Text Book Series

MATHEMATICS

CLASS FIVE

TEST TAKING S TRATEGIES

Remember these six test-taking strategies that will help you do well on tests.

A.

Understand The Question

Look for important words Turn the question into a statement: I need to find out .

B.

Get Information For The Answers

Get information from text Get information from pictures, Maps, Diagrams, Tables, Graph

C.

Plan How To Find The Answer

Think about problem-solving Choose calculating methods

D.

Make Smart Choices

Eliminate wrong answers Try working backward from an answer Check answers for reasonableness and estimate

E.

Use Writing In Math

Make your answer brief but complete Use words from the problem and use Math terms accurately Describe steps in order Draw pictures if they help you to explain your thinking

F.

Improve Written Answers

Check if your answer is complete Check if your answer is clear and easy to follow Check if your answer makes sense

TABLE OF CONTENT
1.0 NUMBERS AND NUMBERALS UP TO 1,000,000 1.1 Number names for numerals up to 1,000,000 1.2 1.3 Comparing numbers up to 1,000,000 Try test 1

2.0

SET OF NUMBERS 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Multiples and factors of numbers Prime numbers and test for factors Subsets of numbers Try Test 2

3.0

COLLECTING AND HANDLING DATA 3.1 3.2 3.3 Block graph and bar graph Stem-and-leaf Try Test 3

4.0

ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Adding 5-digit and 6-digit number Word problems involving addition Subtraction from 4-digit, 5-digit or 6-digit numbers Word problems involving subtraction Try Test 4
4

5.0

MEASUREMENT OF LENGTH, CAPACITY AND MASS 5.1 5.2 Lengths of line segments Changing units of measure

6.0

SHAPE AND SPACE I 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 Lines and Rays Angles Types of Triangles Congruent sides and congruent angles Measurement of angles Try Test 6

7.0

MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 Multiplication of a four-digit number by a one-digit number Multiplication of a 3-digit number by a 2-digit number Estimating the product Dividing a 3-digit number by 1-digit number Rounding off numbers and estimating the quotients Word Problems involving multiplication Try Test 7

8.0

SHAPE AND SPACE II 8.1 8.2 8.3 Vertices of plane shapes Solid Shapes Try Test 8

9.0

AREA AND VOLUME 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 Area Area of a rectangle Area of a square Volume Volume of cuboids and cubes Try Test 9

10.0 OPERATION ON FRACTIONS 10.1 Addition of fractions with different denomination 10.2 Word Problems 10.3 Subtraction of fractions with different denominators 10.4 Word Problems 10.5 Multiplication of a fraction by a whole number 10.6 Multiplication of a whole number by a fraction 10.7 Division of fraction by whole numbers 10.8 Try Test 10

11.0 DECIMAL FRACTIONS AND PERCENTAGES 11.1 Decimal Fractions 11.2 Changing fractions to decimals 11.3 Changing decimals to fractions 11.4 Changing simple fractions to percentage 11.5 Changing percentages to fractions 11.6 Try Test 11

12.0 COLLECTING AND HANDLING DATA II 12.1 Finding the mode 12.2 Finding the median 12.3 Finding the Median and Mode from stem-and-leaf plot 12.4 Try Test

13.0 NUMBER PLANE 13.1 Position of objects in rows and columns 13.2 Points in the number plane 13.3 Ordered Pairs 13.4 Try Test 13

14.0 RATIO 14.1 Finding ratio in simplest from 14.2 Try Test 14

15.0 INVESTIGATIONS WITH NUMBERS 15.1 Properties of operations of real numbers 15.2 Using different operations with numbers 15.3 Relationship involving only one-digit number to represent a given number 15.4 Patterns in calendar numbers 15.5 Triangular and square numbers 15.6 Ordered pairs and relations 15.7 Try Test 15

16.0 MEASUREMENT OF TIME 16.1 Conversion of time from one unit into another 16.2 Addition and subtraction 16.3 Calendar 16.4 Try Test 16

