposition to any U.S.–
acquaintances so that we might widen the base of our support. Please send your
Russian agreement on spheres of influence in Europe (a second Yalta agreement).
contributions to:
An "East European Coalition Hotline" has been set up with Western Union to facil–
itate the sending of mailgrams. The Coalition has provided Western Union with the ' John Demjanjuk Defense Fund, P.O. Box 92819, Cleveland, OH 44192:
destination of the mailgram (President Clinton) and the text. All you need to do is call or to:
Western Union at 1-800-258-2222 and ask for Hotline Number 9470. They will ' Canadian Charitable Committee in Defense of John Demjanjuk, 81
respond as the East European Coalition Hotline. You then give your name and Lakeshore Road E., P.O. Box 45012, Mississauga, Ontario L5G ІВ0 Canada.
address, and the mailgram will be sent. You will be billed S6.95 on your telephone
We are thankful to you and to many others who have given us a chance to
bill, if you prefer, you can bill the cost to your visa or Mastercard. You can call any-
right the wrongs and to bring justice where it was once denied. Wishing you and
time, day or night, so call today.
yours God's blessings, health, peace and fulfillment, and with warmest personal
' 2. During the week of January 3-7, call the White House Comment Line (1-202- regards and gratitude, we remain.
456-1 i l l ) and say. "1 am opposed to any 'Yalta 11' agreement with Russia. І expect Most sincerely yours,
the United States to support the independence of Ukraine and all former Soviet and EdNishnic
Warsaw Pact nations and oppose Russian imperialism in any and every form." John Demjanjuk Jr.
Time is of the essence, as the president meets with Yeltsin in mid-January.
Remember, numbers of calls and mailgrams are important, it is important to get as
many mailgrams and telephone calls as possible. Have each member of your family
and your friends send the mailgrams and make the telephone calls. OBITUARY
- Submitted by UNA Washington Office
Helen Hnatyshyn, 84, women's
more difficult, and indicates to the world
Balcerowicz... the instability of the nation." leader, mother of governor general
(Continued from page 2) The dangers of hidden unemployment
ual reform. Dr. Balcerowicz pointed out also were discussed. Dr. Balcerowicz by Christopher Guly status of women. The award was named
said hidden unemployment drains the for a 1929 case that legally acknow!–
that generally people are willing to OTTAWA - Helen Hnatyshyn, the
cash of the government and masks the edged women as persons.
endure short-term, severe pain over a mother of Canada's Governor-General
extent of reforms needed, it does not A former president of the National
moderate, drawn-out pain. He also Ramon Hnatyshyn, died in Saskatoon on Council of Women of Canada, Mrs.
believes radical change ignites several maximize productivity, which is essential December 9. She was 84.
in today's global economy. Hnatyshyn also held an honorary doctor-
levels of reform simultaneously, includ– Helen Constance (Pitts) Hnatyshyn ate of laws from the University of
ing: stabilization, liberalization and insti– in his closing remarks, Dr. was a long-time promoter of women's Saskatchewan.
tutional change. Balcerowicz noted that the recent elec– equality. She was one of the first mem– A woman of Ukrainian descent, Mrs.
in addition, radical change leads to the tion of Communists to the Polish govem– bers appointed to the Advisory Council Hnatyshyn also spent 14 years on the
elimination of shortages, an increased ment should not be blamed on reforms. on the Status of Women two decades Saskatchewan Human Rights Commission.
variety of goods, and a convertibility in Reforms should not be curtailed simply ago. She is survived by her three sons, Ray,
currency, which increases trade. He because Communists have won more Three years ago, Mrs. Hnatyshyn's victor and David, a daughter, Elizabeth,
underlined the importance of a convert– seats, because, he underlined, "reform vice-regal son presented her with the and six grandsons. Her husband, John
ible currency, by stating, "without a con– may not be good politics, but it is good Governor-General's Persons Award, rec– Hnatyshyn, the first senator appointed
vertible currency, privatization is much policy." ognizing achievements in improving the from Saskatoon, died in 1967.

