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SUMMARY OF STRUCTURAL CALCULATION OF 1-BARREL BOX CULVERT

1 Design Dimensions and Bar Arrangements


Type of box culvert

Class III Road (BM50)

B2.0 x H2.5

Clear width
Clear height
Height of fillet

m
m
m

2.00
2.50
0.20

Thickness Side wall


Top slab
Bottom slab

cm
cm
cm

20.0
20.0
20.0

Cover of reinforcement bar (between concrete surface and center of reinforcement bar)
Side wall
Outside
cm
6.0
Inside
cm
6.0
Top slab
Upper
cm
6.0
Lower
cm
6.0
Bottom slab Lower
cm
6.0
Upper
cm
6.0

Bar arrangement

(dia - spacing per unit length of 1.0 m)

Side wall

Lower outside Tensile bar


Distribution bar
Middle inside Tensile bar
Distribution bar
Upper outside Tensile bar
Distribution bar

mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm

16@250
12@250
12@250
12@250
16@250
12@250

Top slab

Upper edge

mm
mm
mm
mm

16@250
12@250
16@250
12@250

Bottom slabLower edge

Tensile bar
Distribution bar
Upper middle Tensile bar
Distribution bar

mm
mm
mm
mm

16@250
12@250
12@125
12@250

Upper edge
Lower edge

mm
mm

12@250
12@250

Fillet

Tensile bar
Distribution bar
Lower middle Tensile bar
Distribution bar

Fillet bar
Fillet bar

2 Design Parameters
Unit Weight

Reinforced Concrete
Backfill soil
(wet)
(submerged)

Live Load

Class of road
Truck load at rear wheel
Impact coefficient(for Class I to IV road)
Pedestrian load

gc=
gs =
gs'=

P=
Ci=
h

(for Class V roads)

3
2.4 tf/m
3
1.8 tf/m
3
1.0 tf/m

Class III
5.0
0.3
0.0
0

(BM50)
tf
(D<4.0m)
(D>4.0m)
tf/m2

Concrete
(K175)

Design Strength
Allowable Compressive Stress
Allowable Shearing Stress

sck=
sca=
ta=

2
175 kgf/cm
2
60 kgf/cm
2
5.5 kgf/cm

Reinforcement Bar
(U24, deformed bar)

Allowable Tensile Stress


Yielding Point of Reinforcement Bar

ssa=
ssy=

2
1,400 kgf/cm
2
3,000 kgf/cm

Young's Modulus Ratio

n=
h
Ka=

Coefficient of static earth pressure

1 / 41

24
0.5

168023748.xls.ms_office/Summary

STRUCTURAL CALCULATION OF BOX CULVERT

Type: B2.00m x H2.50m Class III Road


Soil Cover Depth: 1.0 m

1 Dimensions and Parameters

Gwd
D

t2

H
Hf

HT

Hf
t3
t1

t1

B
B

Cover of R-bar
Top Slab d2
Side Wall d1
Bottom Slab d3

0.06 m
0.06 m
0.06 m

Basic Parameters
Ka:
Coefficient of static earth pressure
gw:
Unit weight of water (t/m3)
gd:
Unit weight of soil (dry) (t/m3)
gs:
Unit weight of soil (saturated) (t/m3)
gc:
Unit weight of reinforced concrete (t/m3)
sck:
Concrete Design Strength
sca
Allowable Stress of Concrete
ssa:
Allowable Stress of Reinforcement Bar
ta:
Allowable Stress of Shearing (Concrete)
ssy:
Yielding Point of Reinforcement Bar
n:
Young's Modulus Ratio
Fa:
Safety factor against uplift

0.5
1.00
1.80
2.00
2.40
175
60
1400
5.5
3000
24
1.2

Basic Dimensions
H:
Internal Height of Box Culvert
B:
Internal Width of Box Culvert
Hf:
Fillet Height
t1:
Thickness of Side Wall
t2:
Thickness of Top Slab
t3:
Thickness of Invert (Bottom Slab)
BT:
Gross Width of Box Culvert
HT:
Gross Height of Box Culvert
D:
Covering Depth
Gwd:
Underground Water Depth
for Case 1, 2
hiw:
Internal Water Depth
for Case 1, 2
for Case 3, 4

2.50
2.00
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
2.40
2.90
1.00
1.00
0.00
2.50

Basic Conditions
Classification of Live load by truck
Class
PTM:
Truck load of Middle Tire
Impact coefficient (D4.0m:0, D<4.0m:0.3)
Ii:
am:
Ground contact length of Middle Tire
bm:
Ground contact width of Middle Tire
PTR:
Truck load of Rear Tire
ar:
Ground contact length of Rear Tire
br:
Ground contact width of Rear Tire
PTF:
Truck load of Front wheel
af:
Ground contact length of Front Tire
bf:
Ground contact width of Front Tire
qp:
Pedestrian load

3
5.00
0.3
0.10
0.25
5.00
0.10
0.25
1.25
0.10
0.25
0.00

t/m3
t/m3
t/m3
t/m3
kgf/m2
kgf/m2
kgf/m2
kgf/m2
kgf/m2

m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m

BJ air
BJ Tanah Kering
BJ Tanah Basah
Berat Jenis Beton
Rencana Mutu Beton

Mutu Besi Tulangan

(> 0.25m)
(> 0.25m)
(> 0.25m)

(= D)

t
m
m
t
m
m
t
m
m
t/m2

Dimension of frame
t1

t1
D1

t2

H0:
B0:
D1:

Height of frame
Width of frame
Covering depth at middle of top slab

t2/2 + H + t3/2
B + t1
D + t2/2

2.700 m
2.200 m
1.100 m

H0

t3
B0

2/ 41

(1)168023748.xls.ms_office, Load

Load distribution of truck tire


(1) Middle tire's acting point: center of the top slab
a) distributed load of middle tire
Pvtm: distributed load of middle tire
am':
length of distributed load
bm':
width of distributed load
b) distributed load of rear tire
Pvtr:
distributed load of rear tire
ar':
length of distributed load
br':
width of distributed load
c) distributed load of front tire
Pvtf:
distributed load of front tire
af':
length of distributed load
bf':
width of distributed load
(2) Middle tire's acting point: on the side wall
a) distributed load of middle tire
Pvtm: distributed load of middle tire
am':
length of distributed load
bm':
width of distributed load
b) distributed load of rear tire
Pvtr:
distributed load of rear tire
ar':
length of distributed load
br':
width of distributed load
c) distributed load of front tire
Pvtf:
distributed load of front tire
af':
length of distributed load
bf':
width of distributed load
(3) Rear tire's acting point: on the side wall
a) distributed load of rear tire
Pvtr:
distributed load of rear tire
ar':
length of distributed load
br':
width of distributed load
b) distributed load of middle tire
Pvtm: distributed load of middle tire
am':
length of distributed load
bm':
width of distributed load
c) distributed load of front tire
Pvtf:
distributed load of front tire
af':
length of distributed load
bf':
width of distributed load

2PTM(1+Ii)(2B0-bm')/(am'B0^2) =
2D+1.75+bm =
2D+am =

1.5444 tf/m2,
4.000 m
2.100 m

B=

2.200

not reach to top slab


2D+1.75+br =
2D+ar =

0.0000 tf/m2,
4.000 m
2.100 m

B=

0.000

not reach to top slab


2D+1.75+bf =
2D+af =

0.0000 tf/m2,
4.000 m
2.100 m

B=

0.000

2PTM(1+Ii)/(am'bm') =
2D+1.75+bm =
2D+am =

1.5476 tf/m2,
4.000 m
2.100 m

B=

2.200

not reach to top slab


2D+1.75+br =
2D+ar =

0.0000 tf/m2,
4.000 m
2.100 m

B=

0.000

not reach to top slab


2D+1.75+bf =
2D+af =

0.0000 tf/m2,
4.000 m
2.100 m

B=

0.000

2PTR(1+Ii)/(ar'br') =
2D+1.75+br =
2D+ar =

1.5476 tf/m2,
4.000 m
2.100 m

B=

2.200

not reach to top slab


2D+1.75+bm =
2D+am =

0.0000 tf/m2,
4.000 m
2.100 m

B=

0.000

not reach to top slab


2D+1.75+bf =
2D+af =

0.0000 tf/m2,
4.000 m
2.100 m

B=

0.000

(4) Combination of load distribution of track tire


Case.L1:
Case.L2:

Pvt1 =
Pvt2 =
Pvt1 =
Pvt2 =

1.5444
0.0000
1.5476
0.0000

tf/m2,
tf/m2,
tf/m2,
tf/m2,

B=
B=
B=
B=

2.200
0.000
2.200
0.000

m
m
m
m

Combination for Case.L2

(2)
a) + b)
1.5476

(2)
(3)
a) + c) a) + b)
Distributed load total
1.5476 1.5476
Select the combination case of
1.5476 tf/m2,
for Case.L2, which is the largest load to the top slab.

In case of covering depth (D) is over 3.0m, uniform load of 1.0 tf/m2 is applied on the top slab of culvert instead of live load calculated above.

