Introduction

TMDs

Charmonium Models

Formalism

Models for Sivers function

RESULTS

Summary

Sivers Eect and Transverse Single Spin Asymmetry in e + p J / + X

Vaibhav S. Rawoot
Department of Physics, University of Mumbai

In collaboration with Rohini Godbole (IISc Bangalore), Anuradha Misra (Mumbai U.) and Asmita Mukherjee (IIT Bombay) (arXiv:hep-ph/1201.1066)

16 April 2012

Vaibhav S. Rawoot

Introduction

TMDs

Charmonium Models

Formalism

Models for Sivers function

RESULTS

Summary

Introduction TMDs Charmonium Models Formalism Models for Sivers function RESULTS Summary

Vaibhav S. Rawoot

Introduction

TMDs

Charmonium Models

Formalism

Models for Sivers function

RESULTS

Summary

Transverse Single Spin asymmetry (SSA)

SSAs arises in the scattering of a transversely polarized proton o an unpolarised hadron or nucleon if the scattering cross section depends on the direction of polarization.

SSA for inclusive process A + B C + X dened by AN = d d d + d

Vaibhav S. Rawoot

Introduction

TMDs

Charmonium Models

Formalism

Models for Sivers function

RESULTS

Summary

Transverse Single Spin Asymmetry

From Low to High Energies

xF = 2pL / s
Slide from Leonard Gamburg talk, TRANSVERSITY 2011.
Vaibhav S. Rawoot

Introduction

TMDs

Charmonium Models

Formalism

Models for Sivers function

RESULTS

Summary

Modern Era, Transverse SSA at

s = 200 GeV at RHIC

STAR, PRL 92, 171801 (2004)

PHENIX, PRL 95, 202001 (2005)

Vaibhav S. Rawoot

Introduction

TMDs

Charmonium Models

Formalism

Models for Sivers function

RESULTS

Summary

Transverse Momentum Dependent Distributions (TMDs)

Sivers function:Unpolarised partons in a transversely polarized nucleon. N fa/p (x , k )

Transversity Distribution: Transversely polarized quarks in a transversely polarized nucleon

h1 (x )

Collins function: Fragmentation of transversely polarized quarks into an unpolarised hadron.

N Da/h

Helicity distribution: Quark densities for quark spin parallel and antiparallel with the longitudinal nucleon spin
Vaibhav S. Rawoot

g1L (x )

Introduction

TMDs

Charmonium Models

Formalism

Models for Sivers function

RESULTS

Summary

Sivers Eect
Azimuthally asymmetric distribution of unpolarised partons inside the transversely polarized nucleon. Number density of partons inside proton with transverse polarization S, three momentum p and intrinsic transverse momentum k of partons, is expressed in terms of Sivers function. 1 N ), fa/p (x , k ) = f pk fa/p (x , k ) S ( a/p (x , k ) + 2

Vaibhav S. Rawoot

Introduction

TMDs

Charmonium Models

Formalism

Models for Sivers function

RESULTS

Summary

J / Production and Transverse SSA

Here we propose charmonium production as a probe to investigate the Gluon Sivers function. We estimate SSA in photoproduction (i.e. low virtuality electroproduction) of charmonium in scattering of electrons o transversely polarized protons. In the process that we are considering, at LO, there is contribution only from a single partonic subprocess g c c : can be used as a clean probe of gluon Sivers function.

Vaibhav S. Rawoot

Introduction

TMDs

Charmonium Models

Formalism

Models for Sivers function

RESULTS

Summary

Models for J / Production

Color Singlet Model (CSM). Color Evaporation Model (CEM). NRQCD factorization approach. Color Singlet Model (CSM)
Einhorn and Ellis (1975)

pair is formed in the short-distance process in color-singlet state and has the QQ same spin and angular momentum quantum numbers as the quarkonium. wave function at origin. Color singlet Q Q

1 A(P ) = R0 Tr [O (P , 0)Pssz (P , 0)] 4 R0 is the radial function at the origin.

Recent studies shows the NLO and NNLO corrections to CSM improves the ts at TEVATRON and RHIC.
J.P. Lansberg, Eur. Phys. J. C 61, 693 (2009), Phys. Lett. B 695, 149 (2010).
Vaibhav S. Rawoot

