L.1 AIR PRESSURE Ex.1 Choose the correct option:1. What is the layer of air surrounding the earth?

A. Weather B. Climate C. Environment D. Atmosphere

2. Up to how many kilometers high from the surface of the earth is atmosphere spread? A. 80 B. 100 C. 180 D. 800

3. How many newton weight of air act on one sq cm of our body part? A. 80 B. 40 C. 30 D. 9.8

4. Which instrument is used to measure air pressure? A. Thermometer B.Thermograph C. Barometer D. Voltameter

5. What change occurs in the air pressure as we go higher from the surface of the earth? A. Pressure increases C. Pressure remains constant Ex.2 Answer in one sentence:Q.1 What is atmosphere? A.1 The layer of air that exists up to 800km from the earths surface is called atmosphere. Q.2 What is the pressure of air at the sea level? A.1 The pressure of air at the sea level is 9.8 N per sq cm. Q.3 What is the use of barometer? A.3 Barometer is used to measure air pressure. B. Pressure decreases D. Cannot be said definitely

Q.4 How is the air pressure in the inflated balloon as compared to the atmospheric pressure? A.4 Air pressure in the inflated balloon is more as compared to the atmospheric pressure. Q.5 State a unit to measure atmospheric pressure? A.5 Unit to measure atmospheric pressure is Bar. Ex.3 Answer in short:Q.1 A rubber sucker is released after pressing it on a smooth glass. It sticks to the glass. What is the reason for this? A.1 A rubber sucker is released after pressing it on a smooth glass. It sticks to the glass because when the rubber is pressed the air comes out so the pressure inside the rubber sucker decreases while the outer air pressure is more. Q.2 Why does the bicycle tube burst if excess of air is filled in it? A.2 When excess of air is filled in the bicycle tube the pressure of air inside the tube increases as compared to the atmospheric pressure. So the wall of the tube cannot stand with the pressure. As a result the tube burst and the air moves out. Q.3 What is the work of a valve tube in the bicycle tube? A.3 Valve is a part of a rubber tube inside the bicycle. 1. The valve prevents the leakage of air while filling it in the tube. 2. When air is filled in the cycle tube the pressurized air lifts the rubber tube fixed on the valve and enters the cycle tube. 3. Thus valve tube help in filling the air and prevents its leakage. Q.4 Where do you use air pressure in your day- to - day life? Give four examples.

A.4 We use air pressure in the following activities:1. To drink cold drinks with the help of a straw. 2. To fill air in the bicycle tube with the help of a cycle pump. 3. To fill ink in the pen with the help of an ink filler. 4. Inflating balloons. 5. Flushing toilets. 6. Cleaning through vaccum cleaner. 7. Watering lawns with sprinklers. Q.5 Close the front part of the syringe without a needle. Push the knob with the thumb. What do you experience? Give reason. A.5 When we push the syringe knob and release it the knob is pushed back. Now, again press the knob you cannot press the fully because when you press the knob the air inside the syringe is compressed and when you press the knob further the air pressure increases brastically. This highly compressed air of the syringe exerts pressure on the knob so it does not allow the knob to be pressed completely. Q.6 Give four names of devices working on air pressure? A.6 Names of devices working on air pressure are:1. Air pressure is used in inflating tyres. 2. Drinking through straw. 3. Inflating balloons. 4. Flushing toilets. 5. Watering lawns through sprinklers. 6. Cleaning through vaccum cleaners.

Ex.4 Give Reasons:1. We are not crushed though there is great pressure of air in our surroundings because the atmosphere exerts pressure of 9.8N per sq cm on our body. Moreover there is air in our body also. The pressure of air in the surroundings and air inside the body is balanced. Hence we are not crushed. 2. We can drink cold drink from the bottle using a straw because on sucking the air from the straw air pressure inside the straw decreases. Outside air pressure acts in the cold drink inside the bottle. This pressure is more so the cold drink moves up in the straw. Hence we can drink cold drink from the bottle using a straw. Ex.5 Describe an experiment to prove that air exerts pressure from all directions:Aim:- To prove that air exerts pressure from all the directions. Apparatus and Materials:- A thin sheet metal tin with lid, stove and water. Method:- 1. Take a thin sheet metal tin. 2.Fill it one forth with water. 3. Heat the tin on the stove keeping its lid open. 4. When the steam starts coming out of the tin take the tin down and close it with lid. 5. Keep it for sometime and pour cold water on it. 6. Observe the tin. Observation:- The tin gets crushed. Conclusion:- Air exerts pressure from all directions. L.2 FLOWER AND FRUIT

