UNIT ONE

EL VERBO TO BE
USOS DEL VERBO TO BE
Este verbo tiene varios usos y variaciones en comparacin con el uso que se le da en espaol, a continuacin se presentan sus usos y variaciones: 1. Para identificar una persona u objeto: En este uso se usa un sustantivo despus del verbo to be, house, teacher, engineer, desk, etc. He is an engineer. They are students. I am a professional. It is a car. (El es un ingeniero) (Ellos son estudiantes) (Yo son un profesional) (Es un carro)

2. Para describir una persona o cosa: En este uso, la oracin tiene que tener un adjetivo que describa la persona u objeto del que estamos hablando, tall, short, intelligent, poor, green. Carlos is intelligent. They are blue. Carmen is blond. It is cold (Carlos es inteligente) (Ellos son azules) (Carmen es rubia) (Es frio)

3. Para indicar ubicacin u origen: En este caso, el verbo to be se traduce como estar y despus de l tenemos que usar una preposicin, in, on, at para indicar el lugar donde la persona o cosa se encuentra. En el caso de querer indicar origen tenemos que usa la preposicin from. My friends are in the class. Jorge is in Colombia. It is in my desk. She is from Peru. Diferencias con el espaol 4. Para expresar la edad. El verbo to be se usa en ingls para expresar la edad mientras que en espaol se usa el verbo tener. My brother is 28 years old. My niece is 10 years old. (Mi hermano tiene 28 aos) (Mi sobrina tiene 10 aos) (Mis amigos estn en la clase) (Jorge esta en Colombia) (Esta en mi escritorio) (Ella es de Peru)

ORACIONES AFIRMATIVAS
El verbo TO BE corresponde a los verbos ser y estar en espaol, dependiendo del contexto se deducir de cual se trata. Primero nos dedicaremos al presente de este verbo que en ingles se conjuga: I You She He It We You They am are is is is are are are a student a teacher tall rich a table friends from Cuenca in a concert (Yo soy un estudiante) (T eres un profesor) (Ella es alta) (El es rico) (Eso es una mesa) (Nosotros somos amigos) (Uds. son de Cuenca) (Ellos estn en un concierto)

Como se podr dar cuenta el verbo significa ser o estar, en las primeras 6 oraciones el verbo se traduce como ser para identificar o describir una persona u objeto. En las dos ltimas oraciones el verbo se traduce como estar.

A MEMORIZAR!

Es muy importante que memorice la conjugacin de estos verbos y sus contracciones, estas son simplemente una forma reducida del verbo to be: I You He She It We You They am are is is is are are are Im Youre Hes Shes Its Were Youre Theyre

EJERCICIO 1
I. Use la conjugacin del verbo TO BE en las siguientes oraciones. Tiene que haber memorizado ya la conjugacin correspondiente antes de hacer este ejercicio. Las respuestas se encuentran al final de esta seccin. 1. I ________ a very intelligent person. 2. My mother _______ in Loja. 3. My English dictionary _______ in my desk. 4. It _______ cold today. 5. The children _______ my nephews. 6. The president of Ecuador _______ Rafael Correa. 7. Guayaquil _______ the most crowded city in Ecuador. 8. The most important thing _______ to study to learn. II. Coloque las siguientes palabras en el orden correcto para formar oraciones. Recuerde que el orden en ingls es Sujeto, Verbo y complemento. No se olvide del Sujeto. 1. Venezuela. / from / She / is ____________________________________________________________ 2. cold / today / is / It ____________________________________________________________ 3. thirty years old / I / am ____________________________________________________________ 4. Jennifer / Her name / is ____________________________________________________________ 5. very difficult / My homework / is ____________________________________________________________ III. Exprese lo que indican las claves en parntesis, el objetivo de este ejercicio es que Uds. se sienta ms cmodo y libre al usar el idioma para propsitos determinados. Recuerde que todas las oraciones en Ingls tienen la estructura: Sujeto+ Verbo + Complemento, por ejemplo SUJETO I My mother The school VERBO am is is COMPLEMENTO intelligent. an architect. in Quito.

1. (edad) _______________________________________________________ 2. (profesin u ocupacin) _________________________________________ 3. (descripcin de su fsico) ________________________________________ 4. (ubicacin en este momento) _____________________________________ 5. (origen) ______________________________________________________

ORACIONES NEGATIVAS
En oraciones negativas se use la palabra NOT a lado de la conjugacin del verbo TO BE; es decir: PRONOMBRE I You He She It We You They VERBO TO BE am not are not is not is not is not are not are not are not COMPLEMENTO a janitor. in Guayaquil. my father. a nurse. Sunday. cousins. American. twenty years old. TRADUCCIN Yo no soy un conserje T no ests en Guayaquil l no es mi padre Ella no es una enfermera No es Domingo Nosotros no somos primos Uds. no son Americanos Ellos no tienen 20 aos

Generalmente no se pronuncia la palabra completa, I AM NOT, YOU ARE NOT , etc. sino que se usan contracciones: PRONOMBRE I You He She It We You VERBO TO BE m not aren't isn't isn't isn't aren't aren't COMPLEMENTO a janitor in Guayaquil my father a nurse Sunday cousins American

They

aren't

twenty years old

A MEMORIZAR!
Memorizar las contracciones arriba mostradas.

