1.

INTRODUCTION
1.1. POST-COLONIAL THEORY Post is a prefix which means after and colonial/ colonialism means politically monopolizing new areas. Therefore, we can see that post-colonial means after the colonization. The post- colonial theory focuses on effect after the colonization. Most effects are oppressions, for instance political oppression, social/cultural oppression, and psychological oppression. Undeniable there is also economical effect. This is due to the foreign power tried to impose their values onto those colonized so that they were internalized in every field. 1.2. FEMINIST THEORY Even to date woman in many nations are being colonized, and during the colonial days they were double colonized whereby there were controlled for being a colonized citizen and also for being a woman. According to writer Sinead Caslin of The Imperial Achieve native women were wrongly define as passive and subsidiary inferiors. Feminist theory looks in to how a woman is/was being oppressed. However today, women do not seem to be oppressed as much as they were in the precolonial, colonial and post-colonial days. 1.3. SIMILARITIES THEORY. Woman Powerless Exploited Inferiors Wanted to invert structure of domination Opposed Marxism (ruling class construct and circulates ideas in order to secure the mind of the Post colonial people Powerless Exploited Inferiors Wanted to invert structure of domination Opposed Marxism (ruling class construct and circulates ideas in order to secure the mind of the OF POST-COLONIAL THEORY AND FEMINIST

working class) working class) Both theories had much in common that for some time they were seen as the same problem by the colonizing power. Literarily there were many writers of both this theories for example John Steinbeck, Ella Shohat, Jessica Valenti, Che Husna and many more.

1.4. JOHN STEINBECK John Steinbeck was born in California. He came from a moderate family. He continued at Stamford University after high school. Although he did not graduate, the university education aided him to cultivate his writing skills. In 1925 he went to New York and tried his luck as a free-lance writer, but he failed and returned to California. Just four years later he published his first book the Cup of Gold. Steinbeck kept writing short stories and novel until he found his breakthrough in 1939 when his book entitled Tortilla Flat became a bestseller. His novels can be classified as social novels focusing on the economic problems of rural labour, nevertheless there is always a streak of worship of the soil in his books. Besides writing Steinbeck had interest in marine biology. This interest took him to the Gulf of California (Sea of Cortez) which resulted to the publication of The Sea of Cortez: A leisurely Journal of Travel and Research. This remarkable trip of his also led to the birth of The Pearl the novel of our discussion. John Steinbeck saw the life of the pearl fisherman and heard their folk stories. He continues writing and attaining wards and prizes until he passed away in 1968 due to heart diseases and congestive heart failure due to his lifelong smoking.

1.5.Che Husna Azhari

An outstanding Malaysia writer, who was born on 8 th November 1955, in Melor, Kota Bahru, Kelantan. She is currently residing in Bangi, Selangor. Che Husna completed her degrees at Tengku Khurshia Collage, Seramban and Brunel University of West London. She was also awarded her PhD. in Response Engineering from Brunel University of West London too. Currently, Che Husna is a Professor at the Malaysian National University. She specializes in non-metallic material processing. She is also the director of the Center for Cooperate Planning and Communications of the Malaysian National University. Her writing gave us a picture of the Kelantan Malays culture and economy. Her short stories series Melor in Perspective classified her as a Third World Feminism Theory writer. She was comfortable to focus on people and the nature of Kelantan. Although she was a feminism writer, she was interested in novel and poems written by Thomas Hardy a Naturalist. We are going to focus on Che Husnas the series of short stories from Melor in Perspective. 1.6. Comparison of John Steinbeck and Che Husna Azhari Below is a table of comparison between both authors at obvious fields Place of Birth Education John Steinbeck Che Husna Azhari California, USA Kelantan, Malaysia Just formal writing courses PhD. In Response from Writing Genre Writing focus University of Engineering. Stamford Post Colonialism Feminist Self experience and people People and around. Kelantan.

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2. ANALYZING THE FEMINISM AND THE POST-COLONIALISM IN THE PEARL AND MELOR IN PERSPECTIVE. 2.1. The pearl. The pearl was written based on Steinbecks firsthand observation at the Gulf of California and the folklore he heard from the natives. The pearl had many indication of post-colonialism and some indication of feminism. The obvious clue is the setting of the novel. It was at the Gulf California also known as Sea of Cortez. Steinbeck clearly tells about the difference between the residence of the pearl divers and the towns men. There were evidences of injustice towards the pearl divers. Juana the wife of the protagonist was also treated unfairly in many incidents. These were some signs of feminism. We shall look deeper in to this in the following section. 2.2. Melor in perspective Melor in perspective is a series of eight short stories which revolves around Melor a village in Kelantan, Malaysia. Mariah Ustazah Inayah and Mek Teh' has a strong indications women oppressions. The women in these short stories were obliged to do things. Some were to satisfy their family, some did it because of religious believe and love for their husbands and some just to survive. Whereas, The country doctor there were signs of post-colonial, culture oppression. Just like The pearl we shall look further in to these stories in the following section. 3. EVIDENCE OF OPPRESSIONS OF WOMEN AND NATIVE IN THE PEARL 3.1. Oppressions of natives In this novel Steinbeck pictures the houses of the pearl divers/natives to be a simple brush houses (chapter1). Logically thinking, they are the ones who find the pearls but they are still poor but on the other hand the townsmen are living in plaster and brick houses. the rich people who lived in plaster houses of the town (Chapter 1) Why is this happening to them? Further in the story Steinbeck writes the natives are uneducated and the pearl buyer uses this to deceive the natives. However, after many years the natives realize they are being cheated. my son will read and open the book and will make numbers and these things make us free- he will know and through him we will know (Chapter 3)

Another evidence of how their idiocy leaves them defenseless is evidently shown at when the protagonist Kinos child Coyotito is poisoned by the cunning doctor in order to be able to revive him later and make Kino trust him. Although Kino suspected he could not be sure. But Kino was suspicious, and he could not take his eye from the doctors open bag and from the bottle of white powder there (Chapter 3) Then there was the spiritual fact, being native they were easily influenced. The church priest who did not want to marry the off before came to bless them once Kino got the pearl. Again Kino suspected but was more use to not doing anything about his feelings. The pearl buyers in this novel are just puppets to one man. Steinbeck mentioned it visibly in chapter 4. Some of the natives did not know about this. They were conned again. Even though there were some who suspected this matter they just did not do anything because the risk was too much. Nonetheless, these native did try to get out of poverty by getting an agent to sell the pearl at the capital but that lead to failure then they tried to start a man off with all they had with hopes he will help but even he went missing. These efforts and failures made them go back to the old ways sell to the pearl buyers who were already there.