Ex.1 Choose the correct option:1. Which is a reproductive organ of a flower? A. Leaf B. Stem C. Root D. Flower

2. Which is a structure on which flower remains arranged called? A. Stigma B. Receptacle C. Androecium D. Gynoecium

3. Who protects the flower during its budding stage? A. Corolla B. Calyx C. Androecium D. Gynoecium

4. Wherein are pollen grains produced? A. Pollen tube B. Anther C. Style D. Stigma

5. What is the cushion-like part on the top of the carpel called? A. Receptacle B. Stigma C. Style D. Ovary

6. What is the basal swollen portion of the carpel called? A. Stigma B. Style C. Ovary D. Ovule

7. To what does stigma belong? A. Stamen B. Carpel C. Anther D. Pollen tube

8. Which of the following is a fleshy fruit? A. Kidney bean B. Ladys Finger C. Tomato D. Pea

9. Which of the following is a dry fruit? A. Mango 10. B. Coconut C. Cotton D. Jamun

Which of the following is a caryopsis? B. Ladys Finger C. Cowpea(Chola) D. Maize

A. Cotton

Ex.2 Answer in one sentence:Q.1 Which is the most beautiful organ of the plant? A.1 Flower is the most beautiful organ of the plant. Q.2 What is the stalk like part of the flower called? A.2 The stalk like part of the flower is called peduncle. Q.3 Which is the male reproductive organ of the flower? A.3 The male reproductive organ of the flower is androecium. Q.4 Which part of the flower is formed of fragrant petals? A.4 Corolla is formed of fragrant petals. Q.5 Which is the female reproductive organ of the flower? A.5 Gynoecium is the female reproductive organ of the flower. Q.6 On which region of carpel are pollen grains of anther taken in the process of pollination? A.6 On stigma region of carpel pollen grains of anther are taken in during the process of pollination.

Q.7 Which insects are helpful in pollination? A.7 Butterfly, bee, honeybee are helpful in pollination. Q.8 Which are the carriers of pollen grains? A.8 Wind, water, insects, birds and bats are the carriers of pollen grains. Q.9 What is formed by the development of ovule after the fertilization in flower? A.9 Seed is formed by the development of ovule after the fertilization in flower.

Q.10 What is formed by the development of ovary after the fertilization in flower? A.10 Fruit is formed by the development of ovary after the fertilization in flower. Ex.3 Tell me who am I:1. I am the most beautiful organ of the flower. Flower 2. Flowers are arranged on me. Receptacle 3. I protect the flower in bud condition. Calyx 4. I am the colourful part of the flower and also full of fragrance. Corolla 5. I am the most beautiful and attractive part of the flower. Corolla 6. I am a male sex cell of the flower. Pollen grains Ex.4 Define:1. Pollination- Migration of pollen grains from stamen to stigma of a carpel is called pollination. 2. Self- Pollination- Pollination taking place within the flower of the same plant is called self pollination. 3. Cross-Pollination- Pollination taking place within the flower of two different plants of the same species is called cross pollination. 4. Fertilization- Male gamete travelling within the pollen tube binds with the egg cell of ovary. This process is called fertilization.

Ex.5 Answer in short:Q.1 State the name of parts of flower?

A.1 The name of parts of flower are peduncle, receptacle, calyx, corolla, gynoecium and androecium. Q.2 State the functions of calyx and corolla. A.2 The functions of calyx and corolla are corolla attracts insects for pollination and calyx protects the flower during its budding stage. Q.3 Name the parts of stamen and carpel. A.3 Parts of stamen are filament and anther. Parts of carpel are stigma, style and ovary. Q.4 Explain pollination occurring by insects. A.4 Insects like butterfly, bee and honeybee are attracted by the colourful and fragrant petals of the flower and pollen grains stick to their body. When these insects move within flowers or between plants pollination occurs. Q.5 Explain two types of fruits giving examples. A.5 There are two types of fruits: 1. Fleshy fruit 2. Dry fruit

1. Fleshy Fruits:- Wall of ovary becomes fleshy and bulky in some fruits. These types of fruits are called fleshy fruits. Eg. Mango, lemon, tomato etc. 2. Dry Fruits:- Walls of ovary becomes dry in some fruits at their maturity. These types of fruits are known as dry fruits. Eg. Field bean, pea, pegion pea etc Ex.6 Give Reasons:1. Some flowers are coloured and have fragrance- to attract insects for pollination. 2. The pollen grains are very light in weight and produced in a large number in the flowers of wheat and maize because many pollen grains are wasted.