EJERCICIO 2
I. ESCRIBA LOS NEGATIVOS DE LAS SIGUIENTES ORACIONES, USE CONTRACCIONES: 1. The car is in the garage. ____________________________________________ 2. I am an assistant. 3. Karina is my friend. 4. The teachers are late. 5. It is my book. ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

II. EXPRESE LO QUE INDICAN LAS CLAVES ENTRE PARENTESIS, TODAS LAS ORACIONES SON RESPECTO A UD. NO SE OLVIDE DE LA ESTRUCTURA: SUJETO + VERBO + COMPLEMENTO. 1. (not a doctor) 2. (not 40 years old) 3. (not lazy) 4. (not Colombian) 5. (not in a class) ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

YES/NO QUESTIONS/ PREGUNTAS DE SI Y NO

En espaol hacemos la pregunta tan slo haciendo un cambio en el tono de voz, en ingls es diferente, no slo el tono de voz cambia sino que tambin la estructura, observe: En una oracin simple, la estructura de una oracin es: She is a lawyer. Sujeto + Verbo + Complemento Imagnese que no quiere afirmar que ella es una abogada sino que le quiere preguntar a alguien si ella es una abogada, entonces: Is she a lawyer? Verbo + Sujeto + Complemento

Como se puede dar cuenta lo nico que cambia es la posicin del verbo en la oracin, en preguntas el verbo va antes del sujeto. Observe las oraciones afirmativas en el primer cuadro y cmo cambian al ser transformadas en preguntas, en el segundo cuadro: SUJETO She You It They VERBO TO BE is are is are COMPLEMENTO a lawyer. Ecuadorian. your car. classmates. VERBO TO BE Is Are Is Are SUJETO she you it they COMPLEMENTO a lawyer? Ecuadorian? your car? classmates?

Para responder este tipo de preguntas hay dos maneras, una corta y una completa, y puede ser afirmativa o negativa.

A: Are you a secretary? B: Yes, I am. Yes, I am a secretary.

A: Is she your sister? B: No, she isnt. o No, she isnt my sister.

EJERCICIO 3

I. TRANSFORME LAS SIGUIENTES ORACIONES A NEGATIVAS Y LUEGO A PREGUNTAS DE SI Y NO Y LUEGO RESPONDA LA PREGUNTA DE FORMA CORTA. 1. Carmen is my mother. Negativa: ____________________________________ Pregunta:_____________________________________ Respuesta: ____________________________________

2. His house is far away.

Negativa: _____________________________________ Pregunta: _____________________________________ Respuesta: ____________________________________

3. The flowers are beautiful.

Negativa: _____________________________________ Pregunta: _____________________________________ Respuesta: ____________________________________

4. I am a successful student.

Negativa: _____________________________________ Pregunta: _____________________________________ Respuesta: ____________________________________

II. PREGUNTE LO QUE INDICAN LAS CLAVES ENTRE PARNTESIS Por ejemplo: ( you/ an employee / here) Are you an employee here? 1. (you / Peruvian) 2. (you / a student) 3. (you / thirty years old) ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

4. (your mother / Ecuadorian) ____________________________________________ 5. (your university/ good) ____________________________________________

III. RESPONDA LAS SIGUIENTES PREGUNTAS, EN FORMA CORTA. RECUERDE SOLO NECESITA USAR EL VERBO TO BE. 1. Are you an engineer? _______________________ 2. Are you a good student? 3. Are you Ecuadorian? 4. Is your father in Ecuador? _______________________ _______________________ _______________________

ARTICULOS DEFINIDO E INDEFINIDO

Las partculas a - an en espaol significan un o una y sirve para hablar de un solo objeto. Ejemplo: I have a pencil. Yo tengo un lpiz.

ARTICULO INDEFINIDO
ARTICULO INDEFINIDO A Se utiliza la partcula a antes de un sustantivo que empiece con una consonante. Ejemplos: a book -> un lpiz ARTICULO INDEFINIDO AN La partcula an se utiliza delante de sustantivos que empiecen con vocales (sonidos voclicos), o de una h que no se pronuncie (muda). Ejemplos: a table -> una mesa

an apple -> una manzana

an hour -> una hora (en este caso la h no tiene sonido) a hat -> un sombrero (en este caso la h tiene sonido)

EL ARTCULO DEFINIDO
ARTICULO DEFINIDO THE Este artculo se utiliza para hablar de una persona, animal o cosa especfico, que se lo haya mencionado con anterioridad o que sea. Ejemplo: I saw a dog outside. The dog was very big -> Yo v un perro afuera. El perro era muy grande Se utiliza el artculo para hablar de cosas que son nicas. Ejemplo: The moon is bright. -> La luna es brillante. (slo hay una luna) El artculo definido tambin se emplea cuando nos referimos a ros (the Nile), mares, montaas; y en definitiva con los dems accidentes geogrficos.

