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B2.0 x H2.5
Clear width
Clear height
Height of fillet
m
m
m
2.00
2.50
0.20
cm
cm
cm
20.0
20.0
20.0
Cover of reinforcement bar (between concrete surface and center of reinforcement bar)
Side wall
Outside
cm
6.0
Inside
cm
6.0
Top slab
Upper
cm
6.0
Lower
cm
6.0
Bottom slab Lower
cm
6.0
Upper
cm
6.0
Bar arrangement
Side wall
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
16@250
12@250
12@250
12@250
16@250
12@250
Top slab
Upper edge
mm
mm
mm
mm
16@250
12@250
16@250
12@250
Tensile bar
Distribution bar
Upper middle Tensile bar
Distribution bar
mm
mm
mm
mm
16@250
12@250
12@125
12@250
Upper edge
Lower edge
mm
mm
12@250
12@250
Fillet
Tensile bar
Distribution bar
Lower middle Tensile bar
Distribution bar
Fillet bar
Fillet bar
2 Design Parameters
Unit Weight
Reinforced Concrete
Backfill soil
(wet)
(submerged)
Live Load
Class of road
Truck load at rear wheel
Impact coefficient(for Class I to IV road)
Pedestrian load
gc=
gs =
gs'=
P=
Ci=
h
3
2.4 tf/m
3
1.8 tf/m
3
1.0 tf/m
Class III
5.0
0.3
0.0
0
(BM50)
tf
(D<4.0m)
(D>4.0m)
tf/m2
Concrete
(K175)
Design Strength
Allowable Compressive Stress
Allowable Shearing Stress
sck=
sca=
ta=
2
175 kgf/cm
2
60 kgf/cm
2
5.5 kgf/cm
Reinforcement Bar
(U24, deformed bar)
ssa=
ssy=
2
1,400 kgf/cm
2
3,000 kgf/cm
n=
h
Ka=
1 / 41
24
0.5
168023748.xls.ms_office/Summary
Gwd
D
t2
H
Hf
HT
Hf
t3
t1
t1
B
B
Cover of R-bar
Top Slab d2
Side Wall d1
Bottom Slab d3
0.06 m
0.06 m
0.06 m
Basic Parameters
Ka:
Coefficient of static earth pressure
gw:
Unit weight of water (t/m3)
gd:
Unit weight of soil (dry) (t/m3)
gs:
Unit weight of soil (saturated) (t/m3)
gc:
Unit weight of reinforced concrete (t/m3)
sck:
Concrete Design Strength
sca
Allowable Stress of Concrete
ssa:
Allowable Stress of Reinforcement Bar
ta:
Allowable Stress of Shearing (Concrete)
ssy:
Yielding Point of Reinforcement Bar
n:
Young's Modulus Ratio
Fa:
Safety factor against uplift
0.5
1.00
1.80
2.00
2.40
175
60
1400
5.5
3000
24
1.2
Basic Dimensions
H:
Internal Height of Box Culvert
B:
Internal Width of Box Culvert
Hf:
Fillet Height
t1:
Thickness of Side Wall
t2:
Thickness of Top Slab
t3:
Thickness of Invert (Bottom Slab)
BT:
Gross Width of Box Culvert
HT:
Gross Height of Box Culvert
D:
Covering Depth
Gwd:
Underground Water Depth
for Case 1, 2
hiw:
Internal Water Depth
for Case 1, 2
for Case 3, 4
2.50
2.00
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
2.40
2.90
1.00
1.00
0.00
2.50
Basic Conditions
Classification of Live load by truck
Class
PTM:
Truck load of Middle Tire
Impact coefficient (D4.0m:0, D<4.0m:0.3)
Ii:
am:
Ground contact length of Middle Tire
bm:
Ground contact width of Middle Tire
PTR:
Truck load of Rear Tire
ar:
Ground contact length of Rear Tire
br:
Ground contact width of Rear Tire
PTF:
Truck load of Front wheel
af:
Ground contact length of Front Tire
bf:
Ground contact width of Front Tire
qp:
Pedestrian load
3
5.00
0.3
0.10
0.25
5.00
0.10
0.25
1.25
0.10
0.25
0.00
t/m3
t/m3
t/m3
t/m3
kgf/m2
kgf/m2
kgf/m2
kgf/m2
kgf/m2
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
BJ air
BJ Tanah Kering
BJ Tanah Basah
Berat Jenis Beton
Rencana Mutu Beton
(> 0.25m)
(> 0.25m)
(> 0.25m)
(= D)
t
m
m
t
m
m
t
m
m
t/m2
Dimension of frame
t1
t1
D1
t2
H0:
B0:
D1:
Height of frame
Width of frame
Covering depth at middle of top slab
t2/2 + H + t3/2
B + t1
D + t2/2
2.700 m
2.200 m
1.100 m
H0
t3
B0
2/ 41
(1)168023748.xls.ms_office, Load
2PTM(1+Ii)(2B0-bm')/(am'B0^2) =
2D+1.75+bm =
2D+am =
1.5444 tf/m2,
4.000 m
2.100 m
B=
2.200
0.0000 tf/m2,
4.000 m
2.100 m
B=
0.000
0.0000 tf/m2,
4.000 m
2.100 m
B=
0.000
2PTM(1+Ii)/(am'bm') =
2D+1.75+bm =
2D+am =
1.5476 tf/m2,
4.000 m
2.100 m
B=
2.200
0.0000 tf/m2,
4.000 m
2.100 m
B=
0.000
0.0000 tf/m2,
4.000 m
2.100 m
B=
0.000
2PTR(1+Ii)/(ar'br') =
2D+1.75+br =
2D+ar =
1.5476 tf/m2,
4.000 m
2.100 m
B=
2.200
0.0000 tf/m2,
4.000 m
2.100 m
B=
0.000
0.0000 tf/m2,
4.000 m
2.100 m
B=
0.000
Pvt1 =
Pvt2 =
Pvt1 =
Pvt2 =
1.5444
0.0000
1.5476
0.0000
tf/m2,
tf/m2,
tf/m2,
tf/m2,
B=
B=
B=
B=
2.200
0.000
2.200
0.000
m
m
m
m
(2)
a) + b)
1.5476
(2)
(3)
a) + c) a) + b)
Distributed load total
1.5476 1.5476
Select the combination case of
1.5476 tf/m2,
for Case.L2, which is the largest load to the top slab.
In case of covering depth (D) is over 3.0m, uniform load of 1.0 tf/m2 is applied on the top slab of culvert instead of live load calculated above.