Introduction

TMDs

Charmonium Models

Formalism

Models for Sivers function

RESULTS

Summary

Models for J / Production

Color Singlet Model (CSM). Color Evaporation Model (CEM). NRQCD factorization approach. Color Singlet Model (CSM)
Einhorn and Ellis (1975)

pair is formed in the short-distance process in color-singlet state and has the QQ same spin and angular momentum quantum numbers as the quarkonium. wave function at origin. Color singlet Q Q

1 A(P ) = R0 Tr [O (P , 0)Pssz (P , 0)] 4 R0 is the radial function at the origin.

Recent studies shows the NLO and NNLO corrections to CSM improves the ts at TEVATRON and RHIC.
J.P. Lansberg, Eur. Phys. J. C 61, 693 (2009), Phys. Lett. B 695, 149 (2010).
Vaibhav S. Rawoot

Introduction

TMDs

Charmonium Models

Formalism

Models for Sivers function

RESULTS

Summary

Color Evaporation Model (CEM)

H. Fritzsch (1977)

The cross-section for a quarkonium state H is some fraction FH of the pair with invariant mass below the M M cross-section for producing Q Q threshold, where M is the lowest mass meson containing the heavy quark Q. CEM [hA hB H + X ] = FH
2 4mM

i ,j

4m2

d s

dx1 dx2 fi (x1 , )fj (x2 , ) ij ( s )( s x1 x2 s )

Good description of photoproduction data after inclusion of higher order QCD corrections.
Eboli etal, arXiv: hep-ph/0211161 (2002). kT smearing in CEM improves the hadroproduction CDF data. Bodwin etal. arXiv:hep-ph/0504014 (2005).

Vaibhav S. Rawoot

Introduction

TMDs

Charmonium Models

Formalism

Models for Sivers function

RESULTS

Summary

NRQCD Factorization approach.

Bodwin, Braaten and Lepage (1995) It is the eective theory based on a systematic expansion in both s and v, which is heavy quark velocity within the bound state. [H ] =
n H n () On ()

n are short-distance coecients.

H () are long distance matrix elements that are formulated in terms of the On eective eld theory NRQCD.

The NRQCD factorization approach to heavy-quarkonium production is by far the most sound theoretically and most successful phenomenologically.
Butenschon and Kniehl, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 022003 (2011)

Vaibhav S. Rawoot

Introduction

TMDs

Charmonium Models

Formalism

Models for Sivers function

RESULTS

Summary

SSA and Quarkonium Production Mechanism

Single transverse spin asymmetry in heavy quarkonium production in lepton-nucleon and nucleon-nucleon collisions is studied by considering initial and nal state inteactions.
Feng Yuan, Phys. Rev. D 78, 014024 (2008)

Found that the asymmetry is very sensitive to the production mechanism. Our present study suggest another probe to compare the dierent models for the J / production.

Vaibhav S. Rawoot

Introduction

TMDs

Charmonium Models

Formalism

Models for Sivers function

RESULTS

Summary

Charmonium Production using CEM

As a rst step in our investigation of SSAs in charmonium production, we have used Color Evaporation Model for J / production. Cross section for the low virtuality electroproduction with CEM
ep e +J / +X
2 4 mD

=
2 4 mc

2 dMc c

dy dx f/e (y ) fg /p (x )

c d g c 2 dMc c

Distribution function of the photon in the electron given by William Weizsaker approximation (Kniehl (1991))
1 + (1 y )2 { y E 1 m 2 + y ln 2 2 2 y

f/e (y , E ) =

ln

+1 }.

(2 y )2 ln 2y

2 2y 2y

Vaibhav S. Rawoot

Introduction

TMDs

Charmonium Models

Formalism

Models for Sivers function

RESULTS

Summary

Generalization of CEM expression for electroproduction of J / by taking into account the transverse momentum dependence of the WW function and gluon distribution function.

e +p

e +J / +X

2 4mD 2 4mc

2 2 2 dMc c dx dxg [d k d kg ] fg /p (xg , kg ) d g c c 2 dMc c

f/e (x , k )

Vaibhav S. Rawoot

Introduction

TMDs

Charmonium Models

Formalism

Models for Sivers function

RESULTS

Summary

We assume k dependence of pdfs to be factorized in gaussian form (Anselmino etal. Eur. Phys. J. A 39, 89 (2009)) f (x , k ) = f (x )
2 1 e k / 2 k 2 k

2 k = 0.25GeV 2

For the k dependent WW function, two kind of k dependence have been used
Gaussian form as above: f/e (x , k ) = f/e (x ) Dipole form: f/e (x , k ) = f/e (x ) N 1 2 2 2 k + k0
2 1 e k / 2 k 2 k