TERM FORCAST
FIRST TERM
2.0 3.1 4.3 6.0 6.6 7.5 8.3 9.5 2.1 3.2 4.4 6.1 7.0 7.6 9.0 9.6 2.2 3.3 4.5 6.2 7.1 7.7 9.1 2.3 4.0 5.0 6.3 7.2 8.0 9.2 2.4 4.1 5.1 6.4 7.3 8.1 9.3 3.0 4.2 5.2 6.5 7.4 8.2 9.4

SECOND TERM
10.0 10.6 11.3 12.2 13.3 15.1 15.7 10.1 10.7 11.4 12.3 13.4 15.2 16.0 10.2 10.8 11.5 12.4 14.0 15.3 16.1 10.3 11.0 11.6 13.0 14.1 15.4 16.2 10.4 11.1 12.0 13.1 14.2 15.5 16.3 10.5 11.2 12.1 13.2 15.0 15.6 16.4

1.0

NUMBERS AND NUMERALS UP TO 10,000

There are many ways to represent a number. We would take a look at only two of them in this unit. They are numerals and number names.

1.1 NUMBER NAMES FOR NUMERALS UP TO 1,000,000

We can extend then numbers we have lent so far to 1,000,000 (seven-digit number). The numeral form uses the symbols used to write numbers: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9. The number name is the word form of numerals. Example A Write the numeral for the following number names. a) Seven million, six hundred and twenty-eight. b) Nine million, two hundred and fifty-four. c) Three hundred thousand, three hundred and ninety.

a) 7000628 b) 9000254 c) 300390

Example B Write the number names for the following a numerals. a) 47023 b) 6020678 c) 30428

a) Forty seven thousand and twenty-three. b) Six million, twenty thousand, six hundred and seventy-eight. c) Thirty thousand, four hundred and twenty eight.
10

TRY TEST
1. Write the numerals for the following; a) Six thousand and seventy-two. b) Nineteen thousand, nine hundred and sixteen. c) Twenty-four million, nine hundred and nine.

2. Write the number names for the following; a) 40302 b) 7305 c) 874044 NOTE: In order to write numerals for number names, listen to yourself as you pronounce the numeral. That is; Twenty one thousand and thirty two = 21,000 + 32 = 21032

1.2

COMPARING NUMBERS UP TO 1,000,000

To compare numbers, we follow some rules. The rules are; Rule (1): Count the number digits. The number having more digits is greater than the other with fewer digits. Look at the following pair of numbers. a) 4976 and 923 b) 5027 and 68 c) 4976 4 digits d) 5027 4 digits

923 3 digits 68 2 digits

11

Rule (2): If the two numbers have the same number of digits, star comparing the digits from the extreme left place of the numbers. The number having the greater digit on the extreme left is greater. Consider the numbers 4897 and 7269. 4897 Since 4

7269 7

Rule (3): If the two digits from the extreme left of both the numbers are the same, then we compare the third digit from the left of the number and so on. Take a look at the following. a) 3 8 8 6

3 8 9 2

b)

9 1 4 3 6 7

9 1 4 3 6 2

Thus, starting from the extreme left, we compare the numbers the numbers digit by digit until the greater number is decided.

Example A Which is smaller, 6028 or 5937?

6028 and 5937 have the same number of digits. 6 0 2 8 5 9 3 7 6

5 hence

6028

12

5937

Thus 5937 is smaller than 6028.

Example B Which one is greater, 75369 or 75469? 75369 and 75469 have the same number of digits.

7 5 3 6 9 7 5 4 6 9 3 Hence 75369

75469

Thus, 75469 is greater than 75369.

Example C Arrange the following numbers in ascending order. 365780, 367890, 5388, 20367 and 20362.