0.000 tf/m2
Ws =
Wc =
Fa=
ok
6.960 tf/m
BT*{(D-Gwd)*(gs-gw)+Gwd*gd}
(HT*BT-H*B+2*Hf^2)*gc
1.2
3/ 41
=
=
4.320 tf/m
4.896 tf/m
(1)168023748.xls.ms_office, Load
3 Load calculation
Case 1: Box Culvert Inside is Empty, Underground Water up to Top slab, Track load Case. L1
1) vertical load against top slab
Acting Load
Wtop= (t2*BT+Hf^2)*gc/B0
Pvd=Gwd*gd+(D-Gwd)*gs
Pvt1
Pvt2
5) ground reaction
Acting Load
Wbot=(t3*BT+Hf^2)*gc/B0
Wtop
Ws=Wsw*2/B0
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
Wiw=(hiw*B-2Hf^2)*gw/B0
Up=-U/B0
soil pressure
top slab
side wall (left)
side wall (right)
invert
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
side wall (left)
side wall (right)
internal water
uplift
total
6) load against invert
Acting Load
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
Wtop
Ws
Pq=
Wtop=
Pvd=
Pvt1=
Pvt2=
Pv1=
(tf/m2)
0.5673
1.8000
1.5444
0.0000
3.9117
P1=
P2=
P3=
P4=
P5=
Ph1=
(tf/m2)
0.0000
0.0000
0.9000
0.1000
0.1000
1.1000
P1=
P2=
P3=
P4=
P5=
Ph2=
(tf/m2)
0.0000
0.0000
0.9000
2.8000
2.8000
6.5000
Wsw=
(tf/m)
1.2000
Wbot=
Wtop=
Ws=
Pvd=
Pvt1=
Pvt2=
Wiw=
U=
Q=
(tf/m2)
0.5673
0.5673
1.0909
1.8000
1.5444
0.0000
0.0000
-3.1636
2.4062
V
(tf/m)
1.2480
1.2000
1.2000
1.2480
3.9600
3.3977
0.0000
0.0000
-6.9600
5.2937
H
(tf/m)
10.2600
-10.2600
-
x
(m)
1.1000
0.0000
2.2000
1.1000
1.1000
1.1000
1.1000
1.1000
1.1000
y
M
(m) (tf.m/m)
1.3728
0.0000
2.6400
1.3728
4.3560
3.7375
0.0000
1.0303 10.5705
1.0303 -10.5705
0.0000
-7.6560
5.8231
0.00
(tf/m2)
1.8000
1.5444
0.0000
0.5673
1.0909
5.0026
4/ 41
(1)168023748.xls.ms_office, Load
Case 2: Box Culvert Inside is Empty, Underground Water up to Top slab, Track load Case. L2
1) vertical load against top slab
Acting Load
Wtop= (t2*BT+Hf^2)*gc/B0
Pvd=Gwd*gd+(D-Gwd)*gs
Pvt1
Pvt2
5) ground reaction
Acting Load
Wbot=(t3*BT+Hf^2)*gc/B0
Wtop
Ws=Wsw*2/B0
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
Wiw=(hiw*B-2Hf^2)*gw/B0
Up=-U/B0
soil pressure
top slab
side wall (left)
side wall (right)
invert
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
side wall (left)
side wall (right)
internal water
uplift
total
6) load against invert
Acting Load
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
Wtop
Ws
total
Pq=
Wtop=
Pvd=
Pvt1=
Pvt2=
Pv1=
(tf/m2)
0.5673
1.8000
1.5476
0.0000
3.9149
P1=
P2=
P3=
P4=
P5=
Ph1=
(tf/m2)
0.7738
0.0000
0.9000
0.1000
0.1000
1.8738
P1=
P2=
P3=
P4=
P5=
Ph2=
(tf/m2)
0.7738
0.0000
0.9000
2.8000
2.8000
7.2738
Wsw=
(tf/m)
1.2000
Wbot=
Wtop=
Ws=
Pvd=
Pvt1=
Pvt2=
Wiw=
U=
Q=
(tf/m2)
0.5673
0.5673
1.0909
1.8000
1.5476
0.0000
0.0000
-3.1636
2.4094
V
(tf/m)
1.2480
1.2000
1.2000
1.2480
3.9600
3.4048
0.0000
0.0000
-6.9600
5.3008
H
(tf/m)
12.3493
-12.3493
-
x
(m)
1.1000
0.0000
2.2000
1.1000
1.1000
1.1000
1.1000
1.1000
1.1000
y
M
(m) (tf.m/m)
1.3728
0.0000
2.6400
1.3728
4.3560
3.7452
0.0000
1.0844 13.3910
1.0844 -13.3910
0.0000
-7.6560
5.8308
0.00
(tf/m2)
1.8000
1.5476
0.0000
0.5673
1.0909
5.0058
5/ 41
(1)168023748.xls.ms_office, Load
Case 3: Box Culvert Inside is Full, Underground Water up to invert, Track load Case. L1
1) vertical load against top slab
Acting Load
Wtop= (t2*BT+Hf^2)*gc/B0
Pvd=D*gd
Pvt1
Pvt2
5) ground reaction
Acting Load
Wbot=(t3*BT+Hf^2)*gc/B0
Wtop
Ws=Wsw*2/B0
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
Wiw=(hiw*B-2Hf^2)*gw/B0
Up=0
soil pressure
top slab
side wall (left)
side wall (right)
invert
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
side wall (left)
side wall (right)
internal water
uplift
total
6) load against invert
Acting Load
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
Wtop
Ws
total
Pq=
Wtop=
Pvd=
Pvt1=
Pvt2=
Pv1=
(tf/m2)
0.5673
1.8000
1.5444
0.0000
3.9117
P1=
P2=
P3=
P4=
Ph1=
(tf/m2)
0.0000
0.0000
0.9900
0.0000
0.9900
P1=
P2=
P3=
P4=
Ph2=
(tf/m2)
0.0000
0.0000
3.4200
-2.5000
0.9200
Wsw=
(tf/m)
1.2000
Wbot=
Wtop=
Ws=
Pvd=
Pvt1=
Pvt2=
Wiw=
U=
Q=
(tf/m2)
0.5673
0.5673
1.0909
1.8000
1.5444
0.0000
2.2364
0.0000
7.8062
V
(tf/m)
1.2480
1.2000
1.2000
1.2480
3.9600
3.3977
0.0000
4.9200
0.0000
17.1737
H
(tf/m)
2.5785
-2.5785
-
x
(m)
1.1000
0.0000
2.2000
1.1000