Distribution load by pedestrian load


Pvt1 =

0.000 tf/m2

2 Stability Analysis Against Uplift


Analysis is made considering empty inside of box culvert.
Fs=Vd/U > Fa
Fs=
where, Vd:
Total dead weight (t/m)
Vd=
U:
Total uplift (t.m)
U=BT*HT*gw
U=
Ws:
Wc:
Fa:

Weight of covering soil


Self weight of box culvert
Safety factor against uplift

Ws =
Wc =
Fa=

1.3241 > 1.2


9.216 tf/m

ok

6.960 tf/m
BT*{(D-Gwd)*(gs-gw)+Gwd*gd}
(HT*BT-H*B+2*Hf^2)*gc
1.2

3/ 41

=
=

4.320 tf/m
4.896 tf/m

(1)168023748.xls.ms_office, Load

3 Load calculation
Case 1: Box Culvert Inside is Empty, Underground Water up to Top slab, Track load Case. L1
1) vertical load against top slab
Acting Load
Wtop= (t2*BT+Hf^2)*gc/B0
Pvd=Gwd*gd+(D-Gwd)*gs
Pvt1
Pvt2

2) horizontal load at top of side wall


Acting Load
P1=Ka*we1
P2=Ka*we2
P3=Ka*gd*Gwd
P4=Ka*gs*(D1-Gwd)
P5=gw*(D1-Gwd)

3) horizontal load at bottom of side wall


Acting Load
P1=Ka*we1
P2=Ka*we2
P3=Ka*gd*Gwd
P4=Ka*gs*(D1+H0-Gwd)
P5=gw*(D1+H0-Gwd)

4) self weight of side wall


Acting Load
Wsw=t1*H*gc

5) ground reaction
Acting Load
Wbot=(t3*BT+Hf^2)*gc/B0
Wtop
Ws=Wsw*2/B0
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
Wiw=(hiw*B-2Hf^2)*gw/B0
Up=-U/B0

summary of resistance moment


Item
Self weight

load on top slab

soil pressure

top slab
side wall (left)
side wall (right)
invert
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
side wall (left)
side wall (right)

internal water
uplift
total
6) load against invert
Acting Load
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
Wtop
Ws
Pq=

Wtop=
Pvd=
Pvt1=
Pvt2=
Pv1=

(tf/m2)
0.5673
1.8000
1.5444
0.0000
3.9117

P1=
P2=
P3=
P4=
P5=
Ph1=

(tf/m2)
0.0000
0.0000
0.9000
0.1000
0.1000
1.1000

P1=
P2=
P3=
P4=
P5=
Ph2=

(tf/m2)
0.0000
0.0000
0.9000
2.8000
2.8000
6.5000

Wsw=

(tf/m)
1.2000

Wbot=
Wtop=
Ws=
Pvd=
Pvt1=
Pvt2=
Wiw=
U=
Q=

(tf/m2)
0.5673
0.5673
1.0909
1.8000
1.5444
0.0000
0.0000
-3.1636
2.4062

V
(tf/m)
1.2480
1.2000
1.2000
1.2480
3.9600
3.3977
0.0000
0.0000
-6.9600
5.2937

H
(tf/m)
10.2600
-10.2600
-

Horizontal pressure by track tire


we1=
0.0000 tf/m2
we2=
0.0000 tf/m2

hiw: internal water depth

x
(m)
1.1000
0.0000
2.2000
1.1000
1.1000
1.1000
1.1000
1.1000
1.1000

y
M
(m) (tf.m/m)
1.3728
0.0000
2.6400
1.3728
4.3560
3.7375
0.0000
1.0303 10.5705
1.0303 -10.5705
0.0000
-7.6560
5.8231

0.00

acting point of resultant force


X = SM/SV =
1.100 m
e = B0/2 - X =
0.000 m
ground reaction
q1 = SV/Bo + 6SVe/Bo^2 = 2.4062
q2 = SV/Bo - 6SVe/Bo^2 = 2.4062

(tf/m2)
1.8000
1.5444
0.0000
0.5673
1.0909
5.0026

4/ 41

(1)168023748.xls.ms_office, Load

Case 2: Box Culvert Inside is Empty, Underground Water up to Top slab, Track load Case. L2
1) vertical load against top slab
Acting Load
Wtop= (t2*BT+Hf^2)*gc/B0
Pvd=Gwd*gd+(D-Gwd)*gs
Pvt1
Pvt2

2) horizontal load at top of side wall


Acting Load
P1=Ka*we1
P2=Ka*we2
P3=Ka*gd*Gwd
P4=Ka*gs*(D1-Gwd)
P5=gw*(D1-Gwd)

3) horizontal load at bottom of side wall


Acting Load
P1=Ka*we1
P2=Ka*we2
P3=Ka*gd*Gwd
P4=Ka*gs*(D1+H0-Gwd)
P5=gw*(D1+H0-Gwd)

4) self weight of side wall


Acting Load
Wsw=t1*H*gc

5) ground reaction
Acting Load
Wbot=(t3*BT+Hf^2)*gc/B0
Wtop
Ws=Wsw*2/B0
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
Wiw=(hiw*B-2Hf^2)*gw/B0
Up=-U/B0

summary of resistance moment


Item
Self weight

load on top slab

soil pressure

top slab
side wall (left)
side wall (right)
invert
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
side wall (left)
side wall (right)

internal water
uplift
total
6) load against invert
Acting Load
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
Wtop
Ws
total
Pq=

Wtop=
Pvd=
Pvt1=
Pvt2=
Pv1=

(tf/m2)
0.5673
1.8000
1.5476
0.0000
3.9149

P1=
P2=
P3=
P4=
P5=
Ph1=

(tf/m2)
0.7738
0.0000
0.9000
0.1000
0.1000
1.8738

P1=
P2=
P3=
P4=
P5=
Ph2=

(tf/m2)
0.7738
0.0000
0.9000
2.8000
2.8000
7.2738

Wsw=

(tf/m)
1.2000

Wbot=
Wtop=
Ws=
Pvd=
Pvt1=
Pvt2=
Wiw=
U=
Q=

(tf/m2)
0.5673
0.5673
1.0909
1.8000
1.5476
0.0000
0.0000
-3.1636
2.4094

V
(tf/m)
1.2480
1.2000
1.2000
1.2480
3.9600
3.4048
0.0000
0.0000
-6.9600
5.3008

H
(tf/m)
12.3493
-12.3493
-

Horizontal pressure by track tire


we1=
1.5476 tf/m2
we2=
0.0000 tf/m2

hiw: internal water depth

x
(m)
1.1000
0.0000
2.2000
1.1000
1.1000
1.1000
1.1000
1.1000
1.1000

y
M
(m) (tf.m/m)
1.3728
0.0000
2.6400
1.3728
4.3560
3.7452
0.0000
1.0844 13.3910
1.0844 -13.3910
0.0000
-7.6560
5.8308

0.00

acting point of resultant force


X = SM/SV =
1.1000 m
e = B0/2 - X =
0.0000 m
ground reaction
q1 = SV/Bo + 6SVe/Bo^2 = 2.4094
q2 = SV/Bo - 6SVe/Bo^2 = 2.4094

(tf/m2)
1.8000
1.5476
0.0000
0.5673
1.0909
5.0058

5/ 41

(1)168023748.xls.ms_office, Load

Case 3: Box Culvert Inside is Full, Underground Water up to invert, Track load Case. L1
1) vertical load against top slab
Acting Load
Wtop= (t2*BT+Hf^2)*gc/B0
Pvd=D*gd
Pvt1
Pvt2

2) horizontal load at top of side wall


Acting Load
P1=Ka*we1
P2=Ka*we2
P3=Ka*gd*D1
WP=-gw*0

3) horizontal load at bottom of side wall


Acting Load
P1=Ka*we1
P2=Ka*we2
P3=Ka*gd*(D1+H0)
WP=-gw*H

4) self weight of side wall


Acting Load
Wsw=t1*H*gc

5) ground reaction
Acting Load
Wbot=(t3*BT+Hf^2)*gc/B0
Wtop
Ws=Wsw*2/B0
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
Wiw=(hiw*B-2Hf^2)*gw/B0
Up=0

summary of resistance moment


Item
Self weight

load on top slab

soil pressure

top slab
side wall (left)
side wall (right)
invert
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
side wall (left)
side wall (right)

internal water
uplift
total
6) load against invert
Acting Load
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
Wtop
Ws
total
Pq=

Wtop=
Pvd=
Pvt1=
Pvt2=
Pv1=

(tf/m2)
0.5673
1.8000
1.5444
0.0000
3.9117

P1=
P2=
P3=
P4=
Ph1=

(tf/m2)
0.0000
0.0000
0.9900
0.0000
0.9900

P1=
P2=
P3=
P4=
Ph2=

(tf/m2)
0.0000
0.0000
3.4200
-2.5000
0.9200

Wsw=

(tf/m)
1.2000

Wbot=
Wtop=
Ws=
Pvd=
Pvt1=
Pvt2=
Wiw=
U=
Q=

(tf/m2)
0.5673
0.5673
1.0909
1.8000
1.5444
0.0000
2.2364
0.0000
7.8062

V
(tf/m)
1.2480
1.2000
1.2000
1.2480
3.9600
3.3977
0.0000
4.9200
0.0000
17.1737

H
(tf/m)
2.5785
-2.5785
-

Horizontal pressure by track tire


we1=
0.0000 tf/m2
we2=
0.0000 tf/m2

hiw: internal water depth

x
(m)
1.1000
0.0000
2.2000
1.1000
1.1000
1.1000
1.1000
1.1000
1.1000

y
(m)
1.3665
1.3665
-

M
(tf.m/m)
1.3728
0.0000
2.6400
1.3728
4.3560
3.7375
0.0000
3.5235
-3.5235
5.4120
0.0000
18.8911

2.500

acting point of resultant force


X = SM/SV =
1.1000 m
e = B0/2 - X =
0.0000 m
ground reaction
q1 = SV/Bo + 6SVe/Bo^2 = 7.8062
q2 = SV/Bo - 6SVe/Bo^2 = 7.8062

(tf/m2)
1.8000
1.5444
0.0000
0.5673
1.0909
5.0026

6/ 41

(1)168023748.xls.ms_office, Load

Case 4: Box Culvert Inside is Full, Underground Water up to invert, Track load Case. L2
1) vertical load against top slab
Acting Load
Wtop= (t2*BT+Hf^2)*gc/B0
Pvd=D*gd
Pvt1
Pvt2

