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Based on Chapter 9: Mayfield, M. (2007) Thinking for Yourself. Developing Critical Thinking Skills Through Reading and Writing. 7th Ed., Thomson Wadsworth: Boston MA.
Critical reading of arguments: It has to be read objectively Criticism of arguments begin with 5 questions: 1. What is the source; what is the viewpoint? 2. What is the controversy or issue? 3. Is it a proper argument (or a report)? 4. Is the argument structured: reasons & conclusions? 5. What are the strengths & weaknesses of the argument?
1. The source
intent to persuade Issue: a problem of public concern that is subject to dispute or debate Debate question: a question that states an issue; providing a focus for pro and con positions on the issue at stake
3. Is it a Report?
Purpose of a Report is to inform in a manner that wins trust in the reliability of the information
Data presented & explained
Support provided to confirm accuracy of data Offers hypotheses for interpreting the data Summary of findings presented
3. Is it an Argument?
Purpose of an Argument is to persuade others to agree with an idea
Assertion of a thesis or conclusion
Reasons given to support this conclusion are offered.
Material that supports the conclusion is emphasized. Clearly committed bias Summary argues for agreement with own conclusion
Reasons are statements of offered to explain, justify or support conclusions: Opinion Propositions Premises Evidence