AESA102

Engineering Standard
SAES-A-102 Ambient Air Quality And Source Emission Standard Environmental Standards Committee Members
Al-Sharif, A.A., Chairman Abukhamsin, J.A. Al-Dafas, A.A. Al-Dajani, N.B. Buragga, M.A. Cherry, J.T. Inglet, T.E. Khan, S.A. Nabalawi, S.M. Padgett, D.J. Sarathy, R.S. Ukayli, M.A.
30 June, 1997
Saudi Aramco DeskTop Standards

Table of Contents 1 SCOPE ...................................................................................................................................................3 2 CONFLICTS AND DEVIATIONS........................................................................................................3 3 APPLICABLE CODES AND STANDARDS .......................................................................................3 3.1 Saudi Aramco References ..............................................................................................................3 3.2 Government Documents and Standards .........................................................................................4 4 DESIGN.................................................................................................................................................4 4.1 General Design Requirements ........................................................................................................4 4.1.1 Ambient Air Quality Standards (AAQSs)...............................................................................4 4.1.2 Source Emission Standards.....................................................................................................4 4.2 Air Quality (AQ) Engineering Reports...........................................................................................8 4.2.1 General....................................................................................................................................8 4.2.2 Preliminary AQ Engineering Report.......................................................................................8 4.2.3 Detailed AQ Engineering Report............................................................................................9 4.3 Design Requirements......................................................................................................................9 4.3.1 General....................................................................................................................................9 4.3.2 Exhaust Stacks ......................................................................................................................10 4.3.3 Process Boilers and Furnaces ...............................................................................................11
Previous Issue: 1 December, 1996, Next Planned Update: 1 December, 1999 Revised paragraphs are indicated in the right margin.
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Document Responsibility: Environmental Issue Date: 30 June, 1997 Next Planned Update: 1 December, 1997 Standard
SAES-A-102 Ambient Air Quality And Source Emission
4.3.4 Fluidized-Bed Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Units....................................................................11 4.3.5 Claus Sulfur Recovery Plants ...............................................................................................11 4.3.6 Flares and Burnpits ...............................................................................................................11 4.3.7 Non-Pressurized Storage Tanks............................................................................................12 4.3.8 Product Transfer Operations.................................................................................................13 4.3.9 Marine Terminals..................................................................................................................13 4.3.10 Fugitive Emission Sources..................................................................................................13 4.3.11 Medical Incinerators ...........................................................................................................14 5 TESTING AND INSPECTION ...........................................................................................................17 6 DEFINITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND ACRONYMS .................................................................17 6.1 Definitions ....................................................................................................................................17 6.2 Abbreviations and Acronyms .......................................................................................................22 TABLES Table 1 - MEPA Ambient Air Quality Standards (AAQS).......................................................................5 Table 2 - Royal Commission Ambient Air Quality Standards (AAQS)....................................................6 Table 3 - MEPA and Royal Commission Source Emission Standards .....................................................7 Table 4 - Potential Emission Sources......................................................................................................30 Table 5 - Non-Criteria Pollutant Types and Categories ..........................................................................31 Table 6 - Point Source Emissions Estimation Worksheet.......................................................................32 Table 7 - Fugitive Emissions Estimation Worksheet ..............................................................................33 Table 8 - Bulk Loading and Product Transfer Facility Evaporative Emissions Estimation Worksheet..34 Table 9 - Storage Tank Product Content Summary Worksheet ..............................................................35 Table 10 - Storage Tank Physical Characteristics Summary Worksheet................................................36 Table 11 - Fixed Roof Tank (FRT) Emissions Estimation Worksheet....................................................37 Table 12 - External Floating Roof (EFRT) Tank Emissions Estimation Worksheet...............................38 Table 13 - Internal Floating Roof (IFRT) Tank Emissions Estimation Worksheet.................................39 Table 14 - Air Dispersion Modeling Parameters.....................................................................................42 Table 15 - Baseline Pollutant Concentration Data Worksheet................................................................44 Table 16 - Emission Source Modeling Results Worksheet.....................................................................45 Table 17 - Incinerable Waste Classification and Characteristics ............................................................52 Table 18 - Hospital Waste Characteristics ..............................................................................................53 APPENDICES Appendix I - Engineering Approval Forms (Preliminary and Detailed).................................................25 Appendix II - Requirements for the Detailed AQ Engineering Report...................................................27 Appendix III -Air Dispersion Modeling Requirements...........................................................................41 Appendix IV - Formulas .........................................................................................................................47 Appendix V - Source Testing Methods...................................................................................................50 Appendix VI - Incinerator Waste Classification and Characterization ...................................................52 Appendix VII - Additional Technical References...................................................................................54 Appendix VIII - Royal Commission of Yanbu and Jubail Jurisdictional Maps..................................... 55
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1 1.1
SCOPE This standard specifies the allowable air emissions from new Saudi Aramco facilities or existing facilities undergoing major modifications or upgrades. It also contains the minimum required air pollution control systems, process modifications, and other mitigative actions that shall be incorporated into a project design. This standard provides technical requirements for conducting source emissions inventories and air dispersion modeling studies used in assessing environmental compliance of projects. The Ambient Air Quality Standards (AAQS) in Paragraph 4.1.1 apply to the ambient air outside of the official boundaries of each Saudi Aramco industrial facility. The effects of air quality on worker health and safety within the recognized confines of a facility is the responsibility of the Saudi Aramco Medical Services Organization (SAMSO) and the Loss Prevention Department (LPD), and is excluded from the scope of this standard. CONFLICTS AND DEVIATIONS Any conflicts between this standard and other applicable Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards (SAESs), Materials Systems Specifications (SAMSSs), Standard Drawings (SASDs), or industry standards, codes, and forms shall be resolved in writing by the Company or Buyer Representative through the Manager, Process & Control Systems Department, Dhahran. Direct all requests to deviate from this standard in writing to the Company or Buyer Representative, who shall follow internal company procedure SAEP-302 and forward such requests to the Manager, Process & Control Systems Department of Saudi Aramco, Dhahran. APPLICABLE CODES AND STANDARDS The selection of material and equipment, and the design, construction, maintenance, and repair of equipment and facilities covered by this standard shall comply with the latest edition of the references listed below, unless otherwise noted. Industry codes and references can be found in the Appendices.
1.2
1.3
2 2.1
2.2
3.1
Saudi Aramco References SAEP-13 SAEP-14 SAEP-125 SAEP-302 SAES-A-103 Project Environmental Assessments Project Proposals Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards Instructions for Obtaining a Waiver of a Mandatory Saudi Aramco Engineering Requirement Discharges to the Marine Environment
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SAES-D-100 SAES-F-007 G.I. 425.000 32-SAMSS-022 G.I. 2.714 3.2
Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Tanks System Design Criteria of Flares Refrigerant Management Flare Tips Environmental Policy Implementation
Government Documents and Standards "Environmental Protection Standards," Document No. 1409-01 and revisions, Meteorology and Environmental Protection Administration (MEPA). "Environmental Protection Manual, Volume I, Environmental Regulations and Standards and revisions, Directorate General for Yanbu Project, Madinat Yanbu AlSinaiyah, Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu. "Environmental Design Guidelines" and revisions, Directorate General for Jubail Project, Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu.
4 4.1 4.1.1
DESIGN General Design Requirements Ambient Air Quality Standards (AAQSs) The Ambient Air Quality Standards (AAQSs) found in this document are based on the national (MEPA) and the Royal Commission for Yanbu and Jubail standards and are the maximum ground-level concentration limits of pollutants permitted in air which, allowing for a degree of safety, present no long-term hazard to human health or the environment. Saudi Aramco facilities shall be designed to be in compliance with the AAQSs which are applicable to their location. The AAQSs that apply to facilities under MEPA jurisdiction, which is Kingdom-wide, are listed in Table 1. Those that apply to facilities located within the jurisdictional areas of the Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu are listed in Table 2. Whenever MEPA and Royal Commission standards differ, the more stringent limits apply within the Royal Commission jurisdictions. See Appendix VIII for the Royal Commission boundary maps.
4.1.2
Source Emission Standards Facilities shall be designed so that their operation will allow compliance with the source emission standards listed in Table 3. Whenever MEPA and Royal Commission standards differ, the more stringent limits apply within the Royal Commission jurisdictions.
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TABLE 1 - NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (AAQS)

POLLUTANT Sulfur Dioxide (SO 2) Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Photochemical Oxidants (measured as O 3) Inhalable Particulate Matter (PM 10) (4) Carbon Monoxide (CO) (5) Fluorides (F -) (6)
(1)
AVERAGING TIME PERIOD 1 hour 24 hours 1 year 1 hour 24 hours 1 hour 1 year 1 hour
(1)
MAX. CONC. (2) g/m3 (ppm) 730 (0.280) 365 (0.140) 80 (0.030) 200 (0.140) 40 (0.030) 660 (0.350) 100 (0.050) 295 (0.150)
ALLOWABLE EXCEEDANCES
(3)
2 per any 30 days 1 per year 0 per year 1 per year 1 per year 2 per any 30 days 0 per year 2 per any 30 days
24 hours 1 year 1 hour 8 hours 30 days
340 80 40,000 (35) 10,000 (9) 1.0 (0.001)
1 per year 0 per year 2 per any 30 days 2 per any 30 days 0 per any 30 days
Averaging time period during which instantaneous recorded data are averaged. An averaging time of 1 hour means that values are averaged for 60 minutes. (2) Ground-level concentration (GLC) value not to be exceeded. Ambient concentrations are at standard temperature and pressure (STP) conditions of 25C (298K) and 760 mm Hg. (3) Indicates the number of times a GLC value may be in excess of the GLC limit value without registering as a violation of the standard. (4) Inhalable particulate matter is defined by MEPA as PM15 , or a 15-micron particle size cut-off; however, Saudi Aramco measures PM10, a 10-micron particle size cut-off, which is the limit used by most countries. Exceedances of the PM10 particulate concentration limits which are due to natural background concentrations are not considered violations of the standard. (5) Carbon monoxide standard limits stated are in milligrams per cubic meter; however, the above table expresses equivalent CO concentration in micrograms per cubic meter. (6) Saudi Aramco currently has no emission sources that emit fluorides to the atmosphere.
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TABLE 2 - ROYAL COMMISSION AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (AAQS)

POLLUTANT AVERAGING TIME PERIOD (1) Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Oxides of Nitrogen (measured as NO 2) Ozone (O 3) Inhalable Particulate Matter (PM10) (4) 1 hour 3 hours 24 hours Annual avg. 1 hour 24 hours 1 hour 24 hours Annual avg. 1 hour 24 hours (15JUBAIL LIMITS MAX. CONC. ALLOWABLE g/m (ppm)
(2) 3
YANBU LIMITS MAX. CONC. ALLOWABL g/m (ppm)

(2) 3
E EXCEED
(3)
EXCEED
(3)
Carbon Monoxide (CO) Non-Methane Hydrocarbons Ammonia (NH 3) Lead (Pb) Vinyl Chloride Monomer (C2H3Cl) Chlorine (Cl 2) Sulfates Hydrogen Fluoride (HF) or Fluorides (F -) Hydrochloric Acid (HCL)
NS = None Stated
(1)
1300 (0.500) 800 (0.300) 365 (0.140) 80 (0.030) 40 (0.029) 20 (0.014) 660 (0.350) 400 (0.214) 100 (0.053) 240 (0.120) NS NS 150 ) 50 1 year (15- ) 24 hours (10 ) 1 year (10- ) 1 hour 40,000 (35) 8 hours 10,000 (9) 3 hours(5) 1 hour 3 months 24 hours 1 hour 24 hours Monthly avg. 160 1,800 (2.6) 1.5 26 (0.010) 300 (0.10) 25 1.0
2 per 30 days 1 per year 1 per year 0 2 per 30 days 0 2 per 30 days 0 0 1 per year NS NS 1 per year 0
730 (0.28) NS 365 (0.14) 80 (0.03) 200 (0.14) 40 (0.03) 660 (0.35) NS 100 (0.053) 235 (0.12) 340 80 150 50
2 per 30 days NS 1 per year 0 2 per 30 days 1 per year 2 per 30 days NS 0 2 per 30 days 1 per year 0 1 per year 0
1 per year 1 per year 0 0 0 1 per year 0 0 0
40,000 (35) 10,000 (9) 160 1,800(2.6) 1.5 NS 300 (0.10) NS 1.0 (0.001)
1 per year 1 per year 0 0 0 NS 0 NS 0
3 hours
NS
NS
Averaging time period during which instantaneous recorded data are averaged. An averaging time of 1 hour means that values are averaged for 60 minutes. Page 7 of 56
(2)
(3)
(4) (5)
Ground-level concentration (GLC) value not to be exceeded. Ambient concentrations are at standard temperature and pressure (STP) conditions of 25C (298K) and 760 mm Hg. Indicates the number of times a GLC may be in excess of the GLC limit value without registering as a violation of the standard. Exceedances of this pollutant due to natural causes are not considered violations of the standard. Sampling period is 6 a.m. through 9 a.m.
TABLE 3 - SOURCE EMISSION STANDARDS