Tambin lo utilizamos a la hora de nombrar un determinada instrumento musical por ejemplo: the piano, the guitar o the flute.

EJERCICIO 4
I. COLOQUE LAS SIGUIENTES PALABRAS DENTRO DEL CASILLERO CORRECTO. QUE PALABRAS VAN PRECEDIDAS CON A O AN? elephant example job orange horse aunt pencil umbrella accountant house wife eraser architect computer pen idea dictionary teacher rose apple

AN

II. LEA EL SIGUIENTE PARRAFO E INCLUYA LOS ARTICULOS: A / AN / THE I am from London. London is 1. _____ big city in England. It has a lot of museums. 2. ___ museums are very interesting because you can see a lot of antiques. There are also many parks which are nice, but there is 3. ____special park called Hyde Park. 4._____ park is 5.____ amazing place because you can go with your family and see ducks, geese and birds. Be careful if you feed 6. ____ birds because they can be dangerous. III. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES USING A AN- THE a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. Andres is ____ engineer. I have _____ interesting book. Luis has ____ car, but _____ car is old. Martin works in ____ hospital. Sophia wants ___ apple. I dont want ____ orange. She is ____ hardworking secretary. Leslie needs ____ hour to read the article. It is ___ expensive restaurant, but ____ restaurant has good food. That is ___ old comedy, but _____ comedy is fun.

j.

SUSTANTIVOS SINGULARES Y PLURALES

Existen dos clases de sustantivos: contables y no contables. Los sustantivos contables son aquellos de los que se puede hablar en singular y plural mientras que los no contables tienen nicamente su forma singular. Contable: table tables dictionary dictionaries Como en espaol los sustantivos son singulares y plurales. Los singulares son los que significan 1 y los plurales dos o ms. Ejemplo: A cup (una taza) Two cups (dos tazas)

REGLAS PARA LA FORMACIN DE LOS SUSTATIVOS PLURALES

1. Se aade S a la mayora de los sustantivos singulares para hacerlos plurales. Ejemplo: cup cups book books ruler rulers computer computers 2. Los sustantivos que terminan en s, z, x, sh, o y ch forman su plural aadiendo - es. Ejemplo: class classes dish dishes church churches box boxes potato potatoes 3. Para los sustantivos que terminan en y y estn precedidos por una consonante, se reemplaza la y por la i y se aumenta es. Ejemplo: dictionary dictionaries lady ladies city cities 4. Para los sustantivos que terminan en y pero que estn precedidos por una vocal, solamente se aade la s. Ejemplos: toy toys day days turkey turkeys 5. Algunos sustantivos que terminan en -f o -fe forman su plural aadiendo ves. Ejemplos: loaf loaves half halves knife knives

6. Algunos sustantivos son completamente sustantivos estos cambian totalmente Ejemplos: man men child children tooth teeth

irregulares, es decir al realizar el plural de ciertos

A MEMORIZAR!
Memorice todas las reglas para la formacin de los sustantivos plurales.

EJERCICIO 5
I. CONSULTE EN EL DICCIONARIO LOS PLURALES DE LOS SIGUIENTES SUSTANTIVOS IRREGULARES a. mouse _____________ b. person _____________ c. goose _____________ d. foot _____________ e. ox _____________ II. FORME EL PLURAL DE LOS SIGUIENTES SUSTANTIVOS: 1. flower 2. dish 3. door 4. bush 5. tomato 6. wife 7. dog 8. chair 9. baby 10. folder III. _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________

ESCOJA Y ENCIERRE EN UN CRCULO EL SUSTANTIVO SINGULAR O PLURAL CORRECTO. a. Those childs children are intelligent. b. Tony has a box boxes in his bag. c. Sophia and Jeremy take a bus buses to go to school. d. Aaron and Peter are kind person- people. e. There are three mouses- mice at home. f. Portugal and France are beautiful country- countries. g. My tomatos tomatoes are fresh. h. I need a watch watches to know what time it is. i. There are seven glass- glasses on the table.

j. There is a church churches in town.

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UNIT TWO
EL VERBO TO BE
PREGUNTAS DE INFORMACIN
Preguntas de informacin quieren decir el tipo de preguntas que se hacen para obtener algn tipo de informacin especfica, no solamente si o no como las preguntas estudiadas anteriormente. Para realizar este tipo de pregunta es necesario saber el significado de las palabras que nos permiten realizarlas: WHAT qu WHERE dnde WHERE FROM de dnde WHEN cundo WHICH cul/ cules WHY por qu HOW cmo HOW OLD cuntos aos HOW OFTEN con qu frecuencia WHAT TIME qu hora/ a qu hora

A MEMORIZAR!
Memorice el vocabulario arriba presentado. ________________________ Partamos de una oracin afirmativa: They are in the park (Ellos estn en el parque)

Para hacer la pregunta de si y no solamente se cambia la posicin del verbo: Are they in the park? (Estn ellos en el parque?)