365780 6-digit

367890 6-digit

5388 4-digit

20367 5-digit

20362 5-digit

3 6 5 7 8 0 3 6 7 8 9 0 5

2 0 3 6 7 2 0 3 6 2

2 20362

367890

365780

20367

Hence, arranging the numbers in ascending order, we have; 5388 , 20362 , 20367 , 365780 , 367890
13

TRY TEST
1. write the numbers between the follow; a) 2678 and 2683 c) 8909 and 8914 b) 3997 and 4002 d) 15546 and 16551 2. Write the numerals for the following. a) Seven million and nine. b) Thirty-two million and fifty-four. 3. Write the number names for the following; a) 712367 b) 500609 c) 834044 d) 310276 4. Arrange the following numbers in descending order, 2468 , 63421 , 743 , 110324 , 110342. 5. Compare the following numbers with a) 7234 b) 8018 7324 710

or

5971 1026

c) 2899 d) 6012

6. There are 1880 boys and 1808 girls in a school. Which group is larger, boys or girls. 6. Owusu earns GH4097 per year and his brother earns GH 4097. Who earns more? 7. A function was attended by 2570 adults and 1275 children. Who were more, adults or children?

14

2.0

SET OF NUMBERS

A set is a collection of objects or things of the same kind or type. For example, a set of rainbow colours are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet. The set of whole numbers is a clearly defined collection of numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc. Set of objects are usually contained in a curly bracket. The symbol for curly bracket is For example the set of the first five alphabets is written as Each item is separated by a comma ( Example A List the members in the following sets. a) The set of vowels b) The set of counting numbers a, b, c, d, e .

, ).

a)

a , e , i , o , u

b)

1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5.

Example B List the numbers in the following sets. a) b) Whole numbers between 20 and 28 Even numbers between 20 and 30

a) b)

21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 22, 24, 26, 2

15

TRY TEST
1. Find the elements of the sets define below. a) Even numbers between 26 and 36.

b) Natural numbers less than 10.

c) Prime numbers between 30 and 50

d) Multiples of 4 less than 18

2.2 MULTIPLES AND FACTORS OF NUMBERS

A multiple of a number, when divided by the number itself, leaves zero as the remainder. For example, 28 is a multiple of 7. That is, when 28 is divided by 7 the result is exactly 4. Consider the multiplication facts, 8 x 5 = 40. 40 is the product of 5 and 8.

16

40 is the multiple of 5. 40 is also the multiple of 8. 5 and 8 both divide to exactly. Look at the following. 1 x 8 2 x 8 3 x 8 4 x 8 5 x 8

8 8, 16, 24,

8 32,

HG8

40 are all multiples of 8. 2, 3, and so on we get the multiples

Thus, by multiplying a number by 1, of the number.

Example A What are the first four multiples of a) 2, 4, 6, 8 a) 2 b) 7, 14, b) 7 21, 28

Example B Find the first three multiples of 6. 6 x 1 = 6, 6 x 2 = 12, and 6 x 3 = 18.

Hence, the first three multiples of 6 are 6, 12 and 18. Example C Find the multiples of 11 which lie between 50 11 x 4 = 44; 11 x 7 = 77; Now, 44 and 80. 11 x 6 = 66;

11 x 5 = 55; 11 x 8 = 88. and 88

50

80.

The multiples of 11 which lie between 50 and 80 are 55, 66, 77.
17

Example D Is 744 a multiple of 24? Let us first find whether 744 is divisible by 24. 31 24 744 - 72 24 24 We find 24 x 31 = 744; remainder Hence, 744 is a multiple of 24. = 0

18

FACTORS
If a given number is divisible by another leaving non remainder, the two numbers are both factors of the given number. Consider the multiplication fact 10 x 2 = 20. We have learnt that 20 is a multiple of 10 and also of 2. We say 10 is a factor of 20. 2 is also a factor of 20. That is, 10 divides 20 exactly and 2 divides 20 exactly.

Now, in order to find out all the factors of 20. 20 can be written as 1 x 20 = 20; 2 x 10 = 20; 20. Thus the factors of 20 are 1, 2, 4, 5, 10 and 4 20. x 5 =

Note: For every number, 1 is the smallest factor and the greatest is the number itself.

