Multiwavelength studies of AGN: HyLIRG and red quasars

ngel Ruiz - IUCAA

Talk layout
Red quasars in the 2XMMi/SDSS cross-correlation

Sample selection Optical analysis X-ray analysis Conclusions Sample selection Comparison with WISE data IR SED modelling Conclusions

Hyperluminous infrared galaxies in the IIFSCz

Red quasars in the 2XMi/SDSSdr7 cross-correlation

A. Ruiz, R. della Ceca, F. Carrera, A. Caccianiga, P. Severgnini, S. Mateos

Red quasars - Introduction

BBB responsible of blue colours in
quasars (U-B<-0.44) first red quasars: SDSS

Non-optical surveys discovered

Webster+95.

2MASS 25-60%
Big Blue Bump

(Glickman+07) (Richards+03)

~20%

Dust reddened sources -> early

phase of AGN evolution, SMBH is still enshrouded in dust and gas clouds (Hopkins+04; Georgakakis+09;
Banerji+12; Glikman+12)

Average QSO SED Richards+06

Red quasars - Introduction

Some evidence of intrinsically red
quasars (Risaliti+03, Hall+06, Young+08)

Combined X-ray/optical data allow

constraining the amount of dust.

Young+08: sample of 17 SDSS-dr3 red

quasars observed with XMM-Newton 40% intrinsically red. red SDSS-dr7, we can extent this studies with a significantly larger sample of red quasars. quasars

Nowadays, thanks to 2XMMi and

Average QSO SED Richards+06

Red quasars Sample selection

2,344 quasars (797 FLIX)
Pineau+11

SDSS-dr7 quasar catalogue 105,783 sources

(Schneider+10)

& FLIX upper-limits

2XMMi catalogue 221,012 sources

(Watson+09)

0.5 < z < 2.5 (g i) 0.35

(Richards+03)

145 red quasars

Red quasars Relative colours

<(g i)>z
gi

Relative colour definition:

(m1 m2) = (m1 m2) <(m1 m2)>z

Avoid biases toward strong emission lines at

certain redshifts.

Red quasars Data analysis

Check for the presence of dust in our sources Optical analysis:

SDSS spectral fitting Continuum shape (photometry) XMM-Newton spectral fitting Hardness ratio X-ray-to-optical flux ratio

X-ray analysis

Red quasars SDSS spectra

Reddening fit: E(B-V)
Average spectra of SDSS quasar (Vanden Berk+01) SMC extinction curve (Gordon+03)

Power-law: F

opt

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Red quasars SDSS spectra

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Red quasars SDSS spectra

Mild reddening
Strong reddening

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Red quasars Continuum shape

u-band photometry outside spectral
range and more affected by dust. continuum shape

Use relative colors to estimate the

Average SDSS quasar Obscured PL Power-law spectra at z = 1.5 E(B-V) = 0.1 opt = -1

Normal blue quasar: (u-r) ~ (g-i) ~ (r-z) ~ 0

Dust continuum: (u-r) > (g-i) Red PL continuum: (u-r) < (g-i)
Power-law: opt = 0.44

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Red quasars Continuum shape

Dusty continuum (104
sources) sources :

E(B-V) > 0.15, or (u-r) - (g-i) > 0

dust red PL

Red PL continuum
sources) sources :

(17

E(B-V) < 0.15, and (u-r) - (g-i) < 0

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Red quasars XMM spectra

79 out of 145 sources detected in the
2XMMi.

Two X-ray models:

phabs * powerlaw phabs * zphabs * powerlaw

Only 6 sources with detected absorption, NH

upper-limits for the rest.

X-ray absorption criteria:

NH (or upper-limit) > 1022 cm-2 < 1.6

Xra y

ab so rb ed

52 with high SNR X-ray spectra for fitting.

X-ray unabsorbed

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Red quasars Hardness ratio

27 detected in X-rays but low SNR
+ 16 with inconclusive X-ray spectra.

z=0.5 Absorbed z=1.0 X-ray spectra Unabsorbed X-ray spectra z=1.5 Inconclusive spectra z=2.0 Low SNR spectra z=2.5

Hardness ratios: HRn = (CRn+1 CRn) / (CRn+1 + CRn),

n = 1 (0.2-0.5 keV), 2 (0.5-1 keV), 3 (1-2 keV), 4 (2-4.5 keV), 5 (4.5-12 keV)

HR2 most sensitive for NH ~ 1022 X-ray absorption criterion:

HR2 > 0.1

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Red quasars X/O spectral index

66 sources with only flux upperlimit + 12 with inconclusive spectra or HR. some information about X-ray absorption.

