Question Excerpt From Level 1 - Radiography Questions

Q.1) Although there may be other reasons for using calcium tungstate screens in industrial radiography, they are most usually used to:
A.Improve definition and resolution in radiographic images B.Improve contrast in radiographic images C.Decrease exposure time D.Make films respond to multimillion volt radiation

An excellent radiograph is obtained under given conditions of exposure with the film located at a distance of 36 inches from the target of the X-ray tube. If the film is now Q.2) placed only 18 inches from the target, and all exposure conditions except time are held constant, the new exposure time will be:
A.Unchanged B.Longer by approximately 80 percent C.Shorter by approximately 55 percent D.Only about 25 percent as long as the original exposure time

An excellent radiograph is obtained under given exposure conditions with a tube current of 5 milliamperes and an exposure time of 12 minutes. If other conditions are not Q.3) changed, what exposure time would be required if the X-ray tube current could be raised to 10 milliamperes?
A.24 minutes B.12 minutes C.6 minutes D.3 minutes

Q.4) In film radiography, penetrameters are usually placed:

A.Between the intensifying screen and the film B.On the source side of the test object C.On the film side of the test object D.Between the operator and the radiation source

Q.5)

When radiographing to the 2-2T quality level, an ASTM penetrameter for 1/2-inch thick 2024 aluminum alloy has a thickness of:

A.1/2 inch B.2 mils C.5 mils D.10 mils

Q.6) The penetrating ability of an X-ray beam is governed by:

A.Kilovoltage or wavelength B.Time C.Milliamperage D.Source-to-film distance

Q.7) Cobalt-60 used in nondestructive testing emits:

A.Alpha particles B.Neutrons C.Gamma rays D.X rays

Q.8) A densitometer is:

A.A meter used to measure X-ray intensity B.An instrument for measuring film density C.A meter used to measure the density of a material D.A meter used to measure tube current

Q.9) Three liquids which are essential to process an exposed film properly are:
A.Stop batch, acetic acid, and water B.Developer, stop bath, and H2O2 C.Developer, fixer, and water D.Acetic acid, fixer, and stop bath

Q.10) The two most common causes for excessively high-density radiographs are:
A.Insufficient washing and overdevelopment

B.Contaminated fixer and insufficient washing C.Overexposure and contaminated fixer D.Overexposure and overdevelopment

Q.11)

The time required for one-half of the atoms in a particular sample of radioactive material to disintegrate is called:

A.The inverse square law B.A curie C.A half-life D.The exposure time

Q.12) What does the term R/hr refer to when speaking of intensity:
A.Radiation limits for humans B.Roentgens per hour C.X rays per hour D.Radiation in hydrogen

Q.13) The ability to detect a small discontinuity or flaw is called:

A.Radiographic B.Radiographic C.Radiographic D.Radiographic A.Contrast B.Unsharpness C.Reticulation D.Density

contrast sensitivity density resolution

Q.14) Movement, geometry, and screen contact are three factors that affect radiographic:

Q.15) The difference between the densities of two areas of a radiograph is called:
A.Radiographic contrast B.Subject contrast C.Film contrast D.

Definition Definition wait for a few minutes before entering the exposure area wear a lead-lined apron before entering-the exposure area enter the exposure area without fear of radiation exposure take a reading with a survey meter before entering the exposure area.

Q.16) Upon completing an X-ray exposure and turning the equipment off:
A.Personnel should B.Personnel should C.Personnel should D.Personnel should

Q.17)

The most widely used unit of measurement for measuring the rate at which the output of a gamma-ray source decays is the:

A.curie B.roentgen C.half-life D.MeV

Q.18) Exposure to X rays or gamma rays:

may have a cumulative effect which must be considered when monitoring for maximum permissible dose B.will be beneficial since they build up an immunity to radiation poisoning C.will have no effect on human beings D.will have only a short-trm effect on human tissues
A.

Q.19)

Which dose would be dangerous, if not fatal, if applied to the entire body in a short period of time:

A.1.5 to 15 R B.25 to 70 R C.200 to 800 R D.all of the above doses would most likely be fatal

Q.20)
A.

When doing gamma-ray radiography with high-intensity emitters, the sources are best handled:

directly by personnel equipped with special protective clothing with speciar protective clothing.