Example A Find all the factors of 12. 1 2 3 x x x 12 6 4 = = = 12 12 12 1 2 3 and and and 12 are factors of 12. 6 4 are factors of 12. are factors of 12.

Example B Write all the factors of 30 1 x 30 = 30. 30; 2 x 15 = 30; 3 x 10 = 30; 5 x 6 =

Thus, all the factors of 30 are 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15 and 30.

19

Example C a) 19 9 171 0 171 is divisible by 19 thus, 19 is a factor of 171 - 171 b) 28 7 200 196 4

200 is not exactly divisible by 28 since it leaves a remainder other than zero. Thus, 28 is not a factor of 200.

2.2

PRIME NUMBERS AND TEST FOR FACTORS

A prime number is a counting number that has exactly two factors, 1 and itself. For example, 5 is a prime number because its factors are only 1 and 5. Note that 1 is not a prime number because it has. Only one factor not two. 8 is not a prime number because it has more than two factors i. e 1, 2, 4 and 8. Numbers like 8 that have more than two factors are called composite numbers. A method known as Eratosthenes sieve is used in finding prime numbers. It is as follows; 1. In your book write the numbers from 1 to 50 in ten rows. 2. Cross out 1; 1 is not a prime number. 3. Cross out all the multiples of 2, except 2. 4. Cross out all the multiples of 3, except 3. 5. 4 and its multiples are already crossed out. Next cross out all the multiples of 5, except 5, and so on. 6. Proceed is this manner. Finally circle all the numbers which are not crossed out. These are the prime numbers between 1 and 50.
20

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
FACTOR TREE AND PRIME FACTORS
When a factor is also a prime number, it I called prime factor. We can use a factor tree for prime factorization. Factor tree help us to write a number as a product of its prime numbers knowing the multiplication tables will help you do this quickly. Take a careful look at the following examples.

Example A 6

Example B 12

6 = 2 x 3

12 = 2 x 2 x 3
21

Example C 18

3 18 = 2 x 3 x 3

TRY TEST
Sometimes it may be possible to find the factors of a number by inspecting the digits of the number. A divisibility rule determines if a whole number is divisible by another number. Divisibility rules are useful when it is required to determine factors of given number. The rule for divisibility for 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 are given below. Rule 1: A number is divisible by 2. If the last digits of the number is even or 0. Rule 2: A number is divisible by 3. If the sum of the digits of the number is divisible by 3. Rule 3: A number is divisible by 4. If the number formed by its last two digits is divisible by 4. Rule 4: A number is divisible by 5. If its last digit is either 5 or 0. Rule 5: A number is divisible by 6. If the unit digit is even and the sum of its digits is divisible by 3. Rule 6 : A number is divisible by 7. If the unit digit is doubled and subtracted from the number formed by the remaining digits; the result is divisible by 7. Rule 7: A number is divisible by 8. If the number formed by its last three digits is divisible by 8.
22

Rule 8: A number is divisible by 9. If the sum of its digits is divisible by 9. Rule 9: A number is divisible by 10. If the last digit is 0.

2.3

SUBSETS OF NUMBERS

A subset is a set formed from an existing set. Objects in the subset are all found in the original set. Every set has the empty set as its subset. An empty set is a set without any member. It is represented by or . An empty set is also known as a null set.

Example A

Make 4 subset from the set a) 1, 2, 3 b) 4,

1, 5,

2, 6

3,

4,

5,

c) 1,

3,

d)

3,

4,

23

TRY TEST
1. Complete the following a. Kofi, Ama, Adwoa, . , .. , .. b. Chair, Pencil, reading book, . , .. ,

2. Name each of the collection in question 1. a. b.

3. Find the elements of the sets defined below. a. Even numbers between 26 and 36. b. Prime numbers less than 10.

4. Describe the following sets. a. b. 4, 6, 8, 10 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 is is .

24

5. Write the following numbers. a. Multiples of 6 which lie between 25 and 50.

b. Multiples of 8 which lie between 40 and 80.