.v. :'. :–..: .....;-': :Л,-.'. :'i-r.:..l'-i:':r

No. 52 T H E UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 26,1993 5

1993: THE YEAR Ш REY1EW

terms with Ukraine's new currency regulations, which paper they are printed on. By the end of the year, the
Ukraine: crises required exporters to change 50 percent of currency karbovanets to dollar exchange rate had hit almost
earnings at a fixed National Bank rate. 40,000 to one.
on many fronts Mr. Kuchma was left by himself to try one last-ditch "Ukraine is on the verge of economic collapse and its
effort, proposing an anti-crisis program, which included independence is in danger," said Mr. Pynzenyk in
the total restructuring of the government, it included a November, explaining that economic crises may lead to
"Take a big country (52 million people), give it an
request for special powers, but did not promote the dec– civil war. "Nobody will have any serious business with
atrocious government, watch the economy go to pot,
laration of a state of economic emergency. Ukraine in the nearest future. We have an unstable polit–
throw in nuclear weapons and a restless Russian neigh–
Unfortunately, Mr. Kuchma's words were not heeded ical and economic situation," he said.
bor — and start to worry."
and he was out by the fall.
— The Economist, November 27, 1993. Thousands of demonstrators picketed Ukraine's Building a democratic state?
Parliament building on September 21, emerging victori– "Nobody in this country needs an economic program.
That brief sketch tells the story of Ukraine for 1993. ous as deputies accepted Prime Minister Kuchma's res– This is all a game for the nomenklatura, " said Mr.
But the question is, what happened? ignation, voted no confidence in the Cabinet of Pynzenyk during a November press conference.
On December 1, 1991, the people of this rich, expan– Ministers and charged President Leonid Kravchuk with The nomenklatura, or the "party of power," was a
sive, proud nation, which was suppressed by Big the task of naming a new government. term widely used in 1993 to describe President
Brother for more than 70 years, voted overwhelmingly The following day, Mr. Kravchuk named Yukhym Kravchuk, his apparat, his presidential representatives
for independence. Zviahilsky, a conservative, as acting prime minister; in the regions, his ministers and his advisers — in
They now had their freedom from Moscow, but not within the next two weeks, Mr. Kravchuk issued a short, his buddies from the good old, bad old
from a totalitarian regime and socialist lifestyle. decree giving himself full control of the executive Communist Party days, it was the party of power that
Although many of Ukraine's leaders insisted that a branch of government. brought about the demise of democratic reforms, mar–
democracy could not be built in a day, few, it turned A presidential spokesman noted: "The president will ket-oriented programs, it also swallowed up such
out, were committed to building such a state. decide strategic issues, such as the direction of market leading reformers as Messrs. Kuchma and Pynzenyk,
By December 1993, Ukraine's enemies viewed the reforms, while their realization and execution will be as well as such democratic leaders as ihor
whole issue of independence as a temporary phenome– the direct responsibility of the acting prime minister." Yukhnovsky, who resigned as deputy prime minister
non," while many of Ukraine's citizens were question– This one-two punch became detrimental to Ukraine's in March, and Gen. Kostyantyn Morozov, who quit
ing why they had voted for independence. future as a market-oriented state. By early November, his post as minister of defense in early October, stat–
The second anniversary of this event came and went; President Kravchuk had tightened central planning, ing that he did not want to be part of any "political
most of Ukraine's citizens worried about putting meat ordering firms to gear their production to supplying games."
on their tables and heating their homes, no one found goods ordered by the state. Some leading democrats note that Gen. Morozov had
the time or the reason to celebrate Ukraine's indepen– He also issued two decrees, which signalled a danger– been too critical of decisions reached at Massandra (see
dence. ous return to the Soviet-style command administrative below) and was forced to resign. He had often been
Ukraine's woes in 1993 were great and their reper– system. One, "On Promoting the Development of a attacked by pro-Communist forces in Ukraine as being
cussions were felt on both domestic and foreign fronts. Currency Market and Stabilizing the Ukrainian "ultra-nationalistic."
Currency," basically abolished the market method of The democrats suffered quite a few political blows in
Economically speaking
setting the currency's value; the second, "On Measures 1993. They were constantly blocked by the Communist
it was a period of turmoil on the economic front, as to Stop the Pace of Rising Prices," was aimed at con- majority in Parliament; they were often paralyzed in
an emergency economic state loomed in Ukraine. trolling prices in the business sector. their actions and it soon became very clear that this
Although the year started optimistically with Prime By early December, the government dealt another Parliament, elected during the existence of the Soviet
Minister Leonid Kuchma forging the way toward mar– blow to its already demoralized populace by sharply Union, had nowhere to go but out.
ket reforms, by the end of the year, few believed that the increasing prices on food, energy and transportation. On June 17, succumbing to pressure from miners in
eighth revised government plan could save the country Prices for-energy increased threefold at a time when cit– the Donbas regioiri who demanded political and eco–
from hyperinflation, which had surpassed the 70 percent izens were experiencing one of the coldest winters of nomic reforms, the Parliament voted to hold a national
mark by November, and unemployment, which unoffi– the century. The cost of such staples as bread and milk, referendum, a vote on confidence in the president and in
cially was close to 10 percent by the end of the year. eggs and meat, also tripled, while wages were not the Parliament.
"in order for things to get better, sometimes you have scheduled to be raised until January 1994. But, two months later, the referendum had been can–
to endure a period of pain," said Deputy Prime Minister At present the minimum wage is 54, while 10 eggs celed (due to a technical detail — Parliament missed the
of the Economy viktor Pynzenyk at the beginning of cost over S1. deadline required by the Central Election Committee for
the year, hoping to work with market-oriented reformers Although every few weeks a rumor is circulated filing its forms), and miners were once again threaten–
in the government to get inflation down to 3 percent by throughout the country that the national currency, the ing to strike if their political demands were not met.
the end of 1993. hryvnia, is to be introduced (the latest rumor was in "We expect at the first session of the Parliament
Mr. Kuchma began the year with an ambitious pro- December), this would be an absurd move in a country (after summer recess) to set a date for pre-term elections
gram of reforms, which included the development of a that has not stabilized its economy and does not have and stop leading the populace by the nose with silly
middle class, and asked that the government be given the necessary stabilization fund of S2 billion. The year polls, the results of which are already evident," said
the opportunity to rule with a strong hand, which would 1993 saw the introduction of karbovantsi notes in Oleksander Mryl, head of the independent Miners'
lead the people out of a command administrative system denominations of 2,000, 5,000, 10,000, 20,000, 50,000 Union.
into the 21st century of market reforms. and 100,000. As the saying goes, they are not worth the Although the democrats finally did succeed in having
in early 1993, the government under Mr. Kuchma
set its priorities: halt the fall in production; stop cor–
ruption and organized crime in the state sector; devel–
op mutually beneficial economic ties with other coun– 7" . f"t^tj У
tries; renew the administration of the state's economic
sector; ensure that the government's authority is effec– Г^І^ЛІ, їМ - ^ -
tive and viable; implement anti-inflationary measures; ^Фс'ф ґ '".;;'i ^
develop market infrastructures for resources, products
and capital; privatize and commercialize trade, food
supply and the service sector; and incorporate state
enterprises.
And the people were willing to endure, at first. But
by November, ex-Deputy Prime Minister Pynzenyk (he
resigned in August) and ex-Prime Minister Leonid
Kuchma (he resigned five times - the last and final
time in September) were totally disillusioned by the
country's leadership. Both said they found it impossible
to work in the political and economic chaos prevalent in
Ukraine by mid-1993. Both felt that their hands were
tied; they wanted to be reformers in a government that
did not want reforms.
Mr. Kuchma first offered his resignation in late May,
when a power struggle that would last throughout the
summer between President Leonid Kravchuk and the
prime minister erupted. The prime minister was not
given an extension of special powers by the Parliament;
the president's bid to take responsibility for the govern–
ment also was rejected.
Throughout the summer, parliamentary games con–
tinued. Reforms were halted and no one wanted the bur-
den of leading Ukraine out of economic chaos at a time
when its budget deficit had already surpassed 10 trillion
karbovantsi.
Mr. Pynzenyk resigned on August 27, stating that he
had exhausted his possibilities and could not come to Press conference following the Massandra summit: Did Kravchuk tell out to Yeltsin?
6 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY
1993: THE YEAR 1N REYlEW
pre-term elections scheduled for March 1994 for the
Parliament, and for June 1994 for president, their victo–
ry was a dubious one. An election law, finally passed on
November 10, was one advocated by Communists and
Socialists, providing for 450 single mandates on the
basis of absolute majority.
The new law cannot be considered a democratic one,
because it is not based on a multi-party system and does
not introduce the system of political parties into the
Parliament As in Communist times, it allows workers'
collectives to nominate candidates for office, and thus
gives the Communist forces, which still hold power in
densely populated eastern regions of the country, a dis–
tinct advantage.
Communists in Ukraine also scored a victory in the
fall, as their party, banned since the failed anti-
Gorbachev coup of August 1991, was allowed to regis–
ter, bringing the list of political parties in Ukraine to 31.
The democrats also were not able to move matters of
the Constitution along. Thus, after two years of indepen–
dence, Ukraine still is guided by the Constitution of the
Ukrainian SSR, and it does not look like there will be a
new constitution soon.
Whereas in 1992 Ukraine had witnessed a fundamen–
tal realignment of political forces, resulting in the divi–
sion of democratic forces into two camps (both were
committed to independence, but some were pro–
Kravchuk, while others were more restrained), by the
end of 1993, the national democrats decided to unite for
the March 1994 parliamentary elections.
Motivated by the slogan promoted by Yegor Gaidar
in Russia: "Democrats unite two hours before execu–
tion" and wary of the surprising victory by the quasi-
fascist Zhirinovsky camp, Ukraine's democrats seemed
to be ready to learn from the mistakes of their neigh–
bors.
in early December, centrist democrats pledged to
unite for parliamentary elections, forming a Permanent
Council of Democratic Parties and Organizations,
encompassing seven parties and nine civic organizations
and a Ukrainian World Coordinating Center, to act as a
liaison for contacts with democratic centers throughout
the world. They stated that their guiding principle is:
"The interests of Ukraine take precedence over particu–
lar party interests."
Energy problems
Relying on Russia as its main energy supplier,
Ukraine suffered devastating cutbacks in natural gas and
oil, as Russia set world prices for these resources. By
January 1, 1994, Ukraine is scheduled to begin paying
world prices with money it does not have. Already some
estimates say it owes Russia over 9 billion rubles for
energy supplies. Perhaps this crisis can be resolved if
Ukraine and Russia can come to some agreement for
tactical weapons compensation.
The energy crunch has affected most aspects of life:
city streets are darker, transportation runs irregularly,
some schools have been closed and people often sit at
home in winter costs and mittens, or huddle around the
stove as dinner is being cooked. Although Kyyiv has
not yet been affected, most other areas experience
brown-outs for a few hours every day.
Motivated by Ukraine's energy crisis, lawmakers
abandoned safety concerns and voted on October 21 to
keep the Chomobyl nuclear power station open and to
lift a moratorium on the construction of new nuclear
power reactors.
Ukraine derives 33 percent of its energy from its
nuclear power plants; if all of its reactors were brought
on line that number would go up to 40 percent.
Ukraine's environmental lobby condemned the decision,
calling it irresponsible and arguing that lawmakers have
plunged Ukraine into an even greater economic crisis
because in order to make atomic energy safe, giant sums
had to be spent — money that Ukraine just doesn't
have.
Relations with the C1S, Russia
As the year progressed, the Commonwealth of
independent States became less and less of a real entity
for Ukraine, as each of the republics of the former
Soviet Union tried to deal with its own political and
economic realities.
During the first days of January, President Kravchuk
emphasized his opposition to a new O S Charter, char–
acterizing it as a means of recasting the O S as a new
union on territory once belonging to the USSR.
When he traveled to Minsk a few weeks later, he was
one of three leaders who did not sign the O S Charter,
SUNDAY, DECEMBER 26,1993
along with the Moldovan and Turkmen representatives,
instead he emphasized economic integration as the prin–
cipal aim of the OS.
Later in the year, Ukraine agreed to become an "associ–
ate member" of the Commonwealth of independent States
economic treaty, in an attempt to appease some political
forces insisting on economic integration. However, until
the end of the year, the OS Charter, just like the OS eco–
nomic union, remained a flimsy framework that had not
set any policies into motion; the idea of Ukraine's "associ–
ate membership" remained vague and undefined.
By the end of the year (December 22-23), a
Ukrainian delegation was set to travel to Ashhabad for
the next OS summit.
Ukraine's relations with Russia intensified in a num–
ber of areas, including the energy crisis, as noted above,
matters of the Black Sea Fleet and territorial claims on
Sevastopil, as well as questions concerning nuclear dis–
armament, including ecological safety and national
security guarantees.
1993 began with Ukraine and Russia reaching agree–
ment on assets and liabilities of the former Soviet Union
during a Moscow summit in January. Ukraine was given
16.37 percent of the former empire's assets and agreed
to pay its share of the foreign debt. Yet by February,
President Boris Yeltsin had issued an ukase in which he
claimed all assets of the former Soviet Union as the sole
property of Russia. Russia continues to consider itself
the sole successor to the former Soviet Union and its
only rightful heir. Ukraine has continued to dispute
these claims, having sent a diplomatic note to over 160
countries asking that they recognize the properties of
the former Soviet Union as such until Russia and
Ukraine come to a final agreement on the division of
property.
Since Ukraine proclaimed its independence, Russia
has set its sights on the Black Sea Fleet, Sevastopil and
ultimately the Crimea. At the end of 1992, Russia's con–
servative lawmakers laid claims on Sevastopil, calling it
a Russian city, but in the summer of 1993, the United
Nations Security Council condemned this claim, label–
ing it an "act of aggression" and a blatant disregard for
international law. ( ,,,
Although it seemed that the "territorial claims" issue
would be put to rest after the U.N. denounced the
Russian move and President Yeltsin said he was
"ashamed of his Parliament's manipulations," by the
end of the year, even Russia's so-called democratic
Foreign Minister Andrei Kozyrev was saying:
"Sevastopil was, is and will be a Russian city." So, the
Sevastopil saga was far from over in 1993.
Just as unclear was the future of the Black Sea Fleet,
which had been divided, put up for sale or lease, or
scrapped in 1993.
Moscow's first plan in 1992 had been to assign the
fleet to the OS joint forces: four summits followed that
agreed to various plans, in June 1992, at Dagomys, it
was decided that the fleet would be split; in August
1992 in Yalta: the fleet would come under the joint con–
trol of one commander; in June 1993: the fleet would be
split 50-50, with joint use of Sevastopil. The last sum–
mit, the disastrous Massandra meeting, saw Ukraine
giving up the fleet in return for Russia writing off
Ukraine's debt for oil, gas and electricity, estimated at
S2.5 billion.
But, as the year was coming to a close, the future of
the Black Sea Fleet, with 70,000 personnel, about 40
rusting warships, 18 submarines and some 250 other
vessels and aircraft, still was uncertain and a thorn in
the side of Ukrainian-Russian relations. A joint commis–
sion, led by Russia's Yuriy Dubinin and Ukraine's
Borys Tarasiuk, continues to meet to resolve these prob–
lems.
Perhaps the biggest disaster in bilateral relations for
Ukraine this year was.the Massandra summit during
which President Kravchuk was accused of selling out to
Russia, promising to sell half the fleet and giving up
Ukraine's nuclear warheads to its aggressive northern
neighbor.
Later President Kravchuk would tell reporters that the
summit did not agree to anything concrete, just the fea–
sibility of a sale, and that the two sides differed on the
future of the nuclear weapons as well. He warned: "We
could well have lost both the fleet and the Crimea," if he
had not agreed to Russia's proposals.
Throughout the year, Ukraine and Russia continued
playing a game of diplomatic ping-pong as Russia
attempted to isolate Ukraine from the rest of the world,
accusing it of dirty political games, and Ukraine was
forced to continue defending itself and its independence
in the West.
-'.-::..vi.v-.-.-:-."-:..; '„„:-izl^..'',^^J-і:
No. 52
Nukes, nukes and less nukes
Ratifying START 1 (Strategic Arms Reduction
Treaty) was a top priority for Ukraine as 1992 drew to a
close, but 11 months would pass before Ukraine's
Parliament, chaired by ivan Pliushch, actually ratified
the treaty on November 18, setting forth 13 conditions
before the accord could begin to be implemented.
Ukraine, with its 1,240 warheads on SS-19s and SS"-24s,
and 564 warheads on heavy bombers, has the third
largest nuclear arsenal in the world. The West, spurred
on by Russia, accused Ukraine of "nuclear blackmail"
and questioned its intentions to give up its nuclear arse–
nal. From the very start, Ukraine said it would need
compensation for the weapons, financial and technical
assistance in disarmament, and guarantees of national
security.
As the last 1993 Weekly issue was going to press,
high-level delegations representing Ukraine, Russia and
the United States had begun holding three-way meetings
to move the disarmament process along, and Ukrainian
officials were hopeful that some progress was being
made.
Although in 1993 the Ukrainian president and the
government insisted that Ukraine would keep to its
pledge of becoming a non-nuclear state and honor its
international agreements, throughout the year more and
more legislators in the Parliament saw the nuclear
weapons Ukraine had inherited after the demise of the
Soviet Union as a guarantor of its national security and
a boost to its international stature.
increasingly worried about aggression from its north-
em neighbor, Ukraine's lawmakers straddled the fence
on their country's nuclear status.
"Ukraine has made its move, its move has been very
significant. Now, it's time for the West to make a
move," said opposition leader Serhiy Holovaty.
in the spring and'in the summer, Ukraine reaffirmed
its intention to be nuclear-free, but the Parliament insist–
ed that Ukraine owns the nuclear weapons on its soil.
President Kravchuk called this status "temporary owner-
a
ship." " "v"' "''
"Ukraine has found itself in a very delicate situation;
it is not a nuclear state, but it does have nuclear
weapons," said a Foreign Ministry spokesman in the
summer.
Ukraine felt pressure from all sides concerning
nuclear politics and although the United States would
not admit it, it sent such high-ranking U.S. officials as
Strobe Talbott, ambassador-at-large to Russia and the
N1S (May), Defense Secretary Les Aspin (June), and
Secretary of State Warren Christopher (October) to help
move START ratification along.
But Ukrainian leaders made it very clear that the ulti–
mate decision rested with the Parliament, which over–
whelmingly ratified START 1, but said that in the
nation's current economic and political situation imple–
mentation of the treaty could not begin until its condi–
tions were met.
Members of Parliament rightfully noted that at this
point in time Ukraine does not have the economic capa–
bility of dismantling its nuclear arsenal. Nor does it
have any guarantees of its security.
However, during the last days of the year, govern–
ment officials, including President Kravchuk and
Deputy Prime Minister Уаіегіу Shmarov, said Ukraine
was going to deactivate at least 20 of its modem SS-24
missiles by the end of the year (see front page story),
unbeknownst to parliamentary legislators. .
Although very few details were available at press
time, it seems this move was a good-will gesture to the
West from Ukraine's leaders.
So, as the year drew to a close, the situation in
Ukraine was bleak, but hopeful. Most political ana–
lysts said that only after Ukraine fell into political
and economic crises, could it move on to the next
phase of its development. By the end of the year,
things couldn't get much worse. But with spring
ahead and parliamentary elections on the agenda,
political leaders began publishing their party plat-
forms, trying to appeal to the citizens of Ukraine,
offering alternatives and working in the interest of
their people.
As social classes began to emerge in Ukraine, people
were waking up,realizingthat only they can help them–
selves. Slowly they are learning a lesson that is the basis
of a democratic, civic society: the state is for the people
and not vice-versa.
No. 52 T H E UKRAINIAN WEEKLY
1993: THE YEAR Щ REYlEW
Church: divisivenessresources from Metropolitan Filaret, formerly of the
Russian Orthodox Church, it claims the Sobor of St.
Sophia, dating back to the 11th century, as its seat.
in Ukraine and abroadOrthodox
Although Patriarch Mstyslav was wary of an
Church headed by a former Russian Orthodox
As religion began to find its place in Ukraine's post-
Soviet society, at least three Orthodox Churches began
to vie for the attention of more than 30 million believers
who consider themselves part of the Orthodox Church.
And by the end of the year, two of those Churches had
elected new patriarchs.
The Ukrainian Orthodox Church, which gained
autonomy but not independence from Moscow in 1992,
is led by Metropolitan volodymyr Sobodan. it has over
6,200 congregations (over 6 million faithful according
to the press office), 4 .600 churches and 25 bishops in
28 eparchies in Ukraine.
As the successor Church to the Russian Orthodox
Church, the only officially recognized Church in the
Soviet Union, it still enjoys immense popularity, as
many of the "babushkas" never bothered to change alle–
giance and feel themselves a part of "one great Russian
Orthodox Church, one great Slavic Church," which
dates back a thousand years; The seat of their Church is
in the Monastery of the Caves (Pecherska Lavra) in
Kyyiv. '" .'
When he arrived in Ukraine from Moscow last year,
Metropolitan volodymyr told reporters he planned to
gain full independence from the Moscow Patriarchate,
but he was willing to do so only via canonical means at
the next Holy Synod, scheduled for 1995.
The second Orthodox Church in Ukraine today is the
Ukrainian Orthodox Church-Kyyiv Patriarchate, which
claims 3,000 congregations (15 million faithful, accord–
ing to the press office), 2,500 churches and 19 bishops.
The Church inherited parish buildings and material
White Brotherhood
grabs headlines
Ukraine was showered with Western media atten–
tion in 1993, not because of its political or economic
woes, but because of prophesies promoted by a
doomsday cult known as the Great White
Brotherhood.
Journalists from Europe and North America flocked
to Kyyiv as a modern-day Armageddon loomed.
Maria Devi Khrystos, 33, the self-proclaimed messiah,
and her husband, Yuriy Kryvonohov, the cult's reput–
ed mastermind, predicted that the end of the world
would come in November 1993.
At first, the apocalypse and mass suicide were to
take place on November 24, but as the White
Brotherhood followers — many of them teenagers and
children — gained the attention of Ukrainian authori–
ties and the media, the leaders moved the end of the
world up to November 14.
They also modified theitmass suicide plan and later
Kyyiv's interior Ministry officials said that only the
messiah was to be crucified, but would resurrect three
days after her death. Cult followers even distributed
literature that identified President Leonid Kravchuk as
Pontius Pilate.
But, much to the disappointment of the 150,000 fol–
lowers from all parts of the former Soviet Union, the
world failed to end in 1993.
As the year ended, the cult leaders, who had been
arrested on November 10, still were jailed, awaiting
trial on 'charges of hooliganism and seizure of state
property, which carries a penalty of three tofiveyears'
imprisonment.
Some of their victims — who were allegedly given
drugs by the cult founder, Mr. Kryvonohov, a cyber–
netics engineer who was involved in developing mind-
altering drugs for the Soviet army for psychological
warfare — have already gone home with their parents,
who are hoping to "de-program" their "zombie-like
robots."
This bizarre episode in Ukraine's post-Soviet histo–
ry underscored the lack of religion and organized
activities brought about by the collapse of the Soviet
Union.
in Ukraine, cult leaders have found fertile ground
for sects and quasi-religious groups to breed. With
Ukrainian officials puzzled by this situation, and
Ukrainian religious and youth leaders unprepared to
deal with the moral decay prevalent in this society
today, what will 1994 bring?
SUNDAY, DECEMBER 26,1993
Church official, namely Metropolitan Filaret, the faith–
ful of the Kyyiv Patriarchate regarded Patriarch
Mstyslav as their leader.
The 94-year-old patriarch had often repeated that he
does not recognize the figures of Filaret and Antoniy,
nor the Ukrainian Orthodox Church-Kyyiv Patriarchate,
which he said was created without his knowledge.
According to UOC-KP activist and member of
Parliament Oles Shevchenko, a controversy that unfor–
tunately may never be resolved developed surrounding
the UOC-KP and the Ukrainian Autocephalous
Orthodox Church. Mr. Shevchenko said there are two
documents attributed to Patriarch Mstyslav. in one, the
patriarch declined to accept the decisions of the unifying
sobor that created the UOC-KP; in another he blessed
the changes in UAOC statutes that form the basis of the
UOC-KP's existence.
Nevertheless, just weeks after the patriarch's death,
the faithful of the UOC-KP observed the first anniver–
sary of the unifying sobor of the Ukrainian Orthodox
Church, which brought together a faction of the UOC–
Moscow Patriarchate with the Ukrainian Autocephalous
Orthodox Church and named a locum tenens of the
patriarchal throne. That was Metropolitan volodymyr,
who in October was named patriarch during the
Church's sobor. Metropolitan volodymyr, known
among the laity as vasyl Romaniuk, 67, is a former
political prisoner persecuted for his religious beliefs
during decades of Soviet repression.
The UOC-KP enjoys the support of the Ukrainian
government, which on October 19 sent its envoy.
Deputy Prime Minister Mykola Zhulynsky, to meet with
the ecumenical patriarch of Constantinople,
Bartholomew, and delivered a letter asking the primate
to recognize the independent Ukrainian Orthodox
Church.
The UOC-KP hopes to unite all branches of
Ukrainian Orthodoxy into one under the aegis of the
Kyyiv Patriarchate, but as of 1993, the three Orthodox
Churches had yet to begin discussions on such topics.
The smallest of the three Churches is the Ukrainian
Autocephalous Orthodox Church, which is regarded as
uncanonical by the other two, but which has a strong
following in western Ukraine.
The UAOC on September 7 elected Archbishop Petro
Yarema, 77, of Pereyastav and Sicheslav to the post of
patriarch and successor to Mstyslav 1. He took the name
