Oracle Overview

Oracle Corporation: is an American multinational corporation that specializes in developing and

marketing enterprise software products, particularly database management systems. In 2007
Oracle ranked third on the list of largest software companies in the world, after Microsoft and
IBM
Address:
500 Oracle Parkway
Redwood Shores, California 94065
U.S.A.

Telephone: (650) 506-7000

Fax: (650) 506-7200
http://www.oracle.com/

Incorporated: 1977 as System Development Laboratories

Employees: 41,650
Sales: $10.2 billion (2004)
Stock Exchanges: NASDAQ
Ticker Symbol: ORCL

Publishes two magazines: Oracle and Profit

1977: System Development Laboratories, the precursor to Oracle, is founded.
1978: The Oracle Relational Database Manager Program is developed.
1982: Oracle forms its first international subsidiary, Oracle Denmark.
1983: The Company becomes Oracle Corporation.
1986: Oracle goes public on NASDAQ and debuts its SQL*Star software.
1987: Oracle ranks as the world's largest database management software
company.
1991: The Company experiences its first fiscal loss.
1992: Nippon Steel Corporation buys a stake in Oracle Japan; Oracle7 makes its
debut.
1997: Network Computer Inc. is established.
1999: Oracle Japan goes public.
2000: Oracle E-Business Suite 11i and Technology Network (OTN) Xchange are
introduced.
2001: Oracle's database system is the first to pass nine industry standard security
evaluations.
2003: Oracle attempts a hostile takeover of rival PeopleSoft.
2004: Department of Justice files multiple antitrust lawsuits to prevent Oracle's
takeover of PeopleSoft.
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Overview
Oracle Versions
2004 Oracle10g Flashback Query, Data Pump, Automatic Storage
Management.
2002 Oracle9i Release 2 RAC and Advanced Analytic Service (business
intelligence), Fine-grained auditing.
2001 Oracle9i Release 1 RAC and Advanced Analytic Service (business
intelligence), Fine-grained auditing.
2000 Oracle8i Release 2 Oracle tools integrated in middle tier: 9i Application
Server available
1999 First RDBMS on Linux
1998 Oracle8i Java support, SQLJ, XML and Oracle interMedia.
1997 Version 8 First web database, object-oriented development
and multimedia, Binary data types, Table
Partitioning. Very Large Database (VLDB) features
1995 Version 7 for 64-bit RDBMS
1994 Version 7 For PC.
1992 Version 7 for UNIX, distributed transactions, stored
procedures, triggers, declarative referential
integrity, User-Defined Functions, Cost based
optimizer, Varchar2 datatype, ANSI SQL92, Parallel
operations including query, load, and index creation
1988 Version 6 Oracle Financial Applications built on relational
database.
1986 Version 5 First distributed database, first true client/server
database, VAX-cluster support, and distributed
queries. Row Level Locking.
1984 Version 4 First portable toolset; first RDBMS for IBM PC,
introduced read consistency, was ported to multiple
platforms, first interoperability between PC and
server.
1982 Version 3 - First portable database (mainframes,
minicomputers, and PC); first RDBMS to support SMP

Chapter 1 | Oracle
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 1980 Version 2 - First commercial SQL database (PDP11/VAX)
1979 Version 1 - Not commercially released.
Example of an Oracle Database Release Number

Database Administrators
Each database requires at least one database administrator (DBA). An Oracle Database system
can be large and can have many users. Therefore, database administration is sometimes not a
one-person job, but a job for a group of DBAs who share responsibility.
A database administrator's responsibilities can include the following tasks:
• Installing and upgrading the Oracle Database server and application tools
• Allocating system storage and planning future storage requirements for the database
system
• Creating primary database storage structures (tablespaces) after application developers
have designed an application
• Creating primary objects (tables, views, indexes) once application developers have
designed an application
• Modifying the database structure, as necessary, from information given by application
developers
• Enrolling users and maintaining system security
• Controlling and monitoring user access to the database
• Monitoring and optimizing the performance of the database
• Backing up and restoring the database
• Maintaining archived data on tape
• Contacting Oracle for technical support

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Security Officers
In some cases, a site assigns one or more security officers to a database. A security officer enrolls
users, controls and monitors user access to the database, and maintains system security
Network Administrators
Some sites have one or more network administrators. A network administrator, for example,
administers Oracle networking products, such as Oracle Net Services