6. Write True or False a. 72 is a multiple of a .. b. 62 is a multiple of 7 .

7. Write all the factors of the following. a. 14 b. 3 c. 36

d. 30

8. Write down the set of prime numbers. a. Between 1 and 20. b. Between 30 and 40.

9. Write out the product of the prime factors of the following. a. 18 b. 30 c. 36 d. 16

25

10. a. 8 ,

Fill in the gaps. , 24 , , , 40

b. 49,

14

26

3.0 COLLECTING AND HANDLING DATA BLOCK GRAPH

Block graph is a chart for representing data. It consists of a wet of block stacked in columns of different height. One block represents one observation. Block graphs are useful in crating visual representations of the number of occurrences of different categories of event.

Example A represent the information below by a block graph. Below is a table of the length of pupils pencils. Length of Pencils N0: of Pupils 19 6-7 cm 10 8-9 cm 11 10-11 cm 18 12-13 cm 8 14-15 cm 9

17

15

13

11
27

1 6-7 cm 8-9 cm 10-11 cm 12-13 cm 14-15 cm

28

TRY TEST
Represent the following information in a block graph.

CLASS N0: OF GIRLS

19 17 15 13 11 9 7 5 3 1 Basic 1 Basic 2

Basic 1 Basic 2 Basic 3 Basic 4 18 14 12 11

Basic 5 Basic 6 10 9

Basic 3

Basic 4
29

Basic 5

Basic 6

BAR GRAPH
Bar Graph is a chart for representing statistical data. It consists of a set of vertical bars of different heights. The bar graphs are useful in creating visual representations of the number of occurrences of different categories of events. Example B The bar graph below shows the choices the choices of primary five pupils who were asked to name their favourite drink. 8

Number Of People

4 3 2

1 Tea Coffee
Favorite Drink
30

Milo

Cocoa

Use the graph to answer the following questions.

1. What is the total number of pupils in the class?

2. How many pupils selected Milo?

3. What is the maximum number of pupils who chose a particular drink?

4. How many more pupils chose tea over Cocoa?

5. How many pupils chose the two least drinks in the class?

31

3.2

STEM-AND-LEAF

Information displayed on a stem-and-leaf plot helps for easy understanding and comparison.

Example A Make a stem-and-leaf plot for the numerical values below and find how many members are in the; a) 10s 26 26 35 19 23 12 b) 20s 21 28 30 13 22 25 c) 30s 28 17 22 20 32 32 d) 40s 17 41 34

36 26

24 39

27

33

13

18

21

STEM 1 2 3 4

9, 6, 2, 1

3, 1, 5,

7, 8, 0,

7, 0, 2,

2, 6, 4,

3, 3, 6,

LEAF 8 8, 2, 3, 9

5,

2,

4,

7,

1,

32

NOTE: The first number of the figure is the stem and the second number is the leaf. a) b) c) d) There are 7 members in the 10s. There are 14 members in the 20s. There are 8 members in the 30s. There is 1 member in the 40.

3.3

TRY TEST

1. The graph below shows the days of the week on which pupils were born.

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Mon Tue Wed Thur Fri Sat Sun

33

Answer the following questions.

1. What is the total number of pupils in the class? 2. Which day has the highest number of pupils born? 3. Which day has the least number of births? 4. How many pupils were born on Sunday? 5. How many pupils were born on Monday and Wednesday? 6. How many pupils were born on Friday and Sunday?

2. Below is the number of marks scored by some pupils in a school in examination. 66 59 65 43 43 62 63 60 60 66 60 59 67 47 59 53 53 62 46 38 58 61 61 46 62 58 52 66 66 58 42 64 50 56 56 57 32 66 68 62 62 40 46 49 66 50 50 44

Represent the information a stem-and-leaf plot and use it to answer the questions below.
34

1. What is the total number of pupils in the class?

2. What is the highest mark in the examination?

3. What is the lowest mark in the examination?

35

4.0

ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION

We learnt about how to add 3-digit or 4-digit numbers in book 4. In this unit we will learn how to add 5-digit or 6-digit numbers. The basic idea is that numbers can be broken apart and combined in many ways.

