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Technical Manual

Power Limit & Monitor Board P/N: C09G0000

RIG/PLANT

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TOTAL PGS This document contains proprietary and confidential information which belongs to National Oilwell; it is loaned for limited purposes only and remains the property of National Oilwell. Reproduction, in whole or in part; or use of this design or distribution of this information to others is not permitted without the express written consent of National Oilwell. This document is to be returned to National Oilwell upon request and in any event upon completion of the use for which it was loaned. National Oilwell DOCUMENT NUMBER

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National-Oilwell L.P. 1530 W. Sam Houston Pkwy. N Houston, Texas 77043 USA Phone +1 713 935 8000 Fax +1 713 935 8382
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REVISION HISTORY

B
Rev

06.05.2005
Date (dd.mm.yyyy)

Updated to New Template


Reason for issue

BKF
Prepared Checked Approved

CHANGE DESCRIPTION
Revision A B Change Description Initial Release Update to new template.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 2 DESCRIPTION.................................................................................................................. 4 FEATURES....................................................................................................................... 4 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 Inputs: See DWG # C09501B0 and C09401B0 ..................................................... 5 Outputs ................................................................................................................... 6 Programming of Power Limiting.............................................................................. 7 Calibration of P1 (Rated KW) and P2 (Rated KVA) ................................................ 8 Functional Description ............................................................................................ 9 Power Factor ........................................................................................................ 10 Block Diagram: See Dwg. # C09501B0 ............................................................... 11 Interconnection: See Dwg. # C09401B0.............................................................. 11

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DESCRIPTION The Power Limit & Monitor Bd. Is a quick-disconnect rugged module that provides KW, KVA or KW/KVA Power Limit and monitoring for Engine/Generator/SCR systems. The KW power limit guarantees that all engines are sharing the load and the KVA power limit, that the generators parallel correctly. This module can work in conjunction with the Bus Overload Limit & Monitor Board, P/N: B10G0000, for power limiting the SCR converters.

FEATURES The following is a list of the functions of the module: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Adjustment Pot. for rated KW. Adjustment Pot. for rated KVA. KW Power Limit Output. KVA Power Limit Output. KW/KVA Power Limit Output. KWs metering output. KVAR;s metering output. Current meter output. Power Factor metering output. Percent Power Available metering output. Relay contact for KW, KVA or KW/KVA Over Limit. Stand-Alone power supply.

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2.1

Inputs: See DWG # C09501B0 and C09401B0 TB1 1, 2 TB1 3, 8 TB1 4 TB1 5 TB1 6 TB1 7 TB1 9 AC Input. 120 vac. Common +15 vdc. -15 vdc. Vcb. 120 vac. for full generator voltage. Vab. 120 vac. for full generator voltage. Ia. The voltage at t his terminal is given by the ratio of the CT utilized on phase C times 0.5. Where 0.5 is a burden resistor connected between the terminal and common. i.e. If a 1000 : 5 CT is used, then the voltage at the terminal will be: 5 X 0.5 = 2.5 vac. TB1 10 TB2 11 TB2 12 Ic. See explanation for terminal TB1-9. Rated KW Input from P1. See Dwg. # C09501B0. Rated KVA Input from P2. See Dwg. # C09501B0.

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2.2

Outputs TB1 12 KW meter output. +5 vdc full scale, assuming that the CTs used have a 5 Amps. Induced current at full load and also that the potential transformers have a secondary voltage of 120 vac at full generator voltage. KW output. 0 to +10 vdc. With the assumptions described for TB1-12 KVAR output. -10 vdc to +10 vdc. With the same assumptions described for TB1-12. KVAR meter output. -5.0 vdc. to +5.0 vdc full scale. Negative voltage for lagging and positive voltages for leading. With the same assumptions described for TB1-12. Current meter output. This output gives an output of +5 vdc for full amperage on the selected phase current in the Current Switch, See Dwg. # C09501B0. This is assuming that the CTs utilized provide 5 Amps. of induced current when the AC Generator is delivering maximum power.

TB1 13 TB1 14

TB1 15

TB1 16

TB1 18 TB1 19 TB1 20 TB2 1

Over limit Relay Contact. This is a form C contact, where: #18 = common, #19 = N.C. and # 20 = N.O. See Dwg. # C09501B0.

Percent of Power Available Meter. This output must be connected to TB2-1 of all other Power Limit & Monitor Boards in the system that is online, one per AC generator. See Dwg. # C09401B0. This output will be +5 vdc if the power available is 100% and it will decrease proportionally to the power available in the system. KVA power limit. This signal is active only after the AC generator is over its 100 % rating set by P2. The output will change by a ratio of +2 vdc for every 10% of overload, +2 vdc for 110% KVAs. This signal can be used for power limiting the SCR converters and so protecting the AC generator from over loading by KVAs. Current Output. This output gives an out put of +10 vdc for full amperage on the selected phase current in the Current Switch. This is assuming that the CTs utilized provide 5 Amps. of induced current when the AC generator is delivering maximum power.