2) horizontal load at top of side wall


Acting Load
P1=Ka*we1
P2=Ka*we2
P3=Ka*gd*D1
WP=-gw*0

3) horizontal load at bottom of side wall


Acting Load
P1=Ka*we1
P2=Ka*we2
P3=Ka*gd*(D1+H0)
WP=-gw*H

4) self weight of side wall


Acting Load
Wsw=t1*H*gc

5) ground reaction
Acting Load
Wbot=(t3*BT+Hf^2)*gc/B0
Wtop
Ws=Wsw*2/B0
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
Wiw=(hiw*B-2Hf^2)*gw/B0
Up=0

summary of resistance moment


Item
Self weight

load on top slab

soil pressure

top slab
side wall (left)
side wall (right)
invert
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
side wall (left)
side wall (right)

internal water
uplift
total
6) load against invert
Acting Load
Pvd
Pvt1
Pvt2
Wtop
Ws
total
Pq=

Wtop=
Pvd=
Pvt1=
Pvt2=
Pv1=

(tf/m2)
0.5673
1.8000
1.5476
0.0000
3.9149

P1=
P2=
P3=
P4=
Ph1=

(tf/m2)
0.7738
0.0000
0.9900
0.0000
1.7638

P1=
P2=
P3=
P4=
Ph2=

(tf/m2)
0.7738
0.0000
3.4200
-2.5000
1.6938

Wsw=

(tf/m)
1.2000

Wbot=
Wtop=
Ws=
Pvd=
Pvt1=
Pvt2=
Wiw=
U=
Q=

(tf/m2)
0.5673
0.5673
1.0909
1.8000
1.5476
0.0000
2.2364
0.0000
7.8094

Horizontal pressure by track tire


we1=
1.5476 tf/m2
we2=
0.0000 tf/m2

hiw: internal water depth

V
(tf/m)
1.2480
1.2000
1.2000
1.2480
3.9600
3.4048
0.0000
4.9200
0.0000
17.1808

H
(tf/m)
4.6678
-4.6678
-

x
(m)
1.1000
0.0000
2.2000
1.1000
1.1000
1.1000
1.1000
1.1000
1.1000

y
(m)
1.3591
1.3591
-

Ph2
(tf/m2)
6.5000
7.2738
0.9200
1.6938

Pq
(tf/m2)
5.0026
5.0058
5.0026
5.0058

Wsw
(tf/m)
1.2000
1.2000
1.2000
1.2000

q1
(tf/m2)
2.4062
2.4094
7.8062
7.8094

M
(tf.m/m)
1.3728
0.0000
2.6400
1.3728
4.3560
3.7452
0.0000
6.3440
-6.3440
5.4120
0.0000
18.8988

2.500

acting point of resultant force


X = SM/SV =
1.1000 m
e = B0/2 - X =
0.0000 m
ground reaction
q1 = SV/Bo + 6SVe/Bo^2 = 7.8094
q2 = SV/Bo - 6SVe/Bo^2 = 7.8094

(tf/m2)
1.8000
1.5476
0.0000
0.5673
1.0909
5.0058

Summary of Load Calculation


Item
Case
Case.1
Case.2
Case.3
Case.4

Pv1
(tf/m2)
3.9117
3.9149
3.9117
3.9149

Ph1
(tf/m2)
1.1000
1.8738
0.9900
1.7638

7/ 41

(1)168023748.xls.ms_office, Load

Class III Road

BJ Tanah Kering
BJ Tanah Basah
Berat Jenis Beton
Rencana Mutu Beton

Mutu Besi Tulangan

(> 0.25m)
(> 0.25m)
(> 0.25m)

8/ 41

(1)168023748.xls.ms_office, Load

(3)
a) + c)
1.5476

9/ 41

(1)168023748.xls.ms_office, Load

tf/m2
tf/m2

10/ 41

(1)168023748.xls.ms_office, Load

tf/m2
tf/m2

11/ 41

(1)168023748.xls.ms_office, Load

tf/m2
tf/m2

12/ 41

(1)168023748.xls.ms_office, Load

tf/m2
tf/m2

13/ 41

(1)168023748.xls.ms_office, Load

4 Analysis of Plane Frame


Case 1: Box Culvert Inside is Empty, Underground Water up to Top slab, Track load Case. L1
1) Calculation of Load Term
Ph1
Horizontal Pressure at top of side wall
Ph2
Horizontal Pressure at bottom of side wall
Pv1
Vertical Pressure(1) on top slab
Pv2
Vertical Pressure(2) on top slab
Pq
Reaction to bottom slab
a
Distance from joint B to far end of Pv2
b
Distance from joint B to near end of Pv2
H0
Height of plane frame
B0
Width of plane frame
t1
Thickness of side wall
t2
Thickness of top slab
t3
Thickness of invert (bottom slab)

1.100
6.500
3.912
0.000
5.003
2.200
0.000
2.700
2.200
0.200
0.200
0.200

tf/m2
tf/m2
tf/m2
tf/m2
tf/m2
m
B
m
m
H0 (t1)
m
m
A
m
m

CAB = CDC = (2Ph1+3Ph2)H02/60

(t2)

C
(t1)

(t3)

B0

2.63655 tfm

1.98045 tfm

CBC = CCB = Pv1B0 /12 + {(a -b )B0 /2 - 2B0(a -b )/3 + (a -b )/4}Pv2/B0

1.57772 tfm

CDA = CAD = PqB02/12

2.01772 tfm

CBA = CCD = (3Ph1+2Ph2)H0 /60


2

2) Calculation of Bending Moment at joint


k1
=
k2 = H0t23/(B0t13) =

1.0
1.2273

k3 = H0t33/(B0t13) =

1.2273

2(k1+k3)

k1

k3

-3k1

qA

k1

2(k1+k2)

k2

-3k1

qB

CBC - CBA
= CCD - CCB

CAB - CAD

k2

2(k1+k2)

k1

-3k1

qC

k3

k1

2(k1+k3)

-3k1

qD

CDA - CDC

k1

k1

k1

k1

-4k1

As load has bilateral symmetry, the equation shown below is formed.


qA = -qD

qB = -qC

2k1+k3

k1

qA

k1

2k1+k2

qB

3.2273
1.0

1.0
3.2273

qA
qB

R =0
=

CAB - CAD
CBC - CBA
0.61883333
-0.40273333

By solving above equation, the result is led as shown below.


qA
qB

qC
qD

= 0.25489
= -0.20377

14/41

=
=

0.20377
-0.25489

(2)168023748.xls.ms_officeMSN

MAB = k1(2qA +qB) - CAB

MBA = k1(2qB+qA)+CBA

1.8278 tfm

MBC = k2(2qB+qC) - CBC

-1.8278 tfm

MCB = k2(2qC+qB)+CCB

1.8278 tfm

MCD = k1(2qC+qD) - CCD

-1.8278 tfm

MDC =k1 (2qD+ qC)+CDC

2.3305 tfm

MDA = k3(2qD+qA) - CDA

-2.3305 tfm

MAD = k3(2qA+qD)+CAD

2.3305 tfm

-2.3305 tfm

2) Calculation of Design Force


2-1) Side Wall in left
a) Shearing Force at joint

MBA

w1
w2
MAB

Load at end A
Load at end B
Bending moment at end A

MBA
L
ch
t
d

Bending moment at end B


Length of member (=H0)
Protective covering height
Thickness of member (height)
Effective height of member

w2

6.500 tf/m2
1.100 tf/m2
-2.3305 tfm
1.8278
2.700
0.060
0.200
0.140

tfm
m
m
m
m

L
x

A
w1

SAB = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MAB+MBA)/L


=
6.531 tf
SBA = SAB - L(w1+w2)/2
=
-3.729 tf

MAB

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint


Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
(i) In case of x1 =
Sx1
=
(ii) In case of x2 =
Sx2
=

c) Bending Moment
MA = MAB
=
MB = -MBA

0.280
4.790
2.420
-3.342

m
tf
m
tf

-2.331 tfm
-1.828 tfm

The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
6.5312
-6.5000 x
+
1.0000 x2 ,
x =
Bending moment at x = 1.2422

5.258
1.242

m is;

Mmax = SABx - w1x2/2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MAB

15/41

1.407 tfm

(2)168023748.xls.ms_officeMSN

2-2) Top Slab


a) Shearing Force at joint
w1
w2
a
b
MBC
MCB
L
ch
t
d

Uniform load
3.912 tf/m2
Uniform load
0.000 tf/m2
Distance from end B to near end of w2 0.000 m
Length of uniform load w2
2.200 m
Bending moment at end B
-1.8278 tfm
Bending moment at end C
1.8278 tfm
Length of member (=Bo)
2.200 m
Protective covering height
0.060 m
Thickness of member (height)
0.200 m
Effective height of member
0.140 m

SBC = (w1L+w2b)/2-(MBC+MCB)/L

4.303 tf

SCB = SBC -w1L - w2b

-4.303 tf

w2
w1
C

MBC

MCB
L

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint


Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SBC - w1x - w2(x-a)
(i) In case of x1 =
Sx1
=
(ii) In case of x2 =
Sx2
=
c) Bending Moment
MB = MBC
=
MC = -MCB
=

in case of
0.280
3.208
1.920
-3.208

0.000 m <= x <=

2.200 m

m
tf
m
tf

-1.828 tfm
-1.828 tfm

The maximum bending moment occurs at the center of member due to symmetry loading distribution.
Bending moment at x = 1.100 m is;
=
0.539 tfm
Mmax = SBCx - w1x2/2 - w2(x-a)2/2 + MBC

2-3) Side Wall in right


a) Shearing Force at joint
w1
w2
MCD
MDC
L
ch
t
d

Load at end C
Load at end D
Bending moment at end C
Bending moment at end D
Length of member (=H0)
Protective covering height
Thickness of member (height)
Effective height of member

1.100
6.500
-1.8278
2.3305
2.700
0.060
0.200
0.140

tf/m2
tf/m2
tfm
tfm
m
m
m
m

MCD

C
L

w1

x
D

w2

MDC

SCD = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MCD+MDC)/L


=
3.729 tf
SDC = SCD - L(w1+w2)/2
=
-6.531 tf

16/41

(2)168023748.xls.ms_officeMSN

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint


Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
(i) In case of x1 =
Sx1
=
(ii) In case of x2 =
Sx2
=
c) Bending Moment
MC = MCD
=
MD = -MDC