SOURCE CATEGORY Combustion Facilities Rated 30 MW (100 MBtu/hr) (ex. - industrial boilers, furnaces, and turbines) POLLUTANT/ SOURCE CHARACTERISTI C Particulate Matter (PM) Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Nitrogen Oxides (oil fired) Nitrogen Oxides (gas fired) Crude oil VOC Vapor Pressure, True (78-570 mm Hg) (1.5-11.0 psia) MEPA LIMITS AND REQUIREMENTS 43 ng/J (0.1 lb/MBtu) 1000 ng/J (2.3 lb/M Btu) 130 ng/J (0.3 lb/MBtu) 86 ng/J (0.2 lb/MBtu) Floating Roof
(2)
JUBAIL LIMITS AND REQUIREMENTS (1) 43 ng/J (0.1 lb/MBtu) 340 ng/J (0.8 lb/MBtu) 130 ng/J (0.3 lb/MBtu) 86 ng/J (0.2 lb/MBtu) Floating Roof
(2)
YANBU LIMITS AND REQUIREMENTS 43 ng/J (0.1 lb/MBtu) 215 ng/J (0.5 lb/MBtu) 130 ng/J (0.3 lb/MBtu) 86 ng/J (0.2 lb/MBtu) Floating Roof (<40,000 gal) (2)(3) External Floating Roof w/Double Seal, Fixed Roof w/Internal Floating Roof, or Vapor Recovery (3) Vapor Recovery or Equivalent System(3)(4) NS 230 mg/dscm (165 ppm) 572.5 mg/m 3 (500 ppm) 50 ppm(6) 30% 1.0 kg/met. tonne coke burn-off NS 250 ppm SO 2,
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Petroleum Storage Vessels >1000 bbl (5614 ft3)
Double Boot Seal or Equivalent System (4)
Floating Roof w/ Double Seal or Equivalent System (4)
Fuel Gas
FCC Unit Regeneration
Sulfur Recovery Plants(7)
VOC Vapor Pressure, True (>570 mm Hg) (>11.0 psia) Carbon Monoxide (CO) Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S in fuel) (5) Carbon Monoxide (CO) Sulfur Dioxide(SO 2) Opacity Particulate Matter (PM) Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)
Vapor Recovery or Equivalent Systems(4) NS 230 mg/dscm (165 ppm) 572.5 mg/m 3 (500 ppm) NS NS 1.0 kg/met. tonne coke burn-off NS
Vapor Recovery or Equivalent System (4) 572.5 mg/m 3 (500 ppm) 230 mg/dscm (165 ppm) NS NS NS 1.0 kg/met. tonne coke burn-off 10 ppm(8)
Total Sulfur (S) Fugitive Emissions Asbestos Visible Emissions (13)
VOCs Asbestos Opacity
At Least 95% Sulfur Recovery (9) Maintenance/Inspec. /Monitoring (11) NS 20% (14)
At Least 99% Sulfur Recovery Maintenance/Inspec./ Monitoring (11) None Allowed 20% (14)
or 300 ppm SO 2 and 10 ppm H 2S(10) 10,000 ppm at surface (12) NS 20% (14)
NS = None Stated Footnotes to Table 3: (1) Best Available Control Technology (BACT) specified for Jubail. For dusty stockpiles, the use of water spray at suitable intervals is recommended; for combustion units, cyclones or electrostatic precipitators for PM, scrubbers for SO2, and combustion controls for NOX are recommended (2) Floating roof tanks are considered adequate for the storage of crude oil, providing a consistent seal inspection and reporting program is implemented. (3) Exact requirements for Yanbu storage tanks depend on date of construction of tank - refer to the Environmental Protection Manual by the Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu. (4) Equivalent not defined by regulation; shall be acceptable to the Chief Environmental Engineer. (5) Shall utilize amine scrubbing or other gas cleaning technology approved by the Chief Environmental Engineer. (6) The limit is 50 ppm SO2 with an add-on control device; with no control device particulates must be limited to 9.8 kg/metric tonne of coke burn-off. (7) Two or three-stage Claus process shall be used. (8) Limit H2S to 10 ppm or reduce SO2 in oxidizing device with non-combustion alarm. (9) CO boiler or incinerator required to burn tail gas; a minimum 95% recovery of inlet sulfur required of sulfur plant. (10) Limit SO2 to 250 ppm at zero percent oxygen on dry basis if emissions are controlled by an oxidation or reduction system followed by an incinerator. If not followed by an incinerator, the limit is 300 ppm of sulfur compounds and 10 ppm of H2S calculated as SO2. (11) Fugitive emissions shall be minimized by each facility through the utilization of good maintenance and inspection procedures as well as by monitoring of potential emission sources using techniques and procedures recommended by the Chief Environmental Engineer. (12) Valves, pumps and compressors shall have a maximum VOC concentration of 10,000 ppm at their surface. Pressure relief valves shall have a maximum VOC concentration of 500 ppm at their surface. Oil-water separation tanks shall be covered, except when a fire or safety hazard would result. (13) Applies to all industrial activities, including flaring. Water vapor not included. (14) Visible emissions shall be controlled to a maximum of 20% opacity, with an allowance of 3 minutes during any continuous 60-minute period.
4.2 4.2.1
Air Quality (AQ) Engineering Reports General The final Project Proposal shall not be considered complete without approval of a Preliminary or Detailed AQ Engineering Report by the Chief Environmental Engineer. The reports are in addition to the Projects Environmental Assessment as required in SAEP-13.
4.2.2
Preliminary AQ Engineering Report
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4.2.2.1
A Preliminary AQ Engineering Report (PAQER) shall be prepared by the Facilities Planning Department and submitted together with the projects Design Basis Scoping Paper (DBSP). The report shall contain the following: A completed copy of the Preliminary AQ Engineering Approval Form (found in Appendix I). A brief description of the project and its general location, along with site maps. A list of the proposed new or modified emission sources. For major modifications or upgrade projects, a list of additional controls to be installed on existing equipment for facilities that have not been in compliance with applicable air quality standards (e.g., those standards in effect when the facility was built). For historical compliance information, contact the Chief Environmental Engineer. Any final Best Available Control Technology (BACT) designs as recommended by EED and evaluated by FPD.
4.2.2.2
The Preliminary AQ Engineering Report shall be evaluated by the Chief Environmental Engineer to determine the need for a Detailed AQ Engineering Report and air dispersion modeling based on the projects potential air emissions. The Preliminary AQ Engineering Approval Form shall be returned to the Facilities Planning Department within 15 business days of its submittal. Detailed AQ Engineering Report The Detailed AQ Engineering Report (DAQER) shall contain plans required to meet Saudi Aramco environmental standards and regulatory discharge limitations, as detailed in Appendix II. It shall also contain the results of any required air dispersion modeling, as detailed in Appendix III. The Detailed AQ Engineering Report shall be evaluated by the Chief Environmental Engineer and shall be returned to the Project Management Team within 15 business days of its submittal. Design Requirements General Facility design shall incorporate BACT for controlling air pollutant emissions to the limits specified in Paragraph 4.1. The PMT and facility operations is responsible for the funding, procurement, installation, operation, and maintenance of all emission control equipment.
4.2.3 4.2.3.1
4.2.3.2
4.3 4.3.1 4.3.1.1
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4.3.1.2
Industrial facilities shall be designed to discharge no air toxic substance (see definition), whether specifically regulated or not, in any quantities deemed sufficient to be harmful to the public health. Direct atmospheric release of known air toxic pollutants, by design, shall not be permitted. Existing facilities that are part of upgrade projects and have a documented history of non-compliance with applicable standards shall incorporate Best Available Retrofit Technology (BART) to control excessive emissions. BART technologies may consist of emission control equipment, process modifications, process monitoring, operation and maintenance procedural changes, or a combination of these as determined by the Chief Environmental Engineer. Each facility is responsible for the funding, procurement, installation, operation, and maintenance of all such technologies utilized. Continuous process and/or emission monitoring (CEM) equipment shall be required at all new facilities that maintain compliance with applicable source emission standards by controlling process parameters. It is the responsibility of each facility to procure, install, operate, and maintain such equipment. Ambient air quality monitoring of Saudi Aramco facilities shall remain the responsibility of the Environmental Engineering Division via the AMMNET program. Visible emissions (measured as opacity) shall be determined using one of the techniques specified in the referenced USEPA Method 9 (Appendix V). The preferred technique is LIDAR (laser radar; light detection and ranging), which is much more reliable and accurate than the Ringlemann Chart method. Each facility is responsible for the funding, procurement, operation, and maintenance of this equipment as part of its environmental compliance program. The direction of the prevailing winds shall be considered when selecting the location of any new emission source. Wherever possible, emission sources shall be located downwind (of the prevailing winds) and at suitable distances from inhabited areas as delineated by air dispersion modeling. Where this is not possible or feasible, emission sources shall be located as far upwind or cross-wind from sensitive areas as possible. Exhaust Stacks All new exhaust stacks shall be designed according to Good Engineering Practice (GEP) (see definition for further information), such that the emissions are not influenced by aerodynamic downwash due to the presence of nearby buildings or other structures. If air dispersion modeling indicates that a height in excess of 91.4 meters (300 feet) would be required to reduce ambient ground-level pollutant concentrations to below the applicable ambient air quality standard, this shall be considered a case of unnecessary dilution and additional air pollution control shall be required. For modeling purposes, the stack height value shall be limited to 91.4 meters; however, the physical design height can be higher if other factors such worker safety, etc. indicate that higher stacks are needed.
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4.3.1.3
4.3.1.4
4.3.1.5
4.3.1.6
4.3.2 4.3.2.1
4.3.2.2 4.3.2.3
Stacks shall be designed to support metal work scaffolding and platforms for use during stack testing. Stacks shall be designed with a minimum of four sampling ports. The ports shall consist of a 6-inch flange with a bolted blind flange installed as a cover. Each sample port shall be located at 90-degree intervals around the stack or duct. The sampling ports shall be located at least two stack diameters downstream or one-half stack diameter upstream from a flow disturbance such as a bend, expansion, contraction, or visible flame, provided the flue gas flow is not cyclonic or swirling. If the flue gas flow is cyclonic or swirling, the sampling ports shall be located at least eight stack diameters downstream or two stack diameters upstream from a flow disturbance. The equivalent stack diameter for square ducts, for the purpose of determining flue gas sampling ports, shall be calculated as follows: Equivalent Diameter of the Duct (D) = 2 H x W / (H + W) where H is the height of the duct and W is the width of the duct (reference Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources, Test Methods and Procedures in Appendix VII).
4.3.3
Process Boilers and Furnaces H2S content of the fuel gas shall be limited to no more than 230 mg/dscm or 165 ppm dry.
4.3.4
Fluidized-Bed Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Units FCC unit catalyst regenerators shall be designed with the following: a. Carbon monoxide boilers or high-temperature regeneration so that CO emissions do not exceed 500 ppm (572 mg/m3). b. Air emission cleaning equipment so that particulate emissions do not exceed 1.0 kilogram per metric tonne of coke burn-off.
4.3.5 4.3.5.1
Claus Sulfur Recovery Plants Sulfur recovery plants shall utilize a two-stage or three-stage Claus process to achieve at least a 95% total inlet sulfur recovery efficiency, defined as the efficiency rating for the plant averaged over a year. In cases where air dispersion modeling predicts exceedances of the ambient SO2 standards, additional sulfur recovery or control shall be required.
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4.3.5.2 4.3.6 4.3.6.1 4.3.6.2
Sulfur loading facilities shall utilize emission control techniques to minimize direct atmospheric sulfur releases. Flares and Burnpits All new flare systems shall meet the requirements of SAES-F-007 and 32-SAMSS-022 in addition to this standard. All new flares or major modifications to existing flares shall be designed to be smokeless during routine continuous operation to comply with the requirement on visible emissions (see Table 3). Plant startups, shutdowns, upsets, and emergency relief are exempt from the smokeless requirement. [Note: For existing flares that do not comply with the visible emission standard, the upgrade of the flares shall be scheduled when they are replaced by new equipment.]
4.3.6.3
Elevated flares shall be preferred in lieu of ground-level flare systems. However, ground-level flares (see definition) shall be allowed if they meet all environmental and safety constraints. Flares shall be designed to operate with a pilot flame present at all times to ensure continuous combustion of the waste gases. To ensure complete combustion, waste gas mixtures (including any supplemental fuel) to be flared shall have a net heating value equal to or greater than 11.2 MJ/scm (300 Btu/scf) for steam-assisted or air-assisted flares. If the flare is non-assisted, the net heating value of the gas mixture shall be greater than 7.45 MJ/scm (200 Btu/scf). See Appendix IV for the formula to calculate the net heating value. The exit or tip velocity of a steam-assisted or non-assisted flare shall be designed for a maximum of 18.3 m/s if the net heating value of the waste gas is less than 37.3 MJ/scm (1000 Btu/scf). If the net heating value of the waste gas is over 37.3 MJ/scm, the maximum tip velocity shall be determined from the applicable formulas in Appendix IV for calculating tip velocities, subject to the absolute maximum of 122 m/s. The tip velocity for an air-assisted flare shall be designed based on the applicable formula in Appendix IV, subject to the same absolute maximum velocity of 122 m/s. Refer to SAES-F-007 for other flare tip velocity considerations.
4.3.6.4 4.3.6.5
4.3.6.6
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4.3.6.7
The use of new burnpits shall be restricted to the following non-routine situations only: 1) burning liquids during process upsets or emergency shutdowns; 2) burning liquids and gases from shut-in oil wells being brought back into production; and 3) burning liquids and gases generated during the cleanout of an existing well or pipeline. Alternate means of control and disposal, such as sealed ponds, API separators, and reclamation techniques, shall be utilized in new designs wherever possible. Where burnpits are included, proper design and efficient operation of the burnpits shall be included in the overall project design. The practice of disposing of oil from oil wells using burnpits should be replaced with alternative methods that do not contribute to atmospheric emissions. Non-Pressurized Storage Tanks External and internal floating roof tanks containing VOC material having a True Vapor Pressure (TVP) between 78 mm Hg (1.5 psia) and 570 mm Hg (11.0 psia) shall be equipped with double boot seals (or equivalent systems, as defined on a case-by-case basis by the Chief Environmental Engineer). External and internal floating roof tanks shall be required to have a consistent seal inspection and reporting program, with seal inspections carried out at the initial fill and at least once per year thereafter. Storage tanks designed with roof openings shall have all openings equipped with gaskets. A seal inspection program shall be used to verify that there are no visible gaps in any of the openings. Vapor recovery or equivalent systems are required on all new storage tanks with a capacity of more than 1,000 barrels (5614 cubic feet) of any petroleum product having a TVP in excess of 570 mm Hg (11.0 psia) at maximum anticipated ambient temperature. Storage tanks containing VOC material having a TVP of greater than 78 mm Hg (1.5 psia) shall not utilize slotted guide gauge poles unless the poles are equipped with a gasketed sliding cover, or a fabric sleeve seal and a gasketed float inside the guide pole. Product Transfer Operations Vapor recovery or equivalent systems are required for new petroleum transfer facilities that involve products having a TVP in excess of 570 mm Hg, regardless of the storage capacity of the tank(s) involved.
4.3.7 4.3.7.1
4.3.7.2
4.3.7.3
4.3.7.4
4.3.7.5
4.3.8 4.3.8.1
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4.3.8.2
Vapor recovery systems shall be designed to achieve emissions of not more than 35 grams hydrocarbon per cubic meter (g-HC/m3) of loaded product (or product transferred). The effluent rate of the vapor recovery system, therefore, will be higher depending on percentage of air because the effluent from the vapor recovery system is basically the air portion of the gas phase of the product pushed out of the tank truck when loading is performed. The use of a bottom loading or a closed top loading technique in conjunction with a vapor recovery system is preferred for all new gasoline tanker trucks. Marine Terminals New tanker ships shall be equipped with emission control systems that minimize the loss of product to the atmosphere. Acceptable systems include submerged loading techniques, vapor balance systems, and vapor recovery systems. Gas-freeing, inerting operations of cargo holds, and ballasting practices which are conducted at new terminals shall have emission control equipment or vapor recovery facilities. Fugitive Emission Sources Fugitive emissions shall include the pollutants listed in Tables 1, 2 and 5.
4.3.8.3 4.3.9 4.3.9.1
4.3.9.2
4.3.10
4.3.10.1
Control of fugitive emissions shall be through the utilization or incorporation of one or more of the latest technologies or techniques. The acceptable technologies include, but are not limited to: a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. Vapor control systems and hydrocarbon re-use Thermal oxidation Covers In-line samplers New valve technology Mechanical seals Quick-change blind/manifold design Steam stripping New gaskets, bolts, and welding techniques Leak detection and repair (LDAR) program
4.3.10.2
A Leak Detection and Repair (LDAR) program shall be implemented for the control of fugitive emissions by each facility with guidance from the Environmental Engineering Division. The details and scheduling of a LDAR program shall be incorporated into the facility's Operation & Maintenance (O&M) program. The LDAR program shall incorporate the requirements of GI-425.000, Refrigerant Management, which addresses CFC emissions only, and shall include the following elements:
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a. b. c. d. e. f. g. 4.3.11 4.3.11.1 4.3.11.1.1 4.3.11.1.2
Component identification and location Component type(s) Stream and pollutant type(s) Stream chemical composition Emission rate estimation(s) monitoring / repair date(s) Monitoring / repair / reporting schedules
Medical Incinerators General Incinerator design shall incorporate technology approved by the USEPA for medical waste incinerators. Incinerator design shall be based upon waste characteristics such as composition, percentage of plastics, moisture content, heat value, etc. Refer to Appendix VI for information on waste classification and characterization. Combustion Design and Efficiency The incinerator shall be a controlled-air, continuous-duty unit utilizing single or dual upper (secondary) combustion chambers with automatic draft air control systems. The incinerator shall utilize a gas conditioning system (boiler or quenching chamber) with a gas cleaning system, automatic draft air control, and an automatic temperature and gas composition monitoring system. The overall combustion efficiency of the incinerator should be 99.9% or 100 ppm carbon monoxide on an hourly basis, with automatic controls to regulate temperature, oxygen, and carbon monoxide, factors directly affecting combustion efficiency. The primary combustion chamber shall have a minimum temperature of 540C (1000F) to ensure destruction of dioxins (PCDD), furans (PCDF), and potential precursors such as hexachlorobenzene. It shall have a maximum temperature of 1430C (2600F) to prevent slagging/clinker formation. The secondary combustion chamber shall have a minimum temperature of 980C (1800F) and a maximum temperature of 1430C (2600F), with a minimum exit temperature of 980C (1800F). A minimum retention time of two seconds shall be required for the secondary combustion chamber at a temperature of 1090C (2000F).
4.3.11.2 4.3.11.2.1 4.3.11.2.2
4.3.11.2.3
4.3.11.2.4
4.3.11.2.5
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4.3.11.2.6
The incinerator shall be provided with the following features to ensure proper operation and acceptable emission levels: a. By-pass stack and valve as safety device to protect downstream components b. Boiler or quench chamber for cooling exhaust gases prior to scrubbing c. Flue gas cleaning (air pollution control) system with appropriate probe ports installed for stack testing purposes d. Hydraulically-actuated loader and ash conveyor systems; and e. Induced-draft fan with direct outside air source to control and maintain adequate combustion air supply. Natural draft is not acceptable.