1.1000
1.1000
1.1000
1.1000
1.1000
y
(m)
1.3665
1.3665
-
M
(tf.m/m)
1.3728
0.0000
2.6400
1.3728
4.3560
3.7375
0.0000
3.5235
-3.5235
5.4120
0.0000
18.8911
2.500
(tf/m2)
1.8000
1.5444
0.0000
0.5673
1.0909
5.0026
6/ 41
(1)168023748.xls.ms_office, Load
Case 4: Box Culvert Inside is Full, Underground Water up to invert, Track load Case. L2
1) vertical load against top slab
Acting Load
Wtop= (t2*BT+Hf^2)*gc/B0
Pvd=D*gd
Pvt1
Pvt2
5) ground reaction
Acting Load
Wbot=(t3*BT+Hf^2)*gc/B0
Wtop
Ws=Wsw*2/B0
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
Wiw=(hiw*B-2Hf^2)*gw/B0
Up=0
soil pressure
top slab
side wall (left)
side wall (right)
invert
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
side wall (left)
side wall (right)
internal water
uplift
total
6) load against invert
Acting Load
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
Wtop
Ws
total
Pq=
Wtop=
Pvd=
Pvt1=
Pvt2=
Pv1=
(tf/m2)
0.5673
1.8000
1.5476
0.0000
3.9149
P1=
P2=
P3=
P4=
Ph1=
(tf/m2)
0.7738
0.0000
0.9900
0.0000
1.7638
P1=
P2=
P3=
P4=
Ph2=
(tf/m2)
0.7738
0.0000
3.4200
-2.5000
1.6938
Wsw=
(tf/m)
1.2000
Wbot=
Wtop=
Ws=
Pvd=
Pvt1=
Pvt2=
Wiw=
U=
Q=
(tf/m2)
0.5673
0.5673
1.0909
1.8000
1.5476
0.0000
2.2364
0.0000
7.8094
V
(tf/m)
1.2480
1.2000
1.2000
1.2480
3.9600
3.4048
0.0000
4.9200
0.0000
17.1808
H
(tf/m)
4.6678
-4.6678
-
x
(m)
1.1000
0.0000
2.2000
1.1000
1.1000
1.1000
1.1000
1.1000
1.1000
y
(m)
1.3591
1.3591
-
Ph2
(tf/m2)
6.5000
7.2738
0.9200
1.6938
Pq
(tf/m2)
5.0026
5.0058
5.0026
5.0058
Wsw
(tf/m)
1.2000
1.2000
1.2000
1.2000
q1
(tf/m2)
2.4062
2.4094
7.8062
7.8094
M
(tf.m/m)
1.3728
0.0000
2.6400
1.3728
4.3560
3.7452
0.0000
6.3440
-6.3440
5.4120
0.0000
18.8988
2.500
(tf/m2)
1.8000
1.5476
0.0000
0.5673
1.0909
5.0058
Pv1
(tf/m2)
3.9117
3.9149
3.9117
3.9149
Ph1
(tf/m2)
1.1000
1.8738
0.9900
1.7638
7/ 41
(1)168023748.xls.ms_office, Load
BJ Tanah Kering
BJ Tanah Basah
Berat Jenis Beton
Rencana Mutu Beton
(> 0.25m)
(> 0.25m)
(> 0.25m)
8/ 41
(1)168023748.xls.ms_office, Load
(3)
a) + c)
1.5476
9/ 41
(1)168023748.xls.ms_office, Load
tf/m2
tf/m2
10/ 41
(1)168023748.xls.ms_office, Load
tf/m2
tf/m2
11/ 41
(1)168023748.xls.ms_office, Load
tf/m2
tf/m2
12/ 41
(1)168023748.xls.ms_office, Load
tf/m2
tf/m2
13/ 41
(1)168023748.xls.ms_office, Load
1.100
6.500
3.912
0.000
5.003
2.200
0.000
2.700
2.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
tf/m2
tf/m2
tf/m2
tf/m2
tf/m2
m
B
m
m
H0 (t1)
m
m
A
m
m
(t2)
C
(t1)
(t3)
B0
2.63655 tfm
1.98045 tfm
1.57772 tfm
2.01772 tfm
1.0
1.2273
k3 = H0t33/(B0t13) =
1.2273
2(k1+k3)
k1
k3
-3k1
qA
k1
2(k1+k2)
k2
-3k1
qB
CBC - CBA
= CCD - CCB
CAB - CAD
k2
2(k1+k2)
k1
-3k1
qC
k3
k1
2(k1+k3)
-3k1
qD
CDA - CDC
k1
k1
k1
k1
-4k1
qB = -qC
2k1+k3
k1
qA
k1
2k1+k2
qB
3.2273
1.0
1.0
3.2273
qA
qB
R =0
=
CAB - CAD
CBC - CBA
0.61883333
-0.40273333
qC
qD
= 0.25489
= -0.20377
14/41
=
=
0.20377
-0.25489
(2)168023748.xls.ms_officeMSN
MBA = k1(2qB+qA)+CBA
1.8278 tfm
-1.8278 tfm
MCB = k2(2qC+qB)+CCB
1.8278 tfm
-1.8278 tfm
2.3305 tfm
-2.3305 tfm
MAD = k3(2qA+qD)+CAD
2.3305 tfm
-2.3305 tfm
MBA
w1
w2
MAB
Load at end A
Load at end B
Bending moment at end A
MBA
L
ch
t
d
w2
6.500 tf/m2
1.100 tf/m2
-2.3305 tfm
1.8278
2.700
0.060
0.200
0.140
tfm
m
m
m
m
L
x
A
w1
MAB
c) Bending Moment
MA = MAB
=
MB = -MBA
0.280
4.790
2.420
-3.342
m
tf
m
tf
-2.331 tfm
-1.828 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
6.5312
-6.5000 x
+
1.0000 x2 ,
x =
Bending moment at x = 1.2422
5.258
1.242
m is;
15/41
1.407 tfm
(2)168023748.xls.ms_officeMSN
Uniform load
3.912 tf/m2
Uniform load
0.000 tf/m2
Distance from end B to near end of w2 0.000 m
Length of uniform load w2
2.200 m
Bending moment at end B
-1.8278 tfm
Bending moment at end C
1.8278 tfm
Length of member (=Bo)
2.200 m
Protective covering height
0.060 m
Thickness of member (height)
0.200 m
Effective height of member
0.140 m
SBC = (w1L+w2b)/2-(MBC+MCB)/L
4.303 tf
-4.303 tf
w2
w1
C
MBC
MCB
L
in case of
0.280
3.208
1.920
-3.208
2.200 m
m
tf
m
tf
-1.828 tfm
-1.828 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the center of member due to symmetry loading distribution.