of Patriarch Demetriy to lead a Church that claims 1,500
parishes in eight eparchies, with five bishops and 300
priests.
"This is the fourth rebirth our Church is undergoing.
We have gathered here to cleanse our Church, to free it
from dictatorship," said Patriarch Demetriy.
The Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church continued to
promote its teachings in western Ukraine, however, it
still experienced resentment and misunderstanding in
central and eastern Ukraine.
Today, the UGCC, which was legalized in 1989 after
45 years in the catacombs, thrives in western regions of
the country, numbering close to 3,000 congregations,
more that 4 million faithful and over 2,200 churches in
six eparchies. To date, it has not been officially rehabili–
tated.
"The Ukrainian Catholic Church's wounds are heal–
ing with time," said Cardinal Myrosiav ivan
Lubachivsky, who relocated from Rome to Lviv in
1991.
However, it did not seem that Church was getting
closer to being granted a Patriarchate, despite the fact
that a Patriarchal Curia was named in the summer.
'Today our Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church, with its
canonically recognized major archbishop, already has
the rights of a patriarchal Church. The only thing we are
still waiting for is the declaration of the title of patri–
arch," said a Church spokesmen. "That may come when
the Church celebrates the 400th anniversary of the
Treaty of Brest (in 19961," said Cardinal Lubachivsky
during a recent interview.
Right now he is dealing with grass-roots problems
such as finding priests for the people (there is a shortage
of І ,OOO) and contending with a lack of funds.
Church-state relations are generally getting better, as
are Catholic-Orthodox relations on western lands.
Unfortunately, there have been a few problems in 1993,
including a clash in Kyyiv in the summer, when the
leaders of the UGCC arrived in the capital for the
7
Patriarch Mstyslav 1,1898-1993.
groundbreaking of a Greek-Catholic parish in Kyyiv.
A planned liturgy at the Church of St. Kirill did not
take place because all entrance gates to the church had
been chained and blocked by approximately 100 elderly
Orthodox women, who were later identified as members
of the UOC-Moscow Patriarchate.
To date, the Greek-Catholic community in Kyyiv
does not have its own church to hold services in, but in
the eastern regions, the UGCC has close to 40 parishes,
including congregations in Yalta, Sevastopil, vinnytsia,
Kamianets-Podilski and Donetske.
Meanwhile, the Roman Catholic Church has three
parishes (two churcb.es) in Kyyiv and 374 churches
throughout Ukraine, as well as 517 congregations in
such areas as Zhytomyr, Kamianets-Podilski, vinnytsia,
the Lviv region and other areas. The vatican also has a
representation in Kyyiv. Also, Cardinal Achille
Silveslrini, prefect of the congregation for Eastern
Churches, toured Ukraine in October, the first such visit
of a prefect to newly independent Ukraine.
Other confessions also flourished in Ukraine, includ–
ing Evangelical Baptists (1,297 congregations),
Pentecostals (790 congregations), Jehovah's Witnesses
(409 congregations) and Seventh Day Adventists (326
congregations).
The Hebrew faith also flourished in Ukraine but as
The Weekly was going to press, no statistics on these
congregations were available.
in the diaspora, too, there was news on the Church
front as Patriarch Mstyslav 1 of the Ukrainian Orthodox
Church passed away and new bishops were consecrated
for the Ukrainian Catholic Church -^– one of them amid
much controversy.
Mstyslav 1, patriarch of Kyyiv and all Ukraine, died
on June 11 in Grimsby, Ontario, at the home of rela–
tives. Born Stefan ivanovych Skrypnyk on April 10,
1898, in Poltava, he was consecrated a bishop in May
1942. He served Ukrainian Orthodoxy in his native
Ukraine, and in exile in western Europe, then Canada
and the United States. He was responsible for the estab–
lishment of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church's world-
wide center in South Bound Brook, N.J., and worked
toward unifying Ukrainian Orthodox faithful around the
globe. On November 16, 1990, he was enthroned as the
first patriarch of the reborn Ukrainian Orthodox Church
in Ukraine.
Patriarchal funeral rites were offered in South Bound
Brook on June 21-23 with Metropolitan Constantine, pri–
mate of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the U.S.A., as
the principal celebrant. Some 3,000 hierarchs, clergy
and laity from around the world came to offer their last
respects. Among the mourners wererepresentativesfrom
Ukrainian and non-Ukrainian Orthodox Churches as
well as the Ukrainian Catholic Church. The patriarch's
body was entombed in the crypt of St. Andrew's
Memorial Church, an edifice he had built in memory of
the victims of the 1932-1933 Great Famine in Ukraine.
Patriarch Mstyslav's testament, read at the memorial
tryzna after the religious rites were concluded, was an
exhortation to unity "for the sake of God, the martyrs of
the Church and the people" to achieve the goal of a sov–
ereign Church dependent on no one.
8 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY
1993: THE YEAR 1N REY1EW
in Canada, the Ukrainian Orthodox Church this year
marked its 75th anniversary. The Church dates its
beginnings back to July of 1918 in western Canada,
when І SO lay delegates gathered in Saskatoon organized
the Ukrainian Greek-Orthodox Brotherhood of Canada,
in 1990 the UOC was received into eucharistic commu–
nion by the Patriarchate of Constantinople. Today the
Church has over 120,000 faithful in 275 parishes served
by 100 clergy under the leadership of Metropolitan
Wasyly Fedak.
Also in Canada, but within the Ukrainian Catholic
Church, there was a changing of the guard as
Metropolitan Maxim Hermaniuk was succeeded by the
very Rev. Michael Bzdel, a fellow Redemptorist, as pri–
mate of the UCC in Canada. Metropolitan Hermaniuk
became the first Ukrainian Catholic metropolitan in
Canada in 1956. Now 81, he had announced his retire–
ment. The very Rev. Bzdel, 62, was consecrated a bish–
op and installed as metropolitan in ceremonies at Ss.
viadimir and Olga Cathedral on March 9. He is the first
Canadian-born metropolitan for that country's
Ukrainian Catholics.
it was a double consecration ceremony as the Rev.
Peter Stasiuk, too, was elevated to the episcopate. The
Rev. Stasiuk, 49, director of St. viadimir's College in
Roblin, Manitoba, had been chosen to serve as bishop of
the Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Australia to succeed
Bishop lvan Prasko, 78, that country's first Ukrainian
Catholic bishop, who was retiring due to ill health.
Bishop Prasko had been tapped to head the exarchate of
the UCC in 1958; in 1982 the exarchate was upgraded to
an eparchy. Bishop Stasiuk's territory covers not only
Australia, but New Zealand as well as the South Pacific.
Episcopal succession in Toronto, however, was not as
smooth.
On December 29, 1992, the Rev. Roman Danylak was
appointed apostolic administrator for the Toronto
Eparchy. With this move, the vatican effectively stripped
the incumbent eparch. Bishop lsidore Borecky, 82, of his
authority by transferring it to an administrator. The Rev.
Danylak told The Weekly in January that his appointment
stemmed from Rome's resolve to implement the manda–
toryretirementage of 75 for bishops. Previously, in 1989,
an unsuccessful attempt had been made to remove Bishop
Borecky from his position at the helm of the Toronto
eparchy. Bishop Borecky had claimed at that time that he
never submitted his resignation and that he was not
bound by the Canon Law for the Eastern Catholic
Churches until a co-adjutor was named.
in May 1992, Bishop Borecky had requested that the
Synod of Ukrainian Bishops name an auxiliary bishop,
not a replacement or a successor, and thus the appoint–
ment of an administrator was considered by many
observers to be in direct contravention to those wishes.
A group of clergymen from the Toronto Eparchy in late
January deplored the Rev. Danylak's appointment as "a
serious breach of normal channels of protocol and rela–
tionship between the Roman Apostolic See and the par–
ticular Patriarchal Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church."
in late January, the Rev. Danylak sent a circular to all
clerics and religious of the eparchy to inform them of
his episcopal ordination on March 25 and to assert that
all the eparchy's official business would henceforth be
handled from the office of the apostolic administrator.
Bishop Borecky, meanwhile, continued to act as eparch
of Toronto, ordaining priests, calling meetings of the
clergy, etc. He refused all press interviews, however.
Some parishioners made known their displeasure
with the vatican's moves, noting that the situation in
Toronto seems to parallel damaging policies of Rome
toward the Ukrainian Catholic Church in Ukraine and
Poland.
On March 24, approximately 110 protesters picketed
outside St. Michael's Cathedral in Toronto, site of the
Danylak ordination, to protest the vatican's appoint–
ment of an apostolic administrator and its apparent dis–
respect for the traditions of the Pomisna (Particular)
Ukrainian Catholic Church. The next day the Rev.
Danylak was consecrated as the titular bishop of Nyssa
amid a boycott by some of the eparchy's clergy and
Bishop Borecky himself. There was no formal protest
action, though one had been threatened.
During the summer. Bishop Borecky attempted to
name his own Eparchal Curia. Meanwhile, Bishop
Danylak remained in confrontation with many members
of the eparchy's clergy, threatening at least one with
excommunication for his protests against the vatican's
actions and accusing another of "heretical notions" and
of encouraging schism in the eparchy. Thus, at year's
end, the situation in the Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of
Toronto is far from resolved.
SUNDAY, DECEMBER 26,1993
A year of victories
for John Demjanjuk
For John Demjanjuk, 1993 was a year of victories, as
israel's Supreme Court acquitted him of all war crimes
charges and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 6th
Circuit reversed its own extradition order and ruled that
the Office of Special investigations, the Justice
Department's Nazi-hunting unit, had committed fraud
upon the court by withholding exculpatory evidence in
the case. Mr. Demjanjuk returned home a free man on
September 22. The homecoming was marred, however,
by protests of Jewish groups insisting that Mr.
Demjanjuk was a Nazi war criminal and demanding that
the U.S. deport him. The U.S. Justice Department, in
turn, vowed to pursue the case and to see to it that Mr.
Demjanjuk is deported from this country.
The year began with Mr. Demjanjuk awaiting the
israeli Supreme Court's ruling on his appeal, while for–
mer U.S. government lawyers defended their work on
the case in testimony before Judge Thomas A. Wiseman
of the Federal District Court in Nashville, Tenn. Judge
Wiseman had been appointed special master to hold
hearings on whether there had been prosecutorial mis-
conduct on the part of the OS1.
On January 14 and 15, Norman A. Moscowitz and
John Horrigan both said they never doubted that John
Demjanjuk was "lvan the Terrible" of Treblinka. Mr.
Moscowitz, an OS1 attorney, conceded there was infor–'
mation from other war crimes inquiries and testimony
of guards taken in the USSR, Poland and Germany that
raised questions about survivors' identification of Mr.
Demjanjuk as the notorious "lvan." But, he said, some–
what disingenuously, "1 didn't have the feeling then or
at any other time that we were sitting on information
that would hurt our case and would help the Demjanjuk
defense." Mr. Horrigan, an assistant attorney general in
Cleveland at the time the denaturalization case against
Mr. Demjanjuk was being heard, said he first saw some
of the potentially exculpatory documents in the posses–
sion of the OS1 after Mr. Demjanjuk had already been
stripped of his citizenship. He testified that he didn't
think he read those documents, "because the case was
over for me."
Both lawyers said they felt the Demjanjuk case, as a
civil proceeding, was not subject to the same rules of
disclosure as criminal cases. As a result, if defense
lawyers were not able to pinpoint a document when ask–
ing for evidence in the OSl's possession, they were not
shown it, or if a document did not specifically mention
John Demjanjuk, though it did deal with Treblinka or
"lvan the Terrible," it was not turned over to the
defense.
it was Allan A. Ryan's turn to be grilled on January
29 in Judge Wiseman's court. During four hours of
questioning, the former director of the OS1 denied any
knowledge of the withholding of exonerating evidence
from the Demjanjuk defense. He stated and restated his
contention that he did not see certain protocols, did not
receive letters from the Demjanjuk defense, and did not
recall meetings held to discuss the case. He further stat–
ed that he did not receive a 1980 memorandum written
by OS1 attorney George Parker, which raised serious
doubts about evidence in the Demjanjuk case and raised
the question of ethics in proceeding with a case in
which the OSl's own evidence showed contradictions.
He went on to say that he did not recall a meeting with
Mr. Parker and another former director of the OS1,
Walter Rockier, at which Mr. Parker said the issues
noted in his memo were discussed.
in general, Mr. Ryan said that as director of the Nazi-
hunting unit he did not have time to concern himself
with each and every detail of the Demjanjuk case —
despite the fact that this was the most celebrated case
pursued by the office — and that he had full confidence
in his staff attorneys. Despite pointed questioning from
Mr. Demjanjuk's attorney, Michael Tigar, who noted
that documents proving that the OS1 was concealing
exonerating evidence had been found in the Justice
Department's trash, Mr. Ryan stuck to his story. Judge
Wiseman concluded the hearing by staring: "O.K. We
have a credibility issue."
Soon thereafter, on February 5, another OS1 attor–
ney, Bruce Einhorn, also denied knowledge of any
exculpatory documents that were withheld from the
Demjanjuk defense. He was the final OS1 employee
called to testify before the special master.
Meanwhile, in Washington, Rep. James Traficant,
the lone voice speaking out about the Demjanjuk case in
No. 52
Congress, on February 2 announced that an investiga–
tion by his staff had found that the real "lvan the
Terrible," how in his 80s, was alive in Eastern Europe.
The Ohio congressman said he hoped to bring lvan
Marchenko to justice and released two hew documents:
recently obtained statements by two women who had
been prisoners at Treblinka who said Marchenko was
the brutal guard known as "lvan the Terrible."
in early March, John Demjanjuk, Who still was
awaiting the israeli Supreme Court's ruling on his
appeal of the 1988 conviction and death sentence harid–
ed down by an israeli District Court, went on a three-
day hunger strike to protest further delays in his case
and focus attention on his situation. The beginning of
his hunger strike, March 1, also marked the seventh
anniversary of his extradition to israel.. , 1
On April 7, Mr. Demjanjuk was visited in his ceil at
Ayalon Prison by Dr. Yuriy Shcherbak, Ukraine's
ambassador to israel. Mr. Demjanjuk said he would
appeal for restoration of his Ukrainian citizenship in
addition to seeking reversal of the U.S. denaturalization
order. --". .:";,,"– ..
At about the same time, the U.S. Justice Department
announced its new theory regarding the identity of
"lvan the Terrible." in an 80-page documentsummariz–
ing Demjanjuk case documents, which had been
requested by Judge Wiseman as he was preparing his
report to the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals, the depart–
ment said there were two Ukrainian "lvans!! who took
turns running the gas chambers at Treblinka: John
Demjanjuk and lvan Marchenko. Apparently, said the
Justice Department document, Marchenko filled in
when Mr. Demjanjuk had the day off. John Demjanjuk
Jr. reacted thusly: "it's really stretching. Nobody has
ever said there were two 'ivans' before. My God, three
operators of the gas chambers, and two of them were
'lvan.' (The third is alleged to be a guard named
Nikolai.J That's preposterous."
On April 30, Judge Wiseman concluded his fact-find–
ing hearings in Nashville, culminating eight months of
investigations, in his final arguments before the court,
Mr. Demjanjuk's attorney Mr. Tigar said the OSl had
purposefully concealed evidence that could be helpful
to the defense, sarcastically noting at one point that the
OSl "had a distressing habit of filing its documents in
the alley dumpster." He said the government's respons–
es to discovery requests were "disclosures calculated to
mislead — not to inform." He also questioned the cred–
ibility of OSl staffers' testimony, particularly that of
OSl Director Ryan, commenting that it was "incredible
to believe that he just lay back and did nothing," while
his senior legal staff decided how to present the most
important OSl case by themselves.
The U.S. government countered by stating there was
no "clear and convincing" evidence of any deliberate
misconduct or fraudulent intent. Surprisingly the gov–
emment's attorney stated that the U.S. did not challenge
the authenticity of the Parker memo, admitting that the
memo existed. Judge Wiseman seized the moment:
"How do you rationalize the differences in testimony
between Parker and Moscowitz — without concluding
that one of them is lying?" Parti Stemler, the govem–
ment's attorney, could reply only that all OSl attorneys
were "conscientious and acting in good faith."
Sensing that they were fighting a losing battle, two
former OSl attorneys sought a Supreme Court order
halting the 6th Circuit Court of Appeals investigation
into alleged prosecutorial misconduct. The Washington
Times reported on May 25 that Messrs. Parker and
Moscowitz argued that the Circuit Court had no juris–
diction once Mr. Demjanjuk was extradited to israel in
1986. They further noted that even if the Circuit Court
had such authority it should have sent the Demjanjuk
case back to a federal judge in Cleveland. The Supreme
Court, however, refused to halt the inquiry.
Soon afterwards, on June 8, it was reported by The
New York Times that the judge who had ordered the
investigation into the OSl's conduct of the Demjanjuk
prosecution. Chief Judge Gilbert S. Merritt of the 6th
Circuit Court of Appeals, was among the three or so
candidates being considered by President Bill Clinton
for appointment to the Supreme Court News of that
possibility drew fire from at least one Jewish organiza–
tion, the Simon Wiesenthal Center, which severely criti–
cized Judge Merritt for reopening the case.
Finally, on June 30, Judge Wiseman released his
report to the 6th Circuit Court, concluding that there is
"substantial doubt" that John Demjanjuk was lvan the
Terrible." Judge Wiseman noted: T h e statements of
former Treblinka guards and laborers recently obtained
from the Soviet Union constitute an harmonious chorus
No. 52 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ T H E UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 26,1993
1993: THE YEAR 1N REviEW
яштіяшшшшшшшяттяшшшттштшшиштшшттшяшішштштшшттшшшт
reacted quickly, sending messages to U.S. Attorney
General Janet Reno to demand that Mr. Demjanjuk be
barred from returning to this country. New Jersey-
based UNCHA1N (Ukrainian National Center History
and information Network) promptly sent telegrams to
President Clinton, Attorney General Reno and Sens. Bill
Bradley and Prank Lautenberg, to argue that Mr.
Demjanjuk be allowed to return home.
Five days after the acquittal in lsrael, the 6th Circuit
Court of Appeals in Cincinnati held a hearing on August
3 on whether Mr. Demjanjuk should be allowed to re-
enter the U.S. The U.S. Justice Department had argued
that Mr. Demjanjuk's acquittal should have no bearing
on whether he should be allowed toreturnto the United
States inasmuch as there is evidence he had been a Nazi
guard at Sobibor and other camps. Mr. Tigar argued that
all prior U.S. proceedings against his client are now
thrown into question because they were based primarily
on accusations that he was "ivan the Terrible."
Ten minutes after it heard arguments, the Court of
Appeals issued its ruling that Mr. Demjanjuk must be
allowed to return to this country. The court also ques–
tioned how Attorney General Reno could have support–
ed the legal position that Mr. Demjanjuk should be
barred from the U.S. even as federal courts were recon–
sidering their earlier decision to denaturalize him. The
court, which had reopened the Demjanjuk case in 1992
based on what it said was its power to grant relief for
"after-discovered fraud," ruled that: "Our previous order
John Domjanju!; at home in Seven Hills, Ohio,
in this case (extradition) was expressly subject to the
with hie wife, vera. understanding that Demjanjuk was to be tried only for
which inculpate a man named ivan Marchenko as the the changes in the warrant against him and under which
ivan who worked at the gas chambers, and thus excul– he was extradited, that is, charges based upon the alle–
pate Mr. Demjanjuk from those specific crimes." gation that h t was ivan the Terrible of Treblinka."
Judge Wiseman also reported that U.S. government Clearly imtotevTwith^the Justice Department's attempt
prosecutors had "failed to challenge the evidence they to end its inquiry and with the Clinton administration's
possessed, and this led them to abandon leads which position that it alone should decide Mr. Demjanjuk's
contradicted their interpretation of the evidence." He fate, Judge Pierce Lively said the Justice Department
noted the OSl's neglect in not releasing evidence to the should "put no obstacle in the way of Mr. Demjanjuk's
defense: "The government ... did little or nothing to return to this country." The court's opinion also stated
ensure that the materials it received from the Soviet that international law "forbids him from being tried on
Union on Mr. Demjanjuk's behalf represented what the any other charges" in lsrael.
government itself had received and had withheld." Meanwhile, in lsrael, the far-right Kach' party and
However, Judge Wiseman said federal prosecutors did Holocaust survivors, as well as the World Jewish
not break the law or intentionally conceal evidence that Congress, were filing petitions arguing that Mr.
would have cleared Mr. Demjanjuk. He recommended Demjanjuk should be prosecuted for allegedly serving
that the orders issued in the Demjanjuk case stand and at the Sobibor death camp. On August 1, just two
that the appeals court close the case. hours before Mr. Demjanjuk, his son and son-in-law,
While the 6th Circuit Court of Appeals was still Edward Nishnic , were to board an Air Ukraine flight
reviewing Judge Wiseman's report before issuing its own for Kyyiv, the family learned about a 10-day delay in
ruling, there was a stunning reversal in lsrael. The Mr. Demjanjuk's release due to a hearing on the afore-
Supreme Court on July 29 unanimously acquitted John mentioned petitions set for August 11.
Demjanjuk of all war crimes charges and ordered the 73- On August 11, lsrael's attorney general recommend–
year-old former Clevelander set free. The five-judge ed to the Supreme Court that Mr. Demjanjuk should not
panel said Mr. Demjanjuk is not "ivan the Terrible," thus face new charges as proposed by eight separate petitions
supporting his steadfast claim that he was a victim of filed with the court. Attorney General Yosef Harish said
mistaken identity, and overturned his 1988 death sen– there could not be a new trial unless there was a new
tence. The court said there is "reasonable doubt" that Mr. extradition order from the U.S. and that in any case
Demjanjuk was "ivan" due to recently unearthed evi– there is a "public interest" in avoiding a new trial
dence that implicates Marchenko as the brutal wach– because it is not certain that Mr. Demjanjuk would be
mann. Mr. Demjanjuk was acquitted also of all other convicted. The Supreme Court, however, delayed its
charges, including allegations that he was a guard at other decision on whether to try the former U.S. citizen. On
Nazi camps. The court ruled that these were not the main August 18, a three-judge panel of the court rejected 10
charges and that Mr. Demjanjuk had not had a chance to appeals for a new war crimes trial and ordered Mr.
defend himself against those accusations. However, the Demjanjuk deported.
court did find the controversial Trawniki 1D card to be Then on Thursday, August 19, Chief Justice Meir
authentic and determined that Mr. Demjanjuk belonged Shamgar ordered a 15-day delay in issuing his decision on
to a Nazi guard unit "whose purpose was murder." whether there should be a new trial. Speaking before the
Nonetheless, the court rejected the option of ordering a chief justice, Mr. Demjanjuk's lawyer, Yoram Sheftel,
new trial, since that would mean "an additional extension said, "eight judges of this honorable Supreme Court have
of the hearings beyond an acceptable limit" decided there is no point in putting the defendant on trial
again. There is no precedent in the State of lsrael where
Reacting to the decision, John Demjanjuk Jr. said he
was "glad to see that they fthe judgesj actually had the five judges on the Supreme Court have acquitted a person
and he is still sitting in prison three weeks later, and there
courage to stop the injustice." He commented angrily,
however, on the court's determination that his father is no indictment pending against him."
in the United States, Holocaust survivors attempted
had been a Nazi camp guard: "This nonsense should
stop right now. Our family has been through hell... it to file a lawsuit with the federal court in New York City
to bar Mr. Demjanjuk's return. However, District Judge
would be unthinkable to say that now, after 16 years of
proving his innocence, he should be left with a label that Leonard Sand dismissed the suit during an emergency
has never been tried in a court of law." session, saying his court had no jurisdiction over the
The August 2 issue of Der Spiegel, a German weekly higher Appeals Court in Cincinnati, which had found
newsmagazine, carried an article about the Trawniki 1D Mr. Demjanjuk must be permitted to return. Jewish
card, the central piece of evidence used by the leaders requested Attorney General Reno to ask the
Demjanjuk prosecution. The article traced the origins of Supreme Court to prevent Mr. Demjanjuk's return. A
theГОand concluded that it is an outright forgery. delegation that included representatives of the
American and World Jewish congresses, the Anti-
Though he was ordered freed, it remained unclear
where Mr. Demjanjuk, a stateless person, having been Defamation League and the Wiesenthal Center and was
led by New York City Comptroller Elizabeth Holtzman,
stripped of his U.S. citizenship in 1981, would go. His
family insisted he would come home to Seven Hills, who as a congresswoman authored the law that paved
Ohio. "The U.S. has a moral obligation to restore his the way for the OSl's creation, met with the solicitor
citizenship and to allow him to return," said his son. general to ask him to file an emergency request with the
The Wiesenthal Center and other Jewish groups highest court in the land to bar Mr. Demjanjuk.
^ ^ ^ 9
At the same time, a Sobibor survivor was reported to
have identified Mr. Demjanjuk as a guard at that death
camp, but just one day later, the AP reported that Esther
Raab's testimony would not stand up in court as she had
previously failed to identify Mr. Demjanjuk. Next came
allegations from the Wiesenthal Center that it had evi–
dence linking Mr. Demjanjuk to the Maidanek death
camp.
in Ukraine, Demjanjuk supporters picketed the israeli
Embassy for several days during August and
September to protest continued delays in his release.
Finally on September 1, the Justice Department
announced it was dropping its fight to keep John
Demjanjuk out of the U.S. However, the department
pledged to continue its fight to have Mr. Demjanjuk
deported on the grounds that he was a war criminal and
lied on his immigration application. The New York
Times reported that the Justice Department had been
sending letters almost daily to all 14 judges on the
Cincinnati Court of Appeals in an attempt to have the
full court overturn the previous ruling by its three-judge
panel. On August 31, the court announced it would not
reverse the order permitting Mr. Demjanjuk to return.
On September 3, the three-judge panel of the 6th
Circuit Court of Appeals convened to hear arguments of
the Demjanjuk defense and the U.S. government con–
cerning the inquiry concluded by Judge Wiseman. Each
side repeated its earlier arguments, and the Justice
Department's lawyer was subjected to some intense
questioning about the "disappearance" of certain docu–
ments and the failure to provide exonerating materials to
the defense.
As the defense awaited the 6th Circuit Court's ruling,
Mr. Demjanjuk returned to the United States on
September 22 amid extremely tight security. His return to
the U.S. followed the israeli Supreme Court's ruling on
September 19 rejecting all appeals for a new trial. Upon
disembarking a regularly scheduled El Al flight to New
York, Mr. Demjanjuk was whisked away to an undis–
closed location aboard a privately chartered airplane. His