B.by remote handling equipment C.directly by personnel with special protective clothing except when radiographs are being made D.by the same methods used for low intensity emitters

Q.21) If a film is placed in a developer solution and allowed to develop without any agitation:
A.the radiograph will not show proper contrast B.it will be impossible to fix the radiograph permanently C.there will be a general "fogging" condition over the entire radiograph D.

there will be a tendency for each area of the film to affect the development of the areas immediately below it

Q.22)

The selection of the proper type of film to be used for the X-ray examination of a particular part depends on:

A.the thickness of the part B.the material of the specimen C.the voltage range of the available X-ray machine D.all three of the above factors

Q.23)

When radiographing a part which contains a large crack, the crack will appear on the radiograph as:

A.a dark, intermittent or continuous line B.a light, irregular line C.either a dark or light line D.a fogged area on the radiograph

Q.24) A cobalt-60 source has a half-life of

A.1.2 years B.6 months C.5.3 years D.75 days

Q.25) X-ray heat is generated by:

A.the B.the C.the D.the

current passing through the filament (cathode) distance from the cathode to the anode type of material used in the target voltage and waveform applied to-the X-ray tube

Q.26)

The voltage and waveform applied to the X-ray tube by a high-voltage transformer primarily determines the:

A.quantity of radiation B.duration of exposure C.penetrating ability D.X-ray beam divergence

Q.27) Lead foil in direct contact with X-ray film:

A.intensifies the scatter radiation more than the primary radiation B.decreases the contrast of the radiographic image C.intensifies the primary radiation more than the scatter radiation D.should not be used when gamma rays are emitted by the source of radiation

Q.28) Fluorescent intensifying screens are usually mounted in pairs in rigid holders called:
A.film racks B.cassettes C.emulsifiers D.diaphragms

Q.29)

Radiographic sensitivity, in the context of the minimum detectable flaw size, depends on:

A.graininess of the film B.the unsharpness of the flaw image in the film C.the contrast of the flaw image on the film D.all three of the above

Q.30) In order to decrease geometric unsharpness:

A.radiation should proceed from as small a focal spot as other considerations will allow B.radiation should proceed from as large a focal spot as other considerations will allow. C.the film should be as far as possible from the object being radiographed

D.the distance from the anode to the material examined should be as small as is practical.

Q.31) As the kilovoltage applied to the X-ray tube is raised:

A.X B.X C.X D.X

rays of longer wavelength and more penetrating power are produced rays of shorter wavelength and more penetrating power are produced rays of shorter wavelength and less penetrating power are produced rays of longer wavelength and less penetrating power are produced

Q.32) In order to increase the intensity of X-radiation:

A.the tube current should be increased B.the tube current should be decreased C.the test specimen should be moved further from the film. D.a lower kilovoltage should be applied to the tube

Primary radiation which strikes a film holder or cassette through a thin portion of the Q.33) specimen will cause scattering into the shadows of the adjacent thicker portions producing an effect called:
A.radiation imaging B.spotting C.undercut D.unsharpness

Q.34)

Scattered radiation caused by any material, such as a wall or floor, table top, or cassette that is located in back of the film is known as:

A.primary scattering B.undercut C.reflected scattering D.backscattered radiation

Q.35)

Which of the following materials is suitable for use in vessels or pails used to mix processing solutions:

A.stainless steel B.aluminum C.galvanized iron D.tin

Q.36)

Any of the body tissues may be injured by excessive exposure to X or gamma rays but particularly sensitive are:

A.blood B.lens of the eye C.internal organs D.all of the above

Q.37) A general rule used to define the amount of radiation exposure that is excessive is:
although small amounts of radiation (0.4 R per week or less) are beneficial since they build up an immunity to these rays, anything above 0.4 R per week is excessive B.any dose over 5 R per week is excessive C.any dose which causes a mid-range reading on a Geiger counter is excessive D.any unnecessary exposure to radiation is excessive
A.

Q.38) X-ray exposure may be due to:

A.the direct beam from the X-ray tube target B.scatter radiation arising from the object in the direct beam C.both A and B above D.

both A and B above plus residual radiation that exists for the first few minutes after the X-ray machine has been returned to the "off" position

Q.39)

A general rune often employed for determining the kilovoltage to be used when Xraying a part is:

A.the kilovoltage should be as high as other factors will permit B.the kilovoltage should be as low as other factors will permit C.the kilovoltage is always a fixed value and cannot be changed D.

the kilovoltage is not an important variable and can be changed over a wide range without affecting the radiograph

Q.40)

If a piece of lead 1/2-inch this is placed in the path of a beam of radiation emanating from cobalt-60, it will reduce the dose rate at a given location by:

A.one-third B.one-quarter C.one-half D.three-quarters

Q.41)

Excessive exposure of film to light prior to development of the film will most likely result in:

A.a foggy film B.poor definition C.streaks D.yellow stain

Q.42) White crescent-shaped marks on an exposed X-ray film are most likely caused by:
A.crimping film after exposure B.crimping film before exposure C.sudden extreme temperature change while processing D.warm of exhausted fixer

