CONFIDENTIAL

CS/APR2011/QMT500

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA FINAL EXAMINATION

COURSE COURSE CODE EXAMINATION TIME

STATISTICS FOR ENGINEERING QMT500 APRIL 2011 3 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 1. 2. 3. 4. This question paper consists of five (5) questions. Answer ALL questions in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page. Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the invigilator. Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of: i) ii) iii) iv) the Question Paper a two - page Appendix 1 (Key Formulas) an Answer Booklet - provided by the Faculty a Statistical Table - provided by the Faculty

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

This examination paper consists of 6 printed pages
) Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA

CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL QUESTION 1

CS/APR2011/QMT500

a) The probability that a component intended for use in a computer passes a purity test is 0.038. i) In a batch of 10 randomly selected components find, to 3 decimal places, the probability that none of the components passes the test. (2 marks) Using a suitable approximation, estimate the probability that fewer than four components in a batch of 100 pass the test. (3 marks)

ii)

b) A process of making plate glass produces small bubbles (imperfections) scattered at random in the glass, at an average rate of four small bubbles per 10 m2. Assume that the number of small bubbles follows a Poisson distribution. i) Determine, to 3 decimal places, the probability that a piece of glass 2.2m x 3.0m will contain exactly two small bubbles. (3 marks)

ii) Show that the probability that five pieces of glass, each 2.5m x 2.0m, will all be free of small bubbles is e~10. (2 marks) iii) Find, to 3 decimal places, the probability that five pieces of glass, each 2.5m x 2.0m, will contain a total of at least ten small bubbles. (2 marks) c) A study discussed the percent purity of oxygen from a certain supplier. Assume the distribution of percent purity was approximately normal with mean 99.61 and standard deviation 0.08. i) What percentage of the purity values would you expect to be between 99.5 and 99.7? (4 marks)

ii) Below what purity value would you expect exactly 5% of the distribution to lie? (4 marks)

Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA

CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL QUESTION 2

CS/APR2011/QMT500

a) The following data shows the altitude x metres above sea level, for 10 places and the weight of a type of fruit (in grams) cultivated in each of the places. Altitude, x (m) Weight, y (g) i) 2 9.7 7 10.7 12 9.9 40 76 99 9.2 135 9.2 163 9.4 235 8.7 307 7.5

10.4 9.5

Write the least squares line to estimate the weight of fruit cultivated at a place of x metres above sea level. Explain the meaning of the estimated regression coefficients. (3 marks)

ii) Estimate the weight of fruit cultivated at a place 200 metres above the sea level. (1 mark) iii) Calculate the coefficient of correlation and explain its value. (2 marks) iv) At the 1% significance level, can we conclude that the linear regression model is significant? (8 marks) b) A paint manufacturer uses a large amount of titanium dioxide in its coatings. Titanium dioxide is the primary white pigment used in paints and coatings. The whiteness of the paint is measured using a scale of 0-30, with 30 being essentially white. A new vendor claims that its titanium dioxide averages 25 on the whiteness scale, with a variance of 0.4. The paint manufacturer doubts that the new vendor has a small amount variability in its product. A sample of 10 readings on the whiteness of the paint is as follows: 24 26 25 24 27 25 25 26 26 25

Test the claim about the variability using a 0.05 significance level. (6 marks)

Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA

CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL QUESTION 3

CS/APR2011/QMT500

a) Officials of a small transit system with only five buses want to evaluate four types of tires with respect to wear. Each of the buses runs a different route so that terrain and driving conditions differ from bus to bus. One tire of each type is placed on each bus, with the wheel positions being assigned randomly. The tires are run for 15,000 miles, after which the tread wear, in millimeters, is measured. The data obtained is as follows: Type of buses A B C D E Column total i) Types o F tires 3 4 20.8 11.8 28.3 16.0 23.7 16.2 21.4 14.1 25.1 15.8 119.3 73.9

1 9.1 13.4 15.6 11.0 12.7 61.8

2 17.1 20.3 24.6 18.2 19.8 100

Row total 58.8 78.0 80.1 64.7 73.4 355.0

What is the type of experimental design used in this study? (2 marks)

ii) Construct the analysis of variance table. (6 marks) iii) Do the data provide sufficient evidence to indicate that a difference exists in the tread wear in different types of tires? Use a 5% level of significance. (2 marks) iv) Is there sufficient evidence to indicate that tread wear of tires vary from bus to bus? Test at 5% level of significance. (2 marks) b) Within a certain tribe it was found that 15% had blood that was rhesus negative. A study done at a later date took samples of 10 people from different areas within the tribe's boundary and found how many had rhesus negative blood in each of the samples, with the following results Number of rhesus negative Frequency

0 23

1 30

2 32

3 10

>3 5

Do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that the number of rhesus negative has a Binomial distribution with n = 10 and p = 0.15? Test at a = 0.05. (8 marks)

Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA

CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL QUESTION 4

CS/APR2011/QMT500

a) One important aspect of computing is the cpu time required by a particular algorithm to solve a problem. A new algorithm is developed to solve zero-one multiple objectives problems in linear programming. It is thought that the new algorithm will solve problems faster than the previous algorithm. The data sets below represents a random sample of cpu times using the old algorithm and the new ones. Old New 8.05 0.71 24.74 0.74 28.33 0.74 8.45 0.77 9.19 0.80 25.20 0.83 14.05 0.82 20.33 0.77 4.82 0.71 8.54 0.72