0.280
3.342
2.420
-4.790

m
tf
m
tf

-1.828 tfm
-2.331 tfm

The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
3.7288
-1.1000 x
-1.0000 x2 ,
x =

-2.558
1.458

Bending moment at x = 1.4578 m is;


Mmax = SCDx - w1x2/2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MCD

= 1.40650 tfm

2-4) Bottom Slab


a) Shearing Force at joint
w1
w2
MDA

Reaction at end D
Reaction at end A
Bending moment at end B

MAD
L
ch
t
d

Bending moment at end C


Length of member (=B0)
Protective covering height
Thickness of member (height)
Effective height of member

5.003 tf/m2
5.003 tf/m2
-2.33054 tfm
2.33054
2.200
0.060
0.200
0.140

tfm
m
m
m
m

L
MAD

MDA

w2

w1

SDA = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MDA+MAD)/L


=
5.503 tf
SAD = SDA - L(w1+w2)/2
=
-5.503 tf
b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint
Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SDA- w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
(i) In case of x1 =
0.280 m
Sx1
=
4.102 tf
(ii) In case of x2 =
1.920 m
Sx2
=
-4.102 tf
c) Bending Moment
MD = MDA
=
-2.331 tfm
MA = -MAD
=
-2.331 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SDA - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
5.5029
-5.0026 x
,
x =

1.100

Bending moment at x = 1.1000 m is;


Mmax = SDAx - w1x2/2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MDA

17/41

0.696 tfm

(2)168023748.xls.ms_officeMSN

Case 2: Box Culvert Inside is Empty, Underground Water up to Top slab, Track load Case. L2
1) Calculation of Load Term
Ph1
Horizontal Pressure at top of side wall
Ph2
Horizontal Pressure at bottom of side wall
Pv1
Vertical Pressure(1) on top slab
Pv2
Vertical Pressure(2) on top slab
Pq
Reaction to bottom slab
a
Distance from joint B to far end of Pv2
b
Distance from joint B to near end of Pv2
H0
Height of plane frame
B0
Width of plane frame
t1
Thickness of side wall
t2
Thickness of top slab
t3
Thickness of invert (bottom slab)

1.874
7.274
3.915
0.000
5.006
2.200
0.000
2.700
2.200
0.200
0.200
0.200

tf/m2
tf/m2
tf/m2
tf/m2
tf/m2
m
B
m
m
H0 (t1)
m
m
A
m
m

CAB = CDC = (2Ph1+3Ph2)H02/60


2

CBA = CCD = (3Ph1+2Ph2)H0 /60


2

CBC = CCB = Pv1B0 /12 + {(a -b )B0 /2 - 2B0(a -b )/3 + (a -b )/4}Pv2/B0


2

CDA = CAD = PqB0 /12

(t2)

C
(t1)

(t3)

B0

3.10664 tfm

2.45054 tfm

1.57901 tfm

2.01901 tfm

2) Calculation of Bending Moment at joint


k1
=
k2 = H0t23/(B0t13) =
k3 = H0t33/(B0t13) =

1.0
1.22727
1.22727

2(k1+k3)

k1

k3

-3k1

qA

CAB - CAD

k1

2(k1+k2)

k2

-3k1

qB

CBC - CBA

k2

2(k1+k2)

k1

-3k1

qC

= CCD - CCB

k3
k1

0
k1

k1
k1

2(k1+k3)
k1

-3k1
-4k1

qD
R

CDA - CDC
0

As load has bilateral symmetry, the equation shown below is formed.


qA = -qD

qB = -qC

2k1+k3

k1

qA

k1

2k1+k2

qB

3.2273
1.0

1.0
3.2273

qA
qB

R =0
=

CAB - CAD
CBC - CBA
1.08763294
-0.87153294

By solving above equation, the result is led as shown below.


qA

0.46537

qC

0.41425

qB

= -0.41425

qD

-0.46537

18/41

(2)168023748.xls.ms_officeMSN

MAB = k1(2qA +qB) - CAB

-2.5901 tfm

MBA = k1(2qB+qA)+CBA

2.0874 tfm

MBC = k2(2qB+qC) - CBC

-2.0874 tfm

MCB = k2(2qC+qB)+CCB

2.0874 tfm

MCD = k1(2qC+qD) - CCD

-2.0874 tfm

MDC =k1 (2qD+ qC)+CDC

2.5901 tfm

MDA = k3(2qD+qA) - CDA

-2.5901 tfm

MAD = k3(2qA+qD)+CAD

2.5901 tfm

2) Calculation of Design Force


2-1) Side Wall in left
a) Shearing Force at joint

MBA

w1
w2
MAB

Load at end A
Load at end B
Bending moment at end A

MBA
L
ch
t
d

Bending moment at end B


Length of member (=H0)
Protective covering height
Thickness of member (height)
Effective height of member

w2

7.274 tf/m2
1.874 tf/m2
-2.5901 tfm
2.0874
2.700
0.060
0.200
0.140

tfm
m
m
m
m

L
x

A
w1

SAB = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MAB+MBA)/L


= 7.5758 tf
SBA = SAB - L(w1+w2)/2
= -4.7734 tf

MAB

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint


Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
(i) In case of x1 =
Sx1
=
(ii) In case of x2 =
Sx2
=

c) Bending Moment
MA = MAB
=
MB = -MBA

0.280
5.618
2.42
-4.170

m
tf
m
tf

-2.590 tfm
-2.087 tfm

The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
7.5758
-7.2738 x
+
1.0000 x2 ,
x =
Bending moment at x = 1.2597

6.014
1.260

m is;

Mmax = SABx - w1x2/2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MAB

19/41

1.848 tfm

(2)168023748.xls.ms_officeMSN

2-2) Top Slab


a) Shearing Force at joint
w1
w2
a
b
MBC

Uniform load
3.915
Uniform load
0.000
Distance from end B to near end of w2 0.000
Length of uniform load w2
2.200
Bending moment at end B
-2.0874

tf/m2
tf/m2
m
m
tfm

MCB
L
ch
t
d

Bending moment at end C


Length of member (=Bo)
Protective covering height
Thickness of member (height)
Effective height of member

tfm
m
m
m
m

2.0874
2.200
0.060
0.200
0.140

SBC = (w1L+w2b)/2-(MBC+MCB)/L

4.306 tf

SCB = SBC -w1L - w2b

-4.306 tf

w2
w1
C

MBC

MCB
L

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint


Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SBC - w1x - w2(x-a)
(i) In case of x1 =
Sx1
=
(ii) In case of x2 =
Sx2
=
c) Bending Moment
MB = MBC
=
MC = -MCB

in case of
0.280
3.210
1.920
-3.210

0.000 m <= x <=

2.200 m

m
tf
m
tf

-2.087 tfm
-2.087 tfm

The maximum bending moment occurs at the center of member due to symmetry loading distribution.
Bending moment at x = 1.100 m is;
=
0.281 tfm
Mmax = SBCx - w1x2/2 - w2(x-a)2/2 + MBC

2-3) Side Wall in right


a) Shearing Force at joint
w1
w2
MCD

Load at end C
Load at end D
Bending moment at end C

MDC
L
ch
t
d

Bending moment at end D


Length of member (=H0)
Protective covering height
Thickness of member (height)
Effective height of member

1.874 tf/m2
7.274 tf/m2
-2.0874 tfm
2.5901
2.700
0.060
0.200
0.140

tfm
m
m
m
m

MCD

C
L

w1

w2

MDC

SCD = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MCD+MDC)/L


=
4.773 tf
SDC = SCD - L(w1+w2)/2
=
-7.576 tf

20/41

(2)168023748.xls.ms_officeMSN

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint


Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
(i) In case of x1 =
0.280 m
Sx1
=
4.170 tf
(ii) In case of x2 =
2.420 m
Sx2
=
-5.618 tf
c) Bending Moment
MC = MCD
=
MD = -MDC

-2.087 tfm
-2.590 tfm

The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
4.7734
-1.8738 x
-1.0000 x2 ,
x =

-3.3141
1.4403

Bending moment at x = 1.4403 m is;


Mmax = SCDx - w1x2/2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MCD

1.8483 tfm

2-4) Bottom Slab


a) Shearing Force at joint
w1
w2
MDA

Reaction at end D
Reaction at end A
Bending moment at end B

MAD
L
ch
t
d

Bending moment at end C


Length of member (=B0)
Protective covering height
Thickness of member (height)
Effective height of member

5.006 tf/m2
5.006 tf/m2
-2.5901 tfm
2.5901
2.200
0.060
0.200
0.140

tfm
m
m
m
m

L
MAD

MDA

w2

w1

SDA = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MDA+MAD)/L


=
5.506 tf
SAD = SDA - L(w1+w2)/2
=
-5.506 tf
b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint
Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SDA- w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
(i) In case of x1 =
0.280 m
Sx1
=
4.105 tf
(ii) In case of x2 =
1.920 m
Sx2
=
-4.105 tf
c) Bending Moment
MD = MDA
=

-2.590 tfm

MA = -MAD
=
-2.590 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SDA - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
5.5064
-5.0058 x
,
x =

1.1000

Bending moment at x = 1.1000 m is;


Mmax = SDAx - w1x2/2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MDA

21/41

0.438 tfm

(2)168023748.xls.ms_officeMSN

Case 3: Box Culvert Inside is Full, Underground Water up to invert, Track load Case. L1
1) Calculation of Load Term
Ph1
Horizontal Pressure at top of side wall
Ph2
Horizontal Pressure at bottom of side wall
Pv1
Vertical Pressure(1) on top slab
Pv2
Vertical Pressure(2) on top slab
Pq
Reaction to bottom slab
a
Distance from joint B to far end of Pv2
b
Distance from joint B to near end of Pv2
H0
Height of plane frame
B0
Width of plane frame
t1
Thickness of side wall
t2
Thickness of top slab
t3
Thickness of invert (bottom slab)