Ex.7 Give difference:1. Calyx and Corolla Calyx 1. Small green leaf life structure in the outermost part of the flower is sepals. Sepals together form calyx. 2. Calyx protects the during its budding stage. Corolla 1. Colourful, most attractive part with fragrance in a flower is corolla. Petals together form corolla. 2.Corolla attracts insects for pollination.

2.Androecium and Gynoecium Androecium 1. All the stamens together are called androecium. Gynoecium 1.All the carpels together are called gynoecium. 2.It is the female reproductive organ of the flower.

2. It is the male reproductive organ of the flower.

Ex.8 Classify into dry fruits and fleshy fruits:{Groundnut, mango, brinjal, gram, tomato, kidney bean, jamun, pea, ladys finger, grapes, cucumber, bitter gourd, cotton, maize, lemon} Fleshy Fruits Dry Fruits

Mango, brinjal, tomato, jamun, grapes, cucumber, lemon.

Groundnut, gram, kidney bean, pea, ladys finger, bitter gourd, cotton, maize Ex.9 Explain the process of fertilization in flowers with the figure:Pollen grains reach stigma due to pollination. Pollen grains develop pollen tube which reaches the ovary. Male gamete travelling within the pollen tube binds with the egg cell of ovary. This process is called fertilization. After fertilization egg cell converts into an embryo, ovules convert into seed and ovary converts into fruit. L.3 MODERN AGRICULTURE Ex.1 Choose the correct option:1. What is the use of harvester? A. To plough the land C.To harvest the crop B. To spray insecticide to crop D. To separate cereals and pulses

2. What is necessary to produce plants of good quality in horticulture? A. Net house B. Grafting C. Hybrid seeds D. Hybridization

3. In which method of irrigation is the wastage of water of minimum? A. Furrow irrigation method C. Dhoria irrigation method B. Sprinkler irrigation method D. Drip irrigation method

4. Which is method of growing plants without soil? A. Kitchen garden farming B. Horticulture C. Hydroponics D. Traditional

5. Which of the following is not a method of hydroponic agriculture? A. Water culture method C. Gravel culture method B. Sand culture method D. Horticulture method

Ex.2 Answer in one sentence:Q.1 Which equipment is used to separate seeds from its cob? A.1 Thresher is used to separate seeds from its cob. Q.2 Which instrument is used to spray insecticides? A.2 Sprayer is used to spray insecticides. Q.3 Which modern mechanical equipment is used to harvest crops in large fields? A.3 Harvester is used to harvest crops in large fields. Q.4 Where can kitchen garden be made? A.4 Kitchen garden can be made in a space around the house or school. Q.5 How can be hybrid seeds be produced? A.5 Hybrid seeds can be produced through hybridization buy artificial pollination in plants. Q.6 What type of production can be taken with the help of grafting method? A.6 Maximum production with better quality can be taken with the help of grafting method. Q.7 Which method is more suitable for irrigation in garden? A.7 Sprinkler irrigation is more suitable for irrigation in garden. Ex.3 Define:1. Net house- A net is tied on the sides and also on the top of the farm to protect the plants against heat. This is called net house. 2. Hybrid seeds- Seeds obtained from the plants on which hybridization is done by artificial pollination is called hybrid seeds. Ex.4 Answer in short:-

Q.1 Where is the tractor used in agriculture? A.1 Tractor is one of the most important vehicle as well as tool in agriculture. Various equipments and tools are attached to it to do many tasks like cutting the grass, leveling the ground, spraying insecticides, sowing seeds, harrowing and tilling. Q.2 Why are modern equipments used in agriculture? A.2 Modern equipments are used in agriculture because:1. Due to rising population demand for agricultural products is rising. 2. Higher productivity is demanded in agriculture. 3. Modern equipments saves time and energy so they are used in agriculture. Q.3 Which plants can be grown in kitchen garden? A.3 Plants that can be grown in kitchen garden are goose berry (amla), drum stick tree (saragvo), sweet neem in land surround your house or school. Broad bean, bottle gourd, bitter gourd, amaranthus, spinach, chilly, brinjal, tomatoes etc can be grown. Q.4 Explain the usefulness of net house. A.4 1. Direct extreme heat of the sun can harm or destroy plants. 2. In net house net serves as barrier and hence reduces the intensity of heat that the plants receive from sun. 3. This reduces the temperature and plants grow healthily in moderate temperature. 4. Net house is generally used for germination of seedlings and grow crops like tomato and it also helps to produce fertilizer like wormy compost. Q.5 Horticulture farming plays an important role in the progress and prosperity of farmers. Explain.