Q.43) Reticulation resulting in a puckered or netlike film surface is probably caused by:
A.crimping film after exposure B.sudden extreme temperature change while processing C.water or developer on unprocessed film D.excessive object-to-film distance

Q.44) Frilling or loosening of the emulsion from the base of the film is most likely caused by:
A.water of developer on unprocessed film B.low temperature of processing solutions C.developer solution contamination D.warm or exhausted fixer solution

If an exposure time of 60 seconds was necessary using a 4-foot source-to-film distance Q.45) for a particular exposure, what time would be necessary if a 2-foot source-to-film distance is used and all other variables remain the same?
A.120 seconds B.30 seconds C.15 seconds D.240 seconds

Q.46)

One of the general rules concerning the application of geometric principles of shadow formation to radiography is:

A.the X rays should proceed from as large a focal spot as other considerations will allow B.the film should be as far as possible from the object being radiographed C.the distance between the anode and the material examined should always be as great as possible D.all three of the above are correct

As a check on the adequacy of the radiographic technique, it is customary to place a Q.47) standard test piece on the source side of the specimen. This standard test piece is called a:
A.reference plate B.lead screen C.penetrameter D.illuminator

Q.48) The duration of an exposure is usually controlled by:

A.controlling the milliamperage B.a timer C.controlling the source-to-film distance D.a choke coil in the filament transformer

Q.49) A penetrameter is used to indicate:

A.the B.the C.the D.the

size of the discontinuities in a part density of the film amount of the film contrast quality of the radiographic technique

Q.50) A fluorescent intensifying screen will

A.transform X-ray energy into visible or ultraviolet light to which a photographic emulsion is sensitive

B.result in reticulation C.decrease the graininess of the image when using gamma rays D.increase the definition in a radiograph

Q.51) The three main steps in processing a radiograph are:

A.developing, frilling, and fixation B.developing, fixation, and washing. C.exposure, developing, and fixation D.developing, reticulating, and fixation

Q.52) Lead foil screens are used in radiography:

A.to improve the quality of the radiograph by preferentially reducing the effect of scatter radiation B.to reduce the exposure time C.both A and B are reasons for using lead foil screens D.neither A nor B are reasons for using lead foil screens

Q.53)

Kilovoltage, exposure time, and source-to-film distance are three of the most important X-ray exposure factors that can be controlled. A fourth such exposure factor is:

A.focal point size B.temperature C.filament-to-focal spot distance D.milliamperage

Q.54)

When the minute silver grains on which the X-ray film image is formed group together in relatively large masses, they produce a visual impression called

A.air bells B.graininess C.reticulation D.frilling

Q.55) To prevent excessive backscatter from reaching a radiographic film, one should:
A.back the cassette with a sheet of lead, the thickness needed depending on the radiation quality B.place a mask between the specimen and the front surface of the film C.back the exposure holder with a thick sheet of lead (at least 1/2 inch) D.place a filter in the X-ray or gamma ray beam near the source or X-ray tube

Q.56)

Static marks, which are black tree-like or circular marks on a radiograph, are often caused by:

A.film being bent when inserted in a cassette or holder B.foreign material or dirt imbedded in screens C.scratches on lead foil screens D.improper film handling techniques

Q.57) The purpose of agitating an X-ray film during development is to:

A.protect the film from excessive pressure B.renew the developer at the surface of the film C.disperse unexposed silver grains on the film surface D.prevent reticulation

Q.58)

When manually processing films, the purpose for sharply taping hangers two or three times after the films have been lowered in the developer is to:

A.disperse unexposed silver grains on the film surface B.prevent frilling C.dislodge any air bubbles clinging to emulsion D.all of the above

Q.59) The activity of the developer solution is maintained stable by:

A.constant agitation B.maintaining processing solutions within the recommended temperature range C.avoiding contamination from the wash bath D.addition of replenisher

Q.60) The purpose of fixation is:

A.to remove all the undeveloped silver salts of the emulsion B.to leave the developed silver as a permanent image C.to harden the gelatin D.all of the above

Q.61)

For best results when manually processing film, solutions should be maintained within a temperature range of:

A.65F and 75F B.65C and 75C C.75F and 85F D.75C and 85C

Q.62) Water spots on films can be minimized by:

A.rapid drying of wet film B.immersing wet film for one or two minutes in a wetting agent solution C.by using a fresh fixer solution D.by cascading water during the rinse cycle

Q.63) The small area in the X-ray tube from which the radiation emanates is called the:
A.diaphragm B.focal spot C.focusing cup D.cathode

Q.64) Unwanted inclusions in a part will appear on a radiograph as:

A.a dark spot B.a light spot C.a generalized gray area of varying contrast D.