Vaibhav S. Rawoot

Introduction

TMDs

Charmonium Models

Formalism

Models for Sivers function

RESULTS

Summary

Single Spin Asymmetry

Formalism that we have used is similar to the one used by Anselmino etal. for evaluating SSA in DY process (Anselmino etal. PRD 67, 074010
(2003))

Expression for the numerator of the asymmetry

d 4 d 4 1 = dy d 2 qT dy d 2 qT 2
2 4mD 2 4mc

[dM 2 ]

[dx dxg d 2 k d 2 kg ] N fg /p (xg , kg )

g c c f/e (x , k ) 4 (pg + p q ) 0 (M 2 ).

where q = pc + pc Partonic cross section

0 g c c (M 2 ) =

1 2 4s 1 2 1+ 1 ec [(1 + ) ln (1 + ) 2 M2 2 1 1

1 ].

2 = 4 mc /M 2
Vaibhav S. Rawoot

Introduction

TMDs

Charmonium Models

Formalism

Models for Sivers function

RESULTS

Summary

The transverse momenta qT and k have azimuthal angles q and k qT = qT (cos q , sin q , 0) k = k (cos k , sin k , 0)

k is the angle that transverse momentum of the parton k makes with x axis. ) gives an azimuthal dependence The mixed product S ( pk ) = cos k S ( pk

Vaibhav S. Rawoot

Introduction

TMDs

Charmonium Models

Formalism

Models for Sivers function

RESULTS

Summary

Expression for Asymmetry

Taking sin(q S ) as a weight, the asymmetry integrated over the azimuthal angle of J / is (J. C. Collins et al., Phys. Rev. D 73, 094023 (2006).)
AN
sin(q S )

d q [d d ]sin(q S ) d q [ d + d ]

d q [ AN =

2 4mD 2 2 [dM ] 4mc

0 ]sin(q S ) [d 2 kg ]N fg /p (xg , kg )f/e (x , qT kg ) [d 2 kg ]fg /P (xg , kg )f/e (x , qT kg ) 0 ]

d q [

2 4mD 2 2 [dM ] 4mc

where

d =

d 3 , dy d 2 qT

M xg , = e y s

Vaibhav S. Rawoot

Introduction

TMDs

Charmonium Models

Formalism

Models for Sivers function

RESULTS

Summary

Gluon Sivers function

Parameterization for Gluon Sivers Function N fg /p (x , k ) = 2 Ng (x ) h(k ) fg /p (x )
(Anselmino etal. Eur. Phys. J. A 39, 89 (2009)) Two choices for Ng (x ) (Boer and Vogelsang Phys. Rev. D 69, 094025 (2004)) (a) Ng (x ) = (Nu (x ) + Nd (x )) /2 , (b) Ng (x ) = Nd (x ) , For u and d quarks, Nf (x ) = Nf x af (1 x )bf af , bf , Nf and M1 are best t parameters.
Vaibhav S. Rawoot

e k / k cos k 2 k

(af + bf )(af +bf ) af af bf bf

Introduction

TMDs

Charmonium Models

Formalism

Models for Sivers function

RESULTS

Summary

Models for Gluon Sivers function

We have used two models proposed by Anselmino etal.
(Anselmino etal. Eur. Phys. J. A 39, 89 (2009), Phys. Rev. D 70, 074025 (2004))

Parameterization for Gluon Sivers Function N fg /p (x , k ) = 2 Ng (x ) h(k ) fg /p (x ) Two functional forms for h(k ) Model I h (k ) = Model II h (k ) = M0 = 2k M0 2 k 2 + M0 2e
2 k k 2 /M1 e M1

e k / k cos k 2 k

2 k and M1 are best t parameters.

Vaibhav S. Rawoot

Introduction

TMDs

Charmonium Models

Formalism

Models for Sivers function

RESULTS

Summary

The best t parameters from the recent HERMES and COMPASS SIDIS data

Parameter set Nu = 0.4, au = 0.35, bu = 2.6 , Nd = 0.97, ad = 0.44, bd = 0.90 , 2 M1 = 0.19.

(Anselmino etal. arXiv:hep-ph/1107.4446 (2011)) First moment of the Sivers functions extracted from the tting procedure.