Application Developers
Application developers design and implement database applications. Their responsibilities
include the following tasks:
• Designing and developing the database application
• Designing the database structure for an application
• Estimating storage requirements for an application
• Specifying modifications of the database structure for an application
• Relaying this information to a database administrator
• Tuning the application during development
• Establishing security measures for an application during development
Application Administrators
An Oracle Database site can assign one or more application administrators to administer a
particular application. Each application can have its own administrator
Database Users
Database users interact with the database through applications or utilities. A typical user's
responsibilities include the following tasks:
• Entering, modifying, and deleting data, where permitted
• Generating reports from the data

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Tasks of a Database Administrator
The following tasks present a prioritized approach for designing, implementing, and maintaining
an Oracle Database:
Task 1: Evaluate the Database Server Hardware
• How many disk drives are available to the Oracle products
• How many, if any, dedicated tape drives are available to Oracle products
• How much memory is available to the instances of Oracle Database you will run (see
your system configuration documentation)
Task 2: Install the Oracle Database Software
For more information on what software to install, see "Identifying Your Oracle Database
Software Release".

Task 3: Plan the Database

As the database administrator, you must plan:
• The logical storage structure of the database
• The overall database design
• A backup strategy for the database
Task 4: Create and Open the Database
After you complete the database design, you can create the database and open it for normal use.
You can create a database at installation time, using the Database Configuration Assistant, or you
can supply your own scripts for creating a database.
Task 5: Back Up the Database
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After you create the database structure, carry out the backup strategy you planned for the
database. Create any additional redo log files, take the first full database backup (online or
offline), and schedule future database backups at regular intervals
Task 6: Enroll System Users
After you back up the database structure, you can enroll the users of the database in accordance
with your Oracle license agreement, and grant appropriate privileges and roles to these users
Task 7: Implement the Database Design
After you create and start the database, and enroll the system users, you can implement the
planned logical structure database by creating all necessary tablespaces. When you have finished
creating tablespaces, you can create the database objects
Task 8: Back Up the Fully Functional Database
When the database is fully implemented, again back up the database. In addition to regularly
scheduled backups, you should always back up your database immediately after implementing
changes to the database structure.
Task 9: Tune Database Performance
Optimizing the performance of the database is one of your ongoing responsibilities as a DBA.
Oracle Database provides a database resource management feature that helps you to control the
allocation of resources among various user groups

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Overview
 Lab section

Discuss with your friends the requirements to install the operating system
and oracle version

Note*you must to install LINUX RedHat ®operating system in your PC.

Note* for girls “by yourself” don’t used ready image

Now the steps:

1. RedHat Linux partitions

Mount point Filesystem size

/ ext3 4500MB
/boot ext3 1000MB
/usr ext3 4500
swap 2*RAM 1024
/oraeng ext3 8000 MB

2. Log as root and make directory

#mkdir /disk1

#mkdir /disk2

#mkdir /disk3

#chmod -R 777 /disk1

#chmod -R 777 /oraeng

#chmod -R 777 /tmp

Chapter 1 | Oracle
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Insert oracleX cd in a drive

#mount /mnt/cdrom

#cd /mnt/cdrom

Then copy all the files and directory on the CD to disk1 “the installing
from the Harddisk more speed than CDs”

#cp -r * /disk1

Wait to complete. . . .

#cd

#eject

Insert cd2 then cd3 and copy the componentsof the CDs to /disk2
/disk3 like the last one.

#groupadd -g 600 dba

#useradd -u 601 -g dba -d /oraeng -s /bin/bash

oracle9i

#passwd oracle9i

ora123

#chgrp dba /oraeng

#chgrp dba /tmp

#chownr oracle9i /oraeng

#chownr oracle9i /tmp

Copy configuration files

Sysctl.conf to /etc & .bash_profile to /oraeng

Login as oracle9i

Chapter 1 | Oracle
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 #cd /disk1

#sh runInstaller

And take dump of oracle software and give read write execute
permission to all directories including /oraeng and /temp directory

3. Create dba group and Linux user ora9i with password. And change
the directory /oraeng and /temp group to dba and change the
ownership to ora9i user.
4. Copy system control configuration file to /etc directory and
bash_profile_configration file to user home directory
5. Login as ora9i user and execute the runinstaller from desk1 dump.
6. Follow the instruction given by The Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) and
execute the necessary script
7. The errors generated must be ignore at 71% and generate the
missing file at 86% and execute the necessary script at 100% and
finally reboot the machine.

Chapter 1 | Oracle
Overview