0.990
0.920
3.912
0.000
5.003
2.200
0.000
2.700
2.200
0.200
0.200
0.200

tf/m2
tf/m2
tf/m2
tf/m2
tf/m2
m
B
m
m
H0 (t1)
m
m
A
m
m

CAB = CDC = (2Ph1+3Ph2)H02/60


2

CBA = CCD = (3Ph1+2Ph2)H0 /60


2

CBC = CCB = Pv1B0 /12 + {(a -b )B0 /2 - 2B0(a -b )/3 + (a -b )/4}Pv2/B0


2

CDA = CAD = PqB0 /12

(t2)

C
(t1)

(t3)

B0

0.57591 tfm

0.58442 tfm

1.57772 tfm

2.01772 tfm

2) Calculation of Bending Moment at joint


k1
=
k2 = H0t23/(B0t13) =
k3 = H0t33/(B0t13) =

1.0
1.22727
1.22727

2(k1+k3)

k1

k3

-3k1

qA

CAB - CAD

k1

2(k1+k2)

k2

-3k1

qB

CBC - CBA

k2

2(k1+k2)

k1

-3k1

qC

= CCD - CCB

k3
k1

0
k1

k1
k1

2(k1+k3)
k1

-3k1
-4k1

qD
R

CDA - CDC
0

As load has bilateral symmetry, the equation shown below is formed.


qA = -qD

qB = -qC

2k1+k3

k1

qA

k1

2k1+k2

qB

3.2273
1.0

1.0
3.2273

qA
qB

R =0
=

CAB - CAD
CBC - CBA
-1.44180667
0.99330167

By solving above equation, the result is led as shown below.


qA
qB

qC
qD

= -0.59971
= 0.49361

22/41

=
=

-0.49361
0.59971

(2)168023748.xls.ms_officeMSN

MAB = k1(2qA +qB) - CAB

= -1.28171 tfm

MBA = k1(2qB+qA)+CBA

= 0.97193 tfm

MBC = k2(2qB+qC) - CBC

= -0.97193 tfm

MCB = k2(2qC+qB)+CCB

= 0.97193 tfm

MCD = k1(2qC+qD) - CCD

= -0.97193 tfm

MDC =k1 (2qD+ qC)+CDC

= 1.28171 tfm

MDA = k3(2qD+qA) - CDA

= -1.28171 tfm

MAD = k3(2qA+qD)+CAD

= 1.28171 tfm

2) Calculation of Design Force


2-1) Side Wall in left
a) Shearing Force at joint

MBA

w1
w2
MAB

Load at end A
Load at end B
Bending moment at end A

MBA
L
ch
t
d

Bending moment at end B


Length of member (=H0)
Protective covering height
Thickness of member (height)
Effective height of member

w2

0.920 tf/m2
0.990 tf/m2
-1.2817 tfm
0.9719
2.700
0.060
0.200
0.140

tfm
m
m
m
m

L
x

A
w1

SAB = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MAB+MBA)/L


=
1.388 tf
SBA = SAB - L(w1+w2)/2
=
-1.190 tf

MAB

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint


Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
(i) In case of x1 =
Sx1
=
(ii) In case of x2 =
Sx2
=

c) Bending Moment
MA = MAB
=
MB = -MBA

0.280
1.130
2.420
-0.914

m
tf
m
tf

-1.282 tfm
-0.972 tfm

The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
1.3882
-0.9200 x
+
-0.0130 x2 ,
x =
Bending moment at x = 1.4782

-72.450
1.478

m is;

Mmax = SABx - w1x2/2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MAB

23/41

-0.249 tfm

(2)168023748.xls.ms_officeMSN

2-2) Top Slab


a) Shearing Force at joint
w1
w2
a
b
MBC

Uniform load
Uniform load
Distance from end B to near end of w2
Length of uniform load w2
Bending moment at end B

MCB
L
ch
t
d

Bending moment at end C


Length of member (=Bo)
Protective covering height
Thickness of member (height)
Effective height of member

3.912
0.000
0.000
2.200
-0.972

tf/m2
tf/m2
m
m
tfm

0.972
2.200
0.060
0.200
0.140

tfm
m
m
m
m

SBC = (w1L+w2b)/2-(MBC+MCB)/L

4.303 tf

SCB = SBC -w1L - w2b

-4.303 tf

w2
w1
C

MBC

MCB
L

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint


Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SBC - w1x - w2(x-a)
(i) In case of x1 =
Sx1
=
(ii) In case of x2 =
Sx2
=
c) Bending Moment
MB = MBC
=
MC = -MCB

in case of
0.280
3.208
1.920
-3.208

0.000 m <= x <=

2.200 m

m
tf
m
tf

-0.972 tfm
-0.972 tfm

The maximum bending moment occurs at the center of member due to symmetry loading distribution.
Bending moment at x = 1.100 m is;
=
1.395 tfm
Mmax = SBCx - w1x2/2 - w2(x-a)2/2 + MBC

2-3) Side Wall in right


a) Shearing Force at joint
w1
w2
MCD

Load at end C
Load at end D
Bending moment at end C

MDC
L
ch
t
d

Bending moment at end D


Length of member (=H0)
Protective covering height
Thickness of member (height)
Effective height of member

0.990 tf/m2
0.920 tf/m2
-0.972 tfm
1.282
2.700
0.060
0.200
0.140

tfm
m
m
m
m

MCD

C
L

w1

w2

MDC

SCD = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MCD+MDC)/L


=
1.190 tf
SDC = SCD - L(w1+w2)/2
=
-1.388 tf

24/41

(2)168023748.xls.ms_officeMSN

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint


Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
(i) In case of x1 =
0.280 m
Sx1
=
0.914 tf
(ii) In case of x2 =
2.420 m
Sx2
=
-1.130 tf
c) Bending Moment
MC = MCD
=
MD = -MDC

-0.972 tfm
-1.282 tfm

The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
1.1903
-0.9900 x
+
0.0130 x2 ,
x =

75.15
1.222

Bending moment at x = 1.2218 m is;


Mmax = SCDx - w1x2/2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MCD

-0.249 tfm

2-4) Bottom Slab


a) Shearing Force at joint
w1
w2
MDA

Reaction at end D
Reaction at end A
Bending moment at end B

MAD
L
ch
t
d

Bending moment at end C


Length of member (=B0)
Protective covering height
Thickness of member (height)
Effective height of member

5.003 tf/m2
5.003 tf/m2
-1.282 tfm
1.282
2.200
0.060
0.200
0.140

tfm
m
m
m
m

L
MAD

MDA

w2

w1

SDA = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MDA+MAD)/L


=
5.503 tf
SAD = SDA - L(w1+w2)/2
=
-5.503 tf
b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint
Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SDA- w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
(i) In case of x1 =
0.280 m
Sx1
=
4.102 tf
(ii) In case of x2 =
1.920 m
Sx2
=
-4.102 tf
c) Bending Moment
MD = MDA
=

-1.282 tfm

MA = -MAD
=
-1.282 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SDA - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
5.5029
-5.0026 x
,
x =

1.100

Bending moment at x = 1.1000 m is;


Mmax = SDAx - w1x2/2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MDA

25/41

1.745 tfm

(2)168023748.xls.ms_officeMSN

Case 4: Box Culvert Inside is Full, Underground Water up to invert, Track load Case. L2
1) Calculation of Load Term
Ph1
Horizontal Pressure at top of side wall
Ph2

Horizontal Pressure at bottom of side wall

Pv1

Vertical Pressure(1) on top slab

Pv2
Pq
a
b
H0
B0
t1
t2
t3

Vertical Pressure(2) on top slab


Reaction to bottom slab
Distance from joint B to far end of Pv2
Distance from joint B to near end of Pv2
Height of plane frame
Width of plane frame
Thickness of side wall
Thickness of top slab
Thickness of invert (bottom slab)

1.764 tf/m2
1.694 tf/m2
3.915 tf/m2
0.000 tf/m2
5.006 tf/m2
2.200 m
B
0.000 m
2.700 m
H0 (t1)
2.200 m
0.200 m
A
0.200 m
0.200 m

CAB = CDC = (2Ph1+3Ph2)H02/60

(t2)

C
(t1)

(t3)

B0

1.04600 tfm

CBA = CCD = (3Ph1+2Ph2)H0 /60

1.05450 tfm

CBC = CCB = Pv1B02/12 + {(a2-b2)B02/2 - 2B0(a3-b3)/3 + (a4-b4)/4}Pv2/B02

1.57901 tfm

2.01901 tfm

CDA = CAD = PqB0 /12


2) Calculation of Bending Moment at joint
k1
=
k2 = H0t23/(B0t13) =
k3 = H0t33/(B0t13) =

1.0
1.22727
1.22727
k3

-3k1

qA

k2

-3k1

qB

CBC - CBA

k2

2(k1+k2)

k1

-3k1

qC

= CCD - CCB

0
k1

k1
k1

2(k1+k3)
k1

-3k1
-4k1

qD
R

CDA - CDC
0

2(k1+k3)

k1

k1

2(k1+k2)

0
k3
k1

CAB - CAD

As load has bilateral symmetry, the equation shown below is formed.


qA = -qD

qB = -qC

R =0

2k1+k3
k1
k1
2k1+k2

qA
qB

CAB - CAD
CBC - CBA

3.2273
1.0

qA
qB

-0.97300706
0.52450206

1.0
3.2273

By solving above equation, the result is led as shown below.