Bending moment at x = 1.100 m is;
=
0.539 tfm
Mmax = SBCx - w1x2/2 - w2(x-a)2/2 + MBC
Load at end C
Load at end D
Bending moment at end C
Bending moment at end D
Length of member (=H0)
Protective covering height
Thickness of member (height)
Effective height of member
1.100
6.500
-1.8278
2.3305
2.700
0.060
0.200
0.140
tf/m2
tf/m2
tfm
tfm
m
m
m
m
MCD
C
L
w1
x
D
w2
MDC
16/41
(2)168023748.xls.ms_officeMSN
0.280
3.342
2.420
-4.790
m
tf
m
tf
-1.828 tfm
-2.331 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
3.7288
-1.1000 x
-1.0000 x2 ,
x =
-2.558
1.458
= 1.40650 tfm
Reaction at end D
Reaction at end A
Bending moment at end B
MAD
L
ch
t
d
5.003 tf/m2
5.003 tf/m2
-2.33054 tfm
2.33054
2.200
0.060
0.200
0.140
tfm
m
m
m
m
L
MAD
MDA
w2
w1
1.100
17/41
0.696 tfm
(2)168023748.xls.ms_officeMSN
Case 2: Box Culvert Inside is Empty, Underground Water up to Top slab, Track load Case. L2
1) Calculation of Load Term
Ph1
Horizontal Pressure at top of side wall
Ph2
Horizontal Pressure at bottom of side wall
Pv1
Vertical Pressure(1) on top slab
Pv2
Vertical Pressure(2) on top slab
Pq
Reaction to bottom slab
a
Distance from joint B to far end of Pv2
b
Distance from joint B to near end of Pv2
H0
Height of plane frame
B0
Width of plane frame
t1
Thickness of side wall
t2
Thickness of top slab
t3
Thickness of invert (bottom slab)
1.874
7.274
3.915
0.000
5.006
2.200
0.000
2.700
2.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
tf/m2
tf/m2
tf/m2
tf/m2
tf/m2
m
B
m
m
H0 (t1)
m
m
A
m
m
(t2)
C
(t1)
(t3)
B0
3.10664 tfm
2.45054 tfm
1.57901 tfm
2.01901 tfm
1.0
1.22727
1.22727
2(k1+k3)
k1
k3
-3k1
qA
CAB - CAD
k1
2(k1+k2)
k2
-3k1
qB
CBC - CBA
k2
2(k1+k2)
k1
-3k1
qC
= CCD - CCB
k3
k1
0
k1
k1
k1
2(k1+k3)
k1
-3k1
-4k1
qD
R
CDA - CDC
0
qB = -qC
2k1+k3
k1
qA
k1
2k1+k2
qB
3.2273
1.0
1.0
3.2273
qA
qB
R =0
=
CAB - CAD
CBC - CBA
1.08763294
-0.87153294
0.46537
qC
0.41425
qB
= -0.41425
qD
-0.46537
18/41
(2)168023748.xls.ms_officeMSN
-2.5901 tfm
MBA = k1(2qB+qA)+CBA
2.0874 tfm
-2.0874 tfm
MCB = k2(2qC+qB)+CCB
2.0874 tfm
-2.0874 tfm
2.5901 tfm
-2.5901 tfm
MAD = k3(2qA+qD)+CAD
2.5901 tfm
MBA
w1
w2
MAB
Load at end A
Load at end B
Bending moment at end A
MBA
L
ch
t
d
w2
7.274 tf/m2
1.874 tf/m2
-2.5901 tfm
2.0874
2.700
0.060
0.200
0.140
tfm
m
m
m
m
L
x
A
w1
MAB
c) Bending Moment
MA = MAB
=
MB = -MBA
0.280
5.618
2.42
-4.170
m
tf
m
tf
-2.590 tfm
-2.087 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
7.5758
-7.2738 x
+
1.0000 x2 ,
x =
Bending moment at x = 1.2597
6.014
1.260
m is;
19/41
1.848 tfm
(2)168023748.xls.ms_officeMSN
Uniform load
3.915
Uniform load
0.000
Distance from end B to near end of w2 0.000
Length of uniform load w2
2.200
Bending moment at end B
-2.0874
tf/m2
tf/m2
m
m
tfm
MCB
L
ch
t
d
tfm
m
m
m
m
2.0874
2.200
0.060
0.200
0.140
SBC = (w1L+w2b)/2-(MBC+MCB)/L
4.306 tf
-4.306 tf
w2
w1
C
MBC
MCB
L
in case of
0.280
3.210
1.920
-3.210
2.200 m
m
tf
m
tf
-2.087 tfm
-2.087 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the center of member due to symmetry loading distribution.
Bending moment at x = 1.100 m is;
=
0.281 tfm
Mmax = SBCx - w1x2/2 - w2(x-a)2/2 + MBC
Load at end C
Load at end D
Bending moment at end C
MDC
L
ch
t
d
1.874 tf/m2
7.274 tf/m2
-2.0874 tfm
2.5901
2.700
0.060
0.200
0.140
tfm
m
m
m
m
MCD
C
L
w1
w2
MDC
20/41
(2)168023748.xls.ms_officeMSN
-2.087 tfm
-2.590 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
4.7734
-1.8738 x
-1.0000 x2 ,
x =
-3.3141
1.4403
1.8483 tfm
Reaction at end D
Reaction at end A
Bending moment at end B
MAD
L
ch
t
d
5.006 tf/m2
5.006 tf/m2
-2.5901 tfm
2.5901
2.200
0.060
0.200
0.140
tfm
m
m
m
m
L
MAD
MDA
w2
w1
-2.590 tfm
MA = -MAD
=
-2.590 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SDA - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
5.5064
-5.0058 x
,
x =
1.1000
21/41
0.438 tfm
(2)168023748.xls.ms_officeMSN
Case 3: Box Culvert Inside is Full, Underground Water up to invert, Track load Case. L1
1) Calculation of Load Term
Ph1
Horizontal Pressure at top of side wall
Ph2
Horizontal Pressure at bottom of side wall
Pv1
Vertical Pressure(1) on top slab
Pv2
Vertical Pressure(2) on top slab
Pq
Reaction to bottom slab
a
Distance from joint B to far end of Pv2
b
Distance from joint B to near end of Pv2
H0
Height of plane frame
B0
Width of plane frame
t1
Thickness of side wall
t2
Thickness of top slab
t3
Thickness of invert (bottom slab)
0.990
0.920
3.912
0.000
5.003
2.200
0.000
2.700