4.3.11.2.7
The incinerator shall be designed with automatic controls for the following parameters: a. Charging frequency or rate b. Combustion air rate to regulate oxygen and CO emissions, and gas temperature of both chambers c. Primary and secondary burner operating temperatures d. Heat-recovery or quench chamber inlet/outlet temperatures e. Pressure drop of pulse-jet baghouse f. Auxiliary fuel flow rate g. Reagent (lime) feed rate to dry scrubber h. Dry scrubber and baghouse flow rates i. Air pollution control system inlet/outlet temperatures and pressure drop j. Combustion, burndown, and cool-down cycle times
4.3.11.2.8 4.3.11.2.9
The incinerator shall incorporate temperature sensors to provide warning and control in case of high temperature excursions. The incinerator shall be designed with continuous monitoring for the following parameters: a. Critical temperatures (using dual-system thermocouple sensors which are enclosed in thermowells located near the entry or exit areas of the chambers) b. Critical pressures (using magnehelic differential pressure gauges or differential pressure transmitters) c. Combustion gas oxygen level d. Combustion gas carbon monoxide level e. Combustion gas opacity f. Auxiliary fuel usage g. Oxygen levels (using in-situ analyzers such as electrocatalytic-type monitors which have rapid response times) h. Carbon monoxide levels (using extractive-type analyzers such as NDIR because the required gas conditioning for this type of analyzer removes measurement interferences) i. Opacity (using transmissometers)
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4.3.11.3 4.3.11.3.1
Emission Control The incinerator shall be designed to control the following air contaminants: a. Principal organic hazardous compounds (POHCs) (toxic organics such as dioxins, furans, etc.) b. Toxic metals (arsenic, lead, cadmium, chromium, etc.) c. Pathogens (will be completely destroyed prior to flue gas cleaning) d. Acid gases (primarily HCl) e. Particulates f. Carbon monoxide (CO) g. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) h. Oxides of nitrogen (NOX)
4.3.11.3.2
The incinerator design shall include an air cleaning system which consists of a dryinjection scrubber/pulse-jet fabric-filter system that utilizes alkaline absorbent (lime) to neutralize and absorb acid gases. [Note: The high-efficiency fabric filter baghouse removes particulates and acid gases. The use of the pulse-jet baghouse ensures automatic removal of particulates from the fabric filters. The use of a dry scrubbing system eliminates the need for using large amounts of water and the problem of disposing of wastewater laden with heavy metals.] The incinerator design shall include a flue gas cooling system to accommodate the lower inlet gas temperatures required by the air cleaning system and to accommodate better condensation of any heavy metals and dioxin/furan emissions in the exhaust gases. POHCs, toxic metals and toxic organics shall be removed to a Destruction and Removal Efficiency (DRE) of 99.99% or better in the exhaust. The DRE value includes both the combustion efficiency of the incinerator and the removal efficiency of the air pollution control system. Acid gases shall be removed to at least 90% or 50 ppm or 1.8 kg (4 lbs) per hour of HCl emissions, whichever is lower. Particulates, including toxic metals, shall be controlled to at least 0.02 grains/dscf (50 mg/dscm) corrected to 7% oxygen. Carbon monoxide emissions shall be controlled to 100 ppm to ensure complete combustion of the wastes. Incinerators shall be designed such that the opacity of the stack exit gas shall not exceed 20% for any 3-minute period during any hour of operation to ensure complete combustion of the wastes.
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4.3.11.3.3
4.3.11.3.4
4.3.11.3.5 4.3.11.3.6 4.3.11.3.7 4.3.11.3.8
4.3.11.3.9
If low-level radioactive waste (LLW) such as radioactive iodine is to be incinerated, an activated carbon adsorption control system with at least 99% recovery shall be used. The incineration of any radioactive waste requires prior approval by the Chief Environmental Engineer. TESTING AND INSPECTION General A stack test listed in Appendix V or other method specified by the Chief Environmental Engineer shall be conducted on emission units to demonstrate compliance with applicable source emission standards. It shall be conducted within 60 days of achieving the maximum production rate, but not later than 180 days from the date of initial startup. A written test report shall be provided to the Chief Environmental Engineer within 60 days thereafter summarizing the results of the test. Any test that fails to follow the procedures of the testing method shall be considered invalid and shall be re-run. Any test that shows the emission source to be in noncompliance with applicable standards shall be re-run until the source can be shown to be in compliance with applicable standards through modifications to the process or processes, additional emission control systems, and/or by de-rating the output capacity of the facility. A facility will not be considered fully operational until the source emission testing results have been accepted by the Chief Environmental Engineer and the Performance Acceptance Certificate has been prepared.
5 5.1
6 6.1
DEFINITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND ACRONYMS Definitions Air Quality - Ambient air pollutant concentrations and their temporal and spatial distribution. Ambient Air Quality Standards (AAQSs) - the maximum concentration limits of criteria pollutants permitted in air which, allowing for a degree of safety, present no hazard to human health or the environment. Air Pollutant - Any substance emitted to the atmosphere which causes or has the potential to produce adverse impacts on human health or the environment. Air Toxic - A toxic air pollutant defined as any potentially health-hazardous substance other than sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, ozone, inhalable particulates, and lead.
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Ambient Air - The portion of the atmosphere external to defined industrial areas (facility plot limits). Area Source - A two-dimensional emission source that releases pollutants, such as a storage pile, slag dump, or wastewater lagoon. Averages (as applied to the interpretation of air dispersion modeling predictive results) 1-Hour Average - the smallest discrete concentration averaging period used to determine the other concentration averages such as 8-hour, 24-hour, and 1-year. 8-Hour Average - computed as a running 8-hour average; any exceedances will be determined based on running CO averages which do not overlap (do not share the same hours). Note that this standard only applies to carbon monoxide. 24-Hour Average - computed as the daily average only and not as a running 24-hour average. Annual Average - computed on a non-running 12-month Gregorian calendar. Background Concentration - The ambient pollutant concentration caused by a) natural sources; b) nearby sources other than the ones currently under consideration; and c) unidentified sources. Baseline Concentration - The sum of the background concentration plus one or two standard deviations of the 1-hour average dataset used (refer to Appendix III for specific details). Mean and standard deviation values are derived from actual AMMNET air quality monitoring data. Best Available Control Technology (BACT) - The best available pollution control technology (with field-proven reliability) for new or modified facilities. Best Available Retrofit Technology (BART) - The best available pollution control technology (with field-proven reliability) for existing facilities. Burn Pit - Any ground-level combustion area that is designed to burn off liquid and/or gas flows caused by emergencies that exceed the capacity of the primary smokeless flaring system. Calms - A term used in air dispersion modeling to indicate wind speeds of less than 1.0 meters per second. Claus Sulfur Recovery Plant - A process unit which recovers sulfur from hydrogen sulfide by a vapor-phase catalytic reaction of sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide.
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Coke Burn-Off - The carbonaceous solid (containing primarily carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, and heavy metals) that is removed from the surface of the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit catalyst by combustion in the catalyst regenerator. Continuous Emission Monitoring (CEM) - The system(s) which are used to sample, condition, and analyze in-stack gas streams, and provide a permanent record of emissions or process parameters. Criteria Pollutant - An air pollutant for which an air quality standard has been established by the Saudi Arabian government based on specific health criteria. These pollutants include sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, ozone, particulate matter (less than 10 microns in diameter or PM-10), hydrogen sulfide, and fluoride. For Royal Commission areas, they also include lead, ammonia, and chlorine. Downwash - The effect of turbulence from buildings and other structures on the laminar dispersive flow of stack emissions. Emission Standard - The maximum amount of a specified pollutant permitted in airborne discharges. Exceedance - A Ground Level Concentration (GLC) value greater than the limit specified by the government. Facility - Any installation or industrial activity which is expected to be a source of pollution or cause an adverse environmental impact. Fuel Gas - Any gas which is generated at a Saudi Aramco facility which is used to sustain a combustion process to generate power, steam, or additional heat for other processes. Fuel gas includes natural gas that is combined and combusted in any proportion with another gas generated at a Saudi Aramco facility. Fugitive Emissions (Non-Point) - Emissions to the atmosphere from such sources as pumps, valves, flanges, seals, and other process points not vented directly through a stack. This also includes emissions from area sources such as settling ponds, wastewater lagoons, landfills, cooling towers, sulfur stockpiles, Materials Supply Organization (MSO) stockpiles, Reclamation Chemical Storage & Handling Facilities (RCSHF), and other stockpiles. Good Engineering Practice (GEP) - The stack height below which emissions from the source are subject to the influence of aerodynamic downwash due to the presence of nearby buildings or other structures. The GEP stack height is equal to the height of the nearby structure plus 1.5L, where L is the lesser dimension of the height or width of the nearby structure(s).
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Ground Level Concentration (GLC) - The sum of the baseline concentrations and the predicted modeled results, given in parts per million and equivalent micrograms per cubic meter referenced to standard temperature and pressure (STP) conditions. Ground-Level Flare - Any flaring system that is designed to continuously combust excess gases at ground level, inside or outside of a burnpit area. Ground-level flares can be configured as a combination of horizontal or vertical, multi-jet, multi-tip, or multistage type flares. Halons - A class of regulated fire suppressants that has been shown to contribute to ozone depletion in the upper levels of the atmosphere. Industrial Area - The area within the recognized border limits of a facility from which the public is restricted. Inhalable Particulates (IP) - Any particle dispersed to the atmosphere in solid or liquid form which has an aerodynamic diameter of 10 microns or less (Note: The government definition is 15 microns or less; however, the internationally recognized cut-off size for IP is 10 microns). Insolation - The rate of delivery of all direct solar energy per unit of horizontal surface, measured as solar radiation. Isopleth - In modeling, a continuous line (or contour) drawn on a map which connects locations having equal ground-level concentrations. Major Modification of a Facility - A physical change in, or change in the method of operating an existing facility which increases the amount of any air pollutant emitted into the atmosphere by that facility and/or which results in the emission of any air pollutant into the atmosphere not previously emitted. MEPA / Royal Commission Limit - The 1-hour, 8-hour, 24-hour, or 12-month (annual or yearly) GLC for the specified pollutant. MEPA / Royal Commission Standard - The allowable number of exceedances within a specified measurement period for the pollutant. Mixing Height - The depth through which atmospheric pollutants are typically mixed by dispersive processes. Mobile Source - Any emission sources related to vehicular activities such as automobiles, trucks, construction equipment, etc. New Facility - A facility which receives Project Proposal approval after the issuance date of this standard.
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Opacity - The degree to which emissions reduce the transmission of light and obscure the view of an object in the background. Also, the percent of opaqueness of the exhaust gas of a stack or flare. The higher the opacity number, the darker the exhaust gas. Opacity measurement techniques are specified in USEPA Method 9. Particulate Matter - Any finely divided solid or liquid material, other than uncombined water, as measured by the applicable testing method. Pasquill Stability Category - A six-category classification of atmospheric stability in which the heating or cooling of the surface is used to establish a net radiation index which, in turn, is tabulated against wind speed to form a table of comparable mixing categories. The categories range from A to F with A representing very unstable conditions, F representing very stable conditions, and D representing neutral stability of the atmosphere. Photochemical Oxidants - Compounds produced in the atmosphere from the chemical activity of oxides of nitrogen and volatile organic compounds under intense ultraviolet (UV) radiation, measured as ozone. Point Source - An emission source that releases pollutants from a limited opening, such as a stack or vent. Process Gas - Any gas produced by a Saudi Aramco facility except fuel gas or process upset gas. Process Upset - Any operating situation which causes a significant change in product quality, process effluents, or mode of operation. Examples include situations resulting from an initial process start-up, shut-down, or deviation from normal operations such as a sudden and unavoidable malfunction or failure of air pollution control equipment or process equipment. Process upsets that are caused entirely, or in part, by poor maintenance, careless operation, or otherwise preventable breakdown shall not be considered unavoidable. Receptor - For modeling purposes, any physical location that is impacted by releases of air pollutants. A sensitive receptor is any physical location outside of the industrial area which may receive adverse impacts from the emission(s) being modeled. EED is responsible for defining receptor grids and locations. Receptors located in remote areas shall be handled on a case-by-case basis with respect to assessing ambient air quality impacts. Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu - The jurisdictional authority which administers activities within the Madinat Jubail Al-Sinaiyah and Madinat Yanbu Al-Sinaiyah areas.
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Sigma Theta () - The standard deviation of the horizontal wind direction over a 1-hour period, in degrees. A value used to determine the stability classification of the atmosphere. Smokeless Flare - Any elevated or ground-level flaring system that is designed to continuously combust excess gases without exceeding the visible emission standard of 20% opacity during routine continuous operation. Routine, continuous operation of a flare system does not include startups, shutdowns, malfunctions and emergency relief, or other unplanned upsets. Source Emission Standards - the maximum amount of a particular pollutant that can be discharged from a source. Source emission limits are used to limit adverse ambient air quality impacts. Source emission standards are given for specific pollutants and specific sources and can specify technologies and/or strategies to control the quantity and/or release rate of air pollutants from a facility. Stack - Any specific opening used directly or indirectly for discharging pollutants to the atmosphere. Structure - Referred to as a downwash structure. A building or group of buildings determined to be important in downwash considerations. Structures within 5L of the modeled source (where L is the lesser of the height or width of the structure) are considered to cause downwash effects. Toxic Substance - Any substance which may result in physical distress, discomfort, disability, or death for humans or other fauna, whether by contact, inhalation, or ingestion. Also includes substances that may cause damage to flora. Violation (of a standard) - A number of exceedances greater than the allowable number specified in the standard. For example, five exceedances of the sulfur dioxide 1-hour MEPA limit within any 30-day period (i.e., Julian Day 1-30, 2-31, 3-32, etc.) constitutes one violation of the MEPA standard for sulfur dioxide for that period. All predicted (modeled) results must include the established baseline concentration values before a determination can be made as to whether an exceedance/violation has occurred. Volatile Organic Compounds - Any organic compound which participates in atmospheric photochemical reactions. Volume Source - An emission source that releases pollutants from a three-dimensional source such as a building, multiple vents, conveyor belts, or fugitive emissions from a chemical processing plant or refinery.
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Worst-Case - With respect to air dispersion modeling, the highest ambient pollutant concentrations based on actual meteorological data collected over a specified period of time, generally five years or more; with respect to process operations, operational conditions that produce the greatest atmospheric emission rates. 6.2 Abbreviations and Acronyms AAQS - Ambient air quality standard AMMNET - Air Quality Monitoring and Meteorology Network BACT - Best available control technology BART - Best available retrofit technology Btu - British thermal unit CFC - Chlorofluorocarbons dscf - Dry standard cubic foot dscm - Dry standard cubic meter FCC - Fluidized-bed catalytic cracking GEP - Good Engineering Practice GLC - Ground-level concentration HCFC - Hydrogenated chlorofluorocarbons IP - Inhalable particulates LDAR - Leak detection and repair program LHV - Lower heating value; also called net heating value LLW - Low-level radioactive waste MBtu - Million British thermal units MEPA - The Meteorology and Environmental Protection Administration of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia MSL - Mean sea level
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m.t. - Metric tonne, equal to 1,000 kilograms mg/m3 - Milligrams per cubic meter of air mps - Units for wind speed in meters per second MSDS - Manufacturers Material Safety Data Sheet NMHC - Non-methane hydrocarbons, normally measured as propane PCDD - Polychlorinated dibenzo dioxin PCDF - Polychlorinated dibenzo furan PM10 - Particulate matter less than 10 microns in diameter (same as IP) POHC - Principal organic hazardous compound ppm - Parts per million, by volume RVP - Reid vapor pressure scf - Standard cubic foot scm - Standard cubic meter STP - Standard temperature and pressure conditions of 25C (298K) and 1 standard atmosphere (760 mm Hg) TSP - Total suspended particulates less than 100 microns in diameter TVP - True vapor pressure US EPA - United States Environmental Protection Agency UTM - Universal Transverse Mercator Coordinate System VOC - Volatile organic compounds g/m3 - Micrograms per cubic meter of ambient air
Revision Summary Editorial revision to convert document to new format.
1 December, 1996
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APPENDIX I - ENGINEERING APPROVAL FORMS PRELIMINARY AIR QUALITY ENGINEERING APPROVAL FORM Applicant must attach a Preliminary AQ Engineering Report (PAQER) as required by Paragraph 4.2.2 of SAES-A-102, Ambient Air Quality and Source Emission Standards. The report shall contain a list of the proposed new or modified emission sources. Project Name: Plant Location: Address: Submitted by: Title: Date: Phone:
_______ _______
Detailed AQ Engineering Report not required. Required to submit a Detailed AQ Engineering Report (Paragraph 4.2.3 of SAES-A-102) and to conduct air dispersion modeling for the following pollutants:
_______
For major modifications or upgrade projects, the following additional controls are needed to bring the facility into compliance with applicable air quality standards (e.g., those standards in effect when the facility was built).
Date: Chief Environmental Engineer