either a dark of light spot or area depending on the relative absorption ratio of the part material and the inclusion material

Q.65) The radiation quality of a manna-ray source is:

A.determined by the size of the focal spot B.determined by the isotope involved C.can be varied by the operator D.is greater in iridium-192 than in cobalt-60

Q.66) The most common material used to provide protection against X rays is:
A.high density brick B.an allow of 70 percent steel and 30 percent copper C.tungsten D.lead

Q.67) A curie is the equivalent of:

A.0.001 millicuries B.1.000 millicuries C.1.000 megacuries D.100 megacuries

With a given exposure time and kilovoltages, a properly exposed radiograph is obtained with a 6 milliamperes-minutes exposure at the distance of 20 inches. It is Q.68) desired to increase the sharpness of detail in the image by increasing the source-tofilm distance to 40 inches. The correct milliamperes-minutes exposure to obtain the desired radiographic density at the increased distance is:
A.12 milliamperes-minutes B.24 milliamperes-minutes C.3 milliamperes-minutes D.1.7 milliamperes-minutes

Q.69)

Very short wavelength electromagnetic radiation produced when electrons traveling at high speeds collide with matter is called:

A.X-radiation B.beta radiation C.gamma radiation D.note of the above

Q.70)

The exposure of personnel to X- and gamma radiation can be measured or monitored by means of:

A.film badges B.dosimeters C.radiation exposure survey meters

D.all of the above

Assuming that a good radiograph is obtained at a setting of 10 milliamperes in 40 Q.71) seconds, how much time will be necessary to obtain one equivalent radiograph if the milliamperage is changed to 5 milliamperes (all other conditions remain constant):
A.20 seconds B.10 seconds C.80 seconds D.160 seconds

Q.72)

A graph showing (logarithmic scale) the relation between material thickness, kilovoltage, and exposure time is called:

A.a bar chart B.an exposure chart C.a characteristic curve D.an H & D curse

A graph which expresses the relationship between material thickness, KV, and Time Q.73) specific to film, machine, FFD, processing conditions, and the resulting photographic density is called:
A.a bar chart B.an exposure chart C.the characteristic curve D.a logarithmic chart

Q.74)

Short wavelength electromagnetic radiation produced during the disintegration of nuclei or radioactive substances is called:

A.X-radiation B.gamma radiation C.scatter radiation D.backscatter radiation

Q.75)

A photographic image recorded by the passage of X or gamma rays through a specimen onto a film is called a:

A.fluoroscopic image B.radiograph C.isotopic reproduction D.note of the above

Q.76) The normal development time for manually processing X-ray film is:
A.12 to 18 minutes in processing solutions B.3 to 8 minutes in processing solutions at C.12 to 18 minutes in processing solutions D.5 to 8 minutes in processing solutions at

at 75F 60F at 68C 68F

Q.77)
A.the B.the C.the D.the A.the B.the C.the D.the

In order to achieve uniformity of development over the area of an X-ray film during manual processing:

film should be placed in a dryer after being developed developer should be agitated by means of mechanical stirrers or circulating pumps film should be agitated while in the developer film should be transferred directly from the developer to the fixer part thickness penetrameter thickness time of exposure time for developing

Q.78) When referring to a "2T" or "4T" hole in the ASTM penetrameter, the T refers to:

A sheet of lead with an opening cut in the shape of the part to be radiographed may be Q.79) used to decrease the effect of scattered radiation which undercuts the specimens. Such a device is called:
A.a B.a C.a D.a

mask filter backscatter absorber lead foil screen

Q.80) Two X-ray machines operating at the same nominal kilovoltage and milliamperage

settings:
A.will produce the same intensities and qualities of radiation B.will produce the same intensities but may produce different qualities of radiation C.will produce the same qualities by may produce different intensities of radiation D.may give not only different intensities but also different qualities of radiation

Q.81) Fluoroscopy differs from radiography in that:

A.fluoroscopy uses a much lower kilovoltage than radiography B.fluoroscopy is much more sensitive than radiography C.the X-ray image is observed visually on a fluorescent screen rather than recorded on a film D.fluoroscopy permits examination of thicker parts than does radiography

Q.82)

An advantage of the pocket dosimeter type of ionization chamber used to monitor radiation received by personnel is:

A.it provides a permanent record of accumulated dosage B.it provides an immediate indication of dosage C.it is the most sensitive detector available D.all of the above are advantages

Q.83) The density difference between two selected portions of a radiograph is known as:
A.unsharpness B.radiographic contrast C.specific activity D.subject density

Q.84) One requirement for keeping fluorescent screens in good condition is that they must:
A.be cleaned with a lint-free cloth each time they are used B.not be exposed to intense ultraviolet radiation C.be mounted in a rigid container at all times D.not be exposed to caustic fumes

Q.85)

In making an isotope exposure in a unshielded area, you find the dose rate 6 feet from the source is 1200 mR/hr. What would be the dose rate at 24 feet?