A.5 Horticulture farming plays an important role in the progress and prosperity of farmers because:1. It can be practiced on a small piece of land. 2. In modern age it is an important method of doing farming. 3. Farmers can earn profit with limited resources and less time. 4. Farmer can adopt grafting and cutting method to earn more profit in less time. 5. Inter crop of vegetables can be done in gardens of chickoo, mango and coconut. 6. Wastage of water can be prevented by drip irrigation method. 7. It is very useful for prosperity if farmers Q.6 What is the difference between hydroponics and agriculture on land? A.6 Hydroponics 1. It is advanced method of agriculture. Agriculture Method 1.It is traditional method of agriculture. 2.It requires land. 3.More water and fertilizers are needed.

2. It does not require land. 3. It requires less water and fertilizers.

Q.7 Explain gravel culture method in short. A.7 First of all the roof of the building is covered with plastic and a layer of soil (sand) is spread over it. To keep the plants erect, layer of gravel is made over

layer of sand. Plants are grown at a proper distance in the gravel layer. Water having nutrients is spread on these plants. Ex.5 Give reasons:1. Horticulture has great importance in present time because:1. It can be practiced on a small piece of land. 2. In modern age it is an important method of doing farming. 3. Farmers can earn profit with limited resources and less time. 4. Farmer can adopt grafting and cutting method to earn more profit in less time. 5. Inter crop of vegetables can be done in gardens of chickoo, mango and coconut. 6. Wastage of water can be prevented by drip irrigation method. 7. It is very useful for prosperity if farmers. 2. Hybrid seeds should be used in agriculture because:1. Crop production increases. 2. Good varieties of crops can be obtained. 3. Problems of scarcity of food can be solved. Ex.6 Give difference:Traditional agriculture and Hydroponic agriculture Hydroponic agriculture 1. It is advanced method of agriculture. Traditional Agriculture 1.It is traditional method of agriculture.

2. It does not require land. 3. It requires less water and fertilizers. Ex.7 Write a short note on Water Culture Method:-

2.It requires land. 3.More water and fertilizers are needed.

One PVC pipe is taken and holes are created at distance. Roots of plants are kept in these pores. Water having minerals like K, Ca, Fe, Mg, Bo and Zn are flown in these pipes. Minerals and water useful for the growth of the plants are provided by pipe. Excess water is collected and flown again in the pipe. Thus water and fertilizers can be saved.

L.4 MICROBES
Ex.1 Choose the correct option:1. Which micro organism is responsible for eczema? A. Protozoa B. Fungi C. Bacteria D. Virus

2. Which disease is caused by protozoa? A. Dysentery B. Measles C. Tuberculosis D. Ringworm

3. Which disease is caused by bacteria? A. Chickenpox B. Jaundice C. Typhoid D. Tuberculosis

4. Which disease is caused by virus? A. Dysentery B. Jaundice C. Typhoid D. Pneumonia

5. Which disease is caused by fungi? A. Dysentery B. Cholera C. Rabies D. Eczema

6. Which disease is almost eradicated from the world? A. Malaria B. Tuberculosis C. Small pox D. Cholera

7. Vaccine against which disease was invented by Dr Edward Jenner? A. Cholera B. Polio C. Small pox D. Tuberculosis

8. From which algae is agar-agar, useful as a thickening material, prepared? A. Gelidium B. Anabaena C. Nostoc D. Spirogyra

9. Which microorganism is the connecting link between living and non living? A. Protozoan 10. causes AIDS? A. Bacterium B. Fungus C. Protozoan B. Fungus C. Virus D. Bacterium Which microorganism D. Virus

Ex.2 Answer in one sentence:Q.1 Which microorganism is responsible for scabies? A.1 Fungus is responsible for scabies. Q.2 Which microorganism is responsible for dysentery? A.2 Protozoa is responsible for dysentery. Q.3 By whom is cholera caused? A.3 Cholera is caused by bacteria named vibreo chlorae. Q.4 By whom is jaundice caused? A.4 Jaundice is caused by virus. Q.5 Against which disease does BCG vaccine provide protection? A.5 BCG vaccine provides protection against tuberculosis. Q.6 By whom is the tuberculosis caused? A.6 Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria named mycrobacterium tuberculosis.