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DETAILED AIR QUALITY ENGINEERING APPROVAL FORM Applicant must attach a Detailed AQ Engineering Report (DAQER) as required by Paragraph 4.2.3 of SAES-A-102, Ambient Air Quality and Source Emission Standards. The Detailed Engineering Report shall describe any changes that have been made since the Preliminary AQ Engineering Report was submitted and shall contain the final project design with air emission control system plans. Project Name: Plant Location: Address: Submitted by: Title: Date: Phone:
________ ________ ________
Approval of Detailed AQ Engineering Report Submit additional information (see attached). Re-submit a revised Detailed AQ Engineering Report with changes/additions/alternatives (see attached).
Date: Chief Environmental Engineer
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APPENDIX II - REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DETAILED AQ ENGINEERING REPORT The following items shall be included in the Detailed AQ Engineering Report by the SAPMT and its contractors: 1. A completed copy of the Detailed AQ Engineering Approval Form. 2. A site description, including: Maps showing the area(s) to be modeled Existing and proposed facility emission sources Locations of other significant sources that emit the same pollutants within 50 km The receptors considered to be most sensitive with respect to ambient air quality impacts (for example, hospitals, schools or nurseries, elderly housing, etc.) Elevations of the surrounding terrain, where applicable The location and dimensions of any significant obstacles, such as buildings or hills, which could affect dispersion of the air pollutants under study An estimate of the significant population groups within 50 km of the facility (including local residents, facility employees, and other workers), along with the approximate locations of these groups
3. Process flow diagram(s) showing existing facilities and proposed changes, additions, or modifications. 4. An air emissions inventory which includes the following information: a. A list of all emission sources, both existing and proposed, for each pollutant listed in Table 1, Table 2, and Table 5. Refer to Table 4 for examples of various emission sources found at Saudi Aramco. For each emission source, include the following source characteristics: Type of source Location (in UTM coordinates) Height of stack, flare, area source or volume source Grade level above mean sea level (MSL) Stack exit diameter (in meters) Exit velocity (in meters/sec) Exit temperature (in degrees Kelvin) Size of the area source or volume source Megawatt rating and maximum rated heat input in J/hr (MBtu/hr) Pollutant emission rating in ng/J heat input (lbs/MBtu heat input)
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For each emission source, also include the following associated parameters, where applicable:
Steam generation in kg/hr (lbs/hr) Type and composition of fuel Boiler type Hours of operation Percent load based on seasonal variability
Fuel consumption Percent excess air Type of firing Capacity factor Emission control equipment specifications (actual and design efficiency or recovery rates, etc.)
b. An estimate of the emission rates and quantities (from existing and proposed sources) of each pollutant listed in Table 1, Table 2 and Table 5. This shall include: Emission rates (in g/sec and m.t./yr) for each pollutant based on maximum design as well as projected normal operating conditions. Maximum allowable emission rates (in g/sec and m.t./yr) for each pollutant based on the appropriate source emission standard found in Table 3.
Refer to the worksheets in Tables 6-13 for guidance in estimating emissions for point sources, fugitive emission sources, bulk loading plants and product transfer operations, and storage tanks. Meteorology data (i.e., wind speed, wind direction, insolation, temperature, and dew point/humidity) used in calculating fugitive emissions shall be supplied or approved by the Chief Environmental Engineer. The quantities of each pollutant emitted shall be based on one or more of the following methods, and the method(s) used shall be stated in the inventory: Emission factors based on the USEPA AP-42, API, or other recognized industry source(s). Measurements obtained by stack testing (see Appendix V for approved methods) or process gas sampling, providing the sample analyses are quality-assured by a laboratory acceptable to the Chief Environmental Engineer with concurrence of the Laboratory Research & Development Center. Process-related engineering calculations. The Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission (TNRCC) Air Quality Modeling Guidelines when estimating and modeling emissions from a flare.
5. Technical details of the proposed system(s) to control and/or minimize fugitive emissions. See Paragraph 4.3.10 for specific requirements concerning the leak detection and repair (LDAR) program. 6. The control systems or strategies that will be employed to reduce or eliminate emissions. Supporting data shall be provided to show how these systems will meet the source emission and ambient air quality standards. The methods and techniques that will be used to assess compliance with the standards shall also be identified. 7. Identification of the most favorable locations for new emission sources, in order to reduce or eliminate air quality-related impacts.
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8. Air dispersion modeling results, if a modeling requirement was noted on the Preliminary AQ Engineering Approval Form. The Environmental Engineering Division has the responsibility for the technical review and approval of any air dispersion modeling study conducted by a Saudi Aramco Project Management Team and its contractors. See Appendix III for specific modeling requirements. 9. Details pertaining to the performance test required by Paragraph 5 of this standard, including the type of test, how it will be conducted, and the responsible party or parties.
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TABLE 4 - POTENTIAL EMISSION SOURCES PRODUCTION