2.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
tf/m2
tf/m2
tf/m2
tf/m2
tf/m2
m
B
m
m
H0 (t1)
m
m
A
m
m
(t2)
C
(t1)
(t3)
B0
0.57591 tfm
0.58442 tfm
1.57772 tfm
2.01772 tfm
1.0
1.22727
1.22727
2(k1+k3)
k1
k3
-3k1
qA
CAB - CAD
k1
2(k1+k2)
k2
-3k1
qB
CBC - CBA
k2
2(k1+k2)
k1
-3k1
qC
= CCD - CCB
k3
k1
0
k1
k1
k1
2(k1+k3)
k1
-3k1
-4k1
qD
R
CDA - CDC
0
qB = -qC
2k1+k3
k1
qA
k1
2k1+k2
qB
3.2273
1.0
1.0
3.2273
qA
qB
R =0
=
CAB - CAD
CBC - CBA
-1.44180667
0.99330167
qC
qD
= -0.59971
= 0.49361
22/41
=
=
-0.49361
0.59971
(2)168023748.xls.ms_officeMSN
= -1.28171 tfm
MBA = k1(2qB+qA)+CBA
= 0.97193 tfm
= -0.97193 tfm
MCB = k2(2qC+qB)+CCB
= 0.97193 tfm
= -0.97193 tfm
= 1.28171 tfm
= -1.28171 tfm
MAD = k3(2qA+qD)+CAD
= 1.28171 tfm
MBA
w1
w2
MAB
Load at end A
Load at end B
Bending moment at end A
MBA
L
ch
t
d
w2
0.920 tf/m2
0.990 tf/m2
-1.2817 tfm
0.9719
2.700
0.060
0.200
0.140
tfm
m
m
m
m
L
x
A
w1
MAB
c) Bending Moment
MA = MAB
=
MB = -MBA
0.280
1.130
2.420
-0.914
m
tf
m
tf
-1.282 tfm
-0.972 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
1.3882
-0.9200 x
+
-0.0130 x2 ,
x =
Bending moment at x = 1.4782
-72.450
1.478
m is;
23/41
-0.249 tfm
(2)168023748.xls.ms_officeMSN
Uniform load
Uniform load
Distance from end B to near end of w2
Length of uniform load w2
Bending moment at end B
MCB
L
ch
t
d
3.912
0.000
0.000
2.200
-0.972
tf/m2
tf/m2
m
m
tfm
0.972
2.200
0.060
0.200
0.140
tfm
m
m
m
m
SBC = (w1L+w2b)/2-(MBC+MCB)/L
4.303 tf
-4.303 tf
w2
w1
C
MBC
MCB
L
in case of
0.280
3.208
1.920
-3.208
2.200 m
m
tf
m
tf
-0.972 tfm
-0.972 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the center of member due to symmetry loading distribution.
Bending moment at x = 1.100 m is;
=
1.395 tfm
Mmax = SBCx - w1x2/2 - w2(x-a)2/2 + MBC
Load at end C
Load at end D
Bending moment at end C
MDC
L
ch
t
d
0.990 tf/m2
0.920 tf/m2
-0.972 tfm
1.282
2.700
0.060
0.200
0.140
tfm
m
m
m
m
MCD
C
L
w1
w2
MDC
24/41
(2)168023748.xls.ms_officeMSN
-0.972 tfm
-1.282 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
1.1903
-0.9900 x
+
0.0130 x2 ,
x =
75.15
1.222
-0.249 tfm
Reaction at end D
Reaction at end A
Bending moment at end B
MAD
L
ch
t
d
5.003 tf/m2
5.003 tf/m2
-1.282 tfm
1.282
2.200
0.060
0.200
0.140
tfm
m
m
m
m
L
MAD
MDA
w2
w1
-1.282 tfm
MA = -MAD
=
-1.282 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SDA - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
5.5029
-5.0026 x
,
x =
1.100
25/41
1.745 tfm
(2)168023748.xls.ms_officeMSN
Case 4: Box Culvert Inside is Full, Underground Water up to invert, Track load Case. L2
1) Calculation of Load Term
Ph1
Horizontal Pressure at top of side wall
Ph2
Pv1
Pv2
Pq
a
b
H0
B0
t1
t2
t3
1.764 tf/m2
1.694 tf/m2
3.915 tf/m2
0.000 tf/m2
5.006 tf/m2
2.200 m
B
0.000 m
2.700 m
H0 (t1)
2.200 m
0.200 m
A
0.200 m
0.200 m
(t2)
C
(t1)
(t3)
B0
1.04600 tfm
1.05450 tfm
1.57901 tfm
2.01901 tfm
1.0
1.22727
1.22727
k3
-3k1
qA
k2
-3k1
qB
CBC - CBA
k2
2(k1+k2)
k1
-3k1
qC
= CCD - CCB
0
k1
k1
k1
2(k1+k3)
k1
-3k1
-4k1
qD
R
CDA - CDC
0
2(k1+k3)
k1
k1
2(k1+k2)
0
k3
k1
CAB - CAD
qB = -qC
R =0
2k1+k3
k1
k1
2k1+k2
qA
qB
CAB - CAD
CBC - CBA
3.2273
1.0
qA
qB
-0.97300706
0.52450206
1.0
3.2273
qC
qD
= -0.38922
= 0.28313
26/41
=
=
-0.28313
0.38922
(2)168023748.xls.ms_officeMSN
= -1.54132 tfm
MBA = k1(2qB+qA)+CBA
= 1.23153 tfm
= -1.23153 tfm
MCB = k2(2qC+qB)+CCB
= 1.23153 tfm
= -1.23153 tfm
= 1.54132 tfm
= -1.54132 tfm
MAD = k3(2qA+qD)+CAD
= 1.54132 tfm
MBA
w1
w2
MAB
Load at end A
Load at end B
Bending moment at end A
MBA
L
ch
t
d
w2
1.694 tf/m2
1.764 tf/m2
-1.541 tfm
1.232
2.700
0.060
0.200
0.140
tfm
m
m
m
m
L
x
A
w1
MAB
c) Bending Moment
MA = MAB
=
MB = -MBA
0.280
1.958
2.42
-1.742
m
tf
m
tf
-1.541 tfm
-1.232 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
2.4329
-1.6938 x
+
-0.0130 x2 ,
x = -132.086
1.421
Bending moment at x = 1.4209 m is;
=
0.193 tfm
Mmax = SABx - w1x2/2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MAB
27/41
(2)168023748.xls.ms_officeMSN
Uniform load
Uniform load
Distance from end B to near end of w2
Length of uniform load w2
Bending moment at end B
MCB
L
ch
t
d
3.915
0.000
0.000
2.200
-1.232
tf/m2
tf/m2
m
m
tfm
1.232
2.200
0.060
0.200
0.140
tfm
m
m
m
m
SBC = (w1L+w2b)/2-(MBC+MCB)/L
4.306 tf
-4.306 tf
w2
w1
C
MBC
MCB
L
in case of
0.280
3.210
1.920
-3.210
2.200 m
m
tf
m
tf
-1.232 tfm
-1.232 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the center of member due to symmetry loading distribution.