Q.7 Which protozoan causes malaria? A.7 Plasmodium causes malaria. Q.8 Who spreads the disease malaria? A.8 Female anopheles mosquito spreads disease malaria. Q.9 Give names of two diseases caused by bacteria. A.9 Two diseases caused by bacteria are tuberculosis and typhoid. Q.10 Give names of two diseases caused by virus. A.10 Two diseases caused by virus are jaundice, cold, AIDS, polio etc. Q.11 What is a mushroom? A.11 Mushroom is one type of mould. Q.12 Which protozoan causes amoebic dysentery? A.12 Amoeba causes amoebic dysentery. Q.13 What is the shape of paramoecium? A.13 The shape of paramoecium is slipper shape. Q.14 Which bacteria are responsible for typhoid? A.14 Salmonella Typhosa is responsible for typhoid. Q.15 Which fungus is used for fermentation to prepare idli and dosa? A.15 Yeast is used for fermentation to prepare idli and dosa. Q.16 State the full name of TMV. A.16 The full name of TMV is Tobacco Mosaic Virus. Q.17 Who invented the vaccine for rabies? A.17 Lue Pasture invented the vaccine for rabies.

Ex.3 Answer in short:Q.1 What are microorganisms? Name their five types. A.1 Small minute organisms which cannot be seen with our naked eyes are called microorganisms. There are five types of microorganisms. They are:1. Fungi 2. Protozoa 3. Bacteria 4. Virus 5. Algae

Q.2 Give four uses of fungi. A.2 Four uses of fungi are:1. Yeast is useful for the fermentation for the preparation of food like dhokla, idli, dhosa. 2. Yeast is also useful in preparations of bread, biscuits and cakes. 3. Penicillin is used to prepare antibiotics. 4. Fungus like mushroom can be used directly as food. 5. Cheese can be made tasteful by using fungus. Q.3 Give four uses of bacteria. A.3 Four uses of bacteria are:1. In the making of curd and cheese from milk. 2. It softens the hard muscles. 3. Helpful to animals in digesting plant materials. 4. Decomposition of complex structures into simple nutrients. 5. Helpful in making pretreatment for making leather goods. 6. Increase the fertility of the soil.

Q.4 Where are algae found? Of which colours are they? A.4 Algae are found in fresh water, in oceans, in farms, on rocks, on wall etc. They are also found in hot water streams, turbid water as well as on the trunk of the trees. Algae mqy be brown in colour and they are of red colour also. Q.5 Give two symptoms of dysentery. A.5 Two symptoms of dysentery are:1. Pain in abdomen. is felt. 2. Frequent motion with blood and pus. 3. Weakness

Q.6 Give two symptoms of jaundice. A.6 Two symptoms of jaundice are:1. Loss of appetite. appears yellowish. 2. Nausea and vomiting occurs. 3. Skin and eyes

Q.7 How are protozoa harmful? A.7 Protozoa are harmful in following ways:1. Amoeba is responsible for causing amoebic dysentery. 2. Plasmodium is responsible for causing malaria. 3. Elephantiasis is also caused by them. Ex. 4 Give reasons:1. Bacteria are universal because they are found everywhere. In air, water, food, soil, in the body of animals as well as on the plants. In all living and non living on the earth. They are present in the entire environment. So they are universal. 2. Virus is considered as a connecting link between living and non living because virus can grow only after entering in any living cell. When they are outside of living cell they remain inactive and behave as non living,

but when they enter any living cells, they become active and behave as a living organism as well as they reproduce to give rise to next generation of virus. Thus, virus is called connecting link between living and non living. 3. It is necessary to give polio vaccine to the small children because:1. Immune power of small children is weak. 2. A child becomes crippled because of polio. 3. Once occurred it cannot be cured by medicine. 4. Childs condition becomes pitiable. 5. Giving polio vaccine protects the child from that diseases. Ex.5 Give difference:Fungi and Algae Fungi 1.Fungi do not contain chlorophyll. 2.Fungi are hetrotrophic. Virus 1.Viruses a can be seen with the help of electron microscope. 2.Viruses are harmful for humans. Algae 1.Algae contain chlorophyll. 2.They are autotrophic. Virus and Bacteria