OIL PRODUCTION PROCESSES Gas, Oil, and Water Separation Skimming Emulsion Breaking Crude Oil Storage Tanks Pipeline Operations GAS PRODUCTION PROCESSES Gas Dehydration Gas Compression Acid Gas Removal Sulfur Recovery Product Separation and Storage Pipeline Operations PETROLEUM TREATING PROCESSES Hydrodesulfurization Hydrotreating Chemical Sweetening Acid Gas Removal Deasphalting
REFINING / PROCESSING
SEPARATION PROCESSES Atmospheric Distillation Vacuum Distillation (column condensers) Light Ends Recovery (gas processing) PETROLEUM CONVERSION PROCESSES Fluid Cracking (thermal and catalytic) Reforming Alkylation Polymerization Isomerization Fluid Coking and Petroleum Calcining Flashing and Visbreaking
FEEDSTOCK & PRODUCT HANDLING OPERATIONS

Storage Blending Loading Unloading Sulfur Stockpiles MSO Stockpiles RCSHF Stockpiles
AUXILIARY FACILITIES
Boilers and Process Heaters Turbines and Compressors Industrial and Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plants Hydrogen Production Sulfur Recovery Plants Cooling Towers Blowdown Systems (with vapor recovery and flaring)
MISCELLANEOUS FUGITIVE EMISSIONS

Process Drains Cooling Towers Pipeline Valves/Flanges Vessel Relief and Open-Ended Valves Pump Seals without Controls Mobile Sources Landfills
TRANSPORTATION AND MARKETING

Terminal Storage Tanks Bulk Loading/Tanker Truck Operations Fuel Combustion Emissions Marine Terminals (Loading/ Unloading/Ballasting Operations)
MISCELLANEOUS EMISSION SOURCES

Flares and Burn Pits Sludge Converters Incinerators Vapor Degreasers, Spray Paint Booths, Abrasive Blasting, etc. Laboratory Exhausts API Separators Wastewater Lagoons
WASTE PRODUCT HANDLING AND STORAGE SOURCES

Ponds, Piles and Pits Tank Sludge Weathering Areas Filter Cartridge Storage/Handling Spent Catalyst Storage/Handling
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TABLE 5 - NON-CRITERIA POLLUTANT TYPES AND CATEGORIES Nitrous Oxide (N2O) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) Hydrogenated Chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) Halons Aliphatic and Cyclic Hydrocarbons: Saturated/Unsaturated Compounds Halides Tetraethyl Lead Sulfur Compounds: Alkyl Disulfides Carbon Disulfide Carbonyl Sulfide Mercaptans Methyl Mercaptan Organic Sulfur Compounds (including Sulfonates and Sulfones) Thiophenols Thiophenes Thiosulfide Oxygenated Organic Compounds: Acetaldehyde Acetic Acid Aldehydes Cresylic Acid Dioxins Formaldehyde Formic Acid Ketones Maleic Anhydride Methyl Ethyl Ketone Alcohols Alpha-Beta Unsaturated Carbonyls Carboxylic Acids Esters Radionuclides Aromatic Compounds: Benzene Benzoic Acid Coke Oven Emissions Cresol Phenols Phthalates Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) Polycyclic Organic Matter (POM) Polynuclear Compounds (including benzopyrene and anthracene) Toluene Xylene Xylenols Nitrogen Heterocyclic and Ammonium-Based Compounds: Ammonia Amines Aromatic Amines Diethylamine Methylethylamine Nitroaromatics Pyridines Inorganic Compounds: Antimony Arsenic Barium Beryllium Cadmium Chlorides Chromates Chromium Cobalt Cobalt Carbonyl Copper Cyanides Fluorides Inorganic Sulfides Lead Manganese Mercury Molybdenum Nickel Nickel Carbonyl Sulfuric Acid Vanadium Zinc
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TABLE 6 - POINT SOURCE EMISSIONS ESTIMATION WORKSHEET POINT SOURCE EMISSIONS ESTIMATION WORKSHEET Emission Source Description: _________________________ Date: ______________________ Emission Source Identification Number: _________________ Contact Name: ______________ Location: _________________________ Coordinates (UTM): ________________________
Pollutant(s) Emitted Sulfur Oxides (SO 2) Hydrogen Sulfide (H 2S) Nitrogen Oxides (NO 2) Carbon Monoxide (CO) Hydrocarbons (HC) (as CH 4) Particulate Matter (PM) Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) Basis 1. of Pollutant Emissions Estimation:
Peak Hour of Operation Exhaust Emission Flow Rate Release Rate (scm/hr) (g/sec) (kg/hr) Average for Year Exhaust Emission Flow Rate Release Rate (SCM/hr) (kg/hr) (mt/hr)
AP-42 / Process Calculations / Other Method (Specify for each Pollutant) SO2: __________ H 2S: __________ NO 2: __________ CO: _________ HC: __________ VOC: __________ PM: __________ Fuel Gas Parameters: Type: _____________ LHV: ________(J/dscm) or _______(Btu/dscf) Composition (Vol. %): CO 2 _____ H 2S:_____ C1:_____ C2:_____ C3:_____ C4:_____ C5:_____ C6:_____ C7:_____ N2:_____ Emission Factors for Fuel Gas Combustion: (if using AP-42): SO2: _____(ng/J) HC: ________(ng/J) NO2 :______(ng/J) or ______(lb/MBtu) or ________(lb/MBtu) or _______(lb/MBtu) H2S:______(ng/J) PM ________(ng/J) CO: _______(ng/J) or ______(lb/MBtu) or ________(lb/MBtu) or _______(lb/MBtu) VOC:_____(ng/J) or ______(lb/MBtu) Fuel Oil Parameters: Type/Product Specification Code (circle one): Diesel (A-888) / Bunker Fuel Oil (A-892) / Fuel Oil (A-960) Sulfur, wt. %: _________ Ash, wt. %: __________
2.
3.
4.
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TABLE 7 - FUGITIVE EMISSIONS ESTIMATION WORKSHEET FUGITIVE EMISSIONS ESTIMATION WORKSHEET

Pollutant(s) (check type) : VOC ______ SO 2 ______ H 2S _______ Other Pollutant (specify) ______________ Facility:___________________Location: _____________________ Coordinates (UTM): ____________________________ Unit Name, if applicable:
NUMBER OF COMPRESSORS IN GAS/VAPOR SERVICE Items per Number of Source Compressor Items Item (Note 1) (Note 2) Valves Flanges Compressor Seals Depressure/Relief Valves Open-Ended Lines NUMBER OF PUMPS IN LIGHT LIQUID SERVICES Items per Number of Source Pump Items Item (Note 1) (Note 2) Valves Flanges Pump Seals Open-Ended Lines NUMBER OF PUMPS IN HEAVY LIQUID SERVICE Items per Number of Source Pump Items Item (Note 1) (Note 2) Valves Flanges Pump Seals Open-Ended Lines Miscellaneous Source Item (Specify) Number of Items Depressure/Relief Valves on Vessels Emission Factor, kg/hr (Note 3)
Note: Use a separate worksheet for each type of pollutant emitted

Total Emission Rate g/s kg/hr mt/yr
Emission Factor, kg/hr (Note 3)
Emission Factor, kg/hr (Note 3)
Emission Factor, kg/hr.
g/s
Total Emission Rate kg/hr mt/yr
TOTAL FUGITIVE EMISSIONS RELEASE RATE:

Notes: 1. For VOCs, component estimation factors taken from Guidance for Estimating Fugitive Emissions from Equipment, by Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA). 2. Number of Items = Number of compressors or pumps times number of items per compressor or pump. 3. Emission factors from Compilation of Air Pollution Emission Factors, AP-42 USEPA. Note that this source includes API factors.
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TABLE 8 - BULK LOADING AND PRODUCT TRANSFER FACILITY EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS ESTIMATION WORKSHEET BULK LOADING AND PRODUCT TRANSFER FACILITY EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS ESTIMATION WORKSHEET
BULKING LOADING OPERATIONS STORAGE TANKS (All Types) Loading/Unloading of Product from Storage Tanks Operations Breathing Losses of Storage Tanks EMISSION RATE
mg/L Throughput
kg/ML Throughput
Yearly throughput, Q = _______ ML/yr Product Transfer Operations Source Vehicle Refueling Operations Displacement Losses (uncontrolled) Spillage General Losses from Fueling Operations Total Product Transfer Losses Input the following parameters: 1. Number of Vehicles: 2. Average Vehicle Usage: 3. Average Vehicle Fuel Efficiency: Pollutant Emission Factor, (g/km) Total Vehicle Kilometers/ Year Annual Average lb/yr kg/yr
N = ________ (dimensionless) U = ________ km/year/vehicle E = ________ km/liter One Hour Peak Flow (g/s) (kg/hr) Annual Average (kg/yr) (m.t./yr)
Carbon
Monoxides (CO)
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) Nitrogen Oxides (as NO2)
Reference for emission factors is US EPA Publication AP-42.
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TABLE 9 - STORAGE TANK PRODUCT CONTENT SUMMARY WORKSHEET STORAGE TANK PRODUCT CONTENT SUMMARY WORKSHEET
Source Information Facility:_____________________________________ Location:____________________________________ Identification No.:____________________________ Company Contact:____________________________ General Comments:_______________________ ________ _______________________________________________ _ _______________________________________________ _ _______________________________________________ _ _______________________________________________ _
Chemical Category of Liquid: Single or Multi-Component Liquid: Speciation Option (only for Multi or Partial): Chemical Name: CAS No.*: Average Liquid Surface Temp.: _______ oC or _______oF Vapor Pressure at Liquid Surface Temp.: _________ psia or ________ kPa Mixture Name: Avg. Liquid Surface Temp.: _______oC or _______oF Minimum Liquid Surface Temp.: _______oC or _______oF Maximum Liquid Surface Temp.: _______oC or _______oF Vapor Pressure: ________ psia or ________ kPa Minimum Vapor Pressure: ________ psia or ________ kPa Maximum Vapor Pressure: ________psia or ________ kPa Liquid Molecular Weight: ________________ Vapor Molecular Weight: ________________ PARTIAL/FULL SPECIATION OPTION Storage Tank Contents - Chemical Components Average Liquid Chemical Percent of Total Molecular Surface Temp Liquid Weight Weight o o C F
Vapor Pressure at Average Liquid Surface Temp. psia kPa
CHEMICAL MIXTURES FOR EXISTING STORAGE TANK Mixture Name:_____________________________________________________________________________ ___________ Active Months: Turnovers (gal.) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
* CAS No. = Chemical Abstracts Service Registry number.