X-ray-to-optical flux ratio offers

X-ray-to-optical spectral index:

ox = 0.384 * log F(2keV) / F(2500) ox < -1.8

X-ray absorption criterion:

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Red quasars Summary

Dusty reddened quasars:

Dust in optical (104) or X-ray absorbed(52): 121 sources Optical red PL (17) and low X-ray absorption (90): 10 sources

Intrinsically red quasars:

Unclassified: 14 sources <10% quasars are intrinsically red. Similar BH mass distribution for intrinsically red and dusty
objects.

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Hyperluminous infrared galaxies in the IIFSCz

A. Ruiz & F. Carrera

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HyLIRG Introduction
Luminous IR galaxies discovered by IRAS (Lbol dominated by IR emission):

LIRG: ULIRG:

LIR > 1011 L LIR > 1012 L

HyLIRG: LIR > 1013 L

Trend with LIR of AGN content and AGN relative contribution.

(Veilleux+02; Farrah+06)

Local ULIRG: gas-rich mergers with on-going major star formation

episodes and heavily dust-enshrouded AGN
(Draper+12; Niemi+12; Rodighiero+11; Farrah+02) (Lonsdale+06)

This picture does not work well on high-z ULIRG or HyLIRG.

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HyLIRG Introduction
HyLIRG are composite sources: AGN and SB are both needed to explain their IR
luminosities (Rowan-Robinson+00; Farrah+02; Verma+02; Ruiz+07; Ruiz+10; Ruiz+13)

Divided in two classes

(Farrah+02;Ruiz+10)

Broad IR bump, heavily obscured and large covering factors, in interacting systems: highluminosity tail of local ULIRG population. Roughly flat SED, with low obscuration and covering factors, in isolated systems: young galaxies during maximal star formation phase? The Imperial IRAS Faint Source Catalogue (IFSCz; Wang+09, Rowan-Robinson+10) increase the number of known HyLIRG by a factor ~4 AND is unbiased toward AGN. Evidence in the IIFSCz of a large population of HyLIRG with no AGN contribution (RowanRobinson+10). Faint WISE sources barely detected at 3.4 and 4.6 but detected at 12 or 22 (Eisenhardt+12) Heavily obscured high-z HyLIRG (peak at z~2-3), with IR emission dominated by hot dust heated by intense AGN activity (Bridge+12; Wu+12; Eisenhardt+12)

Larger sample to test these hypothesis:

Comparison of low-z HyLIRG with w1w2-dropouts:

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HyLIRG Sample selection

IIFSCz: 60303 galaxies selected at 60
m from the IRAS Faint Source catalogue:

Accurate positions, optical and NIR identifications. Predicted LIR through SED modelling. ~55% spectroscopic redshifts, ~20% photometric redshifts.

HyLIRGs in the IIFSCz: 179 sources

with LIR > 1013 L. 58 with spectroscopic z. Rest with photometric z. catalogue: 105 sources.

Cross-match of this sample with WISE

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HyLIRG IIFSCz vs. WISE

Comparison between predicted fluxes by
the SED models of the IIFSCz actual WISE measurements
(Wang+09) and

SED model

(Rowan-Robinson+08):

Optical SED: 9 independent templates (1 Elliptical, 4 Spirals, 1 SB, 3 QSO)

IR SED: AGN + SB templates

AGN: dusty torus SB: M82, Arp220

Large discrepancies in the MIR.

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HyLIRG IRAS vs. WISE

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HyLIRG Our modelling

Fit of optical (<2.2m) and IR SED (>12m)

M82, Arp220 templates from SWIRE library (Polleta+07)

Model as in IIFSCz:

Significantly better predictions in

the MIR.

Large population of SB-dominated

HyLIRG with over-predicted MIR fluxes.

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HyLIRG AGN contribution

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HyLIRG WISE colours

AGN wedge AGN wedge
(Mateos+12) (Mateos+12)

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HyLIRG w1w2-dropouts

w1w2-dropouts selection criteria

(Eisenhardt+12):

f3.4 < 0.034 mJy and

f12 > 1.7 mJy, mJy and f12 / f4.6 > 1.38

f22 > 6.9 mJy, mJy and f22 / f4.6 > 1.97

OR

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HyLIRG Summary
Large population of HyLIRG with NO AGN
contribution!

Low-z HyLIRG and w1w2-dropouts show

quite different properties in the MIR.