Bacteria 1. Bacteria can be seen with the help of a compound microscope. 2.Bacteria are harmful as well as useful. Ex.6 Classify into diseases caused by virus, protozoa and bacteria. {Common cold, plague, amoebic dysentery, pneumonia, polia, cholera, measles, malaria, jaundice, typhoid, small pox, influenza, leprosy}

Diseases caused by virus Common cold, polia, measles, jaundice, small

Diseases caused by protozoa Amoebic dysentery, malaria

Diseases caused by bacteria Plague, pneumonia, cholera, typhoid, leprosy

pox, influenza Ex.7 Write the causes, symptoms and preventive measures for malaria. Causes: - Caused by plasmodium. Symptoms:- 1.Fever with shivering. 2. Body ache and head ache. Preventive measures:- 1. Growth of mosquitoes should be prevented. 2. Take care that mosquitoes do not bite. 3. Water should not accumulate around the house.

Ex.8 State the usefulness of algae. 1. Algae are used as food in many countries. 2. It is also used to prepare filters, glass and china clay (used in making of cup and saucers). 3. A freezing substance can be extracted from algae known as jelledium. 4. Algae give out oxygen during photosynthesis.

L-5 NERVOUS SYSTEM AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

EX.1 Choose the correct option. 1. Which system coordinates the different functions occurring in the body?

A. Circulatory system C. Digestive system

B. Nervous system D. Respiratory system

2. What is a rope-like part of nerve tissue that project from beneath the brain? A. Spinal cord B. Vertebral column C. Nerve fiber D. Capillaries

3. Who governs the reflex actions? A. Forebrain B. Hindbrain C. Midbrain D. Spinal cord.

4. Which test is quickly perceived by the tip of the tongue? A. Salty B. Bitter C. Sweet D. Sour

5. What is aperture behind the cornea called? A. Lens B. Retina C. Pupil D. Optic nerve

6. On what is the image of an object formed in the eye? A. Optic lens B. Optic nerve C. Retina D Pupil

7. Which part of the eye has its structure resembling a convex lens? A. Optic lens B. Retina C. Pupil D. Cornea

8. Which of the following is not an endocrine gland? A. Kidney B. Testes C. Ovary D. Pancreas

9. Which gland is located on the head region? A. Thyroid B. Pancreas C. Adrenal D . Pituitary

10. Which gland produces progesterone hormone? A. Pancreas B. Thyroid. C. Ovary D. Testis Ex.2 Answer in one sentence:-

Q.1 Which organs are included in the central nervous system? A.1 Brain and spinal cord are included in the central nervous system. Q.2 What are the sensory organs? A.2 We feel the heat, cold, pain, taste, smell, and also the presence or absence of light. These all are known as sense. We use different organs of our body to feel these type of external changes occurring in our surrounding. These types of organs are known as sensory organs. Q.3. Rub your palms against each other and put them on your cheek. What do you feel? A.3. Heat of the palm warms the cheek when we rub our palms against each other and put them on our cheek. Q.4. On the quantity of which substance under the skin does the colour of skin depends? A.4 The colour of the skin depends on melanin. Q.5 What are the special type of cells located on the inner side of the nose for recognizing smell called? A.5 The special type of cells located on the inner side of the nose for recognizing smell are called olfactory cells. Q6. State the three main parts of the ear. A.6. The three main parts of the ear are external ear, internal ear, and middle ear. Q.7. State the function of pupil. A.7 The function of pupil is it focuses the light rays on the lens and controls the amount of light entering the eye. Q.8 In which part of the eye are photosensory cells found?

A.8 Photosensory cells are found in retina. Q.9 Who performs the function of making the optic lens thick or thin? A.9 The function of making optic lens thick or thin is of ciliary muscles. Q.10 Where is insulin hormone produced? A.10 Insulin hormone is produced in pancreas. Ex. 3 Tell me who am I? 1. I am the system formed by brain, spinal cord and nerves. Nervous system. 2. I perform the function of conducting messages in both the directions. Mixed nerves 3. I protect the spinal cord. Vertebral column 4. I am the endocrine gland located in the neck. Thyroid gland 5. I am the endocrine gland located in the head. Pituitary gland 6. I am the hormone who regulates the menstrual cycle in women. Progesterone Ex.4 Answer in short:Q.1 Why do we wear woollen clothes during winter? A.1 In winter the climate is cold. Skin gives sensation of coolness to brain. So feel cold. Woollen clothes protect us from cold. So we wear woollen clothes in winter. Q.2 Name the organ included in each of the three parts of the human nervous system. A.2 1. Brain 3. Nerves 2. Spinal cord 4. Eyes