A.75 mR/hr B.100 mR/hr C.200 mR/hr D.300 mR/hr

Q.86) The intensity of X or Gamma radiation is measured in:

A.roentgens B.ergs C.roentgens per unit of time D.H & D units

Q.87) When producing radiographs, if the kilovoltage is increased:

A.the B.the C.the D.the

subject contrast decreases film contrast decreases subject contrast increases film contrast increases

Q.88)

The accidental movement of the specimen of the specimen or film during exposure or the use of a focus-film distance that is too small will:

A.produce a radiograph with poor contrast B.make it impossible to detect large discontinuities C.result in a unsharpness or the radiograph D.result in a fogged radiograph

Q.89)

A properly exposed radiograph that is developed in a developer solution at a temperature of 58F for 5 minutes will probably be:

A.overdeveloped B.underdeveloped C.fogged D.damaged by frilling

A good radiograph is obtained using a milliamperage of 15 milliamperes and an Q.90) exposure time of 1/2 minute. What exposure time will be necessary to produce and equivalent radiograph is the milliamperage is changed to 5 milliamperes and all other

conditions remain the same?

A.4 1/2 minutes B.1 1/2 minutes C.3 minutes D.1/6 minute

Q.91) Lead screens in contact with the film during exposure:

increase the photographic action on the film largely by reason of the electron emission and partly by the secondary X rays generated in the lead B.absorb the shorter wavelength scattered radiation more than the long wavelength primary radiation C.intensify the photographic effect of the scatter radiation more than that of the primary radiation D.none of the above
A.

Q.92) The sharpness of the outline in the image of the radiograph is a measure of:
A.subject contrast B.radiographic definition C.radiographic contrast D.film contrast

Q.93)

An unshielded isotope sources gives a dosage rate of 900 mR per hour at 10 feet. What would the unshielded dosage rate be at 30 feet?

A.300 mR/hr B.600 mR/hr C.100 mR/hr D.2700 mR/hr

Q.94) Which has the shortest wavelengths:

A.visible light B.microwaves C.100 kilovolt peak X rays D.infrared radiation

Q.95) Beta particles are:

A.neutrons B.protons C.electrons D.positrons

Q.96) A radioactive source with an activity of one curie has:

A.1,000 disintegrations per second taking place B.1,000,000 disintegrations per second taking place C.1,000,000,000 disintegrations per second taking place D.3.7 x 10^10 disintegrations per second taking place

Q.97) The formula for determining permissible accumulated personnel dose is:
A.12 (N-18) B.18 (5+N) C.5 (N-18) D.12 (N+18)

Q.98) The metal that forms the image on a n X-ray film is:
A.tin B.silver C.tungsten D.iron

Q.99) Unexposed boxes of X-ray film should be stored:

A.flat B.on edge or end C.in a pile D.it doesn't matter

Q.100) The lead symbol "B" is attached to the back of the film holder to determine:
A.sensitivity B.whether excessive backscatter is present C.radiographic contrast D.density

Q.101)

Penetrameters for ________ are considered Group 1 Materials and need not have an identification notch.

A.Inconel B.Nickel C.Stainless Steel D.Aluminum bronze

Q.102) The purpose of a dated decay curve is to:

A.determine the source size at any time B.calculate shielding requirements C.determine the source strength (activity) at any time D.mark the date and length of time for each exposure

Q.103)

Why is cobalt-60 used as a radiation source for medium-weight metals of thickness ranges from 1.5 to 9 inches:

A.because of its short half-life B.limited amount of shielding required C.because of its penetrating ability D.note of the above

Q.104) The cause for poor image definition could be considered:

A.too short source-to-film distance B.screens and film not in close contact C.film graininess D.all of the above

Q.105) During manual film processing, the purpose of the stop bath is to:
A.change the exposed silver salts to black metallic silver B.neutralize the developer and stop the developing process C.eliminate most water spot and streaks D.note of the above

Q.106)

A thin metallic sheet (brass, copper, aluminum, etc) placed at the source to reduce effects of softer radiation is known as:

A.an intensifying screen B.a filter C.an electron inducer D.a focusing cup

Q.107) The reason a "shim" is used in radiographic setup is to:

A.improve the penetrameter image B.reduce diffraction C.simulate weld reinforcement D.intensify the image

Q.108) The focal spot size of an X-ray machine must be known in order to determine:
A.the geometric unsharpness value B.kilovolt peak output C.milliamperage settings D.exposure time

Q.109)