Example A Arrange the numbers in columns and follow these steps. Step 1 Th 4 + 2 H 2 6 T 5 3 O 3 1 4 Add the ones. 3 + 1 = 4 Write 4 in the ones column.

Step 2 Th 4 + 2 H 2 6 T 5 3 8 Step 3 Th 4 + 2 H 2 6 8 T 5 3 8 O 3 1 4
36

O 3 1 4

Add the ones. 5

3 = 4

Write 8 in the tens column .

Add the ones. 2

6 = 8

Write 8 in the hundreds column .

Step 4 Th 4 + 2 6 H 2 6 8 T 5 3 8 O 3 1 4 Add the ones. 4 + 2 = 6

Write 6 in the thousands column .

Thus, 4253 + 2631 = 6884

4253 and 2631 are called addends. 6884 is the sum of 4253 and 2631. 4 + 2 6 2 6 8 5 3 8 3 1 4 Addend Addend Sum

Example B Add 53042 and 32321. Step 1 Tth 5 + 3 Th 3 2 H 0 3 T 4 2 O 2 1 Arrange the digits of the given numbers in columns.

37

Step 2 Tth 5 + 3 Th 3 2 H 0 3 T 4 2 O 2 1 3 Add the ones

Step 3 Tth 5 + 3 Th 3 2 H 0 3 T 4 2 6 O 2 1 3 Add the tens.

Step 4 Tth 5 + 3 Th 3 2 H 0 3 3 T 4 2 6 O 2 1 3 Add the hundreds.

Step 5 Tth 5 + 3 Th 3 2 5 H 0 3 3 T 4 2 6 O 2 1 3
38

Add the thousands.

Step 6 Tth 5 + 3 8 Th 3 2 5 H 0 3 3 T 4 2 6 O 2 1 3 Add the ten thousands.

Thus, 53042 + 32321 = 85363 In add six-digit numbers, we follow the same method.

Example C Hth Tth 3 + 6 9 1 5 6 Th 4 3 7 H 3 0 3 T 8 1 9 O 2 2 4 Add 314382 and 653012

The sum is 967394.

39

Example D Add 406905 and 456184 Arrange the numbers in columns as shown below. Hth Tth 1 4 + 4 8 0 5 6 Th 1 6 6 3 9 1 0 0 8 8 5 4 9 H T O

Add the ones. 5 + 4 Add the tens. 0

9 8 = 1 0

+ 8 = + 1

Add the hundreds. 9 Carry to thousands Add the thousands. 1 Carry to ten thousands

6 +

1 3

Add the ten - thousands. 1 Add the hundred-thousands. The sum is 863089.

+ 4

0 +

+ 4

= = 8

40

4.2

WORD PROBLEMS INVOLVING ADDITION

In mathematics, words and phrases like sum, total altogether and in all represents addition.

Example A A shopkeeper has 1673 bags of wheat, 3670 bags of rice and 546 bags of cereals in his store. Find the total number of bags of grains in his store. Numbers of bags of wheat Number of bags of rice Number of bags of cereals = = = 1 6 7 3 3 6 7 0 + 8 8 9

The shopkeeper has 5889 bags of grains in his store.

Example B Richric earns GH88368 more than Eric in a year. If Eric earns GH109794 yearly, how does Rich earn in a year?

Erics yearly earnings Richrics earnings

= = = =

GH109794 Erics earnings + GH88368 GH109794 + GH88368 GH198162

Richric earns GH198162 in year.

41

4.3

SUBTRACTUIB FROM 4-DIGIT, 5-DIGIT OR 6-DIGIT NUMBERS

We subtract a 5 or 6-digit number from another number in the same way as we subtract a 4-digit number from another number.