arrival was met with angry protests in New York and
Cleveland. During an exclusive interview with The
Weekly at John F. Kennedy international Airport, Mr.
Nishnic, spokesman for the Demjanjuk family and presi–
dent of the John Demjanjuk Defense Fund, said the fami–
ly was elated to be welcoming Mr. Demjanjuk back home
and that a private reunion was planned. He also was
asked: How did Mr. Demjanjuk hold up in prison in
lsrael for seven years? He replied: "Mr. Demjanjuk is a
survivor," who endured the Great Famine, World War 11,
forced repatriation. "He's got the typical survivor mental–
ity. That cell became his world. And the worst thing we
could do is go in there and bring family pictures, because
then you've intruded on his world as he knows it. And it
was so painful that we just stopped it after a while. We
talked, but it was always case, case, case, case, case.
That was his world. That cell and the case."
The Demjanjuk case came full circle less than two
months later, on November 17, when the 6th Circuit
Court of Appeals ruled that U.S. prosecutors had perpe–
trated fraud on the court and "acted with reckless disre–
gard for the truth" in their handling of the John
Demjanjuk case. "The attitude of the OS1 attorneys
toward disclosing information to Demjanjuk's counsel
was not consistent with the government's obligation to
work for justice rather than for a result that favors its
attorneys' preconceived ideas of what the outcome of
legal proceedings should be," said the decision. As well,
the ruling cited the OSl's "win-at-any-cost attitude" and
its interest in maintaining "very close relationships with
various interest groups because their continued exis–
tence depended on it." The court unanimously decided
to overturn the 1986 extradition order that permitted Mr.
Demjanjuk to be tried, convicted and sentenced to hang
in lsrael. The three-judge panel found that its order had
been a mistake because the Office of Special
investigations had concealed exculpatory evidence from
both the defense and the court.
(it was truly fitting then, and a foreshadowing of
what was to come in 1993, that the National Law
Journal of December 28, 1992, had cited the Demjanjuk
case among its "Great Moments in the Law Awards for
1992." "The Ollie North Abuse of Power Award" went
to outgoing Attorney General William Barr and his pre–
decessor, Richard Thornburgh, "for serious lack of lead–
ership in three cases," including "the investigation of
John Demjanjuk, wrongly accused by the Justice
Department of being the infamous Nazi death camp
guard ivan the Terrible."l
The Circuit Court's ruling did not vacate the 1981
denaturalization order against Mr. Demjanjuk, but its
finding of prosecytorial misconduct paves the way for
io^^^^
1993: THE YEAR 1N REY1EW
Mr. Demjanjuk, now 73, to regain his citizenship, which
family spokesmen said was indeed the next step, in
addition. Mr. Nishnic stated, "We are trying to get these
cases brought by the OSl against suspected war crimi–
nals criminalized — not just for John Demjanjuk — but
so that no one else will have to face the same night-
mare." He added, "These 17 years have shattered the
lives of the Demjanjuk family."
The Justice Department said it was nonetheless deter–
mined to "effect Demjanjuk's prompt removal from the
United States as soon as his legal status is resolved."
And, demonstrators in the Cleveland area continued to
demand Mr. Demjanjuk's deportation by demonstrating
near the family home in the suburb of Seven Hills,
where Mr. Demjanjuk has now returned.
At year's end, a judge of the Common Pleas Court
ruled on December 16 that the ban on picketing in resi–
dential areas imposed by the city of Seven Hills was
unconstitutionally broad. The judge did leave in place a
limit on picketing hours and reduced the number of pro-
testers allowed from 30 to 25. Rabbi Avi Weiss, leader
of the demonstrators, commented: "This for us has been
a great victory because Demjanjuk is imprisoned within
his own home."
in the United States:
lobbying, aid programs
Just days before the new year, Ukraine purchased the
Forrest-Marbury Court, at 3350 M St., NW, in the his–
toric Georgetown district of Washington as its new
Embassy in the United States. The building is one of
only six buildings in private ownership in Washington
that has been designated a "building of great importance
to the National C u l t u r a l H e r i t a g e " by the Joint
Committee on Landmarks of Washington.
Within days, the Embassy staff transferred from its
previous location in a downtown office building on L
Street to their new home. On February 24, Ukrainian
Americans joined with representatives of the Ukrainian
and U.S. governments in the official ceremonies estab–
lishing the new Embassy.
in mid-January, Ukraine also signed a three-year con-
tract, with an option to buy, for a building on East 49th
Street in New York to house its General Consulate.
With a new administration arriving in Washington in
January, Ukrainian Americans began the year with high
hopes for improved U.S.-Ukrainian relations. Prior to
Bill Clinton taking the oath as president of the United
States, however, the Bush administration took one last
shot at Ukraine. Summoning Deputy Foreign Minister
Borys Tarasiuk and Deputy Defense Minister General
lvan Bizhan to Washington on January 5, administration
officials then, once again, rebuffed Ukraine's request
for security guarantees and financial assistance.
Leaking a story to The Washington Post, a senior
U.S. official stated that "Washington would not engage
in a bargaining process to persuade Ukraine's legisla–
ture to ratify its c o m m i t m e n t to r e m o v e n u c l e a r
weapons from its soil." Even so, Ukraine tried to put a
positive spin on the meetings; Minister Tarasiuk stated
that "no pressure was exerted."
One bright spot in the closing days of the Bush
administration was the establishment, by the voice of
America (УОА) and Worldnet Television, of a 30-
minute, Ukrainian-language news and features televi–
sion show for Ukraine titled "Window on America." it
first aired on January 9 and covered, as one of its sto–
ries, the Tarasiuk visit. One month later, under the spon–
sorship of the U.S. information Agency (US1A), person–
nel from Ukraine's television joined the Worldnet staff
to work on two programs of "Window on America." in
June, Worldnet invited representatives of the Ukrainian
American community to review the progress of the
show and to offer comments for its improvement.
January 20 saw the inauguration of the 42nd president
of the United States, Bill Clinton. Participating in the
inaugural festivities were Tanya Osadca and Aka
Pereyma, who demonstrated the art of pysanky at one of
the inaugural pavilions. While relations between the
Clinton administration and the Ukrainian American com–
munity began on a high note, they soon deteriorated.
For the first few months of the new administration,
Ukraine's nuclear weapons again dominated relations.
Ukraine continued insisting on security guarantees and
the United States held to its position that guarantees
would be forthcoming only after ratification of START
І and the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT).
THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 26,1993
All hopes of a shift in U.S. policy toward Ukraine were
dashed when during confirmation hearings to become sec–
retary of state, Warren Christopher was asked "What steps
should the United States government take to assuage
Ukrainian fears regarding its national security?" Mr.
Christopher responded: "When Ukraine keeps its promise
to President Bush to join the NPT as a non-nuclear state, it
will be eligible for security assistance that the U.S., U.K.
and Russia have given other non-nuclear signatories."
visiting Washington in February, Rukh Chairman
vyacheslav Chomovil joined Dr. Zbigniew Brzezinski
in a panel discussion about Ukraine at the Center for
Strategic and international Studies (CS1S).
March brought both Foreign Minister Anatoliy Zlenko
and Deputy Prime Minister for Economic Reform viktor
Pynzenyk to Washington. After meeting with President
Clinton, Secretary of State Christopher, and Secretary of
Defense Les Aspin, Minister Zlenko sounded optimistic
about the encounters despite Mr. Clinton's statement that
ratification of START 1 "is a precondition to a long-term
successful relationship" between the U.S. and Ukraine.
Meanwhile, Minister Pynzenyk met with Secretary of
the Treasury Lloyd Bentsen and officials of the World
Bank and international Monetary Fund (1MF) to discuss
Ukraine's market reform.
U.S.-Ukrainian relations took a nosedive, however,
when the Clinton administration rebuffed Ukraine's
request for a meeting between Prime Minister Leonid
Kuchma and President Clinton. When the administra–
tion refused to invite the Ukrainian Prime Minister, Rep.
E. ( K i k a ) de la G a r z a , c h a i r m a n of the H o u s e
Agriculture Committee, invited him. U.S. Ambassador
Strobe Talbott then issued the word that senior adminis–
tration officials were not to meet with the Ukrainian
leader. The story was then leaked by the administration
to T h e New York T i m e s , p r o m p t i n g a denial by
Kuchma that he even intended to visit the U.S.
Throughout the year numerous articles and editorials
in The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Times,
Foreign Affairs, Army Times and The Ukrainian
Weekly began questioning the wisdom of U.S. policy on
nuclear weapons in Ukraine. A school of thought began
to emerge that it is not only in Ukraine's interest, but in
U.S. interest, for Ukraine to gain operational control of
nuclear weapons and be in a position to stem Russian
expansionism into CentralTEastem Europe.
After almost a year of relative inactivity, the East
European Coalition assembled by the Washington
Office of the Ukrainian National Association (UNA) in
1991 became reactivated. Polish and Hungarian national
organizations joined the charter organizations from the
Ukrainian, Armenian, Russian, Latvian, Lithuanian and
Estonian communities. The coalition focused on foreign
assistance for the nations of Central and Eastern Europe
and more effective means of delivering that assistance.
in April, a high-ranking U.S. Congressional delegation
led by House Majority Leader Richard Gephardt (D-Mo.)
and Minority Leader Robert Michel (R-lll.) visited Ukraine
and Russia. Other members of Congress in the delegation
included Majority Whip David Bonior (D-Mich.) and
Chairman of the House Foreign Affairs Committee Lee
Hamilton (D-lnd). After meeting with top officials in
Ukraine, including President Kravchuk, the attitude of the
members toward Ukraine changed considerably.
During the House Foreign
Affairs Committee's consid–
eration of the foreign assis–
tance bill. Chairman
Hamilton added report lan–
guage that stated: "The
United States must make a
greater effort to treat Ukraine
as a separate and important
entity. The U.S. must initiate
a larger, more effective assis–
tance program for Ukraine
that promotes political and
economic reform and is spe–
cific to Ukraine."
By late spring and early
summer, rumors that U.S.
A m b a s s a d o r to U k r a i n e
Roman Popadiuk would be
recalled spread through
Washington and the
Ukrainian American com–
munity. it was not until
mid-summer, however,
that the a d m i n i s t r a t i o n Remnants of another era: former Defense Minister Kostyantyn Morozov and
officially announced that former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Colin Powell at areceptionnon–
Mr. Popadiuk, who com– orlng Gen. Morozov at Ukraine's Embassy in Washington.
-У TZУУГЇ;No 52
pleted his assignment on July 30, would be replaced by
William Miller.
The Senate Foreign Relations Committee held a hear–
ing on Mr. Miller's nomination on September 9 and, in
extraordinarily swift action, favorably reported the nomi–
nation five days later. The following day, September 15,
Mr. Miller was confirmed as the new ambassador to
Ukraine. He took the oath of office on October, 13 and
presented his credentials to President Kravchuk on
October 20.
in May, the Clinton administration shifted its policy
toward Ukraine. During a visit to Kyyiv, Ambassador
Talbott stated that "one of the important points that we
tried to make is that issue (nuclear weapons) is not the
only i s s u e . " T w o w e e k s later, at a m e e t i n g with
Ukrainian American community leaders, the ambas–
sador stated that relations between the two nations are
"multi-dimensional" and the U.S. will not focus solely
on nuclear issues. The community leaders, however,
were disappointed to hear that the U.S. had not shifted
its position on the weapons or security guarantees.
During a June 24 hearing by the Senate Foreign
R e l a t i o n s Subcommittee on European Affairs,
Ambassador Talbott stated that the government of the
United States wishes to broaden relations with Ukraine
and presented five general principles that are intended to
achieve that goal. Undersecretary of Defense Walter
Slocombe then discussed "confidence-building mea–
sures" that the administration was undertaking as well as
closer military ties with Ukraine, in a follow-up panel,
however, Dr. Yaroslav Bilinsky challenged convention–
al thinking by arguing that Ukraine and lsrael have the
greatest moral right to possess nuclear weapons. Former
Deputy Undersecretary of Defense Lewis Libby then
argued that Ukraine cannot feel secure in the absence of
a soundly articulated U.S. policy in Europe.
On June 1, Ukrainian Americans commemorated the
60th anniversary of the 1932-1933 famine in Ukraine.
Ukraine, however, waited until September to commem–
orate this sad episode in its history, in commemoration
of the event, the U.S. Senate passed Senate Concurrent
Resolution 42, introduced by Sen. Donald Riegle (D–
Mich.), on September 10. A copy of the findings and
conclusions of the Commission on the Ukraine Famine
was presented to the Ukrainian government during its
commemorative program as required by the resolution.
An identical resolution. House Concurrent Resolution
140, introduced by Rep. Sander Levin (D-Mich.), was
passed by the House on October 12.
U.S. foreign assistance to Ukraine dominated the
political debate throughout the year. For the administra–
tion and Congress the issue was passage of a S2.5 bil–
lion aid package for the newly independent states (N1S)
of the former Soviet Union; for Ukrainian Americans
the issue was a greater percentage of the package for
Ukraine, in an article in The Ukrainian Weekly, UNA
Washington Director Eugene iwanciw pointed out that
during fiscal years 1992-1993, of the S2.3 billion of
assistance to the N1S, Ukraine received less than 6 per–
cent of the assistance though it contains over 18 percent
of the population of the N1S.
The UNA's and Ukrainian Congress Committee of
America's (UCCA) Washington offices began a grass-
roots and lobbying effort to insure that Ukraine received
No. 52 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY
1993; THE YEAR:-!N REYlEW
a greater share of the aid destined for the N1S. When the
House of Representatives considered the foreign aid
authorization and appropriations bills on succeeding
days in June, a number of representatives including Jon
Kyi (R-Ariz.), Louise Mclntosh Slaughter (D-N.Y.),
Sander Levin (D-Mich.), Mr. Bonior and Dana
Rohrabacher (R-Calif.) argued for more assistance to
Ukraine. The bill, however, did not allocate money to
any particular nations but left it to the discretion of the
administration. The battle then shifted to the Senate.
Prior to Senate consideration of foreign aid, Sen.
Mitch McConnell (R-Kyl), the ranking minority mem–
ber of the Senate Appropriations Foreign Operations
Subcommittee, traveled to Kyyiv to assess the situation.
After meeting with a range of Ukrainian officials
including President Kravchuk, Sen. McConnell articu–
lated his support for a new policy toward Ukraine.
Ukrainian Deputy volodymyr Yavorivsky visited
Washington during this period and met with numerous
members of Congress on the general issue of aid to
Ukraine and the specific issue of aid to the victims of
Chornobyl. Ukrainian Defense Minister General
Kostyantyn Morozov also traveled to Washington for a
series of discussions about Si75 million of pledged U.S.
assistance for, the retirement of nuclear missiles. During his
visit, the general visited with Sen. McConnell to discuss
the status of the Ukrainian military at which time he stated
that funding for military housing would be welcomed.
Just before the summer recess, the Senate Foreign
Relations Committee's Subcommittee on international
Economic Policy marked up the foreign assistance autho–
rizauon bill. During its consideration. Sen. Harris Wofford
(D-Pa.) surprised his colleagues by offering an amendment
requiring that Ukraine receive its per capita share of the
assistance. While the subcommittee agreed in principle to
the amendment, formal adoption was put off to the full
committee so that technical aspects could be worked out.
When the full committee met in September, adminis–
tration arm-twisting of committee members precluded
the expected adoption of the Wofford amendment. Sen.
Wofford retreated and offered a modified amendment
calling for a "fair share" of the assistance for Ukraine.
Despite the setback in the Foreign Relations
Committee, the UNA and UCCA offices continued work–
ing on the appropriations bill. When the Appropriations
Subcommittee presented its draft of the foreign aid bill, it
already included "at least S300 million" of assistance for
Ukraine due to the efforts of Sen. McConnell. The bill
sailed through subcommittee, full committee and the
Senate without any voiced opposition.
The administration did, however, try to kill the provi–
sion during the House-Senate conference on the appro–
priations measure. Rep. David Obey (D-Wis.) led the
fight for the administration, arguing that the earmark
"would be an insult to Yeltsin." Sen. McConnell led the
fight for aid to Ukraine and was joined by Sens. Patrick
Leahy (D-vt.), chairman of the Senate Subcommittee,
and Frank Lautenberg (D-N.J.), as well as Rep. Bob
Livingston (R-La.). After a minor modification, the pro-
vision survived and was signed into law.
Joining in the celebration of Svoboda's centennial
anniversary were five U.S. senators and 10 representa–
tives, all of whom made statements on the floor of their
respective chambers about the contribution Svoboda has
made to the United States and to Ukraine's indepen–
dence. The celebration was less complete than hoped for
when the White House refused to issue any statement or
letter of congratulations.
At the request of President Yeltsin at the vancouver
Summit, President Clinton proposed legislation to revise
Cold War provisions in U.S. law. Titled the Act For
Reform in Emerging New Democracies and Support
and Help for improved Partnership (FR1ENDSH1P)
with Russia, Ukraine, and Other New independent
States, the act immediately stirred controversy.
Even prior to introduction of the proposal. Sen.
Claiborne Pell (D-R.l.) introduced legislation that would
effectively gut the Captive Nations Resolution. Sensing
the negative reaction to that proposal, the administration
did not attempt to amend Captive Nations but encoun–
tered opposition when it included a disclaimer about the
resolution. After negotiations, the FR1ENDSH1P Act
was enacted with an amendment authorizing the con–
struction of a monument in Washington to honor the
victims of communism.
in a related development, the Clinton administration
followed the path of the Bush administration in trying to
close down Radio Free EuropeyRadio Liberty (RFE7RL),
including its research institute, early in the year. When
the proposal met opposition, the effort turned toward
folding the two radio stations into YOA. Since even this
SUNDAY, DECEMBER 26,1993
tactic sparked serious Congressional opposition, the
administration agreed to consolidate all the radio stations
under an independent board. Sen. Joseph Biden (D-Del.)
supported the consolidation but opposed the new organi–
zational structure, arguing that it should be independent
of the U.S. government
While the negotiations continued, the Office of
Management and Budget (OMB) continued to slash the
budget of the Board for international Broadcasting
(ВІВ), the parent organization of RFEflRL, forcing major
personnel cutbacks. As the administrationreachedagree–
ment with Sen. Biden, a new problem arose when Sen.
Russell Feingold (D-Wis.) voiced opposition to any
agreement that would retain RFE7RL in any form.
Already close relations between the Department of
Defense and the Ukainian Defense Ministry were
strengthened even more when the Pentagon dispatched a
military medical mission to Ukraine during late
September. The mission consisted of physicians, den–
tists, optometrists, public health specialists, nurses, and
lab technicians who brought with them a military trans-
port filled with medical supplies.
The year ended on the same note with which it began:
the nuclear issue, in October, Assistant Secretary of
Defense Graham Allison traveled to Ukraine to again per–
suade it to unilaterally disarm. He stated that the United
States believes that Ukraine has a genuine security problem
that will be solved once it gives up its nuclear arsenal.
A few weeks later. Secretary of State Christopher vis–
ited Kyyiv arid added his voice to the call for disarma–
ment. During his visit, he committed 5330 million of
assistance for Ukraine, which included the already com–
mitted Si75 million in Nunn-Lugar money. This left
Ukraine with only S155 million of economic assistance
despite the legislation that committed "at least
5300,000,000" in U.S. assistance. The Department of
State defended its interpretation of the law in a
December meeting between Ambassador Talbott and
leaders of the Ukrainian American community.
On November 18, the Ukrainian Parliament over–
whelmingly ratified the START 1 treaty, but with a
series of conditions concerning its national security and
financial assistance for the dismantlement of the mis–
siles and warheads. The United States reacted negative–
ly to the conditions and President Clinton, in a phone
conversation with President Kravchuk, "expressed
his,.,unhappiness with the Ukrainian parliaments's
action." in addition, Kyyiv was knocked off vice–
President Al Gore's itinerary for December, and
President Clinton's foreign travels in January. Many
saw this as just another step in an effort to isolate
Ukraine and force unilateral disarmament.
The year ended on a positive note when the East
European Coalition in Washington was called to action
and expanded to include the Czechs, Slovaks, Romanians
and Bulgarians. The group unanimously agreed that
Russian aggression and U.S. failure to oppose Russian
expansionism were the greatest threat to the peace and
stability of Europe. Reacting to concern in all the nations
of Central and Eastern Europe about Russian aggression,
the group with its membership of 14 national organiza–
tions representing 11 ethnic groups initiated a concerted
effort to change U.S. policy, vowing to oppose "Yalta
11," the coalition inaugurated a grass-roots effort aimed at
the president's mid-January visit to Moscow.
As regards the Ukrainian community in the United
States, throughout 1993, organizations continued to sup-
port a multitude of programs aiding Ukraine and its
people. Diaspora assistance came in various forms,
ranging from fund-raising efforts to support of educa–
tional exchanges to assembly and delivery of medical
and diagnostic equipment in critically short supply in
Ukraine. Some highlights of these continuing assistance
efforts follow.
The consequences of the Chornobyl nuclear disaster
continue taking their deadly toll on the population of
Ukraine. One of the largest providers of relief to the vic–
tims, the Children of Chornobyl Relief Fund, continued
its relentless efforts in 1993. On June 12-13, this orga–
nization, which has airlifted and shipped over 700 tons
of medical aid to Ukraine since 1989, held its second
convention. Speaking at the gathering. Sen. Bill
Bradley(D-NJ), praised the CCRFs work: "This is the
kind of work that 1 believe, in a real sense, is God's
work." in addition to shipping aid to Ukraine, the CCRF
sponsors a number of hospitals in Ukraine, among them
the Lviv Regional Pediatric Center for Chornobyl
Problems, which was recently cited as the best-equipped
hospital in that city.
One of the most important functions of Ukrainian
organizations in the U.S. has been to facilitate the "re-
11
education" of many Ukrainian parliamentarians. Many
of Ukraine's current parliamentarians relish the prospect
of observing U.S. political processes and bodies in
action. The U.S.-Ukraine Foundation's parliamentary
exchange program has brought over, since 1992, many
of Ukraine's better– and less well-known members of
Parliament for brief visits to the U.S. Congress and
other legislative bodies, in conjunction with lndiana
University's School of Public Affairs and the US1A, the
program offers the parliamentarians the opportunity to
take part in seminars and discussions with U.S. legisla–
tors, political analysts and academicians. The high point
of this year's program was a Washington seminar on
legislative affairs, which included a meeting with Sens.
Dennis DeConcini (D-Ariz.) and Richard Lugar (R–
ind.). This year's program was especially useful,
according to foundation president Nadia McConnell,
because of the upcoming parliamentary elections in
Ukraine. The foundation has also been active in
Ukraine. During the past year it has organized or
expanded a number of initiatives there, among them the
Pylyp Orlyk institute for Democracy.
Supporting the current Ukrainianization of Ukraine's
school system, as well as the expansion of educational
opportunities for Ukrainian students, headed the agenda of
the Coordinating Committee to Aid Ukraine (CCAU), as
it held its second annual convention in East Hanover, N.J.,
on April 24-25. Among the accomplishments noted were
the organization's achievement of tax-exempt status. Dr.
Bohdan Burachinsky, president of the CCAU, noted that
the organization had grown to include 20 branches and six
affiliated groups, and that it had a bright future.
Since September 1992, the Fund to Aid Schools in
Ukraine, founded by the CCAU and administered joint–
ly with the Ukrainian Ministry of Education, has col–
lected over 5500,000 and targeted these funds towards
the publication of new and up-to-date elementary and
high school textbooks for Ukraine. Among major con–
tributors to the fund were the Ukrainian American
Association of Seniors (S250,000), the "Thoughts of
Faith" Lutheran ministry (Si00,000) and the Ukrainian
National Association(S50,000). in the coming year, т г
CCAU plans to aid the Ministry of Education start up a
series of scholarly journals aimed at Ukrainianizing
teachers in post-Soviet Ukraine.
As other organizations have sought to aid institutions
in Ukraine by sending assistance there, the Ukrainian
American Professionals and Businesspersons
Association of New York and New Jersey this year con–
tinued its efforts to bring young, successful humanities
students to this country. Doors of unprecendented edu–
cational opportunity were opened to a small group of
highly qualified Ukrainians through the Ps and Bs
Scholarship Program. This year, five students selected
from a large initial applicant pool attended courses at
Harvard University's Ukrainian Summer institute. Some
of these individuals have pursued graduate work at vari–
ous U.S. and Canadian institutions. Dr. Bohdan
vitvitsky, initiator of the program, noted that, "We have
opened for some of Ukraine's best and brightest stu–
dents the kinds of doors, opportunities and vistas that
had been closed for much of this century."
The Foundation in Support of Diplomatic Missions in
Ukraine furthered Ukraine's goals of establishing strong
diplomatic representation in the U.S. its fund-raising
efforts allowed for the purchase of a building for the
General Consulate of Ukraine in New York City. The
midtown Manhattan structure, which cost over S1.2 mil-
lion, is undergoing extensive renovations.
The General Consulate of Ukraine in Chicago was
the focus of fund-raising by Club 500. This ad hoc com–
mittee's raison d'etre is to enlist 500 "subscribers," who
then each contribute S20 per month for a two-year peri–
od. The proceeds go towards alleviating operational
expenses at the General Consulate, as well as towards
the purchase of a permanent site for the Consulate. Club
500 has enlisted a large number of subscribers through
concerts and benefit banquet balls, the most successful
of which took place on May 1 at the Ukrainian Cultural
Center in Chicago. Among the luminaries present was
Ukraine's ambassador to the U.S., Dr. Oleh Bilorus.
1993 was an important year for the Ukrainian American
Coordinating Council (UACC). The organization, formed
in 1981 as a result of a split within the Ukrainian Congress
Committee of America (UCCA), held its third quadrennial
convention on October 2-3. Greetings werereceivedfrom
President Bill Clinton, vice-President Al Gore and Bishop
Basil Losten, among others. Ulana Diachuk was re-elected
president, while John Oleksyn was electedfirstvice-presi–
dentoftheUACC.
in the past several years, the UACC has met with
i 2 ^ , T H E UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 2 6 , 1 9 9 3 ^ ^ ^ N o . 52