Is there evidence that the new algorithm is better than the old algorithm at a = 0.05? (7 marks) b) The following table shows the number of trains arriving on time and the number of trains that were late was observed at three different stations. On time 26 30 44 Late 14 10 26

Station

A B C

Test at 5% level of significance whether there is any association between the station and lateness. (7 marks) c) A utility company has a large stock of voltmeters that are used interchangeably by many employees. A study is conducted to detect the differences among average readings given by these voltmeters. A random sample of six meters is selected from the stock and four readings are taken for each meter. A partially completed ANOVA table is given below: Source of variation Voltmeter Error Total df Sum of Squares 7.669 18.926 Mean Square F

Complete the ANOVA table. Hence test at 1% significance level if there is any significant difference in the means of voltmeter readings. (6 marks)

Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA

CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL

CS/APR 2011/QMT500

QUESTION 5 Environmental testing is one of the attempts to test a component under conditions that closely simulates the environment in which the component will be used. An electrical component is to be used in two different locations in Country A. Before environmental testing can be conducted, it is necessary to determine the soil composition in these localities. These data are obtained on the percentage of Si0 2 by weight of the soil: Soil Type 1 13 64.94 9 Soil Type 2 11 57.06 7.29

Number of Sample Sample Mean Sample Variance

Assume that data is normally distributed for both populations. a) A researcher claims that the percentage of Si0 2 in Soil Type 1 is 64. Do the data contradict the researcher's claim? Test at the 1% significance level. (5 marks) Calculate a 99% confidence interval for the percentage of Si0 2 in Soil Type 1. Does the interval support your conclusion in (a)? Explain. (4 marks) Is there evidence at 5% significance level that there is a difference in the variances in the percentage of Si0 2 in these two types of soil? (5 marks) Using the result on the variances in part (c), find a 90% confidence interval for the difference between the means percentage of Si0 2 in Soil Type 1 and in Soil Type 2. Does there appear to be a difference between the means? Explain based on the answer. (6 marks)

b)

c)

d)

END OF QUESTION PAPER

Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA

CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL

APPENDIX 1(1) KEY FORMULAS p(x) = P(X = x) =

CS/APR2011/QMT500

Binomial probability formula

p x ( 1 - p ) n - x ; x = 0,1,2

Poisson probability formula

p(x) = P(X = x)= ^

; x = 0,1,2

CONFIDENCE INTERVALS Parameter & description Mean |i of a normal distribution, variance a 2 unknown Two-sided (1 - a)100% confidence interval
f

x t a/2

S^

df=n-1

Vn"

Difference in means of two normal distributions m - \i2, variances c^2 = G22 and unknown

r"i
(x1-x2)+ta/2sp

+ ; Vn1 n 2

df=n! + n2-2,

sp =

(ni-Vs-f +(n2 - 1 ) s 2 2 n1 + n 2 - 2

Difference in means of two normal distributions m - p,2, variances a-i2 * a22 and unknown

(xi-x2)ta/2 K ]| n.|

^ n2

df

(s12/n1+s22/n2 f

n1 - 1

n9 - 1

Mean difference of two normal distributions for paired samples, |ad Variance a of a normal distribution

dt

a/2

df = n - 1 where n is no, of pairs Vn~

(n-l)s2
2 Xa/2

(n-l)s
Y2 x 1-a/2

df = n - 1

Ratio of the variances a2/a22 of two normal distributions

U12
s

2 P S 2 'a/2;vi,V2

i2 ' a / 2 ; v 2 , v i S2'

vi = ni - 1, v2 = r n 2 - 1

Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA

CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL

APPENDIX 1(2)

CS/APR2011/QMT500

HYPOTHESIS TESTING Null Hypothesis H 0 : (i = \x0 a2 unknown H 0 : m - \x2 = D a-i2 = a22 and unknown Test statistic

t c a , c =s^ - ;

df = n - i
D

Vn"
Icalc ~

(*1 - * 2 ) -

1 1 +
"1 "2

df=ni + n2-2,

2 n 1 1)s 1 2 + ( yn2 - 1 ) s 2 sp=.p-!'^ -+-

ni +n 2 - 2

H 0 : Hi - ^2 = D variances a! 2 * a22 and unknown

kale

_ (x1-x2)-D . n-] n2

df

(s12/n1+s22/n2 f M/nif ni - 1
|

(s22/n2r no - 1

H 0 : Hd = D
loalc ~

d-D
Sd_

df = n - 1 where n is no. of pairs

Vn
2_ 2 H 0 : C T = o-0 (or a = a 0 )

2
^calc

_(n-l)s;

df = n - 1

H Q : CTI - o"2'

2_ 2

f r calc=-o-:

v ^ n i - 1 , v2 = n 2 - 1

TESTING SIGNIFICANCE OF REGRESSION (Analysis of Variance approach)

Total sum of squares

ss Y = i ( y i - y ) 2 = y 2
i=1

i=1

Regression sum of squares

SSR = E ( y i - y ) 2 = p 1 S xy
i=1

where S x y

ZXi U=1 = X iYi x

lyi
n

i=i

Hak Cipta Universiti teknologi MARA

CONFIDENTIAL