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TABLE 10 - STORAGE TANK PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS SUMMARY WORKSHEET STORAGE TANK PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS SUMMARY WORKSHEET
I. II. Company Contact: Facility Location: Tank Properties Note: Submit One Form for Each Tank 1. Location (Indicate on plot plan or provide coordinates):________________________________________________ 2. Tank No.:________________ 3. Emission Point_________________________________ 4. Nominal Capacity:______________bbls or______________gals or___________________m3 Diameter: _______ m Height or Length: _________ m 5. Dimensions: 6. Color: Chalking White Aluminum Dark Color or No Paint Light gray or blue Other (Describe)_________________ _________ Relocated Change of Service External Floating Horizontal
7. Status: 8. Type:
New Tank Fixed Roof Open Top Heated/Cooled
Altered Tank
Pressure Insulated Underground Internal Floating (Temp.:______C or _______oF)
9. For Floating Roof Tanks, please supply the following data: a. Type of Roof: Double Deck Pontoon b. Roof Color c. Shell Construction d. Seals: Primary: Secondary: 10. Vent Valve Data Vent Valve Data Chalking White Aluminum
Other (Describe)_________________ ________ Other (Describe)_________________ ________ Other (Describe)_________________ ________
Riveted
Welded
Mechanical Shoe Liquid-Mounted Vapor-Mounted Other (Describe)___________________________________________________________ Shoe-Mounted Rim-Mounted Weather Shield None Other (Describe)________________________________________________ Number Pressure Setting Vacuum Setting Discharging to:
Atmosphere Control
Combination Vent Valve Pressure Vent Valve Vacuum Vent Valve Open Vent III. Properties of Stored Material (If tank is to hold several different materials or mixtures, attach appropriate information.) 1. Material to be stored in this tank:___________________________________________________________________ Page 39 of 56
Document Responsibility: Environmental Issue Date: 30 June, 1997 Next Planned Update: 1 December, 1997 Standard 2.
IV.
Liquid density at average annual bulk storage temperature:_________lbs/gal or __________kg/m3 or _________oAPI 3. Average vapor molecular weight:_________________ 4. Vapor pressure @ average annual bulk storage temperature:_________kPa @ ________oC or ________lbs.Reid 5. Vapor pressure @ maximum bulk storage temperature:_____________kPa @ ________oC or ________lbs Reid 6. Initial boiling point:_________oC 7. If material stored is a solution, supply the following information: a. Name of solvent:_________________________ b. Partial pressure of solvent:___________________kPa c. Name of solute:__________________________ d. Partial pressure of solute:____________________kPa e. Concentration of solute:______________wt% or _______________vol % or _____________________kg/m3 Operating Data 1. Maximum filling rate: ____________bbls/hr or ____________gal/hr or _____________m3/hr 2. Average Outage (average distance from top of tank shell to liquid surface): ____________m 3. Tank turnovers per year: ______________________(Use zero [0] if constant level tank.)
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TABLE 11 - FIXED ROOF TANK (FRT) EMISSIONS ESTIMATION WORKSHEET FIXED ROOF TANK (FRT) EMISSIONS ESTIMATION WORKSHEET
Source Information Fixed Roof Type (check type): Vertical __________ Horizontal __________ Identification No. ____________________________ _ Location: ____________________________ _______ Company Contact: ____________________________ General Comments: __________________________________________ __ __________________________________________ __ __________________________________________ __ __________________________________________ __ __________________________________________ __ __________________________________________ __
General Dimensions for Both Types Shell Height (m): Diameter (m): Max. Liquid Height (m): Avg. Liquid Height (m): Working Volume (m3): No. of Turnovers/Year: Net Throughput (m3/yr): Shell Characteristics for Both Types Shell Color/Shade: Shell Condition: Breather Vent Settings for Both Types Vacuum Setting: psig (or cm. water) Breather Vent Diameter: m Pressure Setting: _____psig (or _____cm water)
Characteristics for Vertical Type Only Roof Color/Shade: Condition: Type of Roof (check type): Dome Height (m): If Dome Roof Type, Radius (m): If Cone Roof Type, Slope (m/m): Is Tank Pressurized ? (Y/N):
Cone
Characteristics for Horizontal Type Only Is Tank Underground? (Y/N):
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TABLE 12 - EXTERNAL FLOATING ROOF (EFRT) TANK EMISSIONS ESTIMATION WORKSHEET EXTERNAL FLOATING ROOF TANK (EFRT) EMISSIONS ESTIMATION WORKSHEET
Source Information Identification No: Location: Company Contact: Tank Characteristics Diameter (m): Shell Condition: Tank Volume (m 3): Paint Color/Shade: Turnovers/Year: Paint Condition: Roof Characteristics Roof Type: Fitting Category: Tank Construction & Rim-Seal System Tank Construction: Primary Seal (check one): Mechanical Shoe Liquid - Mounted Vapor - Mounted Secondary Seal (check one): Riveted Tank (check one) Rim - Mounted Shoe - Mounted None Welded Tank (Mechanical Shoe Primary Seal) (check one): Rim - Mounted Shoe - Mounted None Welded Tank (Resilient-Filled Seals) (check one): Weather Shield Rim - Mounted None EXTERNAL FLOATING ROOF FITTINGS DATA Type of Fitting Status Roof Drain (% closed) Vacuum Breaker Weighted Mech. Actuation; Gasketed Unslotted Guide-Pole Well Gasketed Sliding Cover Roof Leg U stable, Double-deck Roof Rim Vent Weighted Mech. Actuation; Gasketed General Comments:
Quantity
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TABLE 13 - INTERNAL FLOATING ROOF (IFRT) TANK EMISSIONS ESTIMATION WORKSHEET INTERNAL FLOATING ROOF TANK (IFRT) EMISSIONS ESTIMATION WORKSHEET
Source Information Identification No: Location: Company Contact: Tank Characteristics Diameter (m): Tank Volume (m 3): Turnovers/Year: Self-Supporting Roof? (Y/N): No. of Columns: Column Diameter (m): Rim-Seal System Primary Seal (check one):
Roof Characteristics Shell Condition: Shell Color/Shade: Shell Paint Condition: Roof Color/Shade: Roof Paint Condition:
General Comments
Liquid - Mounted Vapor - Mounted
Secondary Seal? (Y/N): Deck Characteristics Deck Type: Bolted (if bolted deck type, please supply seam length) Continuous Sheet (5 ft. wide) Rectangular Panel (5 x 12 ft.) Continuous Sheet (7 ft. wide) Rectangular Panel (5 x 7.5 ft.) Continuous Sheet (6 ft. wide) Welded Deck Fitting Category: Typical Controlled Detail INTERNAL FLOATING ROOF DECK FITTINGS DATA Type of Fitting Status Quantity Vacuum Breaker Weighted Mech. Actuation; Gasketed Sample Pipe or Well Slit Fabric Seal (% open) Roof Leg or Hanger Well U stable Ladder Well Sliding Cover, Gasketed Column Well Built-Up Column-Sliding Cover,Gasketed
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References for Appendix II Storage Tank Emissions Model (TANKS2), U.S. EPA. Evaporative Loss from External Floating-Roof Tanks, American Petroleum Institute (API), Publication 2517, Third Edition, Washington, D.C., February 1989, Addendum May 1994. Evaporative Loss from Fixed-Roof Tanks, American Petroleum Institute (API), Publication 2518, Second Edition, Washington, D.C., October 1991. Evaporative Loss from Internal Floating-Roof Tanks, American Petroleum Institute (API), Publication 2519, Third Edition, Washington, D.C., June 1983. Venting Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Storage Tanks (Non-Refrigerated and Refrigerated), American Petroleum Institute (API), Standard 2000, Third Edition, Washington, D.C, December 1987, Addendum May 1994. Guidance for Estimating Fugitive Emissions from Equipment, Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA).
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APPENDIX III - AIR DISPERSION MODELING REQUIREMENTS General Air dispersion modeling shall be required for each new project determined by the Chief Environmental Engineer to have significant potential for air emission impacts, as indicated on the Preliminary AQ Engineering Approval Form (Appendix I). The modeling results shall be submitted with the Detailed AQ Engineering Report (Appendix II). The Environmental Engineering Division shall have the responsibility for the technical review and approval of any air dispersion modeling study conducted by a Saudi Aramco Project Management Team and its contractors. The final air dispersion modeling report shall include the following: a. Summaries of the highest, second-highest, and third-highest predicted ground-level concentrations (GLC) for each pollutant with location coordinates and corresponding date/hour for these values. All GLCs shall be expressed in micrograms per cubic meter (g/m3) and equivalent parts per million (ppm). A conversion formula can be found in Appendix IV. b. Predicted GLC isopleths superimposed on a current area map of the facility and its environs, showing all emission sources and identified sensitive receptors. c. Summaries of all point and fugitive emission source data. d. All source emission inventory data used in the modeling. Table 17 shall be used to record emission-related data for each source modeled. Air dispersion models shall be the latest versions of the following software available from the U.S. EPA [see Industrial Source Complex (ISC) Dispersion Model Users Guide] or acceptable vendorenhanced versions, which have been approved by the Chief Environmental Engineer: U.S. EPA ISCST is the short-term model (1-hour, 8-hour, and 24-hour averaging periods). U.S. EPA ISCLT is the long-term model (12-month averaging period).
Table 13 shows the required input and output data components of the modeling study.
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TABLE 14 - AIR DISPERSION MODELING PARAMETERS INPUT PARAMETERS Hourly Source Emission Topographical AMMNET Baseline Meteorological Data Data Data Data Stacks Wind Speed Background Mean Source Height Wind Direction Pollutant Type Concentration (plus Source Elevation Temperature Emission Rate Standard Deviation) Source Location Solar Radiation Volume Flow Rate 1-Hour Receptor Elevation Horizontal Sigma Exit Gas Velocity 8-Hour Receptor Location Atmospheric Pressure Stack Height 24-Hour Stability Class Stack Diameter Annual Mixing Height Exit Gas Temperature Emission Control Efficiency Emission Output Variability Flares Gas Stream Composition Avg. Mol. Wt. of Mixture Burned, by Volume Effective Diameter (see Appendix IV for calculation) Exit Velocity Volume Flow Rate Height PREDICTED OUTPUT RESULTS Highest / 2nd Highest / 3rd Highest Average Annual Averages 1-Hour Concentration Contour Maps (Isopleths) 8-Hour 24-Hour Input Parameters [Note: Where this section does not address specific modeling input requirements, the model shall adhere to the procedures set forth in the U.S. EPA document Guidelines on Air Quality Models] Before an air dispersion modeling study is conducted, the Chief Environmental Engineer shall review and approve, within 15 business days of submittal, the following details: a. b. c. d. Meteorological data Baseline ambient air quality levels Modeling assumptions Input modeling parameters
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e. Sensitive receptors Input modeling parameters shall include but not be limited to the following: a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. Selection of emission sources Type of modeling grid and receptors selected Any sensitive discrete receptors selected, as directed by EED Wind speed profile exponents and temperature gradients Source and number of years of meteorological data Use of rural or urban conditions Treatment of calms Use of downwash calculations where applicable Use of seasonal emission variability Type of report outputs
For modeling purposes, the maximum design load conditions shall be used to predict worst-case short-term ambient air quality impacts of 1-hour and 24-hour duration. Anticipated normal operating conditions shall be used for assessing long-term impacts (annual or longer periods). Process upsets shall not be considered part of routine worst-case conditions unless, for example, flaring is the normal and continuous method of disposing of excess products or wastes at the facility. Additionally, stacks which are over 91.4 meters (300 feet) in height shall be modeled using a maximum height of 91.4 meters. Where possible, modeling results shall be based on actual meteorological data collected over a fiveyear period. The data shall include hourly mixing heights and atmospheric stability classes for all years selected. Refer to Appendix IV for further details on the determination of the required mixing heights and stability classifications at select locations. EED shall be responsible for either providing the hourly data for the modeling or the technical guidance to the PMT for conducting a proper modeling study. [Note: Where there are missing hours in the meteorological data to be used for the model, one of two U.S. EPA recommended options shall be applied to the missing data. The first option is to fill in the missing data with extrapolation techniques as outlined in the referenced U.S. EPA documents "Guideline on Air Quality Models" and "On-Site Meteorological Program Guidance for Regulatory Modeling Applications." This first option replaces any hourly calms (< 1.0 mps) with 1 mps wind speed and the wind direction value for the previous hour. The second option is to delete the entire hour, leaving only the date/time header for the hour in the formatted file so that the model can accept the data as missing.] Modeling results shall include baseline ambient air quality levels that are based on actual background ambient air quality levels collected from the area, preferably those collected by Saudi Aramcos AMMNET program. Where such data are not available, a baseline source emission inventory shall be used to predict existing ambient pollutant levels. Table 14 shall be used to record the baseline pollutant concentration data values. Table 15 shall be used to record the input and output data for the air dispersion modeling study.
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TABLE 15 - BASELINE POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION DATA WORKSHEET SAUDI ARAMCO FACILITY: LOCATION: DATA BASED ON: AMMNET STATION:
POLLUTANT: BACKGROUND MEAN CONC. (g/m3 / ppm) STANDARD DEVIATION (g/m3 / ppm)
YEAR:
BASELINE* BACKGROUND CONC. (g/m3 / ppm)
1-Hour
8-Hour (CO only)
24-Hour
Annual
* Mean + 2 Std. Deviations for 1-Hr. Averaging Period Mean + 1 Std. Deviation for 24-Hr. Averaging Period Mean of Hourly Values only for Annual Averaging Period
Note: Baseline ambient ground-level pollutant concentrations consist of two components: the background ambient concentration mean of the area for the pollutant under study based on AMMNET data and the variability (measured as the standard deviation of the data) of these hourly concentrations due to impacts from other nearby sources. The background mean is increased by one or more standard deviations, depending on the averaging period, to give the baseline ambient concentration which, in turn, is added to the predicted modeled concentrations for the new source(s). In general, baseline values are based on the sum of the mean background hourly concentration average of the pollutant to be modeled plus the appropriate number of standard deviations. In general, two standard deviations are added to the 1-hour, 8-hour, and 24-hour background means and one standard deviation to the annual background means. The baseline value establishes the ambient air quality concentration levels resulting from other existing emission sources in the modeled area. All baseline data used in the modeling study shall be reviewed and approved by the Chief Environmental Engineer.
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TABLE 16 - EMISSION SOURCE MODELING RESULTS WORKSHEET