A section with a significant increase in thickness variation is required to be shown on a single radiograph within a desired film density range. This may be accomplished by:

A.increasing kilovoltage B.using a coarser grain film C.both A and B are correct D.neither A nor B is correct

Q.110) The density of a radiograph image refers to:

A.the B.the C.the D.the

thickness of the film thickness of the specimen weight of the film degree of film blackening

Q.111) A beam of radiation consisting of a single wavelength is known as:

A.characteristic radiation B.fluoroscopic radiation

C.monochromatic radiation D.microscopic radiation

Q.112)

The image of the required penetrameter and hole on the radiograph indicates that the radiograph has the required:

A.contrast B.definition C.sensitivity D.latitude

Q.113) The primary parts of an atom are:

A.proton, nutrino, electron B.proton, electron, gamma ray C.photon, electron, neutron D.proton, electron, neutron

Q.114) X rays and gamma rays always travel

A.in pairs B.orbital spheres C.straight lines D.note of the above

Q.115) A large source size can be compensated for by:

A.increasing the source-to-specimen distance B.addition of lead screens C.increasing the specimen-to-film distance D.increasing penumbra

Q.116)

Radiation arising directly from the target of an X-ray tube or an accelerator, or from a radioactive source, is usually referred to as:

A.secondary radiation B.primary radiation C.backscatter D.inherent radiation

Q.117)

The extent to which X rays can be successfully utilized in nondestructive testing is largely dependent upon:

A.their intensity of the X rays generated B.their wavelengths C.the dimensions of the area from which they are emitted D.the duration of their emission E.all of the above

Q.118)

To produce X rays, electrons are accelerated to a high velocity by an electrical field and then suddenly stopped by a collision with a solid body. This body is called:

A.cathode B.filament C.target D.generator

Q.119) The best X-ray efficiency is produced when the target material has
A.a B.a C.a D.a

low atomic number high atomic number low hardness high hardness

Q.120)

What is sometimes used to change the alternating current from the high voltage transformer to direct current for the purpose of increasing the X-ray machine output:

A.rectifier B.cathode X-ray tubes C.gas X-ray tube D.vacuum X-ray tube

In a fluoroscopic inspection system using a 15-inch source-to-material distance and 2Q.121) inch material-to-screen distance, transverse vibration of which item will cause the most image blurring:
A.source vibration

B.screen vibration C.material vibration D.equal effects

Q.122)

If a fluorescent screen is accidentally exposed to unattenuated X-rays, which of the following occurs:

A.intense heat generated in the screen will permanently destroy the screen crystals B.screen blackens due to overexposure C.the screen is essentially undamaged D.screen sensitivity and light level will be permanently reduced

Q.123)

Which of the following is an advantage of a fluoroscopic system when compared to a radiographic system:

A.screens to not absorb scattered radiation so the image density is enhanced B.live imaged presentation for immediate viewing C.screen systems exhibit superior sensitivity and resolution to films D.the equipment is normally not portable

Q.124) A fluoroscopic installation utilizing fluorescent screen requires:

A.a screen support with lead foil screens to control scatter

lead glass, mirrors, or other means for transmitting the fluorescent image without subjecting the operator to X-radiation C.both of the above D.neither of the above
B.

Q.125) In performing fluoroscopic examination of a part, it is important to control

A.geometry B.scatter radiation C.source kilovoltage and milliamperage D.all of the above

Q.126) In X-radiography, the ability to penetrate the test object is governed by:
A.source-to-film distance B.time C.kilovoltage D.milliamperage

Q.127)

Which of the following types of radiation is emitted by cobalt-60 and used in nondestructive testing:

A.neutrons B.gamma rays C.X rays D.alpha particles

Q.128)

The term used to describe the loss of excess energy by the nucleus of radioactive atoms is called:

A.decay (disintegration) B.ionization C.scintillation D.activation

Q.129) X rays, gamma rays, and alpha particles all have one thing in common - they are all:
A.particulate radiations B.electromagnetic radiations C.microwave radiations D.ionizing radiations

Q.130)

The term used to express the number of curies of radioactivity per gram or ounce of source weight is:

A.decay B.emissivity C.specific activity D.source output

Q.131)

Atoms, molecules, and various subatomic particles which carry either a positive or negative electrical charge are called:

A.photoelectrons

B.photons C.ions D.compounds

Q.132) Gamma and X-radiation interact with matter and may be absorbed by:
A.photoelectric absorption B.compton scattering C.pair production D.all of the above

Q.133) Approximately what percent of the original radioactivity is left after six half-lives:
A..005 B.10 C.33.3 D.2

Q.134) The velocity of all electromagnetic radiation is:

A.186,000 miles per second B.18,600 miles per second C.1,860,000 miles per second D.1,860

Q.135) The radiation intensity of a radioisotope:

A.increases with time B.decreases with time C.is not affected as time elapses D.none of the above

L1 Q.136) The selection of one test method over another is usually the decision of the Lvl I technician performing the test.
A.True B.False

L1 Q.137) ASNT provides a service for examining Lvl I, II, and III personnel in the General and Specific areas.
A.True B.False

L1 Q.138) If the SNT-TC-1A doc is to be used as a recommended guideline, the "Written Practice" must be submitted to ASNT for approval.
A.True B.False

L1 If the SNT-TC-1A guidlines are to be followed, the Lvl III technician should have the Q.139) knowledge of other commonly used methods of NDT even though cert is needed in only the radiographic area.
A.True B.False

L1 A Lvl I technician performing a radiographic test is permitted* to accept or reject the Q.140) part provided that written instructions or procedures are given to him by a Lvl II or Lvl III. (*in accordance with SNT-TC-1A)
A.True B.False

L1 To comply with the guidelines of SNT-TC-1A, all three lvls of technicians must take a Q.141) "General", "Practical", and "Specific" test if examinations are used to determine certification.
A.True B.False

L1 The 1980 Edition of SNT-TC-1A permits the employer to waive an examination for Lvl Q.142) III personnel provided that documentation is on file showing the technician's qualifications.
A.True B.False

L1 Q.143) It is essential that every employer that uses the SNT-TC-1A doc establish a "Written Practice".
A.True B.False

L1 Q.144) An advantage of radiography is that it reveals internal discontinuities with access to only one side of the part being inspected.
A.True B.False

L2 Q.145) The "latent image" refers to an image on the radiograph that cannot be seen without the aid a high intensity viewer.
A.True B.False

Q.146)
A.True B.False

L2 Visible light has a longer wavelength than X and Gamma rays.

L2 Q.147) The "electromagnetic spectrum" describes the family of electromagnetic waves relative to their frequency and wavelength.
A.True B.False

Q.148)
A.True B.False

L2 The higher the "amplitude" of an electromagnetic wave, the higher the energy.

Q.149)
A.True B.False

L2 High freq and short wavelength rays are best able to penetrate opaque materials.

Q.150)
A.True B.False

L2 X-rays have a higher freq than visible light and therefore have a higher velocity.

L2 Q.151) The term '' absorption'' refers to the ability of a material to permit X-rays to penetrate without loss of energy.
A.True B.False

Q.152)
A.True B.False

L2 When X-ray film is developed, the portion that was exposed to radiation turns dark.

Q.153)
A.True B.False

L2 The wavelength of a typical X-ray is usually considered to be several miles long.

Q.154)
A.True B.False

L2 Wavelength is usually described as the distance between two angstrom units.

L2 Q.155) Frequency is described as the number of electromagnetic waves that pass a given point in one second.
A.True B.False

L2 Q.156) If the discontinuity in an object was less dense than the specimen, then it would appear on the film as a dark spot.
A.True B.False

Q.157)
A.True B.False

L2 Angstrom units are used to measure the wavelength of X and Gamma rays.

L2 Q.158) A "cycle" is considered to be one complete wave either from peak to peak or trough to trough.
A.True B.False

Q.159)
A.True B.False

L2 The "freq" of an X or gamma ray is measured in cycles per second.

L3 Q.160) Sensitivity in a radiograph is usually considered to be a function to be a function of Contrast and Definition.
A.True B.False

L3 Q.161) Inherent unsharpness causes poor contrast & definition but can be eliminated by using a longer source-to-film distance.
A.True B.False

L3 Q.162) Scattered radiation and an excessive specimen-to-film distance will both cause a loss of definition.
A.True B.False

L3 Q.163) Geometric unsharpness can be improved by keeping the film as close as possible to the specimen during an exposure.
A.True B.False

Q.164)
A.True B.False

L2 Rays from the X-ray source should be parallel to the plane of the film.

L3 Q.165) Gradual changes in specimen thickness produce radiographs that show excellent definition.
A.True

B.False

Q.166)
A.True B.False

L3 Large grain films provide the best definition in a radiograph.

L3 Q.167) Internal scatter is caused by X-ray energy that has taken a new direction within the specimen being radiographed.
A.True B.False

Q.168)
A.True B.False

L3 Penumbra can be reduced by increasing the source-to-specimen distance.

L3 Q.169) A distorted image on the radiograph can be caused when the specimen is not parallel with the film.
A.True B.False

Q.170)
A.True B.False

L3 Film graininess greatly affects the amount of penumbra on a radiograph.