1993: THE Y E A U I N REVIEW

U.S. government officials on issues of concern to the
Ukrainian American community. Together with the
UCCA and the UNA Washington Office, the UACC has
lobbied both the executive and legislative branches.
Most recently, it has actively promoted a better under-
standing by the U.S. of Ukraine's security, political and
economic needs.
The UACC convention passed a number of resolu–
tions, reflecting among other things, the following
ideas: Ukrainian diaspora financial institutions should
increase their activities in Ukraine; and the U.S. com–
munity should work towards creating a unified political
representationTlobby in Washington.
in commemorating the 60th anniversary of the Great
Famine of 1932-33, many Ukrainian communities held
public remembrances, in the New York City area, June
1 was set aside as a day of remembrance. There was a
solemn memorial service at St. Patrick's Cathedral, in
which Ukrainian Catholic and Orthodox clergy and
laity joined with local Roman Catholics and others in
commemorating the genocidal famine, in attendance
were members of Ukraine's diplomatic corps, various
community leaders and several thousand persons from
within and without the Ukrainian community.
in Washington, services were held on September 12,
Famine Sunday. At the Ukrainian Catholic National
Shrine a liturgy and panakhyda were he-id, with
Ambassador Bilorus present. Deacon Theophil Staruch
delivered a sermon, in which he stated that Soviet com–
munism collapsed, because it was built on the mass
destruction of innocent people and thus went against the
very nature of God himself. Following the services, the A changing of the guard at Ukraine's Embassy in Ottawa: Levko Lul ko is returning to Ukraine,
Ukrainian community delivered a donation of food, in while viktor Batiouli, formerly ambassador to the United Nations, is to take over as envoy to Canada.
memory of the famine victims, to the Capital Area
Community Food Bank. in Edmonton, yet similar missions in Toronto and which was later revealed to be incomplete, instead, Mr.
in Parma, Ohio, at St. viadm;ir's Ukrainian Montreal had yet to be opened. Weiner offered them an "omnibus apology" without
Orthodox Cathedral. over 600 people gathered on Across the Atlantic, the Canadian Embassy in Kyyiv financial compensation. The Canadian government
Sunday, October з і , for the blessing of a memorial faced as difficult a time in opening its S3.5 million would also erect a "National Builders Hall of Record"
monument dedicated to the victims of the famine. offices, once occupied by the East Germans. Because of as a tribute to multiculturalism in the country.
Archbishop Antony of Washington and New York cele– renovations delays, Canadian Ambassador Francois Unsatisfied, the UCC, along with fellow National
brated the hierarchical liturgy, vitalyj Sobko, first sec–Mathys was forced to officially open the Embassy on Redress Alliance members, the Chinese Canadian
retary at Ukraine's Embassy, and members of the parish Canada Day, July 1, while on a tourist cruise boat on the National Council and the National Congress of italian
Famine Committee unveiled the monument, it is 11 feet Dnipro River. - Canadians, planned to petition the United Nations'
tail in the form of a tryzub (trident), its position along in September, Ambassador Lukianenko told The Human Rights Commission to intervene.
State Road ensures that it is viewed by thousands of Weekly, in an exclusive interview, that he had submit– By October, Mr. Weiner proposed a formal apology
people every day. in this manner the Ukrainian commu– ted his resignation to President Leonid Kravchuk after to the Ukrainian Canadian community in the House of
nity in Parma has contributed to raising Americans' only 18 months in office. The former presidential candi– Commons, the placement of commemorative plaques in
awareness of Ukraine's difficult history. date was angered over the Ukrainian government's national parks where internment camps were located,
The Ukrainian community in the Chicago area also agreement to transfer 1,800 nuclear warheads to Russia and the creation of an interpretive center in Banff
commemorated the Great Famine, with the dedication of and exchange its half of the Black Sea fleet as partial National Park, site of the Castle Mountain internment
a monument to the Famine victims. On Saturday, payment for its 52.5 billion debt (later annulled follow– Camp. Mr. Bardyn's committee said no thanks to the
December 4, a memorial service was held at St. ing President Boris Yeltsin's dissolution of the Russian proposed ethnocultural Hall of Record.
Andrew's Ukrainian Orthodox Church in Bloomingdale, Parliament and Ukrainian Prime Minister Leonid At year's end, the future of the UCC redress claim
ill. During the observance, the monument was unveiled. Kuchma's own resignation). Ambassador Lukianenko became the responsibility of newly elected Liberal
Attendance was high, as over 500 people joined in planned to help ready the Ukrainian Republican Party, Prime Minister Jean Chretien.
solemn remembrance of the famine victims. Youth and of which he is a former leader, for next March's parlia– But where the Canadian government refused to
veteran's organizations were present, as was the mentary elections. cough up cash for historic compensation, it seemed
Ukrainian Consul General Anatoliy Oliynik. illinois Second-in-command Andrij vesselovsky became act– more than willing to help the Ukrainian government get
Gov. Jim Edgar, Rep. Henry Hyde, as well as Chicago ing head of the Ukrainian Embassy in Ottawa until a on its feet.
Mayor Richard M. Daley sent greetings. new ambassador was named on December 17. He is in February, Southam News reported that the
viktor Batiouk, Ukraine's ambassador to the United Conservative government planned to shift its 52.7 bil–
Nations. lion overseas aid program away from some of the 136
But delays weren't exclusive to Ukrainian-Canadian recipient countries to newly formed East European
in Canada: expanded diplomatic relations. The UCC's redress committee,
already challenged by the breakaway Ukrainian
countries, including Ukraine. After all, Canada was the
first Western country to recognize Ukraine's indepen–
Canadian Civil Liberties Association's (UCCLA) own dence in 1991. it has also been one of the few to be gen–
contacts with Ukraine redress council, made no further inroads in having a
five-year-old claim for compensation resolved.
erous to Ukraine.
Canada's three-year, 530 million technical assistance
in Canada, 1993 was the best of times and the worst Prime Minister Brian Mulroney had promised to program continued, with a 5772,000 project to the
of times. resolve the request for the World War 1 internment of Ukrainian Canadian Professional and Business
Ukraine's first ambassador to Canada, Levko between 3,300 and 5,000 Ukrainian Canadians before he Federation (UCPBF) almost complete. The UCPBF pro-
Lukianenko, carried his real estate woes into the new left office, in May, UCC redress committee chairperson gram sent Canadian consultants, like Dr. Bohdan
year. Toronto businessman Erast Huculak, who donated ihor Bardyn released a confidential report to The Weekly. Krawchenko, to set up such programs as the institute of
the embassy building to the Ukrainian government last The study, prepared by Price Waterhouse in January 1992 Public Administration and Local Government (1PALG)
fall, was linked to a deal with the former deputy head of for an undisclosed sum,reportedthat Ukrainian-Canadian in Ukraine, it also involved short-term training for mid–
the Ukrainian mission, Oleksiy Rodionov. The rumor internees suffered economic losses anywhere from 521.6 dle– and senior-level Ukrainian civil servants.'
involved the pair having owned the 5615,000 building, million to 532.5 million (1991 dollars). That included the The first group of deputy ministers from Ukraine —
then selling and re-purchasing it for the embassy. Real confiscation of property and the loss of between 51.9 and 80 in all are expected — attended workshops and met
estate agent Tony Rhodes provided details to dispel the 52.8 million in 1917 dollars of employment Among the with their Canadian counterparts in Ottawa in
charges and, in turn, accused the Ukrainian Canadian UCC's demands: 510 million in compensation for monies December.
Congress of bungling a leasing arrangement for confiscated and another 535 million for lost wages. More than 2,500 Ukrainian students attended 1PALG
Ambassador Lukianenko's residence. But that trump card failed to move Mr. Mulroney or seminars in 1993. The institute, funded by the Canadian
The UCC, which had raised money in support of the his successor, Kim Campbell, to action. Nor did a visit government until 1996, will also admit 100 Ukrainians
Ukrainian embassy, eventually bought a 5668,000 to Parliament Hill by Mary Haskett, 84, honorary chair- each year into its one-year master in public administration
house to serve as the ambassador's residence, but person of the UCCLA's redress council and the only certificate program. The 1PALG announced it would open
5450,000 of that came from a private estate. known survivor of the 1914-1920 internment camps. a satellite campus in Dnipropetrovske in the new year.
in March, Ambassador Lukianenko visited in May, former Multiculturalism Minister Gerry The 53.7 million "Partners in Progress" initiative
Edmonton for three days, where he met with Premier Weiner met with representatives.from five ethnic kicked into high gear in 1993, offering the Ukrainian
Ralph Klein. The Alberta government agreed to help groups, all seeking compensation for historic discrimi– government assistance in government administration,
Ukraine develop its food-processing industry, oil explo– nation. They hoped the federal government would health, agriculture and human resource development.
ration and extraction, and telecommunications. match its 1988 5300 million package to the Japanese Through the program, Edmonton's Lubomyr
Promises were also made to open a Ukrainian Consulate Canadian community for World War H internment. Markevych opened a Canadian Cooperation. Office in
No. 52 T H E UKRAINIAN WEEKLY
І993; THE YEAR 1N REY1EW
Kyyiv to handle (lelivery,oT6anada's technical assis–
tance, Also,"work began on assembling the collection
for the "Treasures of Ukraine" exhibit, scheduled to
travel lto Toronto, Edmonton and vancouver in 1994.
The OCPBF also hosted a four-day conference look–
ing at trade opportunities with Ukraine, during its bien–
nial meeting in Winnipeg in early July.
The signing of a trade deal between Ukraine and the
Province of Manitoba was forestalled when viktor
Pynzenyk. then Ukraine's deputy prime minister for
economic reform, requested more time to study the
terms. He also called for more Canadian assistance,
telling delegates that among the 1,200 active joint ven–
tures in Ukraine, only 29 were Canadian based.
in other developments at the conference. Dr. Louis
Melosky, a Winnipeg orthodontist, was elected
UCPBF president, succeeding Toronto lawyer Eugene
Zalucky. The federation also announced that, in addi–
tion to holding its next biennial conference in
Montreal, plans were under way to hold a special
meeting in Kyyiv in 1994.
Yet while many Canadians had traveled, or at least
plan to travel to Ukraine this,year to offer their exper–
tise, fewer Ukrainians came to Canada.
Although the federal department of Citizenship and
immigration claimed Ukrainian immigration to Canada
increased over the past year, the Canadian Ukrainian
immigrant Aid Society disagreed. The society hoped for
10,000 Ukrainians passing through Canada's mission in
Kyyiv annually, in 1993, only 98 Ukrainians arrived in
Canada and the Canadian Embassy only processed for–
mal applications and issued 121 immigrant visas
between January 1, 1992, and August 31,1993.
Canadian Friends of Rukh, meeting on April 10 in
Toronto, adopted a name change and altered the organi–
zation's statutes to broaden its work — a walkout by its
Toronto branch notwithstanding. The group's new
name, Canadian Association for the Development of
Ukraine, reflects its status as an organization that will
work not only with Rukh, but with every group in
Ukraine that supports democratic and free-market
reform, victor Pedenko was elected president of the
CADU. Previously, CFR was headed by Mr. Huculak.
in Alberta, Liberal Leader Laurence Decore led his І
Ternopil orphans: Diaspora activities
global controversy elsewhere in the world
The Ukrainian government's May moratorium on
adoption of Ukrainian children by foreigners was
both a consequence of and an impediment to the res–
olution of the case of 54 Ternopil orphans.
Brought to the United States from Ternopil,
Ukraine, by the "Thoughts of Faith" Lutheran min–
istry of Wisconsin in January 1992, the original 124
children were placed with Chicago-area Ukrainian
American and Lutheran families for four months of
warm environment during the winter.
American sponsor-families were led to believe
that the children were true orphans and that after the
four-month period they could be adopted, in fact,
two-thirds are wards of the state while the remaining
one-third have either a parent, grandparent or legal
guardian.
While the majority of the children were eventual–
ly returned to Ukraine, 54 have remained in the cus–
tody of their American sponsor families who are try–
ing to adopt them. Two commissions from Ukraine,
numerous documents, meetings with Ukraine's
Consul General to Chicago Anatoliy Oliynyk and 23
months later, some 40 families continue to pursue
the adoption of their Ukrainian foster child.
The battle for the Ternopil orphans had taken on
epic proportions as the Ukrainian government
attempts to mediate between the adopting families
and the raion councils responsible for deciding the
children's fate.
After close to two years of conflict, Ukraine's
Minister for Humanitarian Affairs Mykola
Zhulynsky in November gave the 54 adoptions carte
blanche, but the raion councils have stymied their
processing for political reasons. For its part, the
American government permits the adoption of any
child who has been in the legal custody of or resided
with the adopting parents for at least two years.
The two-year anniversary of the Ternopil chil–
dren's.arrival to the United States is less than a
month away.
SUNDAY, DECEMBER 26,1993
party to 32 seats in the 83-seat provincial legislature.
Although the former mayor of Edmonton wiped the New
Democratic Party off the political map, Mr. Decore had
to settle for official opposition status to Premier Klein's
re-elected Progressive Conservative government.
Meanwhile in Ontario, suspended Provincial Court
Judge Walter Hryciuk found himself on the other side of
the bench, when he faced a public inquiry into allega–
tions of his own misconduct. Ontario's Attorney
General Marion Boyd ordered the hearing after two
female assistant crown attorneys charged the 58-year-
old judge with sexual misconduct. One, Kelly Smith,
accused Judge Hryciuk of forcibly kissing her. The
other, Susan Lawson, claimed the judge made sexually
suggestive comments to her.
in late November, after hearing from more than 35
witnesses, Justice Jean MacFarland recommended Judge
Hryciuk's removal from the bench. His lawyer has since
called for a judicial review of that decision and a new
inquiry headed by a new commissioner.
On a brighter note, two Ukrainian Canadians were
awarded the Order of Canada, the country's highest
civilian honor. Dr. Jaroslav Rudnyckyj, former prime
minister of the Ukrainian national government-in-exile
and founding head of the Slavic studies department at
the University of Manitoba, was inducted as an officer
(the second-highest in the three-tiered system) in
April. He was joined in the fall by Metropolitan
Wasyly Fedak, primate of the Ukrainian Orthodox
Church of Canada. Governor General Ray Hnatyshyn
made the presentations at Rideau Hall in Ottawa.
And in Ottawa, Canada's former ambassador to
Portugal, Raynell Andreychuk, was named a senator by
Mr. Mulroney in March. The Saskatoon-bom former
provincial court judge now represents her province in
Canada's Upper House for the Tories.
Beyond politics and diplomacy, Toronto's CFMT–
Tv was given the green light by the Canadian Radio-
Television Telecommunications Commission to
transmit its multilingual programming signal to the
Ottawa market. Next September, that means a weekly
offering of "Svitohliad" for Tv viewers in the
nation's capital.
1 diers by year's end. The legislature acted after a
The World Congress of Free Ukrainians dropped the
"Free" from its name during its sixth congress, held
November 3-7, and elected Dr. Dmytro Cipywnyk, for–
mer president of the Ukrainian Canadian Congress, as
its president. The congress was the first since the decla–
ration of Ukraine's independence. Ukraine's Deputy
Prime Minister Mykola Zhulynsky addressed the con–
gress, as did parliamentary deputies. They stressed the
1993 marked the 60th anniversary of the Great Famine in Ukraine. The somber occasion was commem–
orated at the World Congress of Free Ukrainians in Toronto with a dramatic "famine ballet" staged by
Danovia Stech!shln's Ukrainian Academy of Dance.
13
continued need for the WCU's existence, in a signifi–
cant development, Ukrainian delegations from Poland
and Romania were officially represented for the first
time in the congress' history.
The main themes of the congress were the commem–
oration of the 1932-1933 famine, work with newly inde–
pendent Ukraine, and a new definition of the term "dias–
pora" as the focus of WCU activity, it was significant
that there was a marked lack of the party line divisions
so often seen at previous conclaves of the WCFU.
Perhaps this lack of ideological conflict was related to
the lack of any concrete action taken on virtually every
important issue facing both Ukraine and the diaspora.
The congress was also marked by the near total absence
of young delegates. The few that did attend were cheifly
from Ukraine and Eastern Europe.
The past year saw Ukraine making substantial
progress in establishing a network of diplomatic repre–
sentations. As of June 17, the Ukrainian Embassy in
Bonn, Germany, is located in its own building. Until
that day, Ukraine's diplomatic corps in Germany
worked out of the old Soviet, now Russian Embassy.
Now the staff of 12 is based in a small structure on the
outskirts of the city. But this move is just a temporary
one, for once Berlin reassumes its status as the German
capital, Ukraine's Embassy will be transferred and the
building in Bonn will likely become a trade mission or
consulate.
in a related development, Ukraine's Embassy to
France was officially opened on September 15.
Ukrainian troops have been part of the United
Nations humanitarian aid and peacekeeping effort in
Croatia and Bosnia since early 1992. They have been
one of the most effective contingents stationed on the
territory of the former Yugoslavia, according to out-
side observers. There have also been some,'allegations
of Ukrainian troops engaging in black market activi–
ties with Serbian Chetnik guerrillas, it was against this
mixed background that Ukraine's Parliament voted to
increase the troop contingent from 800 to 1,220 sol–
request from U.Ni Secretary General Boutros Boutros–
Ghali, who cited the Ukrainians' linguistic and reli–
gious similarities to the local inhabitants and their con-
sequent ability to carry out their mission most effec–
tively.
Staying on the topic of former Yugoslavia, it has
become apparent that the Ukrainian diaspora communi–
ties throughout the war-tom lands of Croatia, Serbia and
especially Bosnia have been gravely damaged. Of the
approximately 25,000 Ukrainians and several thousand
Rusyns living there before the war, the majority have
become refugees. Estimates of Ukrainian deaths number
in the thousands. Ukrainians have fought on all three
sides, either having been drafted, or having volunteered,
to serve in the armed forces of the warring Serbs, Croats
and Bosnian Muslims.
At an April meeting with the Ukrainian American
community in Washington, survivors of the Balkan war
1 4 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 26,1993
1993: THE YEAR 1N REY1EW
spoke of Ukrainians rounded up and shot by Serb 1991 and 1992 bore fruit in 1993. The American
Chetnik guerrillas at vukovar, Croatia, and of international Health Alliance (АІНА), a partnership
Ukrainians forcibly drafted into the Bosnian Serb program initiated in 1992 between hospitals in the
forces. Many Ukrainian Catholic churches have been United States and the newly independent states of the
burned in Serbia. Apparently, Russian U.N. peacekeep– former Soviet Union, concluded the year with 22 part–
ers helped Serbs evict Ukrainians from parts of Bosnia. nerships, four with hospitals in Ukraine.
The remnants of the community look to the onset of Funded by the United States Agency for international
winter with fear and despair. Development (USA1D) and participating hospitals in
the U.S., the AlHA's goal is to counter the economic
dislocation and breakdown of centralized health care in
former Soviet republics by facilitating exchanges
between senior hospital administrators, physicians,
nurses and technical specialists in the U.S. with their
counterparts in the newly independent states.
The largest of Ukraine's partnerships, between
Kyyiv's Ukrainian State Medical University and the
University of Pennsylvania Medical Center (including
the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and the
School of Medicine), focuses on combating high infant
mortality, neonatal asphyxia, problem pregnancies, low
levels of pre– and post-natal care and ways to improve
family planning. The Kyyiv-Philadelphia partnership
includes the two hospitals' affiliates: in Kyyiv,
Children's Hospital No. 2 and Obstetrical Hospital No.
3, in Philadelphia, the School of Nursing of the
University of Pennsylvania and Children's Hospital of
Philadelphia.
The Odessa Oblast Hospital and the Coney island
Hospital and Maimonides Medical Center partnership
targets the areas of emergency services, hospital man–
agement and health care financing as well as new diag–
nostic and treatment technologies in urology, neonatalo–
gy, ophthalmology and orthopedic surgci
The pairing of Lviv Oblast Hospital v. ah Henry Ford
Health Systems of Detroit and Kaisci Foundation
Health Plan of Ohio focuses on the prevention and treat–
ment of rheumatic heart disease. The Lviv Railway
Oblast Hospital-Millard Fillmore Hospital of Buffalo,
N.Y., partnership emphasizes improving performance in
immunology, obstetrics and the prevention of asphyxia
among the newborn.
The АІНА program for the newly independent states
has been funded by Congress until the middle of 1994
and in the future will expand to former East-Bloc coun–
Ukraine's Honorary Consul in Australia Zina Botte tries.
(right) with Phil Honeywood, parliamentary secre– Throughout the year, Elwyn inc., in conjunction with
tary on ethnic affairs (left), and Yasuhori Kikuchi, the Fund of Ukraine for the Protection of invalids and
consul general of Japan. Ukraine's Ministry of Social Welfare, laid the ground-
in Australia, the Consulate of Ukraine held its first work for its two-year Early intervention Model
official celebration of Ukraine's independence on Demonstration Program in Mykolayiv.
August 24 in Melbourne. The event, which took place in Elwyn, the nation's oldest, private non-profit organi–
the Mayoral Hall of Essendon Civic Center, was hosted zation for people with disabilities, will employ speech,
by Zina Botte, honorary consul of Ukraine. More than physical and occupational therapists and a psychologist
100 members of the consular corps, members of the state to identify children with physical and mental disabili–
and federal parliaments,representativesof strategic mili– ties, provide them and their families with education and
tary and air command, trade union leaders, as well as therapeutic support, and initiate an education program
local officials, scholars, businesspersons and the news to help encourage community-wide understanding and
media attended the gala, which was Ukraine's first con– acceptance of children with disabilities in order for
sular reception on Australian soil. Honorary Consul them to reach their fullest potential.
Botte said: "Ukrainians are proud and grateful to God Funded in part by USA1D, the demonstration pro-
that, after long years of bitter oppression, they have gram will develop a system of evaluation and diagnosis
repossessed Ukraine's ancient rights — achieving free– of newboms, provide classroom instruction to 450 chil–
dom and independence by means of a bloodless revolu– dren, deliver parent and home training for 92 families
tion." Phil Honeywood, parliamentary secretary on eth– and train 120 Ukrainian professionals to replicate the
nic affairs, also addressed the festive gathering, noting program, beginning in early 1994.
the significant contributions the Ukrainian community The Medical Clinic on Wheels, conceived in 1991 by
has'made to Australia and raising a toast to Ukraine's Dr. Stephen Dudiak and his wife, Lusia, of Madison,
president, Leonid Kravchuk. Wis., and funded by the "Thoughts of Faith" Lutheran
ministry, continued to roll in Ternopil Oblast during
1993. The two mobile units providing medical and den–
tal services to Chomobyl children and patients in rural
Ukraine aid: private and urban regions are staffed by health practitioner vol–
unteers from the United States, who train local physi–
cians to staff the mobile clinics and use the equipment
sector dominates and supplies.
The project also provides medical equipment and
Whereas previous years saw the Ukrainian communi– supplies, educational tools, books, videotapes and
ty galvanizing assistance projects to Ukraine, in 1993 instructors to pediatric and obstetric hospitals.
government-sponsored programs and the private sector Yarema Harabatch and his organization, UkraineAid,
dominated in the aid to Ukraine arena. With the diaspo– continued to facilitate shipments of medical supplies to
ra's leading community organizations and Ukraine-aid Ukraine via chapters of the Bavarian Red Cross for the
foundations loosing steam in the face of Ukraine's over- second year running. This year, three deliveries of med–
whelming number of needs, new, smaller organizations, icine, hospital equipment, dry food and clothing were
and organizations not previously bitten by the aid to delivered to Truskavets, a western Ukrainian city
Ukraine bug, cropped up to pursue narrowly defined known for its health spas, via truck convoys organized
projects. Some organizations, like the Sabre by the Miltenberg-Obemburg chapter of the Bavarian
Foundation, The Project on Economic Reform in Red Cross.
Ukraine (PERU) and the Soros Foundation expanded Economic hardships and the publicized plight of
their assistance repertoire, while others dropped off into Ukraine's overwhelmed orphanage system gave rise to
obscurity. two orphan aid groups in 1993. The Orphan Aid
in the medical sphere, assistance programs set up in Society, coordinated by Raisa Hotz of the Ail-Ukrainian
^ N o . 52
Women's Hromada based in Kyyiv and Maria Yowyk
of New York, sponsors a Ukrainian orphan for 515 per
month. Conceived in 1992, the sbeiejy sponsored its
first child in September of this year andro date sponsors
over 100 children. . -
"Help Us Help the Children...We Are Their Future,"
organized under the auspices of the Children of
Chomobyl Canadian Fund earlier this year, made a
three-year commitment to assist Ukraine's orphanages
and children's hospital by donating medical supplies,
vitamins, vaccines, food, clothing and toys, in the
spring Help Us Help the Children donated Si00,000
worth of humanitarian goods to Ukrainian orphanages.
Having raised an additional S500,000, the group
returned to Ukraine in the fall, delivering nine tons of
supplies donated mostly by Canadian pharmaceutical
companies to 16 orphanages, in May 1994 Help Us
Help the Children, which has expanded to include med–
ical professionals, plans to return to Ukraine with 50
tons of medical and humanitarian supplies valued at S5
million (Canadian) for 10,000 children living in 60
orphanages.
The Massachusetts-Ukraine Citizens Bridge launched
its "Bridging Families" program in the fall, which
assists Ukrainian families with donations of non-perish–
able items while developing relationships between
Ukrainian and American cultures. Participants include
family information and a photo in their package; ship-
ping costs cover response card postage for Ukrainian
families to write back to their American sponsors.
Sister-city relationships between Ukraine and the
U.S. thrived in 1993, solidifying ties between
Bohodukhiv and Boyertown, Pa.; Cherkasy and Santa
Rosa, Calif.; Kaniv and Sonoma, Calif.; Kharkiv and
Cincinnati. Ohio; Ternopil and Yonkers. N.Y.;
Kolomyia and El Cajon, Calif., and Poltava and
lrondequoit, N.Y.
Ukraine's farmers got a leg up through two different
agricultural assistance programs in the U.S. and Canada,
in April 100 American farmers traveled to Ukraine as
part of Operation Farm Ukraine '93 to assist their
Ukrainian counterparts with spring planting on approxi–
mately 1,000 farms totaling 500,000 acres, in addition
to farming instruction, Operation Farm Ukraine '93, a
joint venture between ІСІ Seeds of West Des Moines,
iowa, and Zemlya and Lyudi, a Ukrainian agricultural
firm and designated representative of Ukraine's
Ministry of Agriculture, calls for a first year Ukrainian
purchase of up to S70 million worth of U.S. technology
and manufactured agricultural goods, including hybrid
corn seeds and agro-chemicals from 1СІ, and state of the
art planters, sprayers and harvesters manufactured by
leading America companies. Financing for the
Ukrainian purchase was arranged by Citibank New
York and guaranteed by U.S. Eximbank.
The Saskatchewan Provincial Council of the
Ukrainian Canadian Congress this year took over a
farming work-study program begun by the Ukrainian
Resource and Development Center at Grant MacEwan
Community College in Edmonton in 1991. The program
teaches Ukrainian farmers about the agricultural indus–
try in Canada for a six-month period, focusing on indus–
try tours of dairy plants, apiaries, abattoirs, wholesale
distributors and agricultural equipment manufacturers.
The program is funded primarily by George Soros
through the Karl Popper Foundation of Switzerland.
Small-scale instructional exchanges highlighted
assistance to Ukraine programs in 1993.
Two Ukrainian foresters traveled to the U.S. this
summer as part of an ongoing exchange between the
Ukrainian State Agricultural University and the
Pennsylvania State College of Agricultural Sciences.
Dr. Anatoly Strochinsky, a forest biometrician and dean
of USAU's department of forestry, and vasily Ribak,
director of the university's 45,000-acre Boyarska
Experimental forest, visited Penn States' diverse
forestry-related operations and learned about private
enterprise, technological advances in wood processing
and the marketing of secondary wood products. The
exchange was sponsored by the Penn State Center for
Ukrainian Agriculture, funded in large part through a
donation of the Alex Woskob family of State College,
Pa.
Four Ukrainian museum professionals also traveled
to the U.S. this summer to participate in a four-and-a-
half week series of museum-related activities and
instruction in New York, Boston and Newark, Del.
Sponsored by the Soros Foundation through its Kyyiv
affiliate, the Renaissance Foundation, the four museum
experts met with staff of the Metropolitan Museum of
Art and Christie's Auction House in New York and the
 ^KyhSSr,^^'– ' - , i ^ v r ^ ЧС 1 '^' '.:..v..'v.^v^
No. 52 ^^^^^-iL T H E UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 26,1993 15