5. Ears 7. Tongue and

6. Nose 8. Skin.

Q.3 State any two functions of the brain. A.3 Ant two functions of brain are:1. It controls all the activities of the body. 2. Fore brain possess the centers for the functions like speech, thoughts, memory and identification. 3. Mid brain balances the body. 4. Hind brain controls the involuntary functions. 5. Brain also possesses centers for the activities like listening, smelling and tasting. Q.4 State the types of nerves and state the functions of each type of nerve. A.4 There are three types of nerves found in human body. They are:1. Sensory nerves- They carry the messages from the different part of the body to brain. 2. Motor nerves- They carry the messages from the brain to different parts of the body. 3. Mixed nerves- They carry the messages in both the directions. Q.5 State two examples of reflex actions. A.5 Two examples of reflex actions are:1. Blinking of an eye, when a particle of dust touches our eyes. 2. Taking away of ones hand while touching any hot thing. Q.6 Explain how the smell is perceived through the nose.

A.6 The smell is perceived in the nose through the following ways:1. Nose contains specialized cells to sense the smell. They are known as olfactory cells. 2. These olfactory cells carry olfactory impulse to brain through olfactory nerve. 3. The inner surface of nose remains covered with mucus. Q.7 When we suddenly enter the house from sunshine, we feel darkness in the house. Why such happens? A.7 The pupil in our eyes becomes small in the bright light of the sun. Then if we enter the house suddenly from the sunshine the pupil takes time to expand. During this sufficient light does not enter our eyes. Hence, we feel darkness in our house. Ex.5 Complete the table with proper information:Name of the organ 1.Nose 2.Ear 3.Tongue 4.Eye Connecting nerve Olfactory nerves Auditory nerves Glossophyaryngean nerves Optic nerve Functions To recognize smell To recognize sound To identify the taste To carry the impulse to the brain

Ex.6 Write the functions of the following glands:Name of the endocrine gland 1.Pituitary Function (only one) For growth of the body.

2.Adrenal 3.Pancreas

To face the condition like flight or fight. To maintain the amount of glucose in blood.

L.6 TYPES OF ENERGY

Ex.1 Choose the correct option:1. In which form is the energy stored in the mechanical clock? A. Potential energy C.Heat energy B. Kinetic energy D. Chemical energy

2. Which energy does a bullet fired from the gun possess? A. Heat energy C. Kinetic energy B. Potential Energy D. Chemical energy

3. In which form is the energy stored in food? A. Potential energy B. Heat energy C. Chemical energy D. Mechanical energy 4. In which form is the energy present in the cell? A. Chemical energy C. Potential energy B. Mechanical energy D. Kinetic energy

5. Which energy is released on burning coal? A. Heat energy C. Kinetic energy B. Chemical energy D. Mechanical energy

6. In which form does the chemical energy converts when a bomb bursts?

A. Electrical energy C. Sound energy

B. Potential energy D. Mechanical energy

7. Which of the following devices converts mechanical energy into electrical energy? A. Electric fan B. Turbine C. Generator D. Electric cell

8. Which energy does an arrow released from the bow possess? A. Potential energy C. Mechanical energy B. Kinetic energy D. Chemical energy

Ex. 2 Answer in one sentence:Q.1 Which energy gets transformed into which energy when a ball or toy car is released from the slope? A.1When a ball or toy car is released from the slope potential energy gets converted into kinetic energy. Q.2 Which energy is associated with the stretched bow? A.2 Potential energy is associated with the stretched bow. Q.3 What is called mechanical energy? A.3 The summation of the potential energy and the kinetic energy of the object is called mechanical energy. Q.4 During daytime green plants prepare their food by the process of photosynthesis. Which energy is transformed into which in this process? A.4 Solar energy is transformed into chemical energy during daytime when green plants prepare their food by the process of photosynthesis. Q.5 Which energy is associated with the fuel? A.5 Chemical energy is associated with the fuel.