L3 Q.171) Back scattered radiation is often caused by low energy X-rays whose electron path was changed within the film.
A.True B.False

L3 Q.172) Contrast is considered to be the comparison between film densities on adjacent areas of the radiograph.
A.True B.False

L3 Q.173) Radiographic sensitivity is considered to be a measure of how accurately a discontinuity can be imaged.
A.True B.False

L3 Q.174) If back scatter is suspected as causing a loss of definiton, a lead letter can be placed between the film and the specimen to indicate possible scattered radiation.
A.True B.False

L3 Q.175) The best radiographic sensitivity is obtained when the radiograph has a "high contrast".
A.True B.False

L5 Q.176) A "hard" x-ray travels faster than a "soft" x-ray, and that is why the "hard" x-rays have more energy.
A.True B.False

L5 Q.177) X & Gamma rays differ in that the gamma ray is actually a particle of matter that has both mass and weight

A.True B.False

L5 Q.178) The intensity of an x-ray beam is dependent upon the amount of electrons striking the tungsten target
A.True B.False

Q.179)
A.True B.False

L5 An isotope, such as Cobalt 60, always emits rays that have a specific energy

L5 Q.180) increasing the activity of an isotope source will increase the energy of the individual rays
A.True B.False

Q.181)
A.True B.False

L5 An "ion" is a charged part of an atom that can have either a +/- charge

Q.182)
A.True B.False

L5 Photons are tiny particles of matter traveling at the speed of light

L5 Q.183) "ion production" can occur when a photon collides with an electron and knocks the electron out of the atom
A.True B.False

Q.184)
A.True B.False

L5 the "photoelectric" effect involves complete absorption of the photon

L5 Q.185) when a photon goes through a "compton" effect, secondary radiation is often produced
A.True B.False

L5 Q.186) the "bremsstrahlung" process involves the production of ion pairs when one electron collides with another
A.True B.False

L5 if a 500KEV photon enters an atom that has a binding force of 50KEV and removes an Q.187) electron by giving it an energy of 50KEV, then the new photon would have an energy of 400KEV
A.True B.False

Q.188)
A.True B.False

"primary" radiation is considered to be any radiation that has not gone through a photolectric effect

Q.189)

L5 the bremsstrahlung process may cause energy to be converted through additional

compton and photolelectric effects

A.True B.False

Q.190)
A.True B.False

L5 secondary radiation is never dangerous to the radiographer

L5 Q.191) the energy of a photon cannot be destroyed, but can be converted into other forms by the photoelectric and compton effects
A.True B.False

L5 Q.192) when the energy form of an x-ray tube has penetrated through 3 half-value layers, only 3/4 of the original energy remains
A.True B.False

L14 Q.193) filters absorb low energy radiation leaving higher average energy beams to penetrate the specimen
A.True B.False

Q.194)
A.True B.False

L14 lead screens increase photographic action

L9 Q.195) the developer solution transforms the silver bromide crystals to metallic silver causing the film to turn black
A.True B.False

Q.196)
A.True B.False

L9 "clearing time" refers to the time the film is in the stop bath(fixer)

L9 Q.197) "water spots" are usually caused by leaving the film in the rinse tank or an excess time
A.True B.False

L9 Q.198) if large areas of the film are exposed to radiation, this will cause the developer to become exhausted faster
A.True B.False

L9 Q.199) when safe-lights are used in the darkroom, there is no danger of the x-ray film being "fogged"
A.True B.False

L9 Q.200) the basic difference between types of x-ray film is due to the size of the grains of silver bromide
A.True B.False

L9 Q.201) because of the faster exposure time, the larger grain x-ray film will have the sharpest image
A.True B.False

Q.202)
A.True B.False

L9 artifacts are often caused by improper use of safe-lights in the darkroom

L9 Q.203) excessive voltage across the x-ray tube will cause static marks on the radiographic film
A.True B.False

L9 Q.204) a control strip that has been exposed under a step wedge and processed after each replenishment is also used to check excess fogging caused by safe-lights
A.True B.False

L9 Q.205) most radiographic film uses clear acetate or polyester base with emulsion on both sides
A.True B.False

L9 Q.206) coarse-grain films are advantageous because they require considerably less time in the developer, stop bath and fixer solutions
A.True B.False

L9 Q.207) the developer is an alkaline solution which requires and acetic acid solution in the stop bath (fixer) to neutralize
A.True B.False

L9 Q.208) replenishment of the developer is necessary when the densities on the control strip start to become darker
A.True B.False

L9 Q.209) the fixer solution serves to both remove unexposed silver bromide grains and to harden the emulsion layer
A.True B.False

Q.210)
A.True B.False

L9 water spots, crimp marks and static marks are all considered to be "artifacts" when they appear on the film