1993; THE YEAR 1N REY1EW

Democracy, will tap avail- "Russian" Soviet empire in the two peoples. Closed to
able resources on thou– the public and journalists, the participants promised that
sands of computer net- transcripts of the discussions would be published.
works interconnected on Prof. Frances Swyripa, appointed in September 1992
internet and assist institu– by the Canadian institute of Ukrainian Studies (C1US)
tions already possessing e–
mail capabilities by pro– to teach in the areas of immigration history, ethnic set–
viding information on how tlement, women's studies and others, participated in the
to gain access to files, University of Alberta-Lviv University Academic
texts, bibliographic entries, Exchange Program. Prof. Swyripa conducted archival
lists of internet sites, lists research on the backgrounds of those who came to
of directories and software Canada and established contacts with interested scholars
available on internet. and students.
Another aid to Ukraine High school students from Kyyiv spent two weeks in
veteran, the Project on Baltimore classes in January, a culmination of'the
Economic Reform in efforts of local teacher Peter Sugatt. The director of
Ukraine, laid the ground- Kyyiv's High School No. 143, Liudmyla Kovalenko,
work for the international
Reform institute of accompanied the group.
Ukraine, a collaborative A group of 70 high-school-age students from
project between PERU, Ukraine, Russia and Kazakhstan arrived in Washington
Ukrainian policymakers on January 25. They were ready to participate in a U.S.
and academics funded by information Agency (US1A) program set up by legisla–
a grant from Citizens tion introduced by Sen. Bill Bradley (D-N.J.) supporting
Corp., a for-profit holding exchanges of up to four weeks' duration.
The plight of Ukraine's overwhelmed orphanage system came to the fore in company ownded by By late February, the U.S.-based Junior Achievement
1993: a resident of the Kryvyi Rlh orphanage. Citizens Energy. The
institute, once fully opera– education initiative had trained its first group of 24
teachers in "practical experiences in the competitive pri–
Museum of Fine Arts in Boston, and participated in a tional, will place advisors in the Ukrainian government vate enterprise system, through a partnership with busi–
three-and-a-half week Collections Care Training to assist the development and implementation of eco– ness and education communities," in accordance with
nomic reform programs, teach intensive courses on top–
Program at the University of Delaware, a hands-on ics of reform to policymakers, support research on JA's principles.
course for museum professionals working with histori– Ukraine's economy and provide a library and informa–
The new political reality began to leave its imprint on
cal collections. tion services. leading institutions in the U.S. Well positioned to bene–
Five Ukrainian interns studied the credit union move– fit from this shift was Prof. Alexander Motyl of
ment at Ukrainian credit unions in New York, Yonkers, At the beginning of the year. The National Forum
Columbia University, who became the Harriman
Rochester, Newark and Passaic, N.J., this summer under Foundation launched its American volunteers for institute's associate director, and who assisted in the
the auspices of the U.S. Department of Commerce international Development (AviD) program, which establishment of a Ukrainian studies program, reflecting
SAB1T program, the Ukrainian National Credit Union recruits qualified Americans to work with their profes– that "it was finally understood that Ukraine has to be
Association, the World Council of Credit Unions and sional counterparts in government and independent studied." Also reflecting the shift to a post-imperial
the Ukrainian government. media throughout Central and Eastern Europe and
world, students wishing to pursue a program at the insti–
Under the auspices of the Gund Foundation Ukraine. Funded by the National Endowment for tute would no longer need to master Russian, because
international Law Center at Case Western Reserve Law Democracy, Pew Charitable Trusts and the Office of proficiency in another of the N1S region's languages
School, an Ohio delegation representing the Ohio Citizen Exchanges of the United States information was now made acceptable.
Supreme Court, the Cuyahoga County Common Pleas Agency (US1A), the program promotes the region's The new Ukrainian studies program, in which
Court, the Ohio Judicial Conference, the Ohio State Bar transformation to a free political and economic system Ukrainian 1 was introduced in April, is to include ian–
Association, Case Western Reserve Law School and and is a natural extension of the NFF's Central and guage courses, courses in politics and economics, con–
members of the Ukrainian American legal community Eastern European internship Program. The СЕЕІР pro- ferences, seminars by visiting scholars and policy mak–
traveled to Kyyiv, Lviv and Kharkiv this summer as an gram, which brings visiting fellows from former East- ers, and contacts with Ukrainian institutions such as the
outgrowth of the Ohio-Ukraine Judicial Program thai Bloc countries and Ukraine, hosting two fellows from C1US at the University of Alberta, the Renaissance
was started by a consortium of Ohio judges, law schools Ukraine earlier this year. Foundation in Lviv and the Harvard Ukrainian Research
and organizations in І990. This summer's exchange fol– The Citizens Democracy Corps based in institute (HUR1).
lows last summer's visit to Ohio ofrepresentativesfrom Washington announced in early 1993 that it will begin The University qf Pennsylvania at Philadelphia
Ukraine's Supreme Court, the law department of the implementing its assistance programs for Ukraine and established a summer study program in Kyyiv that will
Secretariat of Ukraine's Parliament, the Union of appointed Steve Piwtorak, a Ukrainian American from emphasize Ukrainian language, culture and civilization.
Lawyers of Ukraine and Ukrainian law professors. Troy, Mich., to establish and direct operations in Penn State University announced that it would be
Through the Ohio-Ukraine Judicial Program, an Kyyiv. The CDC targeted three assistance programs publishing the works of Hryhoriy Skovoroda, edited by
ongoing project to assist fledgling democracies of the for Ukraine: the Corporate Assistance Program, which Prof. Michael Naydan (Penn State) and Dr. Oksana
former Soviet Union develop independent judicial sys– will enlist executives of Fortune 500 corporations, Zabuzhko (Ukrainian Academy of Sciences), with
tems. Case Western Reserve Law School will host Prof. non-profit organizations and universities to provide translations by the aforementioned and a team including
Eugene T. Roulko of the institute of international long-term, high-level priority needs; the Business Agni editor Askold Melnyczuk. The first volume is
Relations at Kyyiv University as a visiting professor in Entrepreneur Program, which will target business slated to appear in 1994, to coincide with 200th anniver–
the spring of 1994 and enroll two Ukrainian students needs to small and medium-size companies; and the sary commemorations of the wandering philosopher's
next fall. Citizen volunteer Program, which recruits teams of death.
Ukrainian American veteran Post 27 of Brooklyn, volunteers to participate in long-term institution-buildr The HUR1 celebrated its 20th anniversary (formally
N.Y., joined the aid to Ukraine bandwagon in І993 by ing projects such as public administration and higher established in January 1973) by filling several vacant
launching a training program for Ukrainian bankers and education. positions and announcing a major expansion of its pro-
lawyers at the American institute of Banking of Greater grams. Dr. Andrew Sorokowski became editor of the
New York. The program proposes bringing 60 Harvard Ukrainian Studies Journal in February, joining
Ukrainians with experience in banking and finance to
the U.S. for three weeks of intensive classroom study,
Scholarship in 1993: Dr. Lubomyr Hajda. appointed assistant HUR1 director,
in August 1992.
including meetings with officials from the largest U.S. Dr. Sorokowski oversaw the final stages of publica–
banks and visits to the New York and American Stock
Exchanges. The project is awaiting funding from the
explosion of activity tion of the 15th anniversary double issue of the HUSJ
which, among other topics, featured discussions of
Eurasia Foundation, a privately managed, non-profit, The "reform impulse" felt in 1992 had all but dissi– Ukrainian Modernism and the life, times and writings of
grant-making organization established in 1993 with pated after the shock of Prime Minister Leonid 16th century monk and polemicist 1 van vyshensky.
financing from USA1D. Kuchma's resignation and under the weight of compla– The Ukrainian Canadian School Board, Toronto
branch, continued its program of sponsoring visits of
A veteran of assistance to Ukraine projects, the Sabre cent "red directors." The resulting economic crisis
Ukrainian educators with the aim of acquainting them
Foundation of Cambridge, Mass., launched two projects affected education in a very real way in 1993, forcing
with southern Ontario's education system. This year's
in 1993. The first, underwritten by the William H. many institutions to roll back staff and programs drasti–
cally. program was organized by Nadia Luciw, principal of St.
Donner Foundation of New York, will translate and
publish basic business books into the Ukrainian lan– However, notwithstanding the deepening economic Sophia Ukrainian Catholic School, and Tania
Onyschuk, principal of the C. Palijiw Ukrainian
guage to assist the growing number of entrepreneurs and hardships and political fragmentation facing the country
in its second year of independence, on the education Cooperative School, and held February 19 to March 12.
small business people active in Ukraine. Sabre will
Three participants in the program were interviewed
coordinate the project and negotiate rights agreements front, Ukraine and Ukrainian studies experienced an
explosion of activity. by The Weekly in April, including Oksana Kurysh. an
with U.S. and British publishers while its Ukrainian
partner, Sabre-Svitlo, will beresponsiblefor translating, Joint programs conducted by Ukraine's individual inspector for the Ternopil Oblast Board of Education:
lvan Mytskaniuk, an alternative school principal from
editing, printing and distributing the books throughout teachers, academics and institutions with their counter-
ivano-Frankivske; and Svitlana Melnyk, principal of a
Ukraine. The books will cover basic economics, market– parts in neighboring states (including Russia) and the
high school (gymnasium) in Odessa. They gave their
ing, budgeting, finance and human resources and will be Western diaspora, flourished.
On January 9-Ю, a handful of academicians and par– views on topics ranging from teacher retraining to con-
published in 1994.
liamentarians of Ukraine and Russia met in Kyyiv to tending with the aftereffects of Russiffcation, to their
The second, the Scientific Assistance Project, will discuss topics such as the emerging trend of regionaliza– fascination with North America.
provide technical assistance and training in computer- tion in the two countries, the future of Ukraine's status in March, The Weekly carried a story about a course
available resources for selected institutions in Ukraine. as a nuclear power, and the psychological legacy of the in oral history and archival organization given by the
The project, funded by the National Endowment for
16 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY
1993: THE YEAR 1N REY1EW
director of the Toronto-based Ukrainian Canadian
Research and Documentation Centre (UCRDC), lroida
Wynnyckyj. Ms. Wynnyckyj organized two courses for
the fall 1992 semester at Lviv University. An agree–
ment for a wide-ranging project, known as "The Social,
Political and Cultural History of Ukraine in the 20th
Century, on the Basis of Oral Testimony of
Contemporaries," was signed by representatives of the
UCRDC and the institute of Historical Studies at Lviv
University. Work on the project will be conducted in
1993-1995.
Ms. Wynnyckyj's stay in Ukraine while setting up
the agreement enabled her to experience first-hand the
great change in approach to oral, archival and physical
evidence of historical events. She was given 32 docu–
ments found in Ukraine in a Ukrainian insurgent Army
(UPA) hideout that was discovered in 1976. Ms.
Wynnyckyj was also told that in 1993 all KGB archives
were scheduled to be opened.
in May, The Weekly carried an interview with
Yaroslav Hrytsak, director of the aforementioned insti–
tute. He spoke about the establishment of his institute,
whose mission of reform was put in motion and greatly
abetted by (among others) Prof. Roman Szporluk (ini–
tially of the Center for Russian and East European
Studies, CREES, at the University of Michigan, and
now Mykhailo Hrushevsky Professor of History at
Harvard) and Dr. Frank Sysyn (C1US and the Peter
Jacyk.Center for Historical Reasearch). Mr. Hrytsak
restated a position held by Prof. Motyl of Columbia,
saying that interest in Ukrainian historical studies is
becoming a factor in the post-Communist world.
in April, in Montreal, Dr. Lawrence A. Mysak, pro–
fessor in the Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic
Changes and founding director of McGill University's
Center for Climate and Global Change Research, was
elected to a three-year term as president of the 800-
member Academy of Science. This is the largest of the
three academies making up the Royal Society of Canada
(RSC), the country's national academy. A graduate of
University of Alberta, Adelaide University and Harvard,
Dr. Mysak was elected vice-president of the academy in
1991.
On May 1, Stanford University's CREES hosted a
conference on "Ukraine in the international Arena,"
attended by scholars from around the globe, including
CREES Director Prof. Alexander Dallin, Dr. Sysyn and
Prof. Olga Andriewsky from Canada, and Prof. Andrei
Kortunov. formerly of the Russian Academy of
Sciences, among others.
This conference was also the launching pad for a
paper delivered by Prof. John Mearsheimer, "Why
Ukraine Needs a Nuclear Deterrent." in stating his
case, Prof. Mearsheimer, a Harvard Ph.D. now at
Chicago University, drew analogies between U.S. and
Ukrainian security needs. With its divisive but fresh
(from a U.S. scholar) argument that political instability
was more likely if Russia was the sole owner of an
atomic arsenal, the paper was subsequently published in
the summer issue of the journal Foreign Affairs.
The summer, usually a time of academic quiescence
and student travels, in 1993 became a feverish hothouse.
The Royal Society of Canada and Ukraine's Academy
of Sciences (UAS) established a program entailing an
annual "exchange of scholars, it will parallel Canada's
existing bilateral relationships with the English, French,
Polish, ltalian and lndian scholarly communities.
After a four-year wait, the Sheptytsky institute of
Eastern" Christian Studies was formally registered at St.
Paul University in Ottawa on June l l . l t alsoreceiveda
Si million (Canadian) endowment from Peter and Doris
Kule of Edmonton.
Qnjune 16, Rutgers University President Francis L.
Lawrence and Kyyiv State University President viktor
Skopenko signed a five-year scholarly exchange agree–
ment. Both institutions have a rich tradition. The
eighth oldest post-secondary institution in the U.S.,
Rutgers was chartered as a college in 1766. initially
conceived as an instrument for the Russification of the
local school system, Kyyiv State became a hotbed of
revolutionary activity and national awakening. Officials
from both concurred that the partnership then formally
esffib"fijshed was "natural."
On June 22-27, the UAS co-sponsored an intemation–
al conference held at the Bogolyubov institute for
Theoretical Physics, attended by over 200 delegates.
Twenty of them were scholars from North America and
Europe. Among the issues discussed were the develop–
ment of science at a time of economic hardship and
reform (with many students opting for business cours–
es^, 'problems with the study of physics in Ukrainian
SUNDAY, DECEMBER 26,1993
(terminology, texts) and Ukraine's global standing in
the discipline.
in Cambridge, Mass., the HURJ conducted its 23rd
annual Harvard Ukrainian Summer institute, featuring
an intensive eight-week program of accredited universi–
ty instruction. As it has in recent years, this summer's
experiences for students included a theater workshop
led by Yara director virlana Tkacz, in which Ukraine's
popular Nina Hagen analog vika vradiy also participat–
ed.
Also at Harvard, on August 1-7, a one-week intensive
seminar for professionals interested in working and
investing in Ukraine was conducted at the HURl, with
instructors from the Harvard faculty, the C1US, the
RFE7RL Research institute, the Carnegie Endowment
for Peace and other institutions.
The Ukrainian American Educational Exchange
Association set up a program under which, from June 20
to August 25, 12 Ukrainian youths (age 16-18) visited
Washington and traveled to the Binghamton, N.Y., area
for language, culture and economics courses. During
the same period, 10 U.S. youths went to Cherkasy for a
similar array of activity. Coordinated by UAEEA
President Ronald Czebiniak, this program was made
possible by the "Bradley bill."
in Ukraine, the Kyyiv-Mohyla Academy conducted a
language program cum archaeological field study from
July 1 to August 20, as part of a summer program for
international students. Sites visited included Scythian
burial mounds in the Poltava region, Carpathian
fortresses and ancient settlements in the Crimea.
Thirteen students from the Sumy Oblast spent the
summer at Siena College in Loudonville, N.Y., as par–
ticipants of the upstate New York school's English as a
Second Language Teacher Training institute.
Sponsored by the Sumy Board of Education, Siena
College and Americans for Democracy in Ukraine, the
program was initiated by Lydia Tarnavsky, associate
professor of German at Siena College.
in the fall, the University of Kansas introduced a
master's program in Ukrainian language and area stud–
ies to complement its undergraduate curriculum, in
place since 1989. visiting faculty includes professors
from Lviv University.
A group of MBA students from Lviv studying at
Wayne State University (WSU) left for home in October
after their UNA–, Ukrainian Professional Society of
Philadelphia", and WSU-sponsored sojourn.
Ottawa University approved the creation of a Chair
of Ukrainian Studies, and Canada's Governor General,
Ramon John Hnatyshyn, agreed to become its honorary
patron. To be established as an autonomous unit of the
university's graduate school, the chair's basic endow–
ment was provided by Dr. Nadia iwachniuk and her
husband, Antin.
Without a doubt, the single most notable event in the
field of Ukrainian education and scholarship in 1993
No. 52
was the launching of the final three volumes of the
Encyclopedia of Ukraine (EU) on September 25. The
completed five-volume reference work represents a dis–
tillation of the work of at least three generations of
scholars, it was initiated as a Ukrainian-language pro–
ject by Prof, volodymyr Kubijovyc and the Shevchenko
Scientific Society (NTSh), and shepherded to its com–
pletion by Prof. Danylo Struk, the C1US and the
Canadian Foundation for Ukrainian Studies (CFUS).
The stately launch gala featured testimonials of ring–
ing praise for all involved from President Leonid
Kravchuk of Ukraine, Dr. Mykola Zhulynsky, deputy
prime minister for humanitarian affairs, the president of
the University of Toronto Press (the EU's publisher),
the vice-president of the University of Toronto (host
institution for the EU's editorial offices), the Ontario
provincial ministerial secretary for education and train–
ing, and other dignitaries.
it also brought together many who made it possible,
including Prof. Manoly Lupul and Peter Savaryn of
C1US (among the co-initiators of the English-language
project), the directors of the CFUS, Dr. Arkadiy
Zhukovsky and other NTSh officers and scholars, the
extensive and impressive editorial board and the hard-
working editorial staff. Those who did not attend were
mentioned or mourned in gratitude.
in New York, the NTSh in the U.S. conducted its fall
lecture series with an array of scholars and activists
from North America and Ukraine.
On October 8-9, York University hosted the confer–
ence "Ukraine: Two Years of independence," which
attracted over 125 participants who examined the crises
and successes in Ukraine's economic, social and politi–
cal life. Among them were Ukraine's minister of cul–
ture, ivan Dzyuba, Major Gen. Nicholas Krawciw (for–
mer high-ranking NATO commander), former Deputy
Prime Minister Prof, ihor Yukhnovsky and Levko
Lukianenko, outgoing Ukrainian ambassador to
Canada.
During the November 3-7 World Congress of
Ukrainians, a number of Ukrainian educators involved
in virtually all of the activities listed above held their
own conclaves, during which they discussed matters
such as correct approaches in the diaspora's assistance
to Ukraine and its changing nature, the function of
Ukraine in providing aid for the diaspora's struggle
against assimilation and the range of assistance that can
be provided.
in this way, consciously or not, they ushered in a new
era of endeavor in the sphere of Ukrainian education
and scholarship. As Dr. Sysyn put it during the press
conference prior to the official publication date of the
Encyclopedia of Ukraine, not only are Ukrainian studies
a matter of truly bilateral concern for Ukraine and its
diaspora, they are now a distinct field of interest that
will increasingly beckon non-Ukrainian scholars and
teachers.
NO. 52 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY
1993: THE YEAR 1N REY1EW
Much ado in sphereNew York on November 30.
" Eighteen-year-old pianist Alex Slobodyanik
opened the 1994 Young Concert Artists Series on
of cultural activity theNovember 16 at the 92nd Street Y's Tisch Center for
Arts, with his New York recital. Mr. Slobodyanik
inreviewingthe over-all cultural scene, while not–
ing marks of distinction in various areas, it is perhaps in
the field of music that one continues to observe the
highest level of performance and a marked sense of
vitality.
' One of the finest choirs in the world, the
Shchedryk children's choir from Kyyiv, under the direc–
tion of irena Sablina, was on its third North American
tour, returning to Des Moines, lowa, for a series of con-
certs with performances in 15 other midwestern cities,
in existence since 1971, the world-class choir has
become noted for its sublime music, professionalism
and diverse repertoire. Having won the grand prix in
vancouver in 1992 in competition against 38 adult,
chamber and youth choruses, Shchedryk also took the
grand prize at the international children's choir competi–
tion held in Des Moines this year and previously, in
1991.
я The piano world took "instant notice" of the
Kyyiv-born piano duo of valentyna Lysytsia and
Oleksiy Kuznetsov as occasioned by the pianists' con-
cert at the,Ukrainian institute of Modern Art on
February 14. The concert received very favorable
reviews by music critic John von Rhein of the Chicago
Tribune. The duo-pianists, 1991 graduates of the Kyyiv
Conservatory, have a string of competition victories in
Ukraine and Western Europe and first prize and com–
mendations at the 1991 Dranoff international Two-
Piano Competition in Florida.
' The Leontovych String Quartet's performance at
The Frick Collection on February 7, in a program of
works by Shostakovich, Tchaikovsky and Haydn, was
reviewed favorably by The New York Times music crit–
ic Allan Kozinn. The quartet's musicians, who have
been playing since 1971, are Yuri Mazurkevich and
Yuri Kharenko, violinists; Boris Deviatov, violist; and
volodymyr Panteleyev, cellist.
' Teodor Kuchar, a native of the U.S. of Ukrainian
origin, was appointed principal guest conductor of the
Ukrainian State Symphony Orchestra in Kyyiv. This
marked a milestone in that country's musical history in
that for the first time an individual from the West had
been given a high-ranking post in the field. Mr.
Kuchar's debut was at the Kyyiv Music Fest '92 as con–
ductor of the Kyyiv Opera Orchestra. Mr. Kuchar, artis–
tic director of the Australian Festival of Chamber
Music, is a violist with positions with the Philharmonic
Orchestra of Queensland in Brisbane, and the West
Australian Ballet in Perth.
' The Ohio Boychoir, whose director, Alexander
Musichuk, and five of the chorus's members are of
Ukrainian background, performed along with world
acclaimed singers and a select group of musicians and
performing art groups in Paul McCartney's "Liverpool
Oratorio" on May 28 at the Palace Theater in Cleveland.
' Two Ukrainian soloists, tenor volodymyr Hryshko
of the Shevchenko State Theater of Opera and Ballet in
Kyyiv and soprano Oksana Krovytska of the Lviv
Philharmonic, appeared with the New York City Opera
as debut artists this season. Mr. Hryshko (listed as
viadimir Grishko) appeared as Ruggiero in "La
Rondine" and as Rodolfo in "La Boheme." This fall,
Mr. Hryshko appeared as Lykov in the Washington
Opera's production of Rimsky-Korsakov's "The Tsar's
Bride." in February, Ms. Krovytska sang Rossini's
"Stabat Mater'vwith the Choral Arts Society of
Washington at the Kennedy Center.
' The concert "Lviv: 100 Years of Music," featur–
ing a quintet of musicians from Ukraine — Yuriy
Laniuk, cello, Bohdan Kaskiv, violin, Anna
Klymashivska, piano, and valeriy Buimister, a baritone
- under the direction of composer Myrosiav Skoryk ,
was presented as part of the group's concert tour of
the U.S. and Canada from August 22 to October 5.
The concert program, dedicated to works by Lviv corn-
posers of the last 100 years, featured works by
Nyzhankivsky, Barvinsky, Liudkevych, Kos–
Anatolsky, Kotessa, Sonevytsky, Skoryk and Laniuk.
t The Odessa Philharmonic Orchestra, under the
direction of Hobart Earle, was on its first tour of the U.S
in November. Mr. Earle was the first U.S. citizen to be
named music director and principal conductor of an
orchestra in the former Soviet Union. The Odessa
Philharmonic Orchestra's U.S. tour included two perfor–
mances on the East Coast: at Richardson Hall at
Princeton on November 22, and at Carnegie Hall in
SUNDAY, DECEMBER 26,1993 17
"^ --– . ;:
will be presented as part of the series at the Kennedy
Center in Washington on February 28. 1994. in 1990,
at age 1S, Mr. Slobodyanik became the youngest pianist
ever to win the Young Concert Artists international
auditions. Of Ukrainian-Russian parentage, Mr.
Slobodyanik started piano lessons with his mother,
Natalia, at the age of 6. He is the son of renowned
concert pianist Alexander Slobodyanik.
' The Kyyiv Chamber Orchestra, under the direc–
tion of Roman Kaufman, had its New York appearance
at the Ukrainian institute of America on December 11.
The 20 or so musicians, with pianist Daria Telizyn,
appeared in concert in a program of works by Bach,
Schnittke, Mahler, Bibyk and Rossini.
' "Famine-33," director Oles Yanchuk's full-length
feature film, which recreates the horrors of the man-
made famine of 1932-1933 in Ukraine, was shown dur–
ing the last two weeks of December in New York at the
internationally famous Film Forum.
- The Yara Arts Group's production of "Blind Sight"
opened on April 15 at La Mama Experimental Theater
Company in New York. Co-authored by Wanda Phipps,
Yara director virlana Tkacz and Watoku Ueno, the play is
based on the early life and travels of vasyl Yeroshenko, a
blind world-traveling writer, virtually unknown in his own
country, but celebrated in the Far East.
' The Kashtan School of Ukrainian Dance of Ukraine's antiquity: a Trypillian artifact
Parma, Ohio, celebrated its 15th season this year under that 1993 was an unprecedented year in terms of
the direction of its new artistic director, 21-year-old Ukraine's participation in international cultural life.
James Basso. Mr. Basso replaced David Woznak, the Apart from acclaim accorded to talented young musi–
troupe's former artistic director under whose co-direc– cians at international competitions, Mr. Dzyuba referred
tion Kashtan has risen to distinction as one of to several very successful art exhibits, among them, the
American's top Ukrainian dance ensembles.
"Gold of Ukraine" exhibition held in vienna and
' The "Spiritual Legacy of Ukraine" exhibit, featur– Edinburgh, and the "Ukrainian Avant Garde" exhibit
ing the work of Leonid Mohuchov of Chemihiv, was on held in Munich, vienna and Toulouse. He also noted the
tour March 25-May 11 with showings in Montreal. participation of the Pompidou Center in Paris in an
Ottawa, Hamilton and Toronto. Mr. Mohuchov's water- upcoming centennial celebration of the birth of film
color drawings of ancient churches and monasteries, as director Oleksander Dovzhenko.
well as cultural and historical monuments, many of
in Ukraine, President Leonid Kravchuk in
which were destroyed in the period 1948-1986, consti– November released a "Statement on the Return of
tute a documentary history of Ukraine's rich cultural National Cultural Treasures." Addressing the issue of
and spiritual heritage. The exhibit was sponsored by the thereclamationof cultural property, the statement notes
Embassy of Ukraine in Canada and the Ukrainian that in light of Ukraine's independence spiritual revival,
Society for the Preservation of Historical and Cultural and historical and national self-awareness, there is a
Monuments.
need to assess actual losses in the historical and cultural
' An exhibition of contemporary art from Ukraine, field, register architectural monuments and works of art,
titled "The Steppes of Europe," was held at the Warsaw and historical, religious and cultural treasures found in
Center for Contemporary Art, October 1-November 5. other countries, and most importantly, study the possi–
The exhibition, organized and curated by Jurij Onuch, bility of the return of cultural property illegally removed
the Toronto-based performance artist who in the 1980s from Ukraine. The statement ends with the proposal that
was an active member of the artistic avant garde in an international conference, under the aegis of
Warsaw, included some 50 works, mostly paintings but UNESCO, be held in Kyyiv to address "the problem of
also sculpture-installation, mixed media and video by 12 the return of national, cultural and artistic artifacts lost
artists living and working in Ukraine. The exhibit was or replaced during World War 11."
sponsored by the Polish Ministry of Culture and the
Stepan Batory (Soros) Foundation in Warsaw.
' Contemporary art from Ukraine by 20 artists, all
former members of the Artists' Union of Ukraine, was
held October 6-28 at the Z Gallery in SoHo in New "Biznes" in Ukraine:
York.
' A unique archaeological exhibit "Ukraine —
images from 5000 to 4000 B.C.: Treasures of the
growth slows down
Trypillian Culture," which premiered in Kyyiv at the Business in Ukraine increased, but at a slower rale
Pavlo Tychyna Memorial Museum of Literature in May than in 1992 for several reasons. The value of the kar–
on the occasion of the centennial of the discovery of bovanets continued to sink, hitting a value of 40,000
Trypillian culture, subsequently traveled from Ukraine kbv to the U.S. dollar in mid-December before it
to Washington, where it was on view at the international rebounded. Unlike 1992, the new Western enterprises
Monetary Fund visitor's Center in September, it was on venturing into a young Ukraine slowed to a trickle.
view also at The Ukrainian Museum in New York, Most companies just did not see a promising business
where it opened on October 24. The exhibition fea– environment in a country that could not organize its
tured over 160 archaeological artifacts from the economy and dedicate itself to free-market principles.
Trypillian culture. But the bolder investors did post their shingles and
" The Ukrainian Museum in New York entered the claim their stakes, which in at least one case led to dis–
second phase of an intensified fund-raising campaign aster. Other stories, and there were several, were much
with the goal of raising half of the estimated S3-3.5 mil- happier.
lion needed for the building of a new spacious structure
to house the museum in its recently acquired East Sixth The first formal meeting of Junior Achievement-
Street property. As a result of the community's positive Ukraine's newly elected board of directors in January
response, the UM's building fund topped the Si million signaled the successful beginning of the popujar organi–
mark. The UM's "Year of Development" campaign cul– zation's work in Ukraine exposing young people to
minated with a gala luncheon at The Waldorf-Astoria on Western business practices. Two Ukrainian Americans,
December 5, at which the guest of honor and keynote Oksana Kurowyckyj of New Y!ork and Orest
speaker was ivan Dzyuba, minister of culture of Komarnyckyj of Phoenix, Arizona, were responsible for
Ukraine. spearheading the effort to organize toe group in
І ' in a general assessment of the contemporary cul– Ukraine, overcoming initial desires by JA international
tural scene in Ukraine, Minister of Culture ivan Dzyuba to locate the center in Moscow as a central office for all
noted (at The UM luncheon at The Waldorf-Astoria) of the former Soviet Union. Besides a good amount of
 18
1993: THE YEAR 1N REviEW
satisfaction, the two also got a marriage out of the deal.
A pizza purveyor went after Lviv's palates with the
opening of the first pizza emporium in Lviv in April.
Orest Jejna decided that the business he wanted to enter
in Ukraine was pizza-making because he wanted pizza to
be affordable to all. "We hope it's a bit of an exposure to
Western living," he said. "How many times on a Saturday
night did our parents say, 'Let's order a pizza"?"
Mr. Jejna's company, Jemar international, bought 70
percent of a local sandwich shop and then sold 30 per–
cent of the shares to the six employees. He made his
father his store manager.
Another business venture in Lviv has met with sever–
al tragedies after initially experiencing success. The
G r a n d Hotel was the first major i n v e s t m e n t by
Ukrainian Americans in western Ukraine, its owner.
Marta Fedoriw, had sunk 5600,000 into renovating a
building in Lviv and turning it into a world-class luxury
hotel. But then her relative and hotel manager, Bohdan
Melnychuk, was shot dead walking the street with his
wife, who was the hotel's chief accountant. She was
injured. Some suspect investor problems with the hotel
may have had something to do with the shootings.
After the death, a libel suit was filed against Ms.
Fedoriw in a Lviv court to add to her troubles. She has
also faced problems with a partner who claims he is
now the majority owner and at one point had moved
into Ms. Fedoriw's offices in Lviv.
Another controversy was stirred by the largest ever
Ukrainian trade show on American soil in December
1992, held at the Sands Exposition and Conference
C e n t e r in Las v e g a s . A t t e n d e e s and p a r t i c i p a n t s
bemoaned the fact that much of the convention's business
was carried out in the Russian language. Others ques–
tioned why the show was held in Las vegas, far from
Ukrainian American enclaves generally found in the
Midwest and the East. Comments were also made about
the scant advertising in U.S. trade journals that some said
was the reason for the lower-than-hoped-for turnout.
More business news flowed from Lviv as 1993 wore
on when on February 20 the post-Communist society of
Ukraine witnessed its first ever privatization auction
with the selling off of 17 small business at a total cost of
S39O.000 (U.S.) - 20 times the amount the local
authorities had expected. Nine of the 17 winners were
employees or workers' collectives.
Five days later the first large-scale privatization of a
government-owned enterprise took place with the sell–
ing of an Odessa meat conglomerate. "We think that
leasing and the collective form of ownership are not the
most efficient; we've had this for many years in our
society. Many enterprises have finally understood that
the next step is corporalization," said v o l o d y m y r
Priadko, c h a i r m a n of the State Property Fund of
Ukraine. The effort never really gathered much momen–
tum and the collective form of ownership remains, and
so does Mr. Priadko as chairman of the Property Fund.
Ukraine's airline industry, although still government-
owned, did take-off, when Air Ukraine joined with the
world's largest aircraft leasing company to expand its
European market, and on April 9 secured a license to fly
into the United States. Until then it had maintained rela–
tions with Russia's Aeroflot, allowing it entry into the
U.S., although the two airlines had broken most links in
December 1991. Guinness Peat Aviation is leasing two
Boeing 737-400s and is a partner in the newly formed
Air Ukraine international, considered Air Ukraine's off-
spring. GPA controls seven percent of Air Ukraine
international.
, By November, Air Ukraine had set up a New York
r headquarters on posh Fifth Avenue in Manhattan for its
marketing division and U.S. operation.
- Giant agricultural conglomerate Archer Daniels
Midland inc. announced on April 19 that it had signed a
contract to deliver S100 million of soybean protein, soy-
based milk p o w d e r and other food i n g r e d i e n t s to
Ukraine. The contract signed with ATON, a leading pri–
yate enterprise in the former republic that operates in
the construction, agribusiness and retail food sectors.
Called for delivery of the products through the first quar–
ter of 1994. Archer Daniels Midland is a leading multi-
national buyer, processor and exporter of grain.
But while food in Ukraine was becoming more plenti–
ful, it was also increasingly more expensive, as was
everything else. By June this included Ukraine's intema–
tional phone rates, which skyrocketed 5,000 percent on
June 1. Calls to North America that until then had cost a
mere 150 kbv a minute jumped to S2.50 per minute,
- - while calls to Western Europe rose to S1.50 a minute.
But the increasing cost of doing business in Ukraine
did not stop the U.S. Chamber of Commerce from cele–
T H E UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 26,1993 No. 52
brating its first anniversary in Kyyiv on July 3, in the
last year, the Chamber has hosted 16 American congres–
- --- -'--
sional representatives, co-sponsored a benefit for the
Ukrainian Art Museum and held seminars and monthly
meetings on dozens of business-related topics, it also
continued to make doing business in Ukraine a little
easier for Americans.
Several firms took the plunge into the Ukrainian mar–
ketplace, including Benetton or italy, famous for its
knitwear, and Seagrams inc. of Canada, whose gilded
Madison Avenue-like store became a must-see for
Kyyivans soon after its summer opening.
One person who believes privatization and free enter-
prise can take hold in Ukraine, but couldn't seem to
convince his prime minister and was forced to resign
before year's end as a result, spoke before the biennial
convention of the Canadian Professional and Business
Federation. Former Deputy Prime Minister and Minister
of the Economy viktor Pynzenyk, who still held the
post at the time of his Winnipeg appearance, said some
privatization had taken place in Ukraine, including
19,000 plots of land. He said entrepreneurs could start
up a business in Ukraine for as little as S19.
But at least one U.S. educator. Dr. Myron Kuropas,
an adjunct professor at Northern illinois University, dis–
agreed. He claimed that every business should have ade–
quate risk capital before investing in this economically
underdeveloped country. For several weeks after, he and
Dr. Bohdan Hawrylyshyn of Ukraine's international
Management institute debated Ukraine's business cli–
mate on the pages of The Weekly.
Several E u r o p e a n firms s h o w e d c o n f i d e n c e in Bemedalled champion shotputter Oleksander
Ukraine's business climate, signing a contract to bring Klymenko at the World University Games in
high-tech toys into a country whose buying power was Buffalo.
shrinking rapidly. The German telephone company,
Deutsche Bundespost Telekom, joined Telekom also won at the Ukrainian national championships on
Denmark and PTT Telekom of the Netherlands in a December 18, where European champion Dmytro
joint venture with Ukraine that would bring a mobile Dmytrenko placed second.
phone communication system into the country. The At the world gymnastics championships in April,
rates were to be set at 40 cents per minute and 80 cents Hryhoriy Misiutyn took the gold in the floor exercise,
at peak hours. The installation charge was set at S450. ihor Korobchynsky took silver in parallel bars. Tetiana
Lysenko took gold in the vault, winning bronze in the
Another European joint venture was announced on
over-all competition.
September 14 to build an oil terminal in Odessa that
1993 was the first year that Ukraine's track and field
would handle 40 billion tons of crude annually. The
athletes competed under their own flag as an indepen–
contract is believed to be worth Si30 million to Si50
dent team in an international event. The first such event
million annually.
was the international Amateur Athletic Federation's
A S 152,732 grant from the United States information
World indoor Championships, held in Toronto on
Agency allowed Rensselaer P o l y t e c h n i c institute
March 12-14. inessa Kravets of Dnipropetrovske
researchers to continue setting up business incubators in
brought the point home with a world record triple jump,
Kyyiv and Lviv, which will study how to expand busi–
leading a 13-member contingent that won five medals
ness in Ukraine.
(her gold and four bronze).
On September 25, an association which has the
A fuller slate of athletes was fielded at the World
p o t e n t i a l for r e l e a s i n g m u c h - n e e d e d c r e d i t into
University Games in Buffalo, held from July 8 to 18.
Ukraine, held its inaugural conference in Kyyiv. The