Bending moment at x = 1.100 m is;
=
1.137 tfm
Mmax = SBCx - w1x2/2 - w2(x-a)2/2 + MBC
Load at end C
Load at end D
Bending moment at end C
MDC
L
ch
t
d
1.764 tf/m2
1.694 tf/m2
-1.232 tfm
1.541
2.700
0.060
0.200
0.140
tfm
m
m
m
m
MCD
C
L
w1
w2
MDC
28/41
(2)168023748.xls.ms_officeMSN
-1.232 tfm
-1.541 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
2.2349
-1.7638 x
+
0.0130 x2 ,
x =
134.8
1.279
0.193 tfm
Reaction at end D
Reaction at end A
Bending moment at end B
MAD
L
ch
t
d
5.006 tf/m2
5.006 tf/m2
-1.541 tfm
1.541
2.200
0.060
0.200
0.140
tfm
m
m
m
m
L
MAD
MDA
w2
w1
-1.541 tfm
MA = -MAD
=
-1.541 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SDA - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
5.5064
-5.0058 x
,
x =
1.100
29/41
1.487 tfm
(2)168023748.xls.ms_officeMSN
Member
Side wall
(left)
Case
Case.1
Case.2
Case.3
Case.4
Top slab
Case.1
Case.2
Case.3
Case.4
Side wall
(right)
Case.1
Case.2
Case.3
Case.4
Invert
Case.1
Case.2
Case.3
Case.4
Check
Point
A
Middle
B
A
Middle
B
A
Middle
B
A
Middle
B
B
Middle
C
B
Middle
C
B
Middle
C
B
Middle
C
C
Middle
D
C
Middle
D
C
Middle
D
C
Middle
D
D
Middle
A
D
Middle
A
D
Middle
A
D
Middle
A
M
(tfm)
-2.331
1.407
-1.828
-2.590
1.848
-2.087
-1.282
-0.249
-0.972
-1.541
0.193
-1.232
-1.828
0.539
-1.828
-2.087
0.281
-2.087
-0.972
1.395
-0.972
-1.232
1.137
-1.232
-1.828
1.407
-2.331
-2.087
1.848
-2.590
-0.972
-0.249
-1.282
-1.232
0.193
-1.541
-2.331
0.696
-2.331
-2.590
0.438
-2.590
-1.282
1.745
-1.282
-1.541
1.487
-1.541
30/41
N
(tf)
5.503
4.951
4.303
5.506
4.947
4.306
5.503
4.846
4.303
5.506
4.875
4.306
3.729
3.729
3.729
4.773
4.773
4.773
1.190
1.190
1.190
2.235
2.235
2.235
4.303
4.951
5.503
4.306
4.947
5.506
4.303
4.846
5.503
4.306
4.875
5.506
6.531
6.531
6.531
7.576
7.576
7.576
1.388
1.388
1.388
2.433
2.433
2.433
S
at joint
6.531
0.000
-3.729
7.576
0.000
-4.773
1.388
0.000
-1.190
2.433
0.000
-2.235
4.303
0.000
-4.303
4.306
0.000
-4.306
4.303
0.000
-4.303
4.306
0.000
-4.306
3.729
0.000
-6.531
4.773
0.000
-7.576
1.190
0.000
-1.388
2.235
0.000
-2.433
5.503
0.000
-5.503
5.506
0.000
-5.506
5.503
0.000
-5.503
5.506
0.000
-5.506
(tf)
at 2d
4.790
-3.342
5.618
-4.170
1.130
-0.914
1.958
-1.742
3.208
-3.208
3.210
-3.210
3.208
-3.208
3.210
-3.210
3.342
-4.790
4.170
-5.618
0.914
-1.130
1.742
-1.958
4.102
-4.102
4.105
-4.105
4.102
-4.102
4.105
-4.105
(3)168023748.xls.ms_officeSum MSN
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4.00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
42.35 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 38.729 kgf/cm2
( -178470 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+48.46 sc^2
-4554.7 sc
-132846.49
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3990
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
3.7960 cm2
Case.2
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=
2.5901
5.5064
7.5758
5.6176
sca =
ssa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4.00
100
d
d
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
47.04 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 39.304 kgf/cm2
( -214195 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+44.48 sc^2
-5018.6 sc
-146375.06
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.4026
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
3.9778 cm2
Case.3
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=
1.2817
5.5029
1.3882
1.1296
sca =
ssa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4.00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
23.29 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 34.762 kgf/cm2
( -51486 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+64.51 sc^2
-2681.8 sc
-78220.23
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3734
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
2.5595 cm2
Case.4
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=
1.5413
5.5064
2.4329
1.9576
sca =
ssa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4.00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
27.99 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 35.359 kgf/cm2
( -83078 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+60.54 sc^2
-3145.7 sc
-91748.80
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3774
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
2.7390 cm2
The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is
Case.
Requirement
1
3.7960
2
3.9778
sca =
ssa =
n=
4
2.7390 (cm2)
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4.00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
42.48 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 34.350 kgf/cm2
( -119177 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
sc^2
sc
+56.89
-3571.3
-104162.18
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3706
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
3.2920 cm2
Case.2
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=
2.0874
4.3064
4.7734
4.1704
tfm
tf
tf
tf
sca =
ssa =
n=
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4.00
100
d
d
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
48.47 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 34.950 kgf/cm2
( -151397 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+52.91 sc^2
-4035.1 sc
-117690.75
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3747
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
3.4713 cm2
31/ 41
Case.3
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=
0.9719
4.3029
1.1903
0.9141
sca =
ssa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4.00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
22.59 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 30.914 kgf/cm2
( -26310 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+69.99 sc^2
-2042.9 sc
-59585.39
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3464
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
2.2805 cm2
Case.4
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=
1.2315
4.3064
2.2349
1.7421
sca =
ssa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4.00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
28.60 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 31.538 kgf/cm2
( -55148 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+66.01 sc^2
-2506.8 sc
-73113.96
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3509
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
2.4577 cm2
The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is
Case.
Requirement
3) At Joint "B"of top slab
Case.1
M=
1.8278
N=
3.7288
S0=
4.3029
S2d=
3.2076
1
3.2920
2
3.4713
sca =
ssa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
4
2.4577 (cm2)
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4.00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
49.02 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 32.854 kgf/cm2
( -121704 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+57.24 sc^2
-3530.3 sc
-102966.22
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3603
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
3.2550 cm2
Case.2
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=
2.0874
4.7734
4.3064
3.2102
sca =
ssa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4.00
100
d
d
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
43.73 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 33.391 kgf/cm2
( -158603 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+52.63 sc^2
-4068.5 sc
-118663.80
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3640
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
2.6683 cm2
Case.3
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=
0.9719
1.1903
4.3029
3.2076
sca =
ssa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4.00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
81.66 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 28.090 kgf/cm2
( -25354 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+71.89 sc^2
-1820.6 sc
-53100.81
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3250
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
3.7147 cm2
Case.4
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=
1.2315
2.2349
4.3064
3.2102
sca =
ssa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4.00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
55.10 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 28.662 kgf/cm2
( -57589 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+67.28 sc^2
-2358.8 sc
-68798.39
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3295
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
3.1252 cm2
The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is
Case.