Q.6 Which is the fundamental source of energy? A.6 Sun is the fundamental source of energy. Q.8 Which form of energy is transformed into which another form when the motorcycle is running? A.8 Chemical energy is transformed into kinetic energy when the motorcycle is running. Q.7 Which device converts chemical energy into electrical energy? A.7 Cell converts chemical energy into electrical energy. Ex.3 Define:1. Potential energy- The energy possessed by an object due to its position is called potential energy. 2. Kinetic energy- The energy possessed by an object due to its motion is called kinetic energy. Ex. 4 Answer in short:Q.1 How does a toy with the key function? A.1 The toys with keys have a spring. When we wind the spring with the key the toy gains potential energy. When we stop winding the key the toys potential energy gets converted into kinetic energy and so the toy starts playing. When the spring is fully unwind the toy stops. Q.2 Why does a bullet fired from the gun penetrate in the wood? A.2 A bullet fired from a gun has tremendous kinetic energy. The velocity (speed) of bullet is very high. Because of high velocity and kinetic energy the bullet penetrates the wood. Q.3 Give four examples of objects possessing potential energy. A.3 Four examples of objects possessing potential energy are:-

1. Water stored in dam. 2. Stretched rubber. 3. Winded clock or toy. 4. Rock on the mountain. Q.4 State the three uses of light energy. A.4 Three uses of light energy are:1. With the help of light energy plants prepare their food through the process of photosynthesis. 2. Light energy is used for cooking food with the help of solar cooker. 3. Light energy is used to heat water with the help of water heater. Q.5 State four appliances using electrical energy and write the type of energy transformation. A.5 Four appliances using electrical energy and write the type of energy transformation are as follows:1. When bulb is on electrical energy is transformed into light energy. 2. When fan is on the electrical energy is transformed into mechanical energy. 3. When electrical geyser is switched on electrical energy is transformed into heat energy. 4. When electric bell is switched on electrical energy is transformed into sound energy. Q.6 Give two examples of sound energy. A.6 Two examples of sound energy are:1. Bursting of fire crackers. 2. Blowing horn of vehicles.

Q.7 Due to bursting of a bomb (a firecracker) many a time the utensils in the house collide and produce sound. Why? A.7 Due to bursting of a bomb (a firecracker) many a time the utensils in the house collide and produce sound because when crackers having large sound are burst, huge sound waves are produced. These waves travel long distance and so when they hit the vessels in our house our vessels vibrate and produce sound. Q.8 Write the transformation of energy (i) When lime is put in a glass filled with water and (ii) The generation of electricity in a hydroelectric power station. A.8 (i) When lime is put in a glass filled with water chemical reaction between lime and water takes place. Heat energy is released. Water starts boiling.Chemical energy is transformed into heat energy (ii) The generation of electricity in a hydroelectric power station flowing water moves the turbine and hence mechanical energy is produced. This mechanical energy obtained by generation produces electrical energy. Q.9 Where is the solar energy used in your village/city? A.9 The solar energy used in our village/city are as follows:1. It is used to run solar water heater. 2. To run solar lights. 3. To run solar cookers. 4. To dry moist crops. 5. To dry clothes. 6. It is used to run calculators and wrist watches. Q.10 State the various forms of energy.

A.10 The various forms of energy are kinetic energy, mechanical energy, heat energy, sound energy, chemical energy, electrical energy, solar energy, tidal energy, geo thermal energy, potential energy etc. Ex. 5 Give difference between potential energy and kinetic energy:Potential energy 1. The energy possessed by an object due to its position is called potential energy. 2. Potential energy depends on height and weight. 3.For eg:- Water stored in a dam Kinetic energy 1. The energy possessed by an object due to its motion is called kinetic energy. 2. Kinetic energy depends on speed and mass. 3. For eg:- Flowing water

Ex.6 State the law of conservation of energy:Energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it is only converted from one form to another form. Total energy in the universe remains constant. Ex.7 Give four examples of energy transformation:1. When a ball is released from height potential energy is converted into kinetic energy. 2. When candle is lighted, chemical energy is converted into heat and light energy. 3. When electric iron is switched on electrical energy is converted into heat energy. 4. During photosynthesis light energy is converted into chemical energy. Ex.8 Write different steps you should take to save energy in your day to day life.

1. Electrical appliances should be switched off when not needed. 2. Pulses should be soaked in water for few hours before cooking it. 3. Doors of refrigerator should not be opened again and again. 4. Food should be cooked in pressure cooker. 5. Vehicles should be serviced regularly. 6. Public transportation should be used instead of private vehicles.