P o w e r e d by U k r a i n e ' s great depth in m e n ' s and
Credit Unions of Ukraine conference was attended by
women's gymnastics and good showings in swimming,
now ex-Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of the
diving, fencing and athletics, the team's 26 medals (11
Economy Pynzenyk and bankers from Ukraine, the
gold, six silver, nine bronze) earned it sixth place. Ms.
U.S. and Canada. There it was noted that President
Lysenko took gold in the over-all gymnastics competi–
Leonid Kravchuk had recently issued a directive on
tion and expressed satisfaction that she was able to do it
credit unions that would give their efforts a legislative
for her newly independent country. Other standouts
base.
included Oleksander Klymenko in shotput and Serhiy
Holubytsky in fencing.
valeriy Borzov, Ukraine's minister of sport and for–
Ukraine's rookie mer Olympic track star, accompanied the contingent
and traveled to Atlanta to inspect the facilities being
prepared for the 1996 Summer Olympiad. Mr. Borzov
sports season met with Larissa Barabash Temple, head of the Atlanta
Ukrainian Olympic Committee, established in April and
Since it had still not fully joined the world of intema– given formal status as a foreign representation of the
tional sports in 1992 and because of a remarkable run of Ukrainian Olympic Committee.
good luck, Ukraine's competitors enjoyed a very suc– Donetske's world-beating pole vaulter Serhiy Bubka
cessful rookie season in 1993. had a relatively quiet year, but did set a U.S. outdoor
The most spectacular example of good fortune was record in May. He also won at the World Track and
the sudden and brilliant emergence of Oksana Baiul as Field Championships in Stuttgart (August 12-22), his
the supernova of Figure skating. Essentially adopted by fourth world title, in itself a record.
her coach, Odessa's Halyna Zmiyevska, Ms. Baiul's Zhanna Tarnopolska dominated the Grand Prix cir–
verve, fluidity, grace and an incredible ability to per– cuit in the 200 and 400 meters, consistently placing in
form despite injuries and equipment problems, charmed the top five in every race, but at the Worlds did not
judges and sportswriters alike, catapulting her into the make it past the semi-finals. However, v i t a l i y
world spotlight. Kyrylenko took third in the long jump and Larysa
After finishing third at the European championships Berezhnaya placed second in the event.
in Helsinki in January, Ms. Baiul took the Worlds by The Ukrainian Olympic effort got another boost
storm with her performance in Prague in March and when Adidas, the German-based sporting equipment
then toured North America with an exhibition slate of company, agreed in October to supply the team with
champions that included viktor Petrenko, the 1992 gear at both the Winter and Summer Olympics.
Olympic champion, who is also coached by Ms. However, the effort suffered a potentially disastrous
Zmiyevska. setback when Tetiana Dorovskykh, one of the world's
Later in the year, with amateur status restored to Mr. greatest middle distance runners, and Liudmyla
Petrenko, the two skaters performed well in pre-1994 Dzhigalova, a 400-meter relay gold medalist at the
Olympic tune-ups, both placing first at the Skate Barcelona Olympics, were hit with bans for steroid use.
America competition in Dallas on October 24. They Pennilessness is usually a considerable drawback in
 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY
Ю: THE YEAR Щ REY1EW
yachting, a sport of kings, but in the Odessa's case, it
seemed to bring Captain Anatoliy verba, the crew and
the vessel a strange kind of charm, it was sufficient, at
any rate, to draw sponsorship from Ted Turner Jr., the
media magnate's son, and interest from the media in
Florida and the widely read Sports illustrated and even
NBC's "Good Morning America" program.
Sufficient funds were raised in time for the Odessa to
make the start of the Whitbread -round the world race,
which began in England on September 25. it was joined
at the starting line by another entry from Ukraine, giv–
ing the country two ships out of a field of 14, the
Herman, captained by Yevhen Platon and plagued with
similar financial difficulties.
Ukraine's junior women's volleyball squad made
waves around the world, placing second to Cuba at the
international championships in Brasilia, and repeating
the feat later in the year.
in tennis, Greg Rusedski of Pointe Claire, a suburb of
Montreal, Quebec, became the first Canadian player in
14 years to win a tournament on the Association of
Tennis Professionals tour, when he captured the
Newport Hall of Fame Championship in July. Andrei
Medvedev, an ethnic Russian born in Kyyiv, rose as
high as eighth in the world men's tennis ranking, reach–
ing the semi-finals of the French Open and sounding
off, unfavorably, about the changes in his country and
about his dislike for being referred to as "Ukrainian."
viadimir Poulnikov put in a strong performance for
the Carrera Jeans-Tassoni team in the Tour de France
cycling competition, but sagged in the late going and
finished 27th. Nevertheless, he enjoyed a strong season,
and placed as high as 12th over-all during the race.
Ukraine entered four competitors in the World Judo
Championships held from September 30 to October 3 in
Hamilton, Ontario. Mr. Mashurenko made it to the
finals of a repechage round, which earned him fifth
place in the 86 kg class.
On the whole, Ukraine showed considerable promise
in sports this year, but the storm clouds are gathering.
Minister Borzov warned about "funding fatigue" that is
sapping the country's strength in athletics and said the
country's sports infrastructure faces many obstacles.
After this year, Ukraine's fans should brace themselves
for a sophomore slump.
The UNA: from one
centennial to the next
The Ukrainian National Association was a regular
beehive of activity this past year. The organization,
which celebrates its 100th anniversary in 1994, contin–
ued its century-old tradition of working with Ukrainian
communities throughout the North American continent.
The year also saw the continuation of UNA efforts at
helping Ukraine help itself.
in the past several years the UNA has focused heav–
ily on expanding educational opportunities for
Ukraine's people. Just as many U.S. leaders have lately
preferred the concept of "empowerment" over tradition–
al forms of public assistance, so has the UNA proceed–
ed in directing assistance to the old country.
The foremost example is the UNA'S "Teaching
English in Ukraine" program, which over the past two
years has exposed over 2,000 Ukrainians of varying
ages and all walks of life to instruction in English. This
year the program, conducted jointly with the Prosvita
Society, sent 82 individuals from throughout the U.S.
and Canada to 18 oblasts and 40 cities and towns in
Ukraine to teach four–, six– and eight-week courses at
all levels of ability.
To underscore the diverse nature of the instructors,
there was even a participant from the West African
country of Ghana. Forty-four percent of the program's
instructors were professional teachers on summer leave;
the remaining instructors came from the ranks of col–
lege students, professionals, businesspersons and
retirees. Some 21 percent of all instructors were under
age 25, while 23 percent were second-year participants,
having taught in summer 1992.
Prior to their departure for Ukraine, many partici–
pants attended a preparatory seminar at the UNA Home
Office in late April. There they took part in lectures and
discussions with leading Ukrainian American ESL pro–
fessors concerning effective teaching methods, while
Dr. Zirka voronka, the program director, provided a
conceptual framework.
As more than half of all instructors were not profes–
SUNDAY, DECEMBER 26,1993 19
sional teachers, non-traditional and informal methods of Buffalo, N.Y.; S5.000 for Columbia University's planned
teaching were often stressed, the fruits of which were expansion of Ukrainian language instruction. Arid mere
most unusually displayed when, in one case, a second- were many more examples of the UNA's support forwor–
year instructor (a repeat from 1992) was presented with thy projects in North America and beyond
a play (in English, naturally) composed by her 1992 stu– The UNA has instituted new term and universal life
dents, upon her return to Ukraine this year. All the insurance policies, many of which are proving quite popu–
instructor-participants sought to expose their pupils to lar. As of July 30, the UNA had paid out over Si million in
different, critical ways of thinking, to imbue them with dividends in 1993 alone. This was the 61st consecutive
a sense of Western individualism, to build trust between year of dividend payouts, a not unimpressive achievement,
diaspora and "native" Ukrainians, according to Oksana considering the shoals and undertows of the U.S. financial
Trytjak, program coordinator. Teaching English in services industry over the years.
Ukraine now heads into its third year with an excellent in the last week of May, the UNA Supreme
track record. Assembly held its annual conclave at Soyuzivka. in the
The UNA was a co-sponsor with the George Soros- midst of innumerable committee reports and discus–
funded Renaissance Foundation of a university-level sions, that deliberative body developed, and subsequent–
ESL program at the Kyyiv Pedagogical institute. Ten ly published a number of resolutions covering all facets
highly qualified teachers from the U.S. taught two levels of UNA activity. Perhaps most important was the
of courses to some 120 English teachers in Ukraine. The Supreme Assembly's approval of a draft of new b,y-laws
program aimed to raise the teaching qualifications of the that will take the UNA into the 21st century. The draft
students and to introduce them to the latest instructional will be acted upon by the UNA's centennial convention,
methodologies. The UNA funded the program to the to take place next year in May in Pittsburgh.
tune of Si6,000 and the Renaissance Foundation provid– On a sad note. May 22 saw the passing of longtime
ed a matching grant. Establishment of a special ESL UNA activist John Hewryk. Mr. Hewryk was the
resource center is planned for the institute. This center supreme director for Canada, as well as a supreme audi–
will be available for use by other Ukrainian teachers, the tor. in his long years as secretary of Branch 445 in
U.S. and British Embassies, the Peace Corps and other Winnipeg, Mr. Hewryk enrolled over 500 members into
foreign and Ukrainian organizations. the UNA. John Hewryk was 75.
August 1-14 were busy days at Soyuzivka for those The UNA Seniors gathered for their annual confer–
taking part in the Teachers' Seminar organized by the ence at Soyuzivka on June 13-18. Gene Woloshyn was
Educational Council of the UCCA. Dr. Eugene re-elected to lead the group. The week featured both
Fedorenko led the two-week refresher program for working meetings and informal get-togethers. The
teachers at Schools of Ukrainian Studies throughout the emphasis was on the contribution of seniors to the
U.S. The annual seminar has proven useful in updating Ukrainian communities of North America and on estab–
teaching methods and scholarship in the country's lishing new contacts among each other.
"Ridni Shkoly." The UNA Washington Office was bolstered by the
1993 marked the 100th anniversary of the founding arrival of Xenia Ponomarenko. Ms. Ponomarenko, the
of Svoboda, the UNA's Ukrainian-language daily. On new assistant director, graduated with a J.D. from the
September 26 at the UNA Home Office, the staff of the Columbus School of Law at the Catholic University.
paper, which was founded in 1893 by Ukrainian emigre Her legal education and experience have introduced a
activist the Rev. Hryhoriy Hrushka to serve the new element into the workings of the office, which con-
Ukrainian immigrant wave of the 1890s, hosted an ducts lobbying and political liaison between the
afternoon of reflection and celebration, various UNA Beltway and the Ukrainian community. :
and community luminaries were present, as well as At its June meeting, the Scholarship Committee con–
Ukraine's Consul General volodymyr Kryzhanivsky tinued the UNA'S long-standing tradition of supporting
and Jersey City Mayor Bret Schundler. in addition to deserving college students. The committee approved
congratulatory statements from within and without the Si 16,300 in scholarships. These were promptly dis–
Ukrainian community, the afternoon featured a musical bursed to 230 students. The scholarships ranged in
program, cocktails and, of course, a huge birthday cake. value from S300 to Si,500.
The editors of Svoboda released the 83rd Almanac of Last, but most certainly not least, Soyuzivka had yet
the UNA, dedicated to the 100th anniversary of this pio– another smashing season. This haven for Ukes hosted its
neering newspaper. Edited by Svoboda's Editor-in- 40th anniversary season with aplomb and to-do, particu–
Chief Zenon Snylyk and Editor Liudmyla Wolanska, larly during the Fourth of July and Labor Day weekend
the almanac contains a look back at Svoboda's history. festivities. August saw the crowning of Miss Soyuzivka
Through the written word of all previous editors-in- 1994. The winner was Adrianna Melnyk of New Haven,
chief and countless other employees and contributors, Conn, incidentally, Ms. Melnyk, a student at Columbia
the tome provides a spotlight on the paper's role over University, took part in this year's Teaching English in
the years as a leading voice of the Ukrainian American Ukraine program. She hopes to become a journalist.
and Ukrainian Canadian communities. The cover art for Thus, 1993 was a busy year for the UNA, All eyes
the almanac was executed by Bohdan Tytla. are now cast upon 1994 and the 100th anniversary of
The year also marked the 60th anniversary of The this venerable organization. More on that in the new
Ukrainian Weekly, the UNA's English-language newspa– year.
per — though definitely not the
"anhlomovna Svoboda" as some
people mistakenly refer to it. The
Weekly's anniversary was marked
in a low-key fashion during 1993
(see section titled "Meanwhile,
here at The Weekly"), as even the
UNA Almanac forgot there was
another anniversary to celebrate.
But, look for a special Weekly
anniversary section in that annual
publication's 1994 edition.
Several times throughout the
year, the UNA Supreme
Executive Committee met to
review, assess and adjust various
facets of UNA activities. The
committee approved a large num–
ber of grants to what were deemed
worthy endeavors. Among these
were: a S5.000 grant for a project
proposed by Col. ivan Bilas of
Ukraine—a book on Soviet politi–
cal terror, 1918-1950; S2,000 to
support a conference of Ukrainian
and U.S. political leaders, held
under the auspices of LaSalle
University and the University of
Pennsylvania; 55,000 to support
Ukraine's athletes competing at Gathered to mark the Svoboda centennial: editorial staff members of
the World University Games in the pioneering newspaper.
20 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY - SUNDAY, DECEMBER 26,1993
1993: THE YEAR 1N REY1EW
Worth noting.
' The February 22 issue of Time magazine featured a
story written by Lance Morrow about rape as an instru–
ment of war. !t caused quite a stir in the Ukrainian com–
munity and put much pressure on Time, which finally
printed an explanation and a partial retraction. A Time
photo editor had seen fit to include a photograph with
the story that shows a crying adolescent girl sitting nude
on a city street being embraced by an older woman. The
caption, which read 'Traditions of atrocity: A Jewish
girl raped by Ukrainians in Lvov, Poland, in 1945,"
angered Ukrainians and sent a deluge of protest mail
flowing into Time headquarters. Diplomats, such as
Counselor Andrij veselovsky of Ukraine's Embassy in
Canada, scholars, such as Prof. Danylo Husar Struk,
journalists and citizens vented their protests to the con–
jecture within and the inaccuracy of the caption. Finally
on April 19, Time wrote that more than 750 pieces of
mail had flooded the editorial offices of the magazine.
The retraction went on to say, "there is enough confu–
sion about (the origin of the photo) for us to regret that
our caption, in addition to misdating the picture, may
well have conveyed a false impression."
' A guide to assist the curious who increasingly jetted
to this newly independent and still mysterious country
called Ukraine was published the first week of February.
The section on Ukraine in "Birnbaum's Eastern Europe
1993" was written by New York-based free-lance jour–
nalist Roman Czajkowsky. Kyyiv, which receives 20
pages of coverage, and Odessa, with 12, are highlighted.
The guide also provides a brief section on the Crimea.
The Washington Post, The New York Times and the Los
Angeles Times all gave it favorable reviews.
' The Ukrainian American Nautical Association was
founded in 1993 after 13 Ukrainian American profes–
sionals spent a week sailing in the blistering heat of the
British virgin islands. They came back with the idea
that sailing could bring Ukrainian Americans closer
together. The group hopes the bonds and closer ties
developed through sailing might ultimately be put to
service for the benefit of the Ukrainian American com–
munity at large. The group plans to organize a
Caribbean regatta in 1994 and to publish a newsletter.
- The World Federation of Ukrainian Women's
Organization (WFUWO) received consultative status at
the United Nations on March 23, the first-ever such
Ukrainian organization to do so. The U.N. Economic
and Social Council, which accepted the WFUWO,
expressed its support for the work the group has done in
Eastern Europe and Ukraine. The new status will allow
the WFUWO a more active role at the U.N. and in the
work of the ECOSOC, which comprises organizations
such as the World Health Organization, the international
Monetary Fund and UNESCO.
' Seven Ukrainian business7professional organiza–
tions held talks on April 3 regarding establishment of a
nationwide federation. Representatives from groups in
Boston, Chicago, Detroit, New York7New Jersey,
Philadelphia. Rochester and Washington met in East
Hanover, N.J., and listened to Eugene Zalucky, an exec–
utive of the National Council of Ethnic Canadian
Business and Professional Associations. By the time of
The Washington Group's Leadership Conference in
October, Buffalo and Pittsburgh had decided to become
involved. The target date for the launch of a national
federation is February 1994.
' About 700 veterans of the World War 11 army divi–
sion "Halychyna" along with family members and
friends, gathered in Lviv beginning on August 14 for a
Ю-фу commemoration marking the 50th anniversary of
its formation within the Waffen SS.
Celebrants from the diaspora and Ukraine expressed
vindication and satisfaction that the fight against Soviet
communism finally had succeeded. The military unit
had' been organized under the German General
Government, which was the occupier in Ukraine at the
time. Ukrainians who had agreed to form the Galicia
Division had exacted several demands from the
Germans, one being that they would fight only their
Soviet oppressors and the other that they would not take
an oath of allegiance to Germany.
Earlier in the year, Wolf-Dietrich Heike's, "The
Ukrainian Division 'Galicia,' 1943-1945" entered a sec–
ond printing in commemoration of the division's jubilee.
r
' Historic Preservation, a publication of the National
Trust for Historic Preservation in Washington, in its
MarchSApril issue carried a feature article titled
"lj^rainian Dawn" by architect Arnold Burke, executive
еЗног of Historic Preservation News. The article
described Ukraine's architectural heritage and offered
an overview on Ukraine's history and culture.
' Nashe Zhyttia (Our Life) celebrated its 50th anniver–
sary on April 4 at the Ukrainian National Home in New
York. The magazine, published by the Ukrainian
National Women's League of America, was first pub–
lished in Philadelphia and moved to New York in 1974.
' iryna Kurowyckyj was unanimously elected presi–
dent of the National Council of WomenAJ.S.A. She had
been the representative of the Ukrainian National
Women's League of America until her election and had
served as first vice-president of the NCW. The National
Council of Women is the oldest women's organization
in the United States; one of its founders was suffragette
Susan B. Anthony.
' Mir Lada, 25, of Toronto won the National
Magazine Awards gold medal and Si,000 first prize for
conceptual photography in April. His winning photo-
graph, featuring a spike-haired, punk-affected boy
scout, had first appeared with an article in Today's
Parent magazine.
' The first leadership training course for Plast–
Ukraine was held in Donetske on June 12-13. it was co-
sponsored by Plast-Canada and Plast-Ukraine. Six
members of the national executive of Plast-Canada were
on hand for the "vyshkil," which attracted two groups of
people: young people, mostly in their 20s, who were
curious about the activities of the scouting group, and
pedagogues interested in new activities for students who
no longer had the Pioneer program toward which to
channel their energies.
' The first Joint World Congress of Ukrainian
Students, with more than 300 students in attendance, was
held in Kyyiv on June 25-27. Three student groups, the
Central Union of Ukrainian Students, the Ukrainian
Student's Association and the Ukrainian Students Group,
were present. The group announced the transfer of the
Central Union of Ukrainian Students to Kyyiv from the
U.S. and plans to open a worldwide information bureau.
' A new generation of community leaders was elected
to take the helm of the Ukrainian National Women's
League of America on May 28-30, among them Anna
Krawczuk, elected president to succeed Maria Savchak,
who had held the office for the last six years. Since
1984, Ms. Krawczuk had chaired the UNWLA's highly
successful ScholarshirvStudent Sponsorship Program.
' A Ukrainian electronic mail news group was
formed in early June after informal voting by e-mail
users showed a need for such a service existed. The
news group, which is found on internet, is called "SOC,
culture. Ukrainian" and may be accessed in that manner.
' On June 28, Adrian Karatnycky became the new
executive director of Freedom House, the non-profit,
worldwide human-rights watchdog founded in 1941 by
Eleanor Roosevelt and Wendell Wilkie. Before his
appointment, he was the AFL-ClO's specialist on inter-
national affairs in President Lane Kirkland's office.
' Dr. Zbigniew Brzezinski spoke on the first night of
The Washington Group's seventh annual conference,
held October 8-Ю. He said the task ahead for Ukrainian
leaders is to fashion an image for Ukraine as an active
member of the European community. Billionaire philan–
thropist George Soros was given the group's "Friend of
Ukraine" award.
in memoriam
During 1993, the Ukrainian community mourned the
passing of notable leaders and activists, artists, scholars,
editors and athletes, both in the diaspora and in Ukraine.
Among them were the following:
' Liudmyla Kovalenko Maniak, 57, a radio-journal–
ist, magazine editor and president of the All-Ukrainian
Association of Researchers of the Genocidal Famine of
1932-1933 (AUARGF). During the perestroika period,
Ms. Kovalenko Maniak joined her husband,
volodymyr, in interviewing survivors of Nazi depreda–
tions and the Stalinist terror in Ukraine. The gathered
testimonies and documentary material about the famine
of 1932-1933 and other atrocities perpetrated by the
Soviet regime were compiled and co-edited to form the
first volume of the commemorative monograph,
"Famine 33," published in 1990. Ms. Kovalenko
Maniak was elected to replace her husband, following
his death in a bus accident on June 23, 1992, as head of
AUARGF. - Kyyiv, January 23.
T ivanna vynnykiv-Nyzhnyk, 81, artist. A student of
the noted Oleksa Novakivsky in Lviv in the 1930s, upon
emigrating at the end of the second world war, Ms.
vynnykiv-Nyzhnyk gained wide acclaim in the French
artistic community for her work in painting, ceramics
- - - i. ..і ..Л-- - ..„
No. 52
and weaving, in the 1960s, she was taken on at Pablo
Picasso's ceramics workshop. Settling in Paris in 1948,
she met volodymyr vynnychenko and his wife and was
invited to live with them on their estate in Mougins in
southern France. Ms. vynnykiv-Nyzhnyk bequeathed
her assets, including the vynnychenko estate in
Mougins, which she inherited upon Mrs.
vynnychenko's passing, and her artwork to the
Novakivsky Museum in Lviv . — Mougins, France,
January 10.
' Alex Holub, 44, cabaret singer, known profession-
ally as Alex. During his brief but illustrious career since
his coming to this country in 1981, he performed at
numerous Ukrainian community events and venues, as
well as in well-known New York City night clubs. His
repertoire included Ukrainian songs, especially songs
by the late volodymyr ivasiuk. A native of Rivne,
Ukraine, he was a singer with the Ternopil
Philharmonic. — New York, March 9.
' Joseph Smindak, 77, past president of the
Ukrainian Youth League of North America . Mr.
Smindak headed UYLNA, the foremost youth organi–
zation of its day that focused its activity on cultural,
education and sports activity, ІПІ953-1954. —
Manhasset, N.Y., March 29.
' Michael William Chepesiuk, 85, athlete. A native
of Fort William, Ontario, Mr. Chepesiuk was winner of
a gold medal in wrestling competition (174-lb. division)
at the 1930 British Empire Games (forerunner of the
Commonwealth Games), in 1930-1934, he played foot-
ball at the guard position with the Toronto Argonauts. A
member of the 1933 Grey Cup championship team, he
was named to the league's all-star team in 1934. —
Kelowna, British Columbia, March 20.
' Pierre Beregovoy, former prime minister of France.
A native of Normandy, the son of a Ukrainian immi–
grant, Mr. Beregovoy rose from humble working class
origins to serve as France's minister of finance in 1984-
1986 and again in 1988-1992, and as prime minister
from April 1992 until his resignation in March 1993,
following the defeat of his Socialist Party in parliamen–
tary elections. Burdened with the defeat of the
Socialist party and with allegations about an interest-
free loan to buy a modest Paris apartment, Mr.
Beregovoy was led to commit suicide. — Nevers,
France, May 1.
' Dr. Stephen Mamchur, 84, sociologist. A second-
generation Ukrainian, Dr. Mamchur received a doctor-
ate from Yale in 1942 and was professor of sociology at
Wayne State University for many years. He was one of
the founders of the Detroit Graduates Club, the oldest
Ukrainian professional and business society in the
United States. A contributor to the Ukrainian Weekly,
under the nom de plume Burma Capelin, he penned
"Potpourri," an insightful column on acculturation,
assimilation, group behavior and organizational devei–
opment. — Detroit, February 16.
' Sviatoslav Hordynsky, 86, artist, iconographer,
translator, art and literary critic. A student of the Oleksa
Novakivsky Art School in Lviv, he continued his stud–
ies in Berlin and in Paris. A co-founder of the
Association of independent Ukrainian Artists, Mr.
Hordynsky edited its journal, Mystetstvo, and organized
its art exhibitions. Upon emigrating to the U.S. in 1947,
Mr. Hordynsky assisted in the founding of the
Ukrainian Artists' Association, serving as its president
from 1956 to 1963. Mr. Hordynsky is credited with the
iconography of some 50 churches throughout North
America and Europe. His most important contributions
to the history of Ukrainian art are "Ukrainian Churches
in Poland" (1969) and "The Ukrainian icon of the 12th
to 18th Centuries" (1973). Mr. Hordynsky also served
as the art subject editor and contributor to the
Entsyklopediya Ukrainoznavstva and the Encyclopedia
of Ukraine. —verona, N.J., May 8.
' Stephen Juba, 78, former mayor of Winnipeg. Mr.
Juba served as mayor of Winnipeg for 21 years, the
longest tenure in the city's history. Mr. Juba became
one of Canada's most flamboyant and well-known may–
ors. Elected to the Manitoba Legislative Assembly for
Winnipeg Centre in 1953, he won the mayoral elections
in 1956. Mr. Juba received the Order of Canada in
1970, thus breaking an Anglo-Saxon-only tradition that
began in 1874. —Winnipeg, May 5.
' ivan Honchar, 82, sculptor and ethnographer. A
sculptor since the 1930s, Mr. Honchar's collection of
over 3,000 historical and ethnographic artifacts gathered
in the private museum which he set up in his home in
1960 attracted on the one hand, persecution by Soviet
authorities and the attention of vandals, (his house being
set ablaze on numerous occasions in the 1970s, and again
- . . . „ '
No. 52 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY
^93: THE YEAR Ш REY1EW
in the 1990s), and on the other, visitors from throughout
Ukraine and the diaspora for whom Mr. Honchar's home
became a cultural mecca. Mr. Honchar's petition of
Ukrainian government officials to appropriate and secure
facilities for his collection did not meet with a response.
Mr. Honchar's 16 volumes of ethnographic material
remain unpublished. — Kyyiv, June 18.
" Charles Mikolaycak, 56, illustrator of children's
books and book designer. His illustrations, often
inspired by his Polish and Ukrainian heritage, were
widely acclaimed for their rich color and evocative
design. Among his many honors were the American
Library Association Notable Book Award (1975,1980),
and The New York Times Best illustrated Children's
Book Award (in 1984 for "Babushka: An Old Russian
Folk Tale" (Holiday House), which he wrote and illus–
trated). - New York, June 25.
' Jaroslaw Dobrowolskyj, 50, attorney. Mr.
Dobrowolskyj, president of the Ukrainian American Bar
Association of Michigan, worked for Wayne County
Legal Services and was in private practice specializing
in criminal law. Since 1987, he worked tirelessly to
uncover information that would clear the accused John
Demjanjuk of war crimes charges. — Warren,
Michigan, July 5.
' Myron Levytsky, 79, painter, editor, journalist and
educator. A prolific and varied painter, illustrator and
graphic artist as well as noted iconographer, Mr.
Levytsky has been credited with modernizing Ukrainian
sacred art. A native of Lviv, he studied at the
Novakivsky Art School in 1931-1933, and the Krakow
Academy of Arts, in Lviv, he worked as illustrator, pub–
lisher and editor, as well as war correspondent of the 1st
Galician Division's newspaper. Do Peremohy (1943-
1944). He emigrated to Canada in 1949 and continued
his work as illustrator. His sojourn in Paris (1956-1958)
resulted in his first one-man show at the Galerie Ror
valmar and considerable acclaim in the French press.
Solo exhibitions followed throughout the 1960s to
1980s in Canada and the U.S., and in 1992 in Ukraine.
—Toronto, July 17.
' Atanas Figol, 85, prominent civic activist, Plast
leader, editor, publisher..politician, a mathematician and
economist by training. Dr. Figol served as the
Ukrainian Central Committe's representative in
Germany. He was a member of the Lisovi Chorty Plast
fraternity and was president of the Union of Ukrainian
Scouts in exile. He was director of Molode Zhyttia,
publishers of Entsyklopedia Ukrainoznavstva, a project
to which he dedicated the rest of his life, working with
the late volodymyr Kubijovyc as business manager of
the Shevchenko Scientific Society in Europe and editor
of its bulletin visti iz Sarseliu (News from Sarcelles).
-Munich, July 31.
' John Stashuk, 70, leading activist among British
Columbia Ukrainians. A native of Winnipeg, Mr. Stashuk
was president of the Ukrainian Professional and Business
Association of vancouver, vice-president of the B.C.
Ukrainian Professional and Business Federation, presi–
dent of the vancouver branch of the Ukrainian Canadian
Congress, and initiator and president of the B.C.
Provincial Council of the Ukrainian Canadian Congress
since 1990. He was also a founding director and president
of the Canadian Foundation of Ukrainian Studies (1983-
1987). — vancouver, August 7.
' Zenon Feszczak, 62, deputy director of the Port of
History Museum in Philadelphia. A graduate of the
University of Pennsylvania with an M.F.A. degree, Mr.
Feszcsak worked as design director and later as deputy
director of the Port of History Museum organizing and
curating numerous exhibits. Since 1977, Mr. Feszczak
contributed his talent over the years to design many of
the most memorable exhibitions at The Ukrainian
Museum in New York, among them: "Ukrainian
Pysanky," "Traditional Design in Ukrainian Textiles,"
"Ukrainian Ritual Cloths," "Lost Architecture of Kiev,"
'To Preserve A Heritage: The History of the Ukrainian
immigration to the United States," and "Masterpieces in
Wood: Houses of Worship in Ukrain." - Philadelphia,
August 5.
' Walter Tamopolsky, 61, judge and rights scholar.
A native of Saskatchewan, Justice Walter Tamopolsky
of the Court of Appeals for Ontario was a graduate of
the University of Saskatchewan as well as of Columbia
University and the London School of Economics. A
leading Canadian scholar on human rights and civil lib–
erties. Justice Tamopolsky held academic posts in lead–
ing Canadian law schools and was president of the
Canadian Civil Liberties Association and chairman of
the Civil Liberties Section of the Canadian Bar
Association. Judge Tamopolsky was active also in the
SUNDAY, DECEMBER 26.1993
Ukrainian community in Canada, serving as head of the
Canadian Committee for the Defense of Political
Prisoners and as president of the Canadian Foundation
for Ukrainian Studies. Mr. Tamopolsky served as advis–
er on Ukraine's new constitution and on the board of
directors of the Ukrainian Legal Foundation in Kyyiv.
— Toronto, September 15.
" Roman Danyluk, 67, UACC treasurer, Ukrainian
Fraternal Association officer. He was president of the
Ukrainian National Home in New York and vice-presi–
dent of the veterans of the 1 st Division of the Ukrainian
National Army. He served as chief coordinator of com–
memorations marking the 50th anniversary of the
Galicia Division. — New York, September 26.
' Hanna Korenets, 86, prominent Plast leader and
organizer. A pharmacist by profession, Ms. Korenets
dedicated her life to Plast. in 1927, she joined the soror–
ity "Ті Shcho Hrebli Rvut" which she subsequently
headed for 50 years. Ms. Korenets remained active in
Plast after it was banned and forced underground by
Polish authorities in the 1930s and during World War H.
With the re-establishment of Plast in Germany in 1945,
Ms. Korenets served as leader of the Association of
fimigre' Ukrainian Plast Members in Germany and as
member of the Supreme Plast Command. Upon emigrat–
ing to the United States, she continued as member of the
Supreme Plast Council and director of counselor train–
ing. — Chicago, November 6.
' Anna Sten, 85, Hollywood's first Ukrainian-bom
film star. Bom in Kyyiv, daughter of ballet master Petro
Fesak and a Swedish actress, at age 15, Ms. Sten was
discovered by Stanislavsky, who took her to Moscow's
Russian Film Academy. She toured with the Moscow
Art Theater to great acclaim and starred in four Soviet
films in the late 1920s. Her role as Dostoyevsky's
Grushenka in "The Murderer Dimitri Karamazov"
(1931), a film directed by her husband, made her into a
cult figure. Captivated by her professionalism and inten–
sity, Hollywood's Sam Goldwyn took her to the U.S. in
1932, hoping to create another Greta Garbo or Marlene
Dietrich. Though critically acclaimed, Ms. Sten was not
as successful at the box office in her American films.
Mr. Goldwyn stuck by Ms. Sten until she became
known as "Goldwyn's folly." Ms. Sten made films until
1962 and continued to appear in many stage produc–
tions. — New York, November 16.
Meanwhile, here
at The Weekly...
At The Weekly in 1993 we celebrated the 60th
anniversary of our founding with a special issue pre–
pared for the occasion .that included a decade-by-decade
overview of the newspaper's contents and articles
focusing on the paper's editors and columnists through
the years.
The Weekly's six decades of service were highlight–
ed in a special feature carried by the Tv show
"Kontakt," which airs in the New York and Toronto
metro areas, as well as in interviews broadcast by the
voice of America and Radio Liberty into Ukraine. A
film crew from Ukraine also focused on our activity, but
we don't know what ever happened to that piece... The
Weekly received a certificate of recognition from the
Ukrainian National Women's League of America.
Numerous anniversary greetings came into our offices
— from officials in Ukraine, members of the U.S.
Congress, community leaders, friends and others. Thank
you for remembering us!
This also was the year we computerized production
of our newspaper. The transition to our Macintosh sys–
tem was smoother than we expected, but not without its
glitches, such as a story on the Russian referendum that
never ended, or typographical errors not picked up by
our spellchecker. (The letter "1" seemed to be a particu–
lar problem: one time there was one too many; another
time, well you know, it should'a been there... But, we
were happy at least that the total number of "l's" was
correct and thus the universe remained in synch.) For
the record, the first issue of The Weekly to be complet–
ed in its entirety on our Mac system was No. 16, April
18, 1993.
Afterwards there were changes in our design — some
subtle, some not. The long-awaited change in The
Ukrainian Weekly's flag occurred this year; the new
design was unveiled in our 60th anniversary issue dated
October 10. Many thanks in the design department go to
our newest co-worker, layout artist Serge Polishchuk.
21
The new Weekly flag was introduced also on our
Weekly T-shirts (in reverse, i.e. white on black). Mr.
Polishchuk, "Sid" to us, had been assigned to The
Weekly late in 1992 to learn paste-up. This year our res–
ident computer genius7philosopher taught us quite a few
things.
Our trusty typesetter, Awilda Arzola (who is second
in seniority at The Weekly) was out for much of the
year, causing a near panic among the editorial staff. She
broke her hip in March and did not return to work until
September. But, when she did return, she didn't skip a
beat. That's our Willy! in the meantime we were very
ably assisted by Dana Rigalski, who usually typesets
Svoboda, veselka and the various magazines printed on
our premises, and our dependable temp, Randa Almasri.
We'll be sad to see Randa leave in early 1994.
it was a year of weddings for The Weekly crew as
staff writerfeditor Andrij Wynnyckyj and assistant edi–
tor Khristina Lew tied the knot — not with each other,
though. Andrij's better half is Zirka Kudla of Toronto
(formerly of Amherstburg, Ontario); Khristina's lucky
groom is Adrian Gawdiak of Silver Spring, Md.
Meanwhile, at our Kyyiv bureau, associate editor
Marta Kolomayets found the right man and announced
her engagement to Kyyivan Danylo Yanevsky. Stay
tuned for the wedding in May. Roman Woronowycz, a
staff writer7editor, joined Marta in Kyyiv on December
1, most fittingly on his name day. Marta is scheduled to
return to New York on December 28, having served as
our Kyyiv bureau chief since February. Mr.
Woronowycz is assigned to the Kyyiv press bureau for
six months. We wish him good luck. We could not
neglect to mention our Kyyiv secretary, viktoria
Hubsky, without whom, needless to say, life in the
Ukrainian capital would be incredibly more difficult.
On the home front. The Weekly's editor-in-chief,
Roma Hadzewycz, was among Ukrainian community
leaders who received certificates of merit from New
York City Council President Andrew Stein, lka
Koznarska Casanova, our part-time editorial staffer, was
invaluable as always, filling in where needed to do
interviews and news stories in addition to the feature
she initiated way back when. Preview of Events.
Yarema Bachynsky, a law student, was our summer
intern. We were so pleased with his work we asked him
to come help us with the yearender.
Helen Smindak, a Weekly stalwart, returned to the
newspaper's pages with her coverage of cultural events.
Another returnee was our AWOL hockey writer, ihor
Stelmach. Scores of others, correspondents, columnists,
analysts, community activists, etc., contributed to The
Weekly in 1993. in fact, there was so much information
that 16-page issues this year became a rarity.
Not to be forgotten (certainly not by those readers
who continue to protest rather loudly) is the fact that
1993 was the year we took the big step and decided to
spell "Kiev" Kyyiv (in accordance with National
Geographic, the U.S. Board on Geographical Names
and, perhaps most importantly, the Ukrainian Mapping
Agency). We hoped for a quick resolution to the
spelling problem, as there were several versions of the
Ukrainian capital city's name, from Kiyev, to Kyiv, to
Kylv (in exasperation, our editor-in-chief suggested
Quayiv), but that was not to be as the long-awaited
Kyyiv conference on toponyms came and went without
a decision. So Kyyiv it shall be, for the time being,
(incidentally. Rand McNally has now decided to adopt
that spelling.)
The Weekly continues to be used as a primary
source of news from Ukraine, it is cited by researchers,
and in numerous newly published books and other pub–
lications. in addition, information from The Weekly is
used in East European regional newsbriefs columns
appearing in the Prague Post and Budapest Sun, both
English-language publications.
in early 1993 we published the results of our ques–
tionnaire, via which our readers told,us exactly what
they like, and what they don't. Some of the suggestions
have been implemented. Others, well, perhaps if there's
divine intervention... We are grateful for all your
responses. !
To conclude. The Ukrainian Weekly in 1993 contin–
ucd to be what it was meant to be... Ukrainian. For the
record, a typical 20-page issue contained the word
"Ukrainian" 333 times, "Ukraine" 167 times,
"Ukraine's" 50 times and "Ukrainians'' 22 times. Just in
case you wanted to know.
And that, dear readers, brings another year to a close.
As always, we wish you nothing but the best and the
fulfillment of all your wishes in 1994.
22 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 26,1993 No. 52