TB2 2

TB2 5

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TB2 7

Rated KVA Output. This output will be +5 vdc for full rating of AC generator. The KVA AC generator rating must be previously set with P2. See the Calibration section. Rated KW Output. This output will be +15 vdc for full rating of AC generator. The KW AC generator rating must be previously set with P1. See the Calibration section. KW power limit. This signal is active only after the AC generator is over its 100 % rating set by P1. The output will change by a ratio of +2 vdc for every 10% of overload, +2 vdc for 110% KWs. This signal can be used for power limiting the SCR converters and so protecting the diesel engines from overloading by KWs. Power Factor Meter Output. This signal swings from -5 vdc to +5 vdc full scale, for a power factor of .5 lagging to .5 leading. This signal is nonlinear and follows a cosine function. The negative sign is for lagging power factor and the positive for leading. The output voltage relates to the power factor as follows: Power Factor = Cosine VOLTAGE AT TB2-13 5 X 60

TB2 9

TB2 12

TB2 13

* Cosine Argument is in degrees.

2.3

Programming of Power Limiting The Power Limit & Monitor Module has the flexibility of power limiting by KWs, KVAs or by both, which in the last case, whichever gets greater than the maximum set by P1 and P2, it will command the power limiting. KW Power Limiting Output terminal: TB2-12. Jumper: Between TB2-4 and TB2-8. In this case the Over Limit Relay will detect KWs limit only.

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KVA Power Limiting Output terminal: TB2-2. Jumper: Between TB2-3 and TB2-6. In this case the Over Limit Relay will detect KVAs limit only. KW and KVA Power Limiting Output terminals: TB2-2 or TB2-12. Jumpers: Between TB2-2 and TB2-12, TB2-3 and TB2-6, and also between TB2-4 and TB2-8. In this case the Over Limit Relay will detect KVAs and KWs limit. 2.4 Calibration of P1 (Rated KW) and P2 (Rated KVA) Define the following parameters: KWN = Rated KW of engine. VN = Nominal Voltage. CTR = Current Xformer primary rating. KVAN = Rated KVA of Genrator. P1: Rated KW Setting. The setting of P1 will be calculated based on the parameters specified above. The value will be in Kohms. To set P1, it will be necessary to disconnect the cable from the module at TB2-11, and then adjust P1 to the calculated ohmic value. P1 (Kohms) = 25 X A 5A A = 5 X KWN X 1000 1.73 X Vin X CTR _ 10 = Kohm

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P2:

Rated KVA Setting. The setting of P2 will be calculated based on the parameters specified above. The value will be in Kohms. To set P2, it will be necessary to disconnect the cable form the module at TB2-10, and then adjust P2 to the calculated ohmic value. B = 2.2 X KVAN X 1000 1.73 X VN X CTR P2 (Kohms) = 25 X B _ 5 = KOHM 5B

2.5

Functional Description NOTE: One of this modules should be utilized per engine/generator set to provide power limiting to the SCR converters. For electrical interconnections refer to Dwgs. # C09501B0 and C09401B0. The Power Limit & Monitor module continuously calculates the kilo-watts delivered by the AC generator to th e load and when programmed it can power limit the SCR converters to prevent overloading of the diesel engines. The kilo-watts is the real force that produces work and when the load demands more than the capacity of the diesel engines, which are the suppliers of this power, they can be overloaded and if this happens their speed will start decreasing which will force the generators control to open the main circuit breaker by under-voltage or under-frequency. This in turn, can cause the other engine/generator sets to get overloaded, and as a result having a complete blackout. KVARs The Power Limit & Monitor module provides and putput of the Kilo-voltampere-reactive for metering. The kvars is a component of power supplied by the AC generator that does not produce actual work and produces low power factor. KVARs increases with bigger inductive or capacitive loads on the AC generator.

KWs

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KVAs

The Power Limit & Monitor module also continuously calculates the kilovolt-amperes delivered by the AC generator to the load and when programmed it can power limit the SCR converters from overloading the AC generator. The kilo-volt-amperes is the total power delivered by the AC generator to the load and this includes the KWs and KVARs. AC generators are rated in Kilo-volt-amperes rather than in kilo-watts, because their losses and heating are very nearly determined by voltage and current regardless of power factor. In an AC generator, if the load requires more kilo-volt-amperes than the maximum capacity of the AC generator, it will get overloaded and its voltage will start decreasing, which in turn can cause the main circuit breaker to open by undervoltage, and like with the KWs overloading, start a complete blackout.

2.6

Power Factor The Power Limit & Monitor module continuously calculates the power factor for metering purposes. Power Factor is a measure of the phase shift between the voltage generated by an AC generator and the current it delivers. Inductive loads, like motors, produce a lag current with respect to the voltage. And capacitive loads, like over-excited AC generators, produces a lead current with respect to the voltage. A purely resistive load or a load with equal inductive and capacitive components does not produce lag or lead of the current with respect to the voltage.

Power Factor = Cosine

Phase Shift, in degrees, between the voltage and current.

A lag current produces a positive argument for the Cosine function and a lead current a negative. The supplied power factor in SCR converters is low when the output voltage is less than the maximum that is when the firing angle large. AS the firing angle increases, the displacement angle between voltage and current increases and the converter draws more lagging reactive power, thereby decreasing the power factor. Low power factor means more current and greater copper losses in the AC generator and it produces poor voltage regulation as well.

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2.7 2.8

Block Diagram: See Dwg. # C09501B0 Interconnection: See Dwg. # C09401B0

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