qA
qB

qC
qD

= -0.38922
= 0.28313

26/41

=
=

-0.28313
0.38922

(2)168023748.xls.ms_officeMSN

MAB = k1(2qA +qB) - CAB

= -1.54132 tfm

MBA = k1(2qB+qA)+CBA

= 1.23153 tfm

MBC = k2(2qB+qC) - CBC

= -1.23153 tfm

MCB = k2(2qC+qB)+CCB

= 1.23153 tfm

MCD = k1(2qC+qD) - CCD

= -1.23153 tfm

MDC =k1 (2qD+ qC)+CDC

= 1.54132 tfm

MDA = k3(2qD+qA) - CDA

= -1.54132 tfm

MAD = k3(2qA+qD)+CAD

= 1.54132 tfm

2) Calculation of Design Force


2-1) Side Wall in left
a) Shearing Force at joint

MBA

w1
w2
MAB

Load at end A
Load at end B
Bending moment at end A

MBA
L
ch
t
d

Bending moment at end B


Length of member (=H0)
Protective covering height
Thickness of member (height)
Effective height of member

w2

1.694 tf/m2
1.764 tf/m2
-1.541 tfm
1.232
2.700
0.060
0.200
0.140

tfm
m
m
m
m

L
x

A
w1

SAB = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MAB+MBA)/L


=
2.433 tf
SBA = SAB - L(w1+w2)/2
=
-2.235 tf

MAB

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint


Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
(i) In case of x1 =
Sx1
=
(ii) In case of x2 =
Sx2
=

c) Bending Moment
MA = MAB
=
MB = -MBA

0.280
1.958
2.42
-1.742

m
tf
m
tf

-1.541 tfm
-1.232 tfm

The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
2.4329
-1.6938 x
+
-0.0130 x2 ,
x = -132.086
1.421
Bending moment at x = 1.4209 m is;
=
0.193 tfm
Mmax = SABx - w1x2/2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MAB

27/41

(2)168023748.xls.ms_officeMSN

2-2) Top Slab


a) Shearing Force at joint
w1
w2
a
b
MBC

Uniform load
Uniform load
Distance from end B to near end of w2
Length of uniform load w2
Bending moment at end B

MCB
L
ch
t
d

Bending moment at end C


Length of member (=Bo)
Protective covering height
Thickness of member (height)
Effective height of member

3.915
0.000
0.000
2.200
-1.232

tf/m2
tf/m2
m
m
tfm

1.232
2.200
0.060
0.200
0.140

tfm
m
m
m
m

SBC = (w1L+w2b)/2-(MBC+MCB)/L

4.306 tf

SCB = SBC -w1L - w2b

-4.306 tf

w2
w1
C

MBC

MCB
L

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint


Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SBC - w1x - w2(x-a)
(i) In case of x1 =
Sx1
=
(ii) In case of x2 =
Sx2
=
c) Bending Moment
MB = MBC
=
MC = -MCB

in case of
0.280
3.210
1.920
-3.210

0.000 m <= x <=

2.200 m

m
tf
m
tf

-1.232 tfm
-1.232 tfm

The maximum bending moment occurs at the center of member due to symmetry loading distribution.
Bending moment at x = 1.100 m is;
=
1.137 tfm
Mmax = SBCx - w1x2/2 - w2(x-a)2/2 + MBC

2-3) Side Wall in right


a) Shearing Force at joint
w1
w2
MCD

Load at end C
Load at end D
Bending moment at end C

MDC
L
ch
t
d

Bending moment at end D


Length of member (=H0)
Protective covering height
Thickness of member (height)
Effective height of member

1.764 tf/m2
1.694 tf/m2
-1.232 tfm
1.541
2.700
0.060
0.200
0.140

tfm
m
m
m
m

MCD

C
L

w1

w2

MDC

SCD = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MCD+MDC)/L


=
2.235 tf
SDC = SCD - L(w1+w2)/2
=
-2.433 tf

28/41

(2)168023748.xls.ms_officeMSN

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint


Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
(i) In case of x1 =
0.280 m
Sx1
=
1.7421 tf
(ii) In case of x2 =
2.420 m
Sx2
= -1.9576 tf
c) Bending Moment
MC = MCD
=
MD = -MDC

-1.232 tfm
-1.541 tfm

The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
2.2349
-1.7638 x
+
0.0130 x2 ,
x =

134.8
1.279

Bending moment at x = 1.2791 m is;


Mmax = SCDx - w1x2/2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MCD

0.193 tfm

2-4) Bottom Slab


a) Shearing Force at joint
w1
w2
MDA

Reaction at end D
Reaction at end A
Bending moment at end B

MAD
L
ch
t
d

Bending moment at end C


Length of member (=B0)
Protective covering height
Thickness of member (height)
Effective height of member

5.006 tf/m2
5.006 tf/m2
-1.541 tfm
1.541
2.200
0.060
0.200
0.140

tfm
m
m
m
m

L
MAD

MDA

w2

w1

SDA = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MDA+MAD)/L


=
5.506 tf
SAD = SDA - L(w1+w2)/2
=
-5.506 tf
b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint
Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SDA- w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
(i) In case of x1 =
0.280 m
Sx1
=
4.105 tf
(ii) In case of x2 =
1.920 m
Sx2
=
-4.105 tf
c) Bending Moment
MD = MDA
=

-1.541 tfm

MA = -MAD
=
-1.541 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SDA - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
=
5.5064
-5.0058 x
,
x =

1.100

Bending moment at x = 1.1000 m is;


Mmax = SDAx - w1x2/2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MDA

29/41

1.487 tfm

(2)168023748.xls.ms_officeMSN

Summary of Internal forces

Member
Side wall
(left)

Case
Case.1

Case.2

Case.3

Case.4
Top slab
Case.1

Case.2

Case.3

Case.4
Side wall
(right)

Case.1

Case.2

Case.3

Case.4
Invert
Case.1

Case.2

Case.3

Case.4

Check
Point
A
Middle
B
A
Middle
B
A
Middle
B
A
Middle
B
B
Middle
C
B
Middle
C
B
Middle
C
B
Middle
C
C
Middle
D
C
Middle
D
C
Middle
D
C
Middle
D
D
Middle
A
D
Middle
A
D
Middle
A
D
Middle
A

M
(tfm)
-2.331
1.407
-1.828
-2.590
1.848
-2.087
-1.282
-0.249
-0.972
-1.541
0.193
-1.232
-1.828
0.539
-1.828
-2.087
0.281
-2.087
-0.972
1.395
-0.972
-1.232
1.137
-1.232
-1.828
1.407
-2.331
-2.087
1.848
-2.590
-0.972
-0.249
-1.282
-1.232
0.193
-1.541
-2.331
0.696
-2.331
-2.590
0.438
-2.590
-1.282
1.745
-1.282
-1.541
1.487
-1.541

30/41

N
(tf)
5.503
4.951
4.303
5.506
4.947
4.306
5.503
4.846
4.303
5.506
4.875
4.306
3.729
3.729
3.729
4.773
4.773
4.773
1.190
1.190
1.190
2.235
2.235
2.235
4.303
4.951
5.503
4.306
4.947
5.506
4.303
4.846
5.503
4.306
4.875
5.506
6.531
6.531
6.531
7.576
7.576
7.576
1.388
1.388
1.388
2.433
2.433
2.433

S
at joint
6.531
0.000
-3.729
7.576
0.000
-4.773
1.388
0.000
-1.190
2.433
0.000
-2.235
4.303
0.000
-4.303
4.306
0.000
-4.306
4.303
0.000
-4.303
4.306
0.000
-4.306
3.729
0.000
-6.531
4.773
0.000
-7.576
1.190
0.000
-1.388
2.235
0.000
-2.433
5.503
0.000
-5.503
5.506
0.000
-5.506
5.503
0.000
-5.503
5.506
0.000
-5.506

(tf)
at 2d
4.790
-3.342
5.618
-4.170
1.130
-0.914
1.958
-1.742
3.208
-3.208
3.210
-3.210
3.208
-3.208
3.210
-3.210
3.342
-4.790
4.170
-5.618
0.914
-1.130
1.742
-1.958
4.102
-4.102
4.105
-4.105
4.102
-4.102
4.105
-4.105

(3)168023748.xls.ms_officeSum MSN

Calculation of Required Reinforcement Bar

5-1 Calculation of Required Reinforcement Bar


1) At Joint "A"of side wall
Case.1
sca =
M=
2.3305 tfm
ssa =
N=
5.5029 tf
S0=
6.5312 tf
n=
S2d=
4.7896 tf

60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24

h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=

20
14
6
4.00
100

cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm

e = M/N =
42.35 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 38.729 kgf/cm2
( -178470 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+48.46 sc^2
-4554.7 sc
-132846.49
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3990
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
3.7960 cm2
Case.2
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=

2.5901
5.5064
7.5758
5.6176

sca =
ssa =
n=

tfm
tf
tf
tf

60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24

h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=

20
14
6
4.00
100

d
d

cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm

e = M/N =
47.04 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 39.304 kgf/cm2
( -214195 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+44.48 sc^2
-5018.6 sc
-146375.06
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.4026
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
3.9778 cm2
Case.3
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=

1.2817
5.5029
1.3882
1.1296

sca =
ssa =
n=

tfm
tf
tf
tf

60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24

h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=

20
14
6
4.00
100

cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm

e = M/N =
23.29 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 34.762 kgf/cm2
( -51486 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+64.51 sc^2
-2681.8 sc
-78220.23
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3734
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
2.5595 cm2
Case.4
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=

1.5413
5.5064
2.4329
1.9576

sca =
ssa =
n=

tfm
tf
tf
tf

60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24

h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=

20
14
6
4.00
100

cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm

e = M/N =
27.99 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 35.359 kgf/cm2
( -83078 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+60.54 sc^2
-3145.7 sc
-91748.80
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3774
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
2.7390 cm2
The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is
Case.
Requirement

2) At Joint "B"of side wall


Case.1
M=
1.8278 tfm
N=
4.3029 tf
S0=
3.7288 tf
S2d=
3.3424 tf

1
3.7960

2
3.9778

sca =
ssa =
n=

3.9778 cm2 in Case.2


3
2.5595

from above calculation.