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Famine...
(Continued from page 1)
in order to stimulate recognition of
this anniversary on the state level,
Americans for Human Rights in Ukraine
(AHRU) approached Gov. Jim Florio and
New Jersey state legislators of the 28th
district — Senator Rice, Assemblymen
Harry McEnroe (D-Essex) and James
Zangari (D-Essex) — to issue a resolu–
tion for this solemn occasion. They
agreed with alacrity. The public presenta–
tion of Gov. Florio's resolution took
place in August.
statements might be construed as lobby–
ing for the bill.
However, Sen. Rice saved the day,
since he was not only the initial sponsor
of the commemorative Senate resolution
but was also the prime mover in initiat–
ing the amendment to include Ukraine's
famine in the genocide bill. These events
generated a lively interest among individ–
uals and special interest groups that
packed the galleries and chambers, as
well as reporters from various newspa–
pers and ТУ stations.
Newspapers that carried articles about

tfflHSte
The two resolutions issued by the New
Jersey State Assembly and the State
Senate were publicly presented on
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dent of AHRU, who thanked all of the
gathered assemblymen for their support.
Slawko A Natalka Masnyj
William Bahrey, president of the
of Pine Bush, NY
Ukrainian Evangelical Alliance of North
and America, then rendered a prayer and a
Yakiw 8. Lldla Yemetz spiritual message. Bronyslawa
of Sun City West, AR. Skorupsky gave an emotional message
and a tearful eyewitness reminiscence of
Wish to express our heartfelt thanks to Mr. John Flis, Jr., General Mgr.
and his entire staff at UNA Estate, Soyuzivka for the suberb effort and
her childhood experience during the rag–
ing famine. The gathering listened spell-
services provided during the festivities of our children's wedding
bound as she recalled the horrors of the
Stefanie Elizabeth Masnyj hunger and cold of the fatal winter of the
to Great Famine. A framed copy of the res–
valentyn Taras Yemetz olution was then presented to Mrs.
on the weekend of October 16,1993 Olshaniwsky.
You have all helped make this day a memorable occasion Other members of the Ukrainian
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in attendance were: the very Rev.
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American Coordinating Council; Olha
SEPCORP international, inc. Dubyk, UNWLA Branch 119; Zirka
25 Mounlam P u s Road. Hopavrall Junction. NY 12533 USA Bekesewycz, League of Ukrainian
American voters; and Walter Bodnar,
Ukrainian National Center: History and
information Network.
NEW viDEO RELEASE FROM Later, the presentation of the Senate
PROLOG VIDEO resolution took place on the Senate floor.
Sen. Rice spoke eloquently on the hor–
UKRAINIAN FOLK TALES rors of the famine and the need to edu–
cate Americans about it. He stressed the
These beautifully produced videos, 5 volumes in all, present some of the most values held by Ukrainians in New
loved Ukrainian childrens stories ever told. Handed down from generation to Jersey, mentioning that they often have
generation these classic tales such as; Рукавичка, Колосок and Лис і Цап, been overlooked by governmental offi–
- p j stOT^ea j n ^jj n a v e eotertained children for many years. cials and not fully appreciated for the
contributions they have made to their
Now on video, these beautifully illustrated and articulately communities. "The United States was
narrated stories are set to music with on screen easy to follow founded on cultural diversity to make
text, ideal for learning Ukrainian as a second language for this the strongest country in the world,"
pre-school thru adolescents. he said. No one from the Ukrainian
this legislation the next day included The
New York Times, The Star-Ledger, The
Record (Hackensack), The Daily Record
(Morristown) and The Asbury Press. The
Associated Press also ran a story. Some
newspapers reported on the progress of
legislative activity for several days.
During the Tuesday and Wednesday
prior to voting in the Senate, AHRU acti–
vated and coordinated a network of New
Jersey callers and encouraged them to
contact the offices of their state senators
and urge them to support the amended
version of S-2155. in addition to Messrs.
Rice, McEnroe and Zangari, who had
been approached regarding the legisla–
tion on December 2, AHRU had written
letters on December 11 to all members of
the State Senate with a similar message.
Letters were also written by Mr. Miziuk,
state commander of the Ukrainian
American veterans. Mrs. Kuzyk and
other Trenton Ukrainians alerted AHRU
to the impending impasse when they sent
newspaper clippings of local reports on
this legislation.
The bill in question was seen by the
initial sponsors as part of the state's
anti-hate campaign. Reaction to the bill
has been unexpectedly and surprisingly
volatile. Ukrainians and Poles argued
for inclusion, while Jews and Turks
have argued for exclusion of amend–
ments in the bill. However, all argued
for different reasonsfMurray Laulicht of
the New Jersey State Commission on
Holocaust Education in a published
report stated that the inclusion of the
Polish and Ukrainian amendments as
"wholly misguided" because they would
"dilute and even deny the uniqueness of
the Holocaust." Although, in his opin–
ion, the Ukrainian and Polish amend–
ments would water down the whole
point of the Holocaust education, the
inclusion of the "efforts of Turkish
groups to deny the Armenian genocide
may be instructive in assessing the
methods and motives of those who deny
the Holocaust," while the Cambodian
event raises the question of "whether the
United States and its allies refused to
acknowledge the genocide and help save
its victims."
The New Jersey School Boards
Association objected to the bill because it
tells teachers what they must teach.
it was reported that Mr. Haytaian was
"passionate in arguing for the specific
inclusion" of the Armenian genocide that
took place some 80 years ago, but was
"surprised and angered" that the
Ukrainian and Polish amendments were
added to his bill.
Since further voting on the bills A–
2780 and S-2155 was postponed until
January 10, there is time enough to con–
tinue to make comments on the bill. For
further information regarding these
actions, please call or write to: AHRU,
43 Midland Place, Newark, NJ 07106;

І
All 5 volumes for only group was permitted to speak, since the telephone, (201) 373-9729; fax, (201)
Each volume S12.00 USD S50.00 USD genocide bill was being presented on the 373-4755.
Shipping ft handling S4.95 USD Plus S5.95 shipping і handling

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Prolog video P.O. Box 1084, South Orange, NJ 07079
The Weekly: g j g j service'
No. 52 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 26,1993 23

Ukrainian crossword
by Tamara Stadnychenko

Answers to last week's puzzle

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Newsbriefs said the state budget deficit is about 9.S
(Continued from page 2) trillion karbovantsi. in his opinion, "radi– Saturday. January 1st - THE PARTY CONT1NUES
Ukraine, Moldova sign cooperation pacts callyrestrictivepolicies" must be initiated 9:00pm ZABAvA - Dance to the tunes of the "FATA MORGANA"
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KYYW - Ukrainian President Leonid Orchestra
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Snegur signed agreements on mutual coop– MOSCOW - Russia's first deputy
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Parliament must act on credits ble" to use the strong showing of ultra-
right forces in Russia's parliamentary
KYYiv - The chairman of the elections to justify fear of an aggressive
National Bank of Ukraine, viktor Russian foreign policy. He noted that
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24 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBERS, 1993 No. 52
1
accompanying START t ratification are
Ukraine deactivates...
PREVIEW OF EVENTS (Continued from page 1)
met," said Mr. Tarasiuk. v "
The deputy foreign minister noted that
only two warheads from SS-19s had been
Friday, December 31 like to stress a different matter, if they
evening will include a visit from St. transferred to Russia since die summer
Nicholas. For reservations or more informa– are on the missiles, who can utilize
iRviNGTON, NJ.: The irvington branch them? Russia. The button is in Moscow," because their safety mechanism were due
of the Ukrainian American Youth tion call (404) 973-7599 or (404) 475-1084.
said Mr. Kravchuk. to expire and they posed an ecological
Association (SUM-A) and the Ukrainian Saturday, January 15 hazard.
Community Center of irvington invite the Although Ukrainian officials have
YONKERS, N.Y.: The SUM-A Ukrainian Parliament left in the dark
public to a New Year's dinner Ліапсе to be been tight-lipped about the possible con–
Youth Center's annual Malanka will be held
held at the Ukrainian Community Center, at the center, 301 Palisade Ave. Dinner will ditions of compensation, government However, few legislators were aware
140 Prospect Ave. Dinner and open bar be at 7:30 p.m.. followed by dancing to the sources have said compensation for of early deactivization.
will be at 8 - 9 p.m. followed by dancing to music of the Odnochasnist band of Toronto strategic weapons included a promise to "Shmarov is the most dangerous crimi–
the music of Evenings in Karpaty. Tickets: starting at 9 p.m. Tickets include dinner, supply 50 tons of uranium for Ukrainian hal; he has signed a pact with Kravchuk
S35; S20, students. Champagne, noisemak– dance and champagne S25, adults; Si5, stu– nuclear power stations. Compensation and the United States and with his actions
ers and favors are included. For reserva– dents. For reservations call (914) 969-4200. he has sharply decreased Ukraine's
tions. call the Ukrainian Center, (201) 375- for tactical weapons would include
DALLAS: The Ukrainian American Russia's agreement to reduce Ukraine's defense possibilities" said Stepan
0156 or (201) 372-9856 (evening).
Society of Texas will hold its Malanka New bill for gas and oil, which is to reach Khmara, a national democrat who has led
Friday, January 7 the pro-nuclear lobby in the Parliament
Year's dance at 8 p.m. at 5806 Flintshire world prices by January 1994.
CH1CAGO: Roman Marynowych's Lane to benefit the young victims of However, the nuclear weapons remain "Ukraine is now open to any kind of
"Ukrainian Melody Hour" will present a Chornobyl. Minimum contribution for on Ukrainian territory, noted Deputy aggression, it is no longer able to defend
special Ukrainian Christmas program at admission is 510. For additional informa– Foreign Minister Boris Tarasiuk. itself. Shmarov should be taken.to trial
5:30 p.m. on Ch. 23. uon. call John Sobchak, (214) 38O4809. "Essentially, we are taking them off for such an action. He took, missiles off
Saturday, January 8 NOTICE military alert as a safety measure, as well military alert, the SS-24s, some of which
as to demonstrate to the world communi– have safety guarantees until 2015," said
ATLANTA: The Ukrainian Association of PALOS PARK, Ш.; Ss. Peter and Paul Mr. Khmara.
Georgia and the Ukrainian National Ukrainian Orthodox Church, 8410 West ty that Ukraine does not have plans or
Women's League of America invite the St., has openings for students in the junior opportunities to take part in nuclear "This is not the time to fool people, to
Ukrainian community to a traditional and senior divisions in its Ukrainian dance blackmail," he noted. tell them that we have nuclear weapons
Ukrainian Christmas Eve Dinner to be held troupe. Practice is held Sundays at noon, "These steps are not part of fulfilling which we can utilize for our defense, our
at St. Jude the Apostle School Cafetorium, interested individuals should contact START 1 obligations; we cannot begin national interests. This would be a plain
7171 Glenndge and Spaiding. The dinner is Michelle Bezney, (708) 850-7224, or the fulfilling them until the conditions lie," said Mr. Kravchuk. -
Si 2.50 per adult and S5 per child. The church office, (708) 448-1350. ^.^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^"^
PLEASE NOTE; Preview items must be received one week before desired date of program. ,.
publication. No information will be taken over the phone. Preview items will be pub– Ukraines... On D e c e m b e r 2 0 , the Cabinet o f
lished only once (please indicate desired date of publication). All items are published (Continued from page 2) Ministers returned with details for the
at the discretion of the editorial staff and in accordance with available space. Fumbling with economic reform new package, which included 32 points
PREviEW OF E V E N T S , a listing of Ukrainian community events open to the to be added to the original document
public, is a service provided free of charge by The Ukrainian Weekly to the The economic reform proposal, which By Tuesday, the Parliament, which had
Ukrainian community. To have an event listed in this column, please send informa– initially was passed on December 17, is to form a special committee to consolidate
tion (type of event, date, time, place, admission, sponsor, etc.) - typed and in the heavily sprinkled with verbiage regard– the various proposals with the legislation
English language — along with the phone number of a person who may be reached ing anti-inflation measures. Essentially, it that was passed Friday, was again in disar–
during daytime hours for additional information, to: Preview of Events, The requires the executive to reduce govem– ray and offering new economic proposals.
Ukrainian Weekly, 30 Montgomery SL, Jersey City, N J . 07302. ment spending; bans all branches of gov– Andriy Pecherov, a deputy from Odessa
ernment from actions that would require and a member of the reconciliation com–
the release of additional money by the mittee, said the legislation was being
National Bank of Ukraine and introduces detailed to death, "if we get, too specific,

Trident Trade Group a system for handling bankruptcies by we will not agree on anything," he said
non-profitable enterprises. in the end, yet another proposal was
However, the document also gives the presented that forced the reconciliation
Cabinet of Ministers " t h e e x c l u s i v e committee back to work to redo the
responsibility for implementation of this whole thing once more.

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