Vaibhav S. Rawoot

Introduction

TMDs

Charmonium Models

Formalism

Models for Sivers function

RESULTS

Summary

JLab and HERMES for model I with parameterization (a) and (b)
Jlab, s =4.7 GeV
(a) (b)
sin(q - s)

HERMES,
0.25 0.2
T

s =7.2 GeV

0.25 0.2
sin(q - s)
T

(a) (b)

0.15 0.1 0.05 0 -0.2 -0.1 0 y 0.1 0.2

0.15 0.1 0.05 0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2

AN

AN

0 y

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

0.25 0.2
sin(q - s)

(a) (b)
sin(q - s)

0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0

T

(a) (b)

0.15 0.1 0.05 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 qT (GeV)

AN

AN

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 qT (GeV)

Vaibhav S. Rawoot

Introduction

TMDs

Charmonium Models

Formalism

Models for Sivers function

RESULTS

Summary

COMPASS and eRHIC for model I with parameterization (a) and (b)
COMPASS,
0.25 0.2
sin(q - s)
T T

s =17.33 GeV

eRHIC,
0.25 0.2
sin(q - s)

s =31.6 GeV

(a) (b)

(a) (b)

0.15 0.1 0.05 0 -1.5

0.15 0.1 0.05 0 -1.5

AN

-1

-0.5

0 y

0.5

1.5

AN

-1

-0.5

0 y

0.5

1.5

0.25 0.2
sin(q - s)

(a) (b)
sin(q - s)

0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0

T

(a) (b)

0.15 0.1 0.05 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 qT (GeV)

AN

AN

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 qT (GeV)

Vaibhav S. Rawoot

Introduction

TMDs

Charmonium Models

Formalism

Models for Sivers function

RESULTS

Summary

eRHIC for model I with parameterization (a) and (b)

eRHIC,
0.14 0.12
sin(q - s)

s =158.1 GeV
(a) (b)

0.1 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 y 0.5 1 1.5

AN

0.14 0.12
sin(q - s)

(a) (b)

0.1 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 qT (GeV)

AN

Vaibhav S. Rawoot

Introduction

TMDs

Charmonium Models

Formalism

Models for Sivers function

RESULTS

Summary

COMPASS for model I and II with parameterization (a) and (b)

COMPASS,
0.12 0.1
sin(q - s)

s =17.33 GeV

COMPASS,
0.35 0.3
sin(q - s)

s =17.33 GeV

I (a) II (a)

I (b) II (b)

0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 y 0.5 1 1.5

0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 y 0.5 1 1.5

AN

0.12 0.1
sin(q - s)

AN

I (a) II (a)
sin(q - s)

0.35 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0

I (b) II (b)

0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 qT (GeV)

AN

AN

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 qT (GeV)

Vaibhav S. Rawoot

Introduction

TMDs

Charmonium Models

Formalism

Models for Sivers function

RESULTS

Summary

COMPARE all experiments for model I with parameterization (a)

0.12 0.1
sin(q - s) T

0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0 -1.5

sin(q - s) T

I (a) -JLab I (a) -HERMES I (a) -COMPASS I (a) -eRHIC-1 I (a) -eRHIC-2

0.12 0.1 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0 0

I (a) -JLab I(a) -HERMES I(a) -COMPASS I(a) -eRHIC-1 I(a) -eRHIC-2

AN

AN

0.1

0.2

-1

-0.5

0 y

0.5

1.5

0.3 0.4 0.5 qT (GeV)

0.6

0.7

0.8

Vaibhav S. Rawoot

Introduction

TMDs

Charmonium Models

Formalism

Models for Sivers function

RESULTS

Summary

Gaussian and Dipole form of WW function

COMPASS,
0.3 0.25 ANsin(qT- s) 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0 -1.5

s =17.33 GeV

Gaussian dependence, I (a) Dipole dependence, I (a) Gaussian dependence, I (b) Dipole dependence I (b)

-1

-0.5

0 y

0.5

1.5

Vaibhav S. Rawoot

Introduction

TMDs

Charmonium Models

Formalism

Models for Sivers function

RESULTS

Summary

Summary and Future Projections

Transverse SSA in electroprduction of J / using the 2 models for gluon Sivers function is estimated. As a rst step of this study, Color Evaporation Model for J / production is used. Found sizable asymmetry in the energies of JLab, HERMES, COMPASS and eRHIC experiments. Worthwhile to look at SSAs in charmonium production both from the point of view of comparing dierent models of charmonium production as well as comparing the dierent models of gluon Sivers function.

$ Thank You $

Vaibhav S. Rawoot