4
2.7390 (cm2)

60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24

h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=

20
14
6
4.00
100

cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm

e = M/N =
42.48 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 34.350 kgf/cm2
( -119177 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
sc^2
sc
+56.89
-3571.3
-104162.18
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3706
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
3.2920 cm2
Case.2
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=

2.0874
4.3064
4.7734
4.1704

tfm
tf
tf
tf

sca =
ssa =
n=

60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24

h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=

20
14
6
4.00
100

d
d

cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm

e = M/N =
48.47 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 34.950 kgf/cm2
( -151397 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+52.91 sc^2
-4035.1 sc
-117690.75
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3747
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
3.4713 cm2

31/ 41

(4)168023748.xls.ms_office, R-bar req

Case.3
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=

0.9719
4.3029
1.1903
0.9141

sca =
ssa =
n=

tfm
tf
tf
tf

60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24

h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=

20
14
6
4.00
100

cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm

e = M/N =
22.59 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 30.914 kgf/cm2
( -26310 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+69.99 sc^2
-2042.9 sc
-59585.39
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3464
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
2.2805 cm2
Case.4
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=

1.2315
4.3064
2.2349
1.7421

sca =
ssa =
n=

tfm
tf
tf
tf

60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24

h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=

20
14
6
4.00
100

cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm

e = M/N =
28.60 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 31.538 kgf/cm2
( -55148 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+66.01 sc^2
-2506.8 sc
-73113.96
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3509
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
2.4577 cm2
The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is
Case.
Requirement
3) At Joint "B"of top slab
Case.1
M=
1.8278
N=
3.7288
S0=
4.3029
S2d=
3.2076

1
3.2920

2
3.4713

sca =
ssa =
n=

tfm
tf
tf
tf

3.4713 cm2 in Case.2


3
2.2805

from above calculation.

4
2.4577 (cm2)

60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24

h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=

20
14
6
4.00
100

cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm

e = M/N =
49.02 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 32.854 kgf/cm2
( -121704 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+57.24 sc^2
-3530.3 sc
-102966.22
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3603
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
3.2550 cm2
Case.2
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=

2.0874
4.7734
4.3064
3.2102

sca =
ssa =
n=

tfm
tf
tf
tf

60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24

h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=

20
14
6
4.00
100

d
d

cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm

e = M/N =
43.73 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 33.391 kgf/cm2
( -158603 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+52.63 sc^2
-4068.5 sc
-118663.80
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3640
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
2.6683 cm2
Case.3
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=

0.9719
1.1903
4.3029
3.2076

sca =
ssa =
n=

tfm
tf
tf
tf

60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24

h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=

20
14
6
4.00
100

cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm

e = M/N =
81.66 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 28.090 kgf/cm2
( -25354 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+71.89 sc^2
-1820.6 sc
-53100.81
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3250
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
3.7147 cm2
Case.4
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=

1.2315
2.2349
4.3064
3.2102

sca =
ssa =
n=

tfm
tf
tf
tf

60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24

h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=

20
14
6
4.00
100

cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm

e = M/N =
55.10 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 28.662 kgf/cm2
( -57589 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+67.28 sc^2
-2358.8 sc
-68798.39
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3295
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
3.1252 cm2
The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is
Case.
Requirement

1
3.2550

2
2.6683

3.7147 cm2 in Case.3


3
3.7147

from above calculation.

4
3.1252 (cm2)

32/ 41

(4)168023748.xls.ms_office, R-bar req

4) At Joint "A"of invert


Case.1
M=
2.3305
N=
6.5312
S0=
5.5029
S2d=
4.1021

sca =
ssa =
n=

tfm
tf
tf
tf

60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24

h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=

20
14
6
4.00
100

cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm

e = M/N =
35.68 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 37.763 kgf/cm2
( -187704 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+47.83 sc^2
-4628.2 sc
-134988.86
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3930
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
2.7547 cm2
Case.2
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=

2.5901
7.5758
5.5064
4.1048

sca =
ssa =
n=

tfm
tf
tf
tf

60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24

h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=

20
14
6
4.00
100

d
d

cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm

e = M/N =
34.19 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 38.275 kgf/cm2
( -229043 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+43.22 sc^2
-5166.4 sc
-150686.44
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3962
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
2.1706 cm2
Case.3
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=

1.2817
1.3882
5.5029
4.1021

sca =
ssa =
n=

tfm
tf
tf
tf

60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24

h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=

20
14
6
4.00
100

cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm

e = M/N =
92.33 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 31.398 kgf/cm2
( -47590 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+67.03 sc^2
-2387.9 sc
-69648.09
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3499
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
4.5017 cm2
Case.4
M=
N=
S0=
S2d=

1.5413
2.4329
5.5064
4.1048

sca =
ssa =
n=

tfm
tf
tf
tf

60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24

h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=

20
14
6
4.00
100

cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm

e = M/N =
63.35 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 31.945 kgf/cm2
( -82522 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+62.42 sc^2
-2926.1 sc
-85345.67
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3539
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
3.9142 cm2
The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is
Case.
Requirement

5) At Middle of side wall


Case.1
M=
1.4065 tfm
N=
4.9508 tf

1
2.7547

2
2.1706

sca =
ssa =
n=

4.5017 cm2 in Case.3


3
4.5017

from above calculation.

4
3.9142 (cm2)

60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24

h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=

20
14
6
4.00
100

cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm

e = M/N =
28.41 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc =21.9840 kgf/cm2
( -105515 kgf/cm2) check
h
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+62.94 sc^2
-2865.2 sc
-83569.35
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.2737
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
0.0000 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
Case.2
M=
N=

1.8483 tfm
4.9465 tf

sca =
ssa =
n=

60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24

h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=

20
14
6
4.00
100

d
d

cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm

e = M/N =
37.36 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 22.158 kgf/cm2
( ###### kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+56.18 sc^2
-3653.8 sc
-106568.69
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.2753
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
0.0000 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member

33/ 41

(4)168023748.xls.ms_office, R-bar req

Case.3
M=
N=

sca =
ssa =
n=

0.2487 tfm
4.8459 tf

60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24

h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=

20
14
6
4.00
100

cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm

e = M/N =
5.13 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 16.634 kgf/cm2
(
-9256 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+80.73 sc^2
-790.27 sc
-23049.47
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.2219
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
0.0000 cm2
Tensile is on outside of member
Case.4
M=
N=

sca =
ssa =
n=

0.1933 tfm
4.8749 tf

60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24

h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=

20
14
6
4.00
100

cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm

e = M/N =
3.97 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 16.839 kgf/cm2
(
-3998 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+81.56 sc^2
-693.38 sc
-20223.53
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.2240
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
0.0000 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is
Case.
Requirement
Side

1
0.0000
inside

6) At Middle of top slab


Case.1
M=
0.5388 tfm
N=
3.7288 tf

2
0.0000
inside

sca =
ssa =
n=

0.0000 cm2 in Case.1


3
outside

4
0.0000
inside

from above calculation.

(cm2)

60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24

h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=

20
14
6
4.00
100

cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm

e = M/N =
14.45 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 27.583 kgf/cm2
(
9834 kgf/cm2) check
h
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+76.97 sc^2
-1228.4 sc
-35829.57
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3210
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
1.7643 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
Case.2
M=
N=

sca =
ssa =
n=

0.2811 tfm
4.7734 tf

60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24

h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=

20
14
6
4.00
100

d
d

cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm

e = M/N =
5.89 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 28.160 kgf/cm2
( 37662 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+80.27 sc^2
-842.93 sc
-24585.42
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3256
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
1.1745 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
Case.3
M=
N=

sca =
ssa =
n=

1.3946 tfm
1.1903 tf

60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24

h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=

20
14
6
4.00
100

cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm

e = M/N =
117.17 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 29.939 kgf/cm2
( -66752 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+65.42 sc^2
-2575.5 sc
-75117.73
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3392
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
4.2268 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
Case.4
M=
N=

sca =
ssa =
n=

1.1370 tfm
2.2349 tf

60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24

h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=

20
14
6
4.00
100

cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm

e = M/N =
50.87 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 30.496 kgf/cm2
( -38377 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+68.73 sc^2
-2190 sc
-63873.59
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3433
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
3.6384 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is
Case.
Requirement
Side

1
1.7643
inside

2
1.1745
inside

4.2268 cm2 in Case.3


3
4.2268
inside

from above calculation.

4
3.6384 (cm2)
inside

34/ 41

(4)168023748.xls.ms_office, R-bar req

7) At Middle of invert
Case.1
M=
0.6960 tfm
N=
6.5312 tf

sca =
ssa =
n=

60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24

h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=

20
14
6
4.00
100

cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm

e = M/N =
10.66 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc =31.3560 kgf/cm2
(
-1005 kgf/cm2) check
h
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+72.85 sc^2
-1709.4 sc
-49858.59
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3496
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
0.8160 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
Case.2
M=
N=

sca =
ssa =
n=

0.4384 tfm
7.5758 tf

60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24

h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=

20
14
6
4.00
100

d
d

cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm

e = M/N =
5.79 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 31.902 kgf/cm2
( 29116 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+76.15 sc^2
-1323.9 sc
-38614.44
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3535
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
0.2279 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
Case.3
M=
N=

sca =
ssa =
n=

1.7449 tfm
1.3882 tf

60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24

h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=

20
14
6
4.00
100

cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm

e = M/N =
125.69 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 33.146 kgf/cm2
( -98063 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+59.94 sc^2
-3215 sc
-93770.34
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3623
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
5.0134 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
Case.4
M=
N=

sca =
ssa =
n=

1.4872 tfm
2.4329 tf

60 kgf/m2
1400 kgf/m2
24

h=
d=
d' =
c=
b=

20
14
6
4.00
100

cm (height of member)
cm (effective height of member)
cm (protective covering depth)
cm (distance from neutral axis)
cm

e = M/N =
61.13 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 33.682 kgf/cm2
( -67860 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3
+63.25 sc^2
-2829.5 sc
-82526.20
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) =
0.3660
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa =
4.4269 cm2
Tensile is on inside of member
The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is
Case.
Requirement
Side

1
0.8160
inside

2
0.2279
inside

5.0134 cm2 in Case.3


3
5.0134
inside

from above calculation.