Project No.: Project Description: Project Manager: Organization: Address: Tel./Fax: Facility Name: Facility Location: Modeler Name: Organization: Div./Unit: Tel./Fax: Air Dispersion Model Used: Version/Serial No.: DATE:
Pollutant:_____________________ MEPA / Royal Commission Standard: _________________________ _ Modeling Case No.: SOURCE EMISSION DATA: MODELING RESULTS: Emission Source Type:_________________________ Emission Source Name:_________________________ Emission Source Identification Number:___________ Source Location (X,Y): X=__________Y=_________ Source Elevation (Above M.S.L.) (m): Stack Height (m): Stack Diameter (m): Stack Gas Exit Temp. (C): Stack Gas Exit Velocity (mps): Stack Gas Volumetric Flow Rate (m3/min): Pollutant Conc. In Stack Gas (ppm): Pollutant Emission Rate (g/s): For SO2, H2S, O3, NO2, and CO Pollutants Max. 1-Hr. Conc.: Location (X,Y): X=_____________Y=____________ 2nd Highest 1-Hr. Conc.: Location (X,Y): X= Y= 3rd Highest 1-Hr. Conc.: Location (X,Y): X= Y= For CO Pollutant Only Max. 8-Hr. Conc.: Location (X,Y): X= 2nd Highest 8-Hr. Conc.: Location (X,Y): X= 3rd Highest 8-Hr. Conc.: Location (X,Y): X= Y= Y= Y=
RECEPTOR DATA: Grid Type: Cartesian: Polar: Receptor Elevation (Above Ground): No. of Receptors:
For SO2, H2S, O3, NO2, and CO Pollutants Max. 24-Hr. Conc.: Location (X,Y): X= 2nd Highest 24-Hr. Conc.: Location (X,Y): X= Y= Y=
METEOROLOGY DATA: AMMNET Station Used: Year(s) Used: ASCII File Format:____________________________ For All Pollutants
Annual Conc.:________________________________ COMMENTS:_____________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _ Page 49 of 56
Page 50 of 56
References for Appendix III Air Quality Modeling Guidelines, Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission (TNRCC), November 1993. Air Quality Monitoring & Meteorology Network (AMMNET) Annual Air Quality Reports, Saudi Aramco Environmental Engineering Division., 1982 through present. Atmospheric Mixing Heights and Stability Classes of the Eastern Province - Final Report, Volume I, Saudi Aramco Report AER-5311, The Research Institute, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, June 1986. Guidelines on Air Quality Models, US EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS), 1986. Industrial Source Complex (ISC) Dispersion Model Users Guide - Volumes I and II, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, N.C. On-Site Meteorological Program Guidance for Regulatory Modeling Applications, U.S. EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standard, Research Triangle Park, N.C., 1987. Storage Tank Emissions Model (TANKS2), U.S. EPA, September 1993.
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APPENDIX IV - FORMULAS 1. Conversion from a Concentration Measured in Weight per Unit Volume to a Volume Ratio: 24.45 Cppm = Cg/m3 where 1000(M. W. ) Cppm = Concentration in parts per million Cg/m3 = Concentration in micrograms/cubic meter, 24.45 = Molar gas volume at STP M.W. = Molecular weight of the gas 2. Calculating the Total Net Heating Value (Ht) of a Gas to be Combusted in a Flare: Ht = K
n i =1
C i (H i ) where
Ht = Net heating value of the gas mix (MJ/SCM) Ci = Concentration of the ith sample gas component, ppm Hi = Net heat of combustion of the ith sample gas component at 25 deg. Celsius and 760 mm Hg. pressure, kcal/g-mole K = 1.74 x 10-7 g-mole MJ/ (ppm SCM kcal) (constant) 3. Calculating the Exit or Tip Velocity Limits of a Flare: a. b. For steam-assisted and non-assisted flares: log10 (Vmax) = (Ht + 28.8) / 31.7, where 28.8 and 31.7 are constants For air-assisted flares: Vmax = 8.706 + 0.7084 (Ht), where 8.706 and 0.7084 are constants
Vmax = tip velocity in m/s, not to exceed a maximum value of 122 m/s Ht = Net heating value of the gas being combusted, MJ/scm
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4.
Determining the Effective Stack Diameter of a Flare for Modeling as a Point Source: Since combustion occurs at or beyond the tip of a flare in the atmosphere, appropriate values for stack exit temperature and velocity cannot be accurately determined. To predict dispersion for flare type sources, the point source algorithm can be used with arbitrary values assigned for stack exit velocity of 20 mps (65.6 ft/sec) and stack exit temperature of 1273K (1000C). A stack height equal to the height of the flare tip is recommended for flares. The effective stack diameter, D, in meters, is determined using the following equations: D= (10 6 q n ) where MW ] and
qn = q [1-0.048
q = gross heat release in cal/sec Note: to convert a heating value in Btu/scf to cal/sec, use the following: [(Btu/scf) x (252 cal/Btu) x (scfm)] / 60 sec/min MW = weighted average molecular weight of the mixture being burned, by volume Note: The diameter of the pipe leading to the flare tip is not considered a factor in determining plume rise. Also note that qn accounts for heat loss due to radiation. Enclosed vapor combustion units shall not be modeled with the above parameters, but with stack parameters which reflect the physical characteristics of the unit. For additional information, contact the Chief Environmental Engineer. 5. Atmospheric Stability and Mixing Height Calculations Unique to Saudi Aramco Facilities These algorithms are based on actual upper atmosphere data collected at several Saudi Aramco facility areas using Doppler radar. The site-specific measurements have been used to determine hourly stability classifications and mixing heights at these particular facility locations. The calculated values were then used as required input for the air dispersion models. 5a. Determination of the Mean Surface Pasquill-Gifford Stability Category of the Mixed Layer Dhahran and Abqaiq Areas: PGSA = 7 - [SDIR [0.0771 - 7.66 x 10-4 (SDIR)] + WIND [-0.220 + 0.0278 (WIND) - 3.04 x 10-4 (SRAD)] + 1.81 x 10-3 (SRAD) + 2.79] Shedgum and Udhailiyah Areas:
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PGSA = 7 - [SRAD [(3.01 X 10-3 - 4.08 X 10-4 (WIND)] + 2.72 X 10-4 (SDIR)(SDIR)+2.98] Rahimah, Ras Tanura and Juaymah Areas: PGSA = 7 - [SDIR [0.0772 - 6.85 x 10-4 (SDIR)] + SRAD [-0.0307 - 2.57 X 104 (WIND) + 3.20 x 10-5 (PRES)] + 7.89 x 10-3 (WIND) (WIND) + 2.21] 5b. Determination of the Mixing Height (in meters) of the Mixed Layer Dhahran and Abqaiq Areas: MIXHT = WIND [-75.5 + 11.1(WIND) - 0.114(SRAD)] + SRAD [11.4 3.43 x 10-4 (SRAD) - 0.0102 (PRES) ] + 154 Shedgum and Udhailiyah Areas: MIXHT = 3.99 (SDIR) + SRAD [8.82 x10-3 (PRESS) - 8.4] + 2.62 X 10-2 (WIND)(PRES) - 75.5 Rahimah, Ras Tanura and Juaymah Areas: MIXHT = WIND [1743 + 7.22 (WIND) - 1.77 (PRES) - 0.0576 (SRAD)] + 0.654 (SRAD) + 3.05 x 10-3 (PRES) (PRES) - 3016 5c. Terms Used in the Above Equations SRAD - Global solar radiation in Watts per meter squared (W/m ). Langley/minute = 1 Calorie/cm2/min = 697.3 Watts/m2) WIND - Mean wind speed in meters per second (m/s) SDIR - Standard Deviation of the Horizontal Wind Direction in degrees (Sigma Theta, ). (Note: The USEPA ISCST models require that all wind direction values be the direction value toward and not from; for example, if the prevailing wind direction is measured as 300, the value needed by the ISCST model would be 300 - 180 = 120) PRES - Surface Pressure uncorrected to Sea Level in millibars (mb) PGSA - Mean Pasquill-Gifford Atmospheric Stability Classification Category of the mixed layer with possible values from 1 through 6. [Note that 1 corresponds to the USEPA Stability Classification Category of A; 2 corresponds to the BCategory; 3 to C; 4 to D; 5 to E; and 6 to F. Also note that P-G Stability Categories are dimensionless].
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2
(Note:
APPENDIX V - SOURCE TESTING METHODS The following is a list of approved stack testing methods based on U.S. EPA recommended methods as per the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), 40 CFR, Part 60, Appendix A Standards of Performance for Petroleum Refineries. Other methods not listed may also be acceptable; however, approval must be obtained from the Chief Environmental Engineer prior to commencement of the test(s). 1. U.S. EPA Method 1 - Sample and Velocity Traverses for Stationary Sources 2. U.S. EPA Method 2 - Determination of Stack Gas Velocity and Volumetric Flow Rate (Type S Pitot Tube) 3. U.S. EPA Method 3 - Gas Analysis for Carbon Dioxide, Oxygen, Excess Air, and Dry Molecular Weight 4. U.S. EPA Method 4 - Determination of Moisture Content in Stack Gases 5. U.S. EPA Method 5 - Determination of Particulate Emissions from Stationary Sources 6. U.S. EPA Method 6 - Determination of Sulfur Dioxide Emissions from Stationary Sources 7. U.S. EPA Method 6A - Determination of Sulfur Dioxide, Moisture, and Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Fossil Fuel Combustion Sources 8. U.S. EPA Method 7 - Determination of Nitrogen Oxide Emissions from Stationary Sources 9. U.S. EPA Method 8 - Determination of Sulfuric Acid Mist and Sulfur Dioxide Emissions from Stationary Sources 10. U.S. EPA Method 9 - Visual Determination of the Opacity of Emissions from Stationary Sources 11. U.S. EPA Method 10 - Determination of Carbon Monoxide Emissions from Stationary Sources 12. U.S. EPA Method 11 - Determination of Hydrogen Sulfide Content of Fuel Gas Streams in Petroleum Refineries 13. U.S. EPA Method 12 - Determination of Inorganic Lead Emissions from Stationary Sources 14. U.S. EPA Method 13 - Determination of Total Fluoride Emissions from Stationary Sources 15. U.S. EPA Method 15 - Determination of Hydrogen Sulfide, Carbonyl Sulfide, and Carbon Disulfide Emissions from Stationary Sources
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16. U.S. EPA Method 16 - Semi-Continuous Determination of Sulfur Emissions from Stationary Sources 17. U.S. EPA Method 16A - Determination of Total Reduced Sulfur Emissions from stationary Sources (Impinger Technique) 18. U.S. EPA Method 17 - Determination of Particulate Emissions from Stationary Sources (InStack Filtration Method) 19. U.S. EPA Method 18 - Measurement of Gaseous Organic Compound Emissions by Gas Chromatography 20. U.S. EPA Method 20 - Determination of Nitrogen Oxides, Sulfur Dioxide, and Oxygen Emissions from Stationary Gas Turbines 21. U.S. EPA Method 21 - Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds Leaks 22. U.S. EPA Method 22 - Visual Determination of Fugitive Emissions from Material Sources and Smoke Emissions from Flares 23. U.S. EPA Method 25 - Determination of Total Gaseous Non-methane Organic Emissions as Carbon
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APPENDIX VI - INCINERATOR WASTE CLASSIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION The following tables summarize the types and characteristics of incinerable wastes that must be factored into the capacity rating and combustion/emission control design of the incinerator. (References: USEPA documents EPA/625/4-91/030, December 1991 and EPA/625/6-89/024, January 1990). TABLE 17 - INCINERABLE WASTE CLASSIFICATION AND CHARACTERISTICS
Type Descriptio n (see Note) Trash Principal Components Highly combustible waste, paper, wood, cardboard cartons, including up to 10% treated papers, plastic or rubber scraps; commercial and industrial sources Combustible waste, paper, cartons, rags, wood scraps, combustible floor sweepings; domestic, commercial and industrial sources Rubbish and garbage; residential sources Approximate Composition , % by Weight Trash 100% Weight, lbs/cu ft (loose) 8-10 Moisture Content, wt. % 10% Incombustible Solids, wt. % 5% Btu Value per Lb Refuse as Fired 8,500
Rubbish
Rubbish
8-10
25%
10%
6,500
Garbage
Refuse
Rubbish
15-20
50%
7%
4,300
Garbage
Garbage
Animal and vegetable wastes, restaurants, hotels, markets; institutional, commercial and club sources
Garbage
30-35
70%
5%
2,500
Rubbish
Animal
Carcasses, organs, solid
100%
45-55
85%
5%
1,000
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solids and organic wastes
organic wastes; hospital, laboratory, abattoirs, animal pounds and similar sources and human tissue
Source: Incinerator Institute of America Waste Classifications Note: Type 0 is the most highly combustible waste such as paper, wood, cardboard, and plastic scraps; Type 1 is considered less combustible rubbish consisting of wood scraps, floor sweepings, etc.; Type 2 is generally residential refuse; Type 3 is animal and vegetable garbage; and finally Type 4 is the least combustible material such as animal solids and other organic wastes.
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TABLE 18 - HOSPITAL WASTE CHARACTERISTICS