Example A Subtract 4623 from 8935. Arrange the number in columns with the greater number above the smaller one and follow these steps.

Step 1 Th 8 answer. - 4 H 9 6 T 3 2 O 5 3 2 subtracts the ones. 5 - 3 = 2 Write 2 in the ones column of the

Step 2 Th 8 - 4 H 9 6 T 3 2 1 O 5 3 2 subtracts the ones. 3 - 2 = 1 Write 1 in the tens column.

42

Step 3 Th 8 - 4 H 9 6 3 T 3 2 1 O 5 3 2 subtracts the ones. 9 - 6 = 3 Write 3 in the hundreds column.

Step 4 Th 8 - 4 4 H 9 6 3 T 3 2 1 O 5 3 2 subtracts the ones. 8 - 4 = 4 Write 4 in the thousands column.

8935

4623

4312

4312 is the difference of 8935 and 4623.

In a subtraction, the number from which another number is subtracted is called the minuend. The number which is being subtracted is called the subtracted the answer we get after subtraction is called the difference. 8 - 4 4 9 6 3 3 2 1 5 3 2 Minuend Subtracted Difference

43

4.4
Example A

WORD PROBLEM INVOLIVING SUBTRACTION

A farmer produced 2556 bags of wheat in 2002 and 1298 bags of wheat in 2003. In which year did he produce more wheat and by how much? Amount of wheat produced in 2002 = 2556 bags. Amount of wheat produced in 2003 = = 1298 bags. 1258

The farmer produced 58 more bags of wheat in 20

Example B There are 32837 teak tress in two farms. If there are 19345 trees in one farm, how many are there in the other? Total number of trees in the two farms. = Number of trees in one farm = Number of trees in the second farm 32837 19345 = = There are 13492 trees in the second farm. 328237 13492 - 1934

44

Example C A house costs GH506000. Baduwaa much more money is required, if she wants to buy this house? The cost of the house Amount with Baduwaa The amount required = = = = GH506000 GH14890 GH506000 GH357310 GH148690

Baduwaa needs GH357310 more to buy the house.

TRY TEST
1. Add the following numbers. (a) 6 8 4 7 8 6 6 3 4 7 Th Th H T O

(b) +

5 3

6 2

5 3

9 0

2 6

Th

Th

45

(c)

5 4

3 2

1 8

7 1

Th

Th

+ 1

(d)

6 2 4

3 5 4

2 4 6

5 8 7

7 6 2

Th

Th

2. Add the following numbers. (a) 6 2 + 7 6 1 2 4 8 4 2 5 0 5 8 0 3 1 3 9 2 + 4 0 1 6 4 3 2 7 1 3 9 3 1 2 1 5

(b)

6 + 7

3 2

6 4

3 0

7 5

4 4 +

7 5

8 3

5 3

4 7

2 9

6 3

46

3. Arrange in columns and add; (a) (b) (c) (d) 756387 845617 513580 733345 and and and and 893108 978346 234789 334556

4. Find the sum (a) (b) (c) (d) 456654 554432 44322 334451 + + + + 445676 223432 33224 776683

5. There are 46783 beads in one packet and 52421 beads in another. If all the beads are put together in one bag, how many beads will there be?

47

6. The number of students in two shifts of a school are 72342 and 93459. How many students are there in all the school?

7. Subtract the following; (a) 4 - 3 9 9 3 2 2 1 (b) 8 1 3 2 4 2 6 4

(C) -

9 5

5 3

6 3

8 2

(d) -

7 4

3 2

5 2

2 0

48

8. A man bought 20503 bananas. He sold 19783 of them in a day. How many bananas were left unsold that day?

9. Toffees were bought to be distributed among 32004 children on childrens day. It was found that there were only 28768 toffees. How many more toffees have to be bought so that all the children get one toffee each?

49

10. Sarah earned GH21290 in year. He saved GH18752. How much did she spend during the year?

50