Requirement
1
3.2550
2
2.6683
4
3.1252 (cm2)
32/ 41
sca =
ssa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4.00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
35.68 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 37.763 kgf/cm2
( -187704 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+47.83 sc^2
-4628.2 sc
-134988.86
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3930
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
2.7547 cm2
Case.2
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=
2.5901
7.5758
5.5064
4.1048
sca =
ssa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4.00
100
d
d
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
34.19 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 38.275 kgf/cm2
( -229043 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+43.22 sc^2
-5166.4 sc
-150686.44
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3962
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
2.1706 cm2
Case.3
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=
1.2817
1.3882
5.5029
4.1021
sca =
ssa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4.00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
92.33 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 31.398 kgf/cm2
( -47590 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+67.03 sc^2
-2387.9 sc
-69648.09
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3499
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
4.5017 cm2
Case.4
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=
1.5413
2.4329
5.5064
4.1048
sca =
ssa =
n=
tfm
tf
tf
tf
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4.00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
63.35 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 31.945 kgf/cm2
( -82522 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+62.42 sc^2
-2926.1 sc
-85345.67
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3539
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
3.9142 cm2
The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is
Case.
Requirement
1
2.7547
2
2.1706
sca =
ssa =
n=
4
3.9142 (cm2)
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4.00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
28.41 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc =21.9840 kgf/cm2
( -105515 kgf/cm2) check
h
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+62.94 sc^2
-2865.2 sc
-83569.35
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.2737
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
0.0000 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
Case.2
M=
N=
1.8483 tfm
4.9465 tf
sca =
ssa =
n=
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4.00
100
d
d
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
37.36 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 22.158 kgf/cm2
( ###### kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+56.18 sc^2
-3653.8 sc
-106568.69
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.2753
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
0.0000 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
33/ 41
Case.3
M=
N=
sca =
ssa =
n=
0.2487 tfm
4.8459 tf
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4.00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
5.13 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 16.634 kgf/cm2
(
-9256 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+80.73 sc^2
-790.27 sc
-23049.47
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.2219
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
0.0000 cm2
Tensile is on outside of member
Case.4
M=
N=
sca =
ssa =
n=
0.1933 tfm
4.8749 tf
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4.00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
3.97 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 16.839 kgf/cm2
(
-3998 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+81.56 sc^2
-693.38 sc
-20223.53
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.2240
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
0.0000 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is
Case.
Requirement
Side
1
0.0000
inside
2
0.0000
inside
sca =
ssa =
n=
4
0.0000
inside
(cm2)
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4.00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
14.45 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 27.583 kgf/cm2
(
9834 kgf/cm2) check
h
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+76.97 sc^2
-1228.4 sc
-35829.57
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3210
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
1.7643 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
Case.2
M=
N=
sca =
ssa =
n=
0.2811 tfm
4.7734 tf
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4.00
100
d
d
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
5.89 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 28.160 kgf/cm2
( 37662 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+80.27 sc^2
-842.93 sc
-24585.42
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3256
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
1.1745 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
Case.3
M=
N=
sca =
ssa =
n=
1.3946 tfm
1.1903 tf
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4.00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
117.17 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 29.939 kgf/cm2
( -66752 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+65.42 sc^2
-2575.5 sc
-75117.73
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3392
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
4.2268 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
Case.4
M=
N=
sca =
ssa =
n=
1.1370 tfm
2.2349 tf
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4.00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
50.87 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 30.496 kgf/cm2
( -38377 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+68.73 sc^2
-2190 sc
-63873.59
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3433
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
3.6384 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is
Case.
Requirement
Side
1
1.7643
inside
2
1.1745
inside
4
3.6384 (cm2)
inside
34/ 41
7) At Middle of invert
Case.1
M=
0.6960 tfm
N=
6.5312 tf
sca =
ssa =
n=
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4.00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
10.66 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc =31.3560 kgf/cm2
(
-1005 kgf/cm2) check
h
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+72.85 sc^2
-1709.4 sc
-49858.59
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3496
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
0.8160 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
Case.2
M=
N=
sca =
ssa =
n=
0.4384 tfm
7.5758 tf
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4.00
100
d
d
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
5.79 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 31.902 kgf/cm2
( 29116 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+76.15 sc^2
-1323.9 sc
-38614.44
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3535
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
0.2279 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
Case.3
M=
N=
sca =
ssa =
n=
1.7449 tfm
1.3882 tf
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4.00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
125.69 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 33.146 kgf/cm2
( -98063 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+59.94 sc^2
-3215 sc
-93770.34
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3623
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
5.0134 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
Case.4
M=
N=
sca =
ssa =
n=
1.4872 tfm
2.4329 tf
60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24
h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=
20
14
6
4.00
100
cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm
e = M/N =
61.13 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 33.682 kgf/cm2
( -67860 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+63.25 sc^2
-2829.5 sc
-82526.20
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3660
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
4.4269 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is
Case.
