Self Break of Temper Glass

Introduction
Temper Glass Sometimes Self-Breaks
A tempered glass sheet is usually made of thermally tempering process. It is a process by rapidly cooling the surface of a glass sheet heated to a temperature near its softening point. However, this temper glass sometimes breaks spontaneously even without any external force, although this is very rare. This phenomenon is called "self-destruction", "self blasting", "spontaneous break", or "self break" of the tempered glass sheet.

Principle
Self-Destruction Occurs Presumably Owing To Tiny Foreign Matter Present In A Tensile Stress Layer Existing In The Internal Portion Of The Tempered Glass Sheet

It has been reported that especially when spherical fine particles of nickel sulfide are present, the crystalline transition from -NiS to -NiS occurs during the use of the tempered glass sheet, and the destruction of the glass occurs because of a volume change during this transition. It has now been found that a very small proportion of tiny foreign matter present in the tensile stress layer of a tempered glass sheet has such defects as strain or fine cracks. These defective particles become the cause of self-destruction. It is discovered that minute foreign matter of nickel sulfide, even when having no strain nor cracks at an early stage of use, produces strain or cracking in the course of use by the transition from -NiS to -NiS, and becomes the cause of self-destruction. It has been confirmed, on the other hand, that chromite, gas bubbles, salt bubbles, or tiny foreign matter not containing strain and cracks, which are usually contained in the sheet glass, do not lead to the self-destruction.

Solutions
No Solutions So Far Can 100% Eliminate Glass Self-Break
The tiny foreign matters which become the cause of self-destruction are very fine with a diameter of about 0.3 mm to 0.05 mm and occur in glass product with a very low probability. Therefore, it is difficult to discover it. Since it is extremely difficult to detect a microscopic foreign matter by the inspection of all glass sheets and to remove a glass sheet containing such specific foreign matter which become the cause of self-destruction, such an inspection step cannot be incorporated in the production of tempered glass sheet. To check the strength of tempered sheet glass, a test has been made by letting a steel ball fall from a certain height onto a glass sheet to bring it into collision with the glass sheet. This test can determine the strength of the tempered glass sheet, but does not prevent glass from future self-destruction. After temper glass is installed as windows and doors, curtain wall or any glazing areas, it may lead to catastrophic events if self destruction occurs. Many researches have been done trying to get rid of the annoying self break, but no perfect solutions have arrived so far. Instead, a process is developed to minimize the chances of self break. It is known as heat soak test.

Oven Body

It is a chamber like structure painted with high temperature proof varnish. Interior wall is made of stainless steel plate. Layers of fine alumina silicate insulation materials are fully filled in double jacket wall for heat proofing. Door is opened outward. Rail track lies on oven floor.

Hot Air Circulation System

Hot air fans are installed at oven top. They are heat proof and durable. It blows air through heating resistors. Air gains enough energy to heat up glass. It is a force convection design and air is totally circulated inside oven. This saves energy. Due to powerful air fan with sophisticated air channels design, glass inside oven is heated evenly in a fastest way.

Air Cooling System

It is a force cooling design to cool down glass rapidly. Powerful air fan greatly reduces production batch cycle time.

Glass Cart

Glass cart with high temperature resistance wheels is used to carry glass in and out of oven. It lies on rail tracks (to be provided by buyer) outside the oven. When oven door open, it is moved inside oven along rail track extending from ground floor to oven floor.

Control System

Computer system with colorful monitor All operations and parameter are set and access through the computer Temperature profiles easily set, edited and stored in memory Programmable processing profile Production details and actual temperature profiles of each batch are recorded and could be printed out Intelligent PID temperature control Heating controlled by solid state relay Temperatures are measured by thermocouples

Each measuring point is digitally displayed Over temperature alarm protection Power is 75% of rating Output terminal is composed of two ways SCR silicon control rectifiers Insulation voltage of input and output is 2500V Powerful data management Large storage capacity Multi-channels data acquisition Multi-channels output control RS232, RS485 and USB ports for connection with peripheral equipments

Specifications
Models
Max. Glass Size (mm) Max. Glass Weight (tons) Max. Heating Temperature () Temperature Accuracy () Hot Air Recirculation Fan Air Cooling Fan HHeating Power (KW) Total Installed Power (KW) Min. Working Area (m) (including floor rail track) Compress Air Voltage Weight (tons) Inner Dimensions (L x W x H) (mm) Outer Dimensions (L x W x H) (mm)

HSO-2535
2500 x 3500 4.5 310 8 2.2 KW x 2 5.5 KW x 1 225 235 5.3 x 11 1500 Lt/min.at 0.6 ~ 0.8MPa 380V /3 Phase /50 Hz 8.5 3790 x 1800 x 2965 5360 x 2700 x 4070

HSO-2550
2500 x 5000 8 310 8 2.2 KW x 3 5.5 KW x 1 307 318 5.3 x 14 1500 Lt/min.at 0.6 ~ 0.8MPa 380V /3 Phase /50 Hz 10.9 5290 x 1800 x 2965 6860 x 2700 x 4070

HSO-4050
4000 x 5000 10 310 8 3 KW x 3 5.5 KW x 1 360 370 5.3 x 14 1500 Lt/min.at 0.6 ~ 0.8MPa 380V /3 Phase /50 Hz 12 5290 x 1800 x 4465 6860 x 2700 x 5570

JEB Heat Soak Testing (HST)

The heat soaking process helps to reduce the incidence of spontaneous breakage due to nickel sulfide inclusions and fabrication damage in tempered glass. JE Berkowitz adheres to the recognized international standard EN 14179-1:2005 (HST) for heat soaking in an oven certified by FH Munich. The fully tempered glass is optimally stacked in a chamber of a specially constructed oven. Its temperature is ramped up to 290C (550F) for two hours and gradually ramped down. The test is to reduce the probability of nickel sulfide inclusions from spontaneous breakage. 1. Offered only in 100% testing 2. Reduces probability of breakage from a standard 8 in 1,000 to 5 in 1,000

The formula is Q = Btuh/(1.08*(t2-T1)) Q = air flow in Cubic Feet per Minute Btuh = heating capacity t2 = 120C converted to F t1 = 30C converted to F