Component HHV Dry Basis kJ/kg Btu/lb 18,6008,00027,900 12,000 32,50014,00046,500 20,000 18,6008,00027,900 12,000 25,50011,00032,500 14,000 20,9009,00037,100 16,000 0 0 18,60020,900 18,60027,900 22,50046,500 140 0-23,200 8,0009,000 8,00012,000 9,70020,000 60 0-10,000 Bulk Density as Fired kg/m3 lb/ft3 80050-75 1,200 80-2,300 5-144 80-1,000 8001,000 5001,300 2,8003,600 320-730 80-1,000 5-62 48-62 30-80 175-225 20-45 5-62 Moisture Content of Component, wt. % 70-90 0-1 0-30 0-0.2 60-90 0 10-50 0-30 Heat Value as Fired kJ/g Btu/lb 1,8608008,370 3,600 32,30013,90046,500 20,000 13,0005,60027,900 12,000 25,50011,00032,500 14,000 2,09090014,900 6,400 0 0 9,30018,800 13,00027,900 22,30046,500 140 0-4,640 4,0008,100 5,60012,000 9,60020,000 60 0-2,000
Human anatomical Plastics Swabs, absorbents Alcohol, disinfectants Animal infected/anatomical Glass Bedding, shavings, paper, fecal matter Gauze, pads, swabs, garments, paper,cellulose Plastics, PVC, syringes Sharps, needles Fluids, residuals
80-2,300 7,2008,000 990 1,010
5-144 450-500 62-63
0-1 0-1 80-100
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APPENDIX VII - ADDITIONAL TECHNICAL REFERENCES 1. Standards of Performance for Petroleum Refineries, U.S. Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), 40 CFR, Part 60, Subpart J. 2. Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources, Test Methods and Procedures, U.S. Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), 40CFR, Part 60, Appendix A. 3. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, AP-42, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, N.C. 4. Procedures for Emission Inventory Preparation, Volumes I, II, and III, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, N.C. 5. Locating and Estimating Air Toxics Emissions from Organic Liquid Storage Tanks, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, N.C. 6. Standards of Performance for Equipment Leaks of VOC in Petroleum Refineries, U.S. Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), 40 CFR, Part 60, Subpart GGG. 7. Standards of Performance for Storage Tanks, U.S. Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), 40 CFR, Part 60, Subpart K. 8. Atmospheric Diffusion, Pasquill, F., Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York, N.Y., 1974. 9. "Air Pollution Engineering Manual, Air & Waste Management Association, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1992.
Page 60 of 56
APPENDIX VIII - ROYAL COMMISSION SITE BOUNDARIES
NOTES: 1. COORDINATE SYSTEM : UTM (ZONE 39)/INT. SPHEROID (1985 HORIZONTAL ADJUSTMENT) 2. INFORMATION SHOWN WAS COMPILED FROM DATA FURNISHED BY THE ROYAL COMMISSION, LAND & LEASE DIVISION, AND SAUDI ARAMCO SURVEYING DIVISION RECORDS. NO SURVEY OF THIS SITE HAS BEEN MADE BY SAUDI ARAMCO SURVEYING SERVICES.
M T U AH KK A M
POINT # 1 2 3 4 5 6 6A 6B 6C 6D 6E 6F 7 8 9 10 10A 10B 10C 10D 10E 10F 10G 10H 10J 10K 13 14 15 16
NORTHING (m) 2 988 937.799 2 986 938.261 2 986 837.826 3 000 384.696 2 994 935.414 3 008 432.297 3 008 491.079 3 011 708.430 3 020 951.933 3 018 387.000 3 015 986.464 3 012 237.555 3 008 643.449 2 987 758.512 2 970 196.478 2 988 686.533 2 988 678.046 2 988 855.399 2 988 892.264 2 989 085.118 2 990 521.507 2 990 925.409 2 991 423.429 2 991 413.349 2 991 043.422 2 990 241.255 2 990 257.040 2 990 122.384 2 989 364.078 2 989 115.433
EASTING (m) 368 018.817 367 987.185 374 335.718 374 550.034 362 364.382 362 577.907 358 862.316 359 618.354 351 268.071 348 518.000 348 963.503 346 976.416 349 230.990 326 659.119 342 908.599 361 035.589 361 601.443 361 441.227 361 482.036 361 476.252 363 066.290 363 086.796 363 638.088 364 213.134 364 318.243 364 278.877 364 324.769 365 035.412 365 531.201 366 143.576
6C
6D 6E
ARABIAN
GULF
6F
6B
6A
JUBAIL ROYAL COMMISSION BOUNDARY UTM ZONE 39
10G 10H 10F 14 10E 1516 10D 10
1 2 3
10D
10H
10B 10 NOT TO SCALE
10C 10J
10A
13 10K NOT TO SCALE
14
REFERENCES : JOB No. R290-8012 SUR 2847 No. SAES-A-103 DWG.
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APPENDIX VIII, CONTINUED
NOTES: 1. COORDINATE SYSTEM : UTM (ZONE 37) SAUDI ARABIA NATIONAL GRID. 2. INFORMATION SHOWN WAS COMPILED FROM DATA FURNISHED BY THE ROYAL COMMISSION. NO SURVEY OF THIS SITE HAS BEEN MADE BY SAUDI ARAMCO SURVEYING SERVICES DIVISION. 3. SCALE = 1 : 200,000
11 12 13 14 15 16 17
10
POINT No.
NORTHING (m)
EASTING (m)
18 NOT TO SCALE M A K K A H
M T U 7
8 18 19 9 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
5
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
642 645 648 651 658 660 662 660 659 660 660 660 660 660 660 660 660 659 658
546.475 880.576 177.312 939.921 258.936 300.666 821.938 905.966 878.058 741.371 697.182 649.878 614 227 483.789 453.067 303.284 171.260 742.060 206.254
431 434 436 431 423 421 416 415 415 413 413 413 413 413 413 413 413 412 411
426.087 192.737 098.579 564.245 948.316 496.690 022.384 602.850 320.853 442.393 422.084 379.735 347.200 248.554 229.323 177.535 101.903 598.905 528.518
MADINAT YANBU AL-SINAIYAH ROYAL COMMISSION BOUNDARY UTM ZONE 37
R E D
S E A
1
REFERENCES: DWG. No. RCB-SU-A1-002A
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Engineering Standard

Saudi Aramco DeskTop Standards

SAES-A-102 Ambient Air Quality And Source Emission

SAES-A-102 Ambient Air Quality And Source Emission

SAES-A-102 Ambient Air Quality And Source Emission

SAES-A-102 Ambient Air Quality And Source Emission

SAES-D-100 SAES-F-007 G.I. 425.000 32-SAMSS-022 G.I. 2.714 3.2

SAES-A-102 Ambient Air Quality And Source Emission

TABLE 1 - NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (AAQS)

24 hours 1 year 1 hour 8 hours 30 days

340 80 40,000 (35) 10,000 (9) 1.0 (0.001)

SAES-A-102 Ambient Air Quality And Source Emission

TABLE 2 - ROYAL COMMISSION AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (AAQS)

YANBU LIMITS MAX. CONC. ALLOWABL g/m (ppm)

1 per year 1 per year 0 0 0 1 per year 0 0 0

1 per year 1 per year 0 0 0 NS 0 NS 0

SAES-A-102 Ambient Air Quality And Source Emission

TABLE 3 - SOURCE EMISSION STANDARDS

Petroleum Storage Vessels >1000 bbl (5614 ft3)

Double Boot Seal or Equivalent System (4)

Floating Roof w/ Double Seal or Equivalent System (4)

FCC Unit Regeneration

Sulfur Recovery Plants(7)

SAES-A-102 Ambient Air Quality And Source Emission

Total Sulfur (S) Fugitive Emissions Asbestos Visible Emissions (13)

VOCs Asbestos Opacity

Preliminary AQ Engineering Report

SAES-A-102 Ambient Air Quality And Source Emission

4.3 4.3.1 4.3.1.1

SAES-A-102 Ambient Air Quality And Source Emission

SAES-A-102 Ambient Air Quality And Source Emission

SAES-A-102 Ambient Air Quality And Source Emission

4.3.5.2 4.3.6 4.3.6.1 4.3.6.2

SAES-A-102 Ambient Air Quality And Source Emission

SAES-A-102 Ambient Air Quality And Source Emission

4.3.8.3 4.3.9 4.3.9.1

SAES-A-102 Ambient Air Quality And Source Emission

a. b. c. d. e. f. g. 4.3.11 4.3.11.1 4.3.11.1.1 4.3.11.1.2

4.3.11.2 4.3.11.2.1 4.3.11.2.2

SAES-A-102 Ambient Air Quality And Source Emission

SAES-A-102 Ambient Air Quality And Source Emission

4.3.11.3.5 4.3.11.3.6 4.3.11.3.7 4.3.11.3.8

SAES-A-102 Ambient Air Quality And Source Emission

SAES-A-102 Ambient Air Quality And Source Emission

SAES-A-102 Ambient Air Quality And Source Emission

SAES-A-102 Ambient Air Quality And Source Emission

SAES-A-102 Ambient Air Quality And Source Emission

SAES-A-102 Ambient Air Quality And Source Emission

SAES-A-102 Ambient Air Quality And Source Emission

SAES-A-102 Ambient Air Quality And Source Emission

SAES-A-102 Ambient Air Quality And Source Emission

Date: Chief Environmental Engineer

SAES-A-102 Ambient Air Quality And Source Emission

________ ________ ________

Date: Chief Environmental Engineer

SAES-A-102 Ambient Air Quality And Source Emission

SAES-A-102 Ambient Air Quality And Source Emission

SAES-A-102 Ambient Air Quality And Source Emission

SAES-A-102 Ambient Air Quality And Source Emission

TABLE 4 - POTENTIAL EMISSION SOURCES PRODUCTION

FEEDSTOCK & PRODUCT HANDLING OPERATIONS

MISCELLANEOUS FUGITIVE EMISSIONS

TRANSPORTATION AND MARKETING

MISCELLANEOUS EMISSION SOURCES

Pressure Insulated Underground Internal Floating (Temp.:C or _oF)

Other (Describe)_________ Other (Describe)_ Other (Describe)_