Ahora, no queremos preguntar si ellos estn en el parque pero queremos preguntar DNDE estn, observe: Where are they? Para formar esta pregunta se necesit de una de las palabras arriba enlistadas, WHERE y la misma estructura de preguntas: VERBO + SUJETO + COMPLEMENTO. En este caso la pregunta no tiene complemento porque eso es lo que precisamente estamos preguntando. Where are they? They are in the park. Observe la siguiente oracin: Carmen is 32 years old.

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Ahora quiere preguntar cuntos aos tiene Carmen, Intntelo! ____________________________________________________? Si, la pregunta es How old is Carmen? Otra vez, la oracin es: The school is in the north. Haga la pregunta para que in the north sea la respuesta: _____________________________________________________? In the north. S, la pregunta es: Where is the school?

EJERCICIO 6

I. ESCOJA LA PALABRA CORRECTA PARA FORMULAR PREGUNTAS A LAS RESPUESTAS QUE SE ENCUENTRAN SUBRAYADAS AL LADO DERECHO. 1. ______ is he from? a. Who He is from Portugal b. Why c. Where

2. ______ is your last name? My last name is Suarez a. What b. Where

nd

c. Who

3. ______ is your birthday? Its on March 2 a. What time 4. ______ is she? a. Who 5. ______ are you tired? a. When 6. ______ is it? a. How old 7. _____ are you today? a. Where 8. _________ is it? a. What b. When She is my sister b. Why c. When Because I have a lot of work b. Who Its USD. 10 b. What Im fine, thank you. b. How Its five o clock. b. How much c. What time c. How old c. How much c. Why c. How old

9. _________ is your brother? He is twenty five years old a. Who 10._________ is your bag? a. What b. How old Its on my desk b. When c. Where c. How

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II. PRIMERO TRANSFORME LAS ORACIONES AFIRMATIVAS EN PREGUNTAS DE SI Y NO Y LUEGO ESCRIBA LA PREGUNTA INFORMATIVA PARA QUE LAS PALABRAS SUBRAYADAS SEAN LA RESPUESTA. Por ejemplo: The children are in first grade. Are the children in first grade? Es la pregunta de si y no What grade are the children? Es la pregunta para que in the first grade sea la respuesta. 1. The answer is in the book. _______________________________________ _______________________________________ 2. Your friends are good professionals. ______________________________________ ________________________________________ 3. The secretary is efficient. ________________________________________ ________________________________________ 4. It is 9:30 a.m. ________________________________________ ________________________________________ 5. Sophia is in Argentina. ________________________________________ ________________________________________ 6. That man is my brother. 7. Valentines day is on February 14
th

________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________

8. Samantha is from Brazil.

________________________________________ ________________________________________

9. Christian is eighteen years old.

________________________________________ ________________________________________

10. Im happy because my dog is better. ________________________________________ ________________________________________

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POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES/ ADJETIVOS POSESIVOS

Estos adjetivos indican la posesin de objetos por parte de personas, animales o cosas. Ejemplo: Susan has a car. Her car is blue. objeto El adjetivo posesivo siempre va antes de un objeto

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
my your his her its our their

ADJETIVOS POSESIVOS
Mi (s) Tu(s), su(s) Su, (de l) Su, (de ella) Su(s) (de una cosa) nuestro Su(s) de ellos

A MEMORIZAR!
Memorice los adjetivos posesivos.

EJERCICIO 7
I. Escoja el adjetivo posesivo correcto del cuadro para completar el prrafo.

My

his

her

their

our

Look at this picture! I am the boy on the left. The little girl who is on the right is 1. my sister. She loves 2. _____ doll. The old people in the middle are my grandparents. They live in the countryside and 3. _____house is really big. My sister and I love 4.______ grandparents because they always have candies for us. The man on the back is my father, 5. _______ name is Tom and the woman next to him is my mother, Katherine.

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II. COMPLETE LOS ESPACIOS CON UN ADJETIVO POSESIVO. 1. Julia visits ______ mother once a month. 2. Peter and I like ______ new house. 3. Joseph loves ________ daughter. 4. My children always play with _______ cousins. 5. My dog eats ______ food quickly. 6. Anthony lives with______ wife far away. 7. Katherine calls _____ boyfriend every day. 8. Do you like _______ job? 9. Colombia is a nice country and _______ people are kind and polite. 10. I dont live with _______ parents.

III. COMPLETE LAS ORACIONES USANDO UN ADJETIVO POSESIVO + UNA DE LAS PALABRAS QUE SE ENCUENTRAN EN EL CUADRO wife name job keys phone number

1. Peter likes ________________ because he works there just a few hours. 2. Andrew is married and he loves ________________. 3. I want to call David and Thomas. Do you know _______________________? 4. I dont know that woman over there. Do you know _____________________? 5. I cant find _______________. Where are they?

POSSESSIVE CASES / CASO POSESIVO

Se utiliza s (el apstrofe + s) para indicar posesin para una persona o un animal. Ejemplos: Richards car is blue. My dogs nose is dry. El carro de Richard es azul. El libro de mi hermano es interesante. La nariz de mi perro est seca. My brothers book is interesting.