4
4.4269 (cm2)
inside

8) Summary of required reinforcement


Required reinforcement for design is the maximum required reinforcement calculated above in 1) - 4).
Item
Point
Side
Calculation
Requirement

Side wall Side wall Top slab Invert


bottom
top
end
end
outside outside outside outside
1)
2)
3)
4)
3.978
3.471
3.715
4.502

Side wall Top slab


middle
middle
inside
inside
5)
6)
0.000
4.227

35/ 41

Invert
middle
inside
7)
5.013 (cm2)

(4)168023748.xls.ms_office, R-bar req

6 Bar Arrangement and Calculation of Stress

Bending moment
M
Shearing force (joint)
S
Shearing force (2d)
S2d
Axial force
N
Height of member
h
Covering depth
d'
Effective height
d
Effective width
b
Effective area
bd
Young's modulus ratio n
Required R-bar

Asreq

kgfcm
kgf
kgf
kgf
cm
cm
cm
cm
cm2
-

3.98

cm2

R-bar arrangement
Reinforcement
Perimeter of R-bar
M/N
Dist. from neutral axis

bottom
outside
259,015
7,576
5,618
5,506
20
6
14
100
1400
24

16@250
As
U
e
c
a'
b'

cm2

cm
cm

c'

x
(check)
Compressive stress
Allowable stress

sc kgf/cm2
sca kgf/cm2

Tensile stress
Allowable stress

ss
ssa

kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2

Shearing stress at joint


Allowable stress

t
ta

kgf/cm2
kgf/cm2

Shearing stress at 2d
Allowable stress

t2d kgf/cm2
t2da kgf/cm2

Resisting Moment
Mr for compression
x for Mrc
ss for Mrc
Mr for tensile
x for Mrs
sc for Mrs

Mr
Mrc

Mrs

kgfcm
kgfcm
cm
kgf/cm2
kgfcm
cm
kgf/cm2

Distribution bar (>As/6 and >Asmin)


Reinforcement
As
cm2
Reinforcement bar for fillet
Reinforcement
As

cm2

Type: B2.00m x H2.50m


Side wall
Top slab
middle
top
end
middle
inside
outside
outside
inside
140,650
208,741
97,193
139,465
0
4,773
4,306
0
4,170
3,210
4,951
4,306
1,190
1,190
20
20
20
20
6
6
6
6
14
14
14
14
100
100
100
100
1400
1400
1400
1400
24
24
24
24
0.00
12@250

Invert
end
middle
outside
inside
128,171
174,486
5,506
0
4,105
1,388
1,388
20
20
6
6
14
14
100
100
1400
1400
24
24

3.47

3.71

4.23

4.50

5.01

16@250

16@250

16@250

16@250

12@125

8.04
4.52
8.04
8.04
8.04
8.04
9.05
20.11
15.08
20.11
20.11
20.11
20.11
30.16
47.039
28.410
48.472
81.656
117.172
92.327
125.689
4.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
111.1
55.2
115.4
215.0
321.5
247.0
347.1
590.9
210.9
607.5
991.7
1402.9
1115.2
1690.1
-8272.7
-2953.3
-8505.1 -13883.7 -19640.3 -15613.3 -23661.5
10.16
17.62
10.19
9.38
8.92
9.69
9.27
######## ######## ######## ######## ######## ######## ########
check
check
check
check
check
check
check
12.7
60.0
ok
115.0
1400.0
ok
5.41
11.00
ok
4.01
5.50
ok

5.5
60.0
ok
0.0
1400.0
ok
0.00
11.00
ok
-

9.9
60.0
ok
88.6
1400.0
ok
3.41
11.00
ok
2.98
5.50
ok

3.2
60.0
ok
37.6
1400.0
ok
3.08
11.00
ok
2.29
5.50
ok

3.5
60.0
ok
48.4
1400.0
ok
0.00
11.00
ok
-

3.5
60.0
ok
37.2
1400.0
ok
3.93
11.00
ok
2.93
5.50
ok

3.9
60.0
ok
48.3
1400.0
ok
0.00
11.00
ok
-

206,044
206,044
6.408
1706.1
372,070
8.970
104.0

173,378
173,378
5.258
2394.3
204,735
7.358
64.6

205,852
205,852
6.238
1791.9
334,555
8.643
94.1

205,817
205,817
5.820
2023.7
251,307
7.729
71.9

205,817
205,817
5.820
2023.7
251,307
7.729
71.9

205,798
205,798
5.846
2008.6
256,073
7.791
73.2

213,308
213,308
6.096
1867.3
297,721
8.215
82.8

12@250 12@250 12@250 12@250 12@250 12@250 12@250


4.52
4.52
4.52
4.52
4.52
4.52
4.52
ok
ok
ok
ok
ok
ok
ok
12@250
12@250
4.52
4.52

Minimum requirement of reinforcement bar

As min =

36/41

4.5 cm2

(5)168023748.xls.ms_officeR-bar stress

DATA PLOT PEMBESIAN

h1

h2
Ha

h3
b1

b1

b2
Bb

Section of Culvert

1. Design Data
b1 =
0.200
h1 =
0.200
Bb =
2.400

m
m
m

2. Data Pembesian
Bottom slab :
As1 (cm2)
:
2
As2 (cm )
:

Tumpuan
O 16 @ 250
O 12 @ 125

Lapangan
O 12 @ 125
O 16 @ 250

Tulangan bagi :
O 12 @ 250

b2 =
h2 =
Ha =

2.000
2.500
2.900

m
m
m

h3 =
Fillet =

0.200
m
0.20 m

0.06 m

Side wall :
As1 (cm2)
As2 (cm2)

:
:

Tumpuan
O 16 @ 250
O 12 @ 250

Lapangan
O 12 @ 250
O 16 @ 250

Tulangan bagi :
O 12 @ 250

Top slab :
As1 (cm2)
As2 (cm2)

:
:

Tumpuan
O 16 @ 250
O 16 @ 250

Lapangan
O 16 @ 250
O 16 @ 250

Tulangan bagi :
O 12 @ 250

3. Tulangan Miring (fillet) :


Bottom slab :
O 12 @ 250
Top slab
:
O 12 @ 250
4. Nama Bangunan
Lokasi

:
:

Culvert Type 1 (2 m x 2 m)
. Irrigation Project

DATA PLOT MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM

h1

h2
Ha

h3

b1

b1

b2
Bb

Section of Culvert

1. Design Data
b1 =
0.200
h1 =
0.200
Bb =
2.200

m
m
m

b2 =
h2 =
Ha =

2.000
2.500
2.700

m
m
m

h3 =

0.200

2. Result Calculation
Side wall (left)
Case 1
Case 2

Ma
-2.331
-1.282

Mmax
1.407
-0.249

Mb
-1.828
-0.972

Sa
6.531
1.388

Sb
-3.729
-1.190

Na
5.503
5.503

Nb
4.303
4.303

Side wall (right)


Case 1
Case 2

Mc
-1.828
-0.972

Mmax
1.407
-0.249

Md
-2.331
-1.282

Sd
-6.531
-1.388

Sc
3.729
1.190

Nd
5.503
5.503

Nc
4.303
4.303

Top slab
Case 1
Case 2

Mb
-1.828
-0.972

Mmax
0.539
1.395

Mc
-1.828
-0.972

Sb
4.303
4.303

Sc
-4.303
-4.303

Nb
3.729
1.190

Nc
3.729
1.190

Bottom slab
Case 1
Case 2

Ma
-2.331
-1.282

Mmax
0.696
1.745

Md
-2.331
-1.282

Sa
-5.503
-5.503

Sd
5.503
5.503

Na
6.531
1.388

Nd
6.531
1.388

3. Nama Bangunan
Lokasi
Case 1
Mmax
Mab =
Mcd =

x
1.242
1.458

:
:

Culvert Type 1 (2 m x 2 m)
. Irrigation Project

x1
-0.48
-0.48

x2
0.70
0.70

x3
1.30
1.30

x4
1.38
1.38

x5
1.04
1.04

x6
0.34
0.34

x7
-0.64
-0.64

Mmax
Mbc =
Mad =

1.1
1.1

y1
-0.79
-1.01

y2
-0.05
-0.06

y3
0.39
0.51

y4
0.54
0.70

y5
0.39
0.51

y6
-0.05
-0.06

y7
-0.79
-1.01

Ha =

2.700

0.338

0.675

1.013

1.350

1.688

2.025

2.363

Bb =

2.200

0.275

0.550

0.825

1.100

0.825

0.550

0.275

Sab

x
2.700

x1
4.45

x2
2.60

x3
0.98

x4
-0.42

x5
-1.59

x6
-2.53

x7
-3.24

x
1.242
1.458
1.1
1.1

x1
-0.87
-0.87
y1
0.06
0.04

x2
-0.56
-0.56
y2
0.80
0.99

x3
-0.35
-0.35
y3
1.25
1.56

x4
-0.26
-0.26
y4
1.39
1.74

x5
-0.27
-0.27
y5
1.25
1.56

x6
-0.39
-0.39
y6
0.80
0.99

x7
-0.63
-0.63
y7
0.06
0.04

Ha =

2.700

0.338

0.675

1.013

1.350

1.688

2.025

2.363

Bb =

2.200

0.275

0.550

0.825

1.100

0.825

0.550

0.275

Sab

x
2.700

x1
1.08

x2
0.76

x3
0.44

x4
0.12

x5
-0.20

x6
-0.53

x7
-0.86

Case 2
Mmax
Mab =
Mcd =
Mmax
Mbc =
Mad =

MAB
-2.331
-1.282

MBA
1.828
0.972

MCD
-1.828
-0.972

MDC
2.331
1.282

MBC
-1.828
-0.972

MCB
1.828
0.972

MAD
2.331
1.282

MDA
-2.331
-1.282

q1
6.500
1.100

q2
1.100
6.500

q1
3.912
5.003

q1
0.920
0.990
q1
3.912
5.003

q2
0.990
0.920

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