Requirement
Side
1
0.8160
inside
2
0.2279
inside
4
4.4269 (cm2)
inside
35/ 41
Invert
middle
inside
7)
5.013 (cm2)
Bending moment
M
Shearing force (joint)
S
Shearing force (2d)
S2d
Axial force
N
Height of member
h
Covering depth
d'
Effective height
d
Effective width
b
Effective area
bd
Young's modulus ratio n
Required R-bar
Asreq
kgfcm
kgf
kgf
kgf
cm
cm
cm
cm
cm2
-
3.98
cm2
R-bar arrangement
Reinforcement
Perimeter of R-bar
M/N
Dist. from neutral axis
bottom
outside
259,015
7,576
5,618
5,506
20
6
14
100
1400
24
16@250
As
U
e
c
a'
b'
cm2
cm
cm
c'
x
(check)
Compressive stress
Allowable stress
sc kgf/cm2
sca kgf/cm2
Tensile stress
Allowable stress
ss
ssa
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
t
ta
kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2
Shearing stress at 2d
Allowable stress
t2d kgf/cm2
t2da kgf/cm2
Resisting Moment
Mr for compression
x for Mrc
ss for Mrc
Mr for tensile
x for Mrs
sc for Mrs
Mr
Mrc
Mrs
kgfcm
kgfcm
cm
kgf/cm2
kgfcm
cm
kgf/cm2
cm2
Invert
end
middle
outside
inside
128,171
174,486
5,506
0
4,105
1,388
1,388
20
20
6
6
14
14
100
100
1400
1400
24
24
3.47
3.71
4.23
4.50
5.01
16@250
16@250
16@250
16@250
12@125
8.04
4.52
8.04
8.04
8.04
8.04
9.05
20.11
15.08
20.11
20.11
20.11
20.11
30.16
47.039
28.410
48.472
81.656
117.172
92.327
125.689
4.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
111.1
55.2
115.4
215.0
321.5
247.0
347.1
590.9
210.9
607.5
991.7
1402.9
1115.2
1690.1
-8272.7
-2953.3
-8505.1 -13883.7 -19640.3 -15613.3 -23661.5
10.16
17.62
10.19
9.38
8.92
9.69
9.27
######## ######## ######## ######## ######## ######## ########
check
check
check
check
check
check
check
12.7
60.0
ok
115.0
1400.0
ok
5.41
11.00
ok
4.01
5.50
ok
5.5
60.0
ok
0.0
1400.0
ok
0.00
11.00
ok
-
9.9
60.0
ok
88.6
1400.0
ok
3.41
11.00
ok
2.98
5.50
ok
3.2
60.0
ok
37.6
1400.0
ok
3.08
11.00
ok
2.29
5.50
ok
3.5
60.0
ok
48.4
1400.0
ok
0.00
11.00
ok
-
3.5
60.0
ok
37.2
1400.0
ok
3.93
11.00
ok
2.93
5.50
ok
3.9
60.0
ok
48.3
1400.0
ok
0.00
11.00
ok
-
206,044
206,044
6.408
1706.1
372,070
8.970
104.0
173,378
173,378
5.258
2394.3
204,735
7.358
64.6
205,852
205,852
6.238
1791.9
334,555
8.643
94.1
205,817
205,817
5.820
2023.7
251,307
7.729
71.9
205,817
205,817
5.820
2023.7
251,307
7.729
71.9
205,798
205,798
5.846
2008.6
256,073
7.791
73.2
213,308
213,308
6.096
1867.3
297,721
8.215
82.8
As min =
36/41
4.5 cm2
(5)168023748.xls.ms_officeR-bar stress
h1
h2
Ha
h3
b1
b1
b2
Bb
Section of Culvert
1. Design Data
b1 =
0.200
h1 =
0.200
Bb =
2.400
m
m
m
2. Data Pembesian
Bottom slab :
As1 (cm2)
:
2
As2 (cm )
:
Tumpuan
O 16 @ 250
O 12 @ 125
Lapangan
O 12 @ 125
O 16 @ 250
Tulangan bagi :
O 12 @ 250
b2 =
h2 =
Ha =
2.000
2.500
2.900
m
m
m
h3 =
Fillet =
0.200
m
0.20 m
0.06 m
Side wall :
As1 (cm2)
As2 (cm2)
:
:
Tumpuan
O 16 @ 250
O 12 @ 250
Lapangan
O 12 @ 250
O 16 @ 250
Tulangan bagi :
O 12 @ 250
Top slab :
As1 (cm2)
As2 (cm2)
:
:
Tumpuan
O 16 @ 250
O 16 @ 250
Lapangan
O 16 @ 250
O 16 @ 250
Tulangan bagi :
O 12 @ 250
:
:
Culvert Type 1 (2 m x 2 m)
. Irrigation Project
h1
h2
Ha
h3
b1
b1
b2
Bb
Section of Culvert
1. Design Data
b1 =
0.200
h1 =
0.200
Bb =
2.200
m
m
m
b2 =
h2 =
Ha =
2.000
2.500
2.700
m
m
m
h3 =
0.200
2. Result Calculation
Side wall (left)
Case 1
Case 2
Ma
-2.331
-1.282
Mmax
1.407
-0.249
Mb
-1.828
-0.972
Sa
6.531
1.388
Sb
-3.729
-1.190
Na
5.503
5.503
Nb
4.303
4.303
Mc
-1.828
-0.972
Mmax
1.407
-0.249
Md
-2.331
-1.282
Sd
-6.531
-1.388
Sc
3.729
1.190
Nd
5.503
5.503
Nc
4.303
4.303
Top slab
Case 1
Case 2
Mb
-1.828
-0.972
Mmax
0.539
1.395
Mc
-1.828
-0.972
Sb
4.303
4.303
Sc
-4.303
-4.303
Nb
3.729
1.190
Nc
3.729
1.190
Bottom slab
Case 1
Case 2
Ma
-2.331
-1.282
Mmax
0.696
1.745
Md
-2.331
-1.282
Sa
-5.503
-5.503
Sd
5.503
5.503
Na
6.531
1.388
Nd
6.531
1.388
3. Nama Bangunan
Lokasi
Case 1
Mmax
Mab =
Mcd =
x
1.242
1.458
:
:
Culvert Type 1 (2 m x 2 m)
. Irrigation Project
x1
-0.48
-0.48
x2
0.70
0.70
x3
1.30
1.30
x4
1.38
1.38
x5
1.04
1.04
x6
0.34
0.34
x7
-0.64
-0.64
Mmax
Mbc =
Mad =
1.1
1.1
y1
-0.79
-1.01
y2
-0.05
-0.06
y3
0.39
0.51
y4
0.54
0.70
y5
0.39
0.51
y6
-0.05
-0.06
y7
-0.79
-1.01
Ha =
2.700
0.338
0.675
1.013
1.350
1.688
2.025
2.363
Bb =
2.200
0.275
0.550
0.825
1.100
0.825
0.550
0.275
Sab
x
2.700
x1
4.45
x2
2.60
x3
0.98
x4
-0.42
x5
-1.59
x6
-2.53
x7
-3.24
x
1.242
1.458
1.1
1.1
x1
-0.87
-0.87
y1
0.06
0.04
x2
-0.56
-0.56
y2
0.80
0.99
x3
-0.35
-0.35
y3
1.25
1.56
x4
-0.26
-0.26
y4
1.39
1.74
x5
-0.27
-0.27
y5
1.25
1.56
x6
-0.39
-0.39
y6
0.80
0.99
x7
-0.63
-0.63
y7
0.06
0.04
Ha =
2.700
0.338
0.675
1.013
1.350
1.688
2.025
2.363
Bb =
2.200
0.275
0.550
0.825
1.100
0.825
0.550
0.275
Sab
x
2.700
x1
1.08
x2
0.76
x3
0.44
x4
0.12
x5
-0.20
x6
-0.53
x7
-0.86
Case 2
Mmax
Mab =
Mcd =
Mmax
Mbc =
Mad =
MAB
-2.331
-1.282
MBA
1.828
0.972
MCD
-1.828
-0.972
MDC
2.331
1.282
MBC
-1.828
-0.972
MCB
1.828
0.972
MAD
2.331
1.282
MDA
-2.331
-1.282
q1
6.500
1.100
q2
1.100
6.500
q1
3.912
5.003
q1
0.920
0.990
q1
3.912
5.003
q2
0.990
0.920