Observe que en ingls primero se coloca la persona o el animal seguido por la apstrofe + s

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OTROS CASOS En el caso de tener un sustantivo plural que termine en s se agrega nicamente apstrofe. Ejemplos: My sisters dolls. The students books. Las muecas de mis hermanas Los libros de los estudiantes.

Si deseamos indicar posesin para un objeto se utiliza la estructura "of" (del, de la). Ejemplos: The door of the house is brown. The title of the book is interesting. La puerta de la casa es caf. El ttulo del libro es interesante.

En caso de referirnos a dos personas el apstrofe va nicamente despus de la segunda persona. Ejemplo: John and Carols shoes are new nuevos. Los zapatos de John y Carol son

A MEMORIZAR!
Revise los diferentes casos posesivos al utilizar la s.

EJERCICIO 8
I. ENCIERRE EL CASO POSESIVO CORRECTO 1. _____________ is intelligent. a. Brians daughter
the citys name

b. The daughter of Brian

c. Brians daughter
c. the names city

2. Whats _______________?
a. b. the name of the city

3. ____________ is very small. a. The house of my parents parents 4. Are these _____________? a. your childrens toys a. Englands capital England b. the toys of your children b. capitals England c. your childrens toys b. My parents house c. My houses

5. London is ________________. c. the capital of

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II. ORDENE LAS SIGUIENTES PALABRAS PARA FORMAR FRASES: 1. car / Mr. Brown/ s ______________________________ is old. 2. My / house/ s / cousin ________________________________ is very big. 3. My/ business/ parents ________________________________ is successful. 4. The / of / the / door/ car ________________________________ is small. 5. s/ Tina / children ________________________________ are smart. III. ESCRIBA EL CASO POSESIVO S CON LOS SIGUIENTES SUSTANTIVOS: 1. suit / Ken _____________________________________________ 2. the window / the classroom _____________________________________________ 3. son / Mrs. Clark _____________________________________________ 4. birthday / my brother _____________________________________________ 5. books/ the students _____________________________________________

Possessive Pronouns / Pronombres Posesivos

Los pronombres posesivos se utilizan para indicar a quin pertenece algo. El pronombre posesivo sustituye al sustantivo. EJEMPLO: 1. Its my dictionary. Its mine. (Este es mi diccionario. Este es mo)

2. Andrew has a new computer. The computer is his. (Andrew tiene una nueva computadora. La computadora es de l)

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A continuacin el cuadro explicativo con todos los pronombres posesivos.

Possessive Pronouns/ pronombres posesivos

mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs mo/a/os/as tuyo/a/os/as suyo/a/os/as suyo/a/os/as suyo/a/os/as nuestro/a/os/as vuestro/a/os/as suyo/a/os/as

A MEMORIZAR!
Memorice todos los pronombres posesivos y REVISE los adjetivos posesivos presentados en el captulo UNO. Note la diferencia entre un adjetivo posesivo y un pronombre posesivo. Ejemplos: It is my car. ( My siempre va antes de un objeto) This car is mine. ( mine va despus de un verbo)

EJERCICIO 9
I. COMPLETE LAS ORACIONES USANDO UN PRONOMBRE POSESIVO. 1. It is your money. Its__________ 2. It is Susans book. Its ________ 3. That is Katherine and Richards computer. Thats _________. 4. Its my suitcase. Its _______ 5. They are Marcos shoes. They are _________ 6. Its your coat. Its _________ 7. It is our classroom. Its ___________ 8. They are Anns pens. They are_________. 9. The cats belong to Lisa and Sheila. The cats are _____________ . 10. It is our dictionary. Its _____________.

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II. REVISE TODOS LOS CASOS DE LOS ADJETIVOS POSESIVOS (UNIDAD UNO) Y PRONOMBRES POSESIVOS Y COMPLETE EL SIGUIENTE CUADRO POSSESSIVE CASES POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES Its Susans cat. Its Kevins computer. Those are John and Carlas books. These are Tinas dresses. Thats the dogs food. Those are Sofias brothers. It is her cat. It is hers. POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS

III. COMPLETE LAS SIGUIENTES ORACIONES CON UN ADJETIVO POSESIVO (my - your - his - her - its - our - your their) O CON UN PRONOMBRE POSESIVO (mine - yours - his hers - its - ours - yours theirs) 1. Thomas and Ann visit __________friends every weekend. 2. Liz sometimes goes to Canada for ________ holidays. 3. This is Tony and Katys car. It's __________ . 4. This is Sonias computer. It's__________ . 5. The cat has ______ own place here. 6. Maggie and _____ brother work downtown. 7. Louis loves ______ daughter. 8. I have a new laptop. That laptop is ________ 9. Those are the childrens toys. They are ___________. 10. Joseph and ______ wife are kind people.

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Whose? / De quin?
Se utiliza whose para preguntar de quin o a quienes pertenece o pertenecen tal o cual objeto. Ejemplos: Whose book is it? De quin es este libro? Whose pens are they? De quines son estos esferos? En ingls siempre se coloca el objeto despus de la palabra whose y luego el verbo con relacin al objeto ya sea en plural o singular. Tenga cuidado cuando utilice la pregunta who is: whos? porque en este caso la pregunta es Quin es? A continuacin veamos las diferencias entre whose y whos. Ejemplos: Whose keys are they? (Whose + sustantivo): La pregunta se refiere a posesin. Who is he? (Who + verbo + sujeto): La pregunta se refiere a quin.

EJERCICIO 10
I. ENCIERRE EN UN CIRCULO WHO OR WHOSE a. Who/ Whose toys are these? b. Who / Whose is that man over there? c. Whose / Who umbrella is this? d. Whose / Who are they? e. Who /Whose keys are those?

II. REALICE PREGUNTAS PARA LAS SIGUIENTES RESPUESTAS QUE SE ENCUENTRAN SUBRAYADAS, USE WHOSE. a. Those are my brothers pens. ________________________________ b. That is my nieces dress. _________________________________ c. They are Alans shoes. _________________________________ d. They are my books. _________________________________ e. It is his suit. _________________________________

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III. ANTES DE REALIZAR ESTE EJERCICIO REVISE EL CASO POSESIVOS Y LUEGO ESCRIBA UNA ORACION UTILIZANDO EL NOMBRE QUE SE ENCUENTRA EN PARENTESIS + EL CASO POSESIVOS Ejemplo: 0. Whose toy is it? (George) 1. - Whose car is it? (Rose) 2. - Whose radio is it? (Richard) 3. - Whose computer is it? (Susan) 4. - Whose pen is it? (Steven) 5. - Whose crayons are they? (the children) Its Georges car. ___________________________ . ___________________________ . ____________________________ . ____________________________ . _____________________________ .

6. - Whose erasers are they? (these students) __________________________ . 7. - Whose gloves are they? (Peter) 8. - Whose bags are they? (Roy and Sue) 9. - Whose rings are they? (the girls) 10. - Whose watch is it? (my grandfather) ____________________________ . ________________________ . _________________________. ___________________________

PRONOMBRES DEMOSTRATIVOS
Los pronombres demostrativos identifican una cosa o cosas que se encuentran cerca o lejos en espacio y tiempo. Observe el siguiente cuadro:

cerca singular plural this these

(traduccin) Esto Estos

lejos that those

(traduccin) esos esos

Ejemplos:

This ruler belongs to Daniel. These rulers belong to Daniel.

(Esta regla pertenece a Daniel) (Estas reglas pertenecen a Daniel)

That man answered the question. Those men answered the question.

(Ese hombre respondi la pregunta) (Esos hombres respondieron la pregunta)

Tome en cuenta que no solamente el pronombre demostrativo es el que cambia en la oracin al convertir a la oracin en plural sino que ocurren otros cambios como la pluralizacin del sustantivo y la conjugacin del verbo.

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Ejemplo: That car is old. Those cars are old. Es importante mencionar que cuando la oracin poseen las palabras: here, significa que el objeto en cuestin se encuentra cerca. There: significa que el objeto se encuentra lejos

EJERCICIO 11
I. ENCIERRE EN UN CIRCULO EL PRONOMBRE DEMOSTRATIVO CORRECTO a. That / Those / This laptops are expensive. b. That / These/ Those spoon is dirty. c. This / Those/ These night table is old. d. These / This/ That pots are big. e. That / These/ Those is the answer. f. This / These/ Those is my bedroom.

g. Those/ That / This are important notebooks. h. That/ These/This are my pens. i. j. Is these / those / that bedroom for me? Are that / those / this forks new?

k. How much are this/ that/ these books? l. Are this / those/ that pillows over there yours?

2. CAMBIE LAS SIGUIENTES ORACIONES DE SINGULAR A PLURAL

a. This book is good. b. That computer is old. c. This dictionary is big. d. That car is new. e. This child is intelligent. f. That country is interesting. These books are good. ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________

3. CAMBIE LAS SIGUIENTES ORACIONES DE PLURAL A SINGULAR a. These candies are very sweet. ___________________________________ b. Those pictures are small. c. These people are kind. d. Those desks are dirty. e. These knives are sharp. ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________

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4. COMPLETE EL SIGUIENTE DIALOGO USANDO: this/that/ these / those Salesperson: Good morning! Can I help you? Customer: Good morning. Are a. _______ towels over there on sale? Salesperson: Do you mean b. _________ towels here? Customer: Yes, c.________ blue towels. Salesperson: Im afraid they arent, but I have d._______ yellow towel here which is on sale. Customer: Thank you, but I dont like e. ______ color.

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UNIT THREE
THERE IS/ THERE ARE
Estas dos estructuras significan HAY, y la diferencia radica en que There is se utiliza en el singular y There are en el plural. Ejemplo: There is a teacher in the class. (Hay un profesor en la clase) There are students in the class. (Hay estudiantes en la clase) Siendo THERE IS una estructura que se usa para el singular normalmente va seguido de a/an indicando una cosa u objeto cuando el sustantivo que le sigue es contable: There is a book in the shelf. (Hay un libro en el estante) Book es un sustantivo contable por lo que es necesario el uso del artculo indefinido a/an. There is water in the vase. (Hay agua en el florero)

Water es un sustantivo no contable por lo que no es posible usar el artculo indefinido que significa un o uno/una. La expresin ANY se utiliza para nicamente al realizar oraciones negativas y preguntas y por lo general con there are o con un sustantivo no contable. Ejemplo: There arent any desks in class. (No hay ningn escritorio en clase) ORACION NEGATIVA Are there any desks in class? (Hay algn escritorio en clase?) PREGUNTA

A continuacin observemos como se forman las oraciones afirmativas, negativas y preguntas:

AFIRMATIVAS

NEGATIVAS

PREGUNTAS
Is there a radio? Is there a car?

SHORT ANSWERS
Yes, there is. No, there isn't

GU LA R SI N

There is a radio. There is not a radio. There isn't a car. There's a car

PL UR

There are erasers. There are not erasers. There are books.

Are there erasers?

Yes, there are.

AL

There aren't any books. Are there any books? No, there aren't

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EJERCICIO 12
I. ESCOJA LA OPCION CORRECTA PARA COMPLETAR LAS SIGUIENTES ORACIONES O PREGUNTAS. 1. __________ any glasses on the table? a. there is b. are there c. there arent 2. ________ a Chinese restaurant near here? a. are there b. is there c. there isnt 3. _________ any churches in town. a. there isnt b. is there c there arent 4. ________ a sandwich on the table. a. are there b. there are 5. ________ five people outside. a. there are b. there isnt c. there arent

d. is there d. there arent

d. there are

d. there is

c. is there

d. there is

II. COMPLETE LAS SIGUIENTES ORACIONES CON THERE IS O THERE ARE. 1. __________ a meeting in his office. 2. __________ a lot of people in the supermarket right now. 3. __________ a mistake in this page. 4. __________ two friends waiting for you. 5. In the morning ________ more employees. 6. I think ________ more people interested in changing their vote now.

III. OBSERVE EL CUADRO Y CONTESTE LAS SIGUIENTES PREGUNTAS: 1. Is there a dog? ____________________ 2. Are there any flowers? _____________ 3. Is there a pencil on the table?_______________ 4. Is there a cat on the floor? __________________ 5. Are there any apples on the table? ___________

www.offthemarkcartoons.com

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PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE AND MOVEMENT

Las preposiciones de lugar son palabras que indican la ubicacin de un objeto.

http://england.caduff.org
on: sobre under / below: debajo over/above: por encima in: dentro behind: detrs de in front of: al frente de between: entre into: hacia el interior de out of: fuera de up: arriba through: a travs de across: transversalmente beside /next to: al lado de around: alrededor de

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EJERCICIO 13
I. OBSERVE LOS SIGUIENTES CUADROS Y CONTESTE LAS PREGUNTAS USANDO UNA PREPOSICION DE LUGAR. A VECES MAS DE UNA RESPUESTA ES POSIBLE.

1. Where is the cat? 2. Where is the tree? 3. Where is airplane? 4. Where is the old woman? 5. Where are the cars? 6. Where is the phone? 7. Where is the clock? 8. Where is the sink? 9. Where is the lamp? 10. Where is the plant? 11. Where is Paul? 12. Where are the cars?

The cat is ________________ the table _____________________________ the house _____________________________ the air ______________________________ the piano _____________________________ the parking lot ______________________________ the table ______________________________ the wall _____________________________ the bathroom ______________________________ night table _______________________________ the piano _______________________________ Anna. _______________________________ the road.

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II. OBSERVE LOS SIGUIENTES CUADROS Y COLOQUE UN ( ) SI LA ORACION ESTA CORRECTA, CASO CONTRARIO ESCRIBA LA PREPOSICION CORRECTA

1. The cat is under the table. _____________________________

2. The apple is on the books. ________________________

3. The woman is behind the computer. __________________________________

4. The ball is under the dog. ____________________________

5. The pictures are in the wall. _______________________________________ III. COMPLETE LAS SIGUIENTES ORACIONES USANDO IN / ON

a. There is a wonderful picture ________ the wall. b. My brother lives _______ Australia. c. Is there a pen _____ your bag? d. Dont sit _______ that chair. It is old. e. Look! There is a dictionary ______ the table.

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UNIT FOUR
SIMPLE PRESENT / PRESENTE SIMPLE
Se utiliza para expresar hbitos o costumbres, es decir acciones que se realizan a diario, rutinas de la vida cotidiana. Ejemplo: I take a shower every day. (Yo tomo una ducha todos los das.) Adems este tiempo se utiliza para expresar hechos o verdades generales. Ejemplo: Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. (El agua hierve a 100 grados centgrados) El presente simple se forma de la siguiente manera:

SIMPLE PRESENT I sleep You sleep

PRESENTE SIMPLE Yo duermo Tu duermes

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He sleeps She sleeps It sleeps We sleep You sleep They sleep

El duerme Ella duerme (para referirnos a objetos) nosotros dormimos Ustedes duermen Ellos duermen

NOTA: El nico cambio que se realiza al realizar oraciones positivas es cuando hablamos de las terceras personas, es decir: he, she o it, porque en este caso tenemos que aadir s a los verbos. CAMBIOS ORTOGRAFICOS PARA LAS TERCERAS PERSONAS La regla general para formar una oracin en el presente simple con las terceras personas, es aadir la s a los verbos: Ejemplos: I work -> she works I dance -> he dances

Sin embargo existen algunas reglas para ciertos verbos: 1.- Si un verbo termina en o, sh, ch, x se aade -es Ejemplos: I watch -> she watches (mirar) I go -> she goes (ir) I wash - she washes (lavar) I fix she fixes (reparar)

2.- Si un verbo termina en y precedido por una consonante, cambiamos la y por i y a continuacin aadimos es. Ejemplos: I study -> she studies (estudiar) I cry -> she cries (llorar)

Observe que estas reglas ortogrficas son las mismas que se aplican para formar los sustantivos en plural.

EJERCICIO 14
I. COLOQUE LOS SIGUIENTES VERBOS CON LOS CAMBIOS ORTOGRAFICOS PARA LAS TERCERAS PERSONAS

sing pass mix fly read

do play cry have carry

relax understand

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study swim go

II.

OBSERVE LOS CUADROS Y ESCRIBA ORACIONES COMPLETAS (SUJETO + VERBO + COMPLEMENTO) EN EL PRESENTE SIMPLE. LAS RESPUESTAS PUEDEN VARIAR PORQUE ESTAS DEPENDEN DE SU CREATIVIDAD. Ejemplo:

a. They cook a delicious soup. b. He_________________ c. Sofia_______________

d. They_________________ e. She_________________ f. She________________

g. The boy_______________

h. The girl______________

I. The man__________

III.

UNA LAS SIGUIENTES EXPRESIONES DE TAL MANERA QUE LA ORACION TENGA SENTIDO a. b. c. d. e. f. g. She watches I brush They read We listen to He drives I wear He plays ______ 1. a car every day. ______ 2. in a bank. ______ 3. tight clothes. ______ 4. computers on the weekends. ______ 5. the radio in the morning. ______6. soccer in a national team. ______ 7. the newspaper.

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h. Sue works i. Sam fixes j. They drink IV.

______ 8. my teeth three times a day. ______ 9. milk for breakfast. ______ 10. T.V. once a while.

ORDENE LAS SIGUIENTES FRASES PARA FORMAR ORACIONES AFIRMATIVAS. INCLUYA LA -S O ES SI ES NECESARIO. a. ( two children/ Robert/ have) ___________________________________________________________________ b. (play / with a ball/ my dog) ____________________________________________________________________ c. (Katys parents / vegetables / sell) ____________________________________________________________________ d. (read/ science fiction books/ my daughter) ____________________________________________________________________ e. ( go / to the park / Adele/ on the weekends) ___________________________________________________________________ f. ( Alexandra and Tom/ on Saturdays/ buy / organic food) ____________________________________________________________________ g. ( love / Brians / carrots and apples/ horse) ___________________________________________________________________ h. ( take / I / a shower / every day) ____________________________________________________________________ i. ( friends / Brendas/ near/ live) ____________________________________________________________________ j. ( interesting / write/ Isabel/ novels) ____________________________________________________________________

V.

SELECCIONE UNO DE LOS VERBOS QUE SE ENCUENTRAN EN EL CASILLERO Y COLQUELO EN LA ORACION CORRECTA. RECUERDE AADIR LA S O ES SI SE TRATA DE UNA TERCERA PERSONA. like start hate sleep eat do swim wash speak rain

a. Rachel ___________ the dishes once a week. b. It ________ a lot this time of the year. c. I never _________ fast food. d. Lucy works at a hotel. She _________ work at 5:00 a.m. e. They _______ French very well because they lived in France for a long time. f. Arthur ________ his homework at night because he has a part-time job.

g. I _________ rats because they are dirty. h. My son usually goes to bed early. He ________ at 7:00 p.m.

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i. j.

We_________ horror films. In fact, we love them. She _________ in the pool twice a week. COLOQUE UNA () EN LA ORACION CORRECTA Y UNA (X) EN LA ORACION INCORRECTA. 1. a. Andrea come from Mexico. b. Andrea comes from Mexico. 2. a. She is married. b. She does married. 3. a. They live in Canada. b. They lives in Canada. 4. a. Joe haves a daughter. b. Joe has a daughter. 5. a. My children study hard. b. My children studies hard. 6. a. Roy plaies with his toys. b. Roy plays with his toys. 7. a. Samuel and Robert study hard for their exams. b. Samuel and Robert studies hard for their exams. 8. a. My dogs like their food. b. My dogs likes their food. 9. a. Anthonys parents wash their car on the weekends. b. Anthonys parents washes their car on the weekends. 10. a. Christians best friend love dogs. b. Christians best friend loves dogs.

VI.

VII. ESCRIBA ORACIONES SOBRE USTED CON LOS SIGUIENTES VERBOS, SI USTED NO CONOCE EL SIGNIFICADO DE DICHOS VERBOS, CONSULTELOS EN EL DICCIONARIO. a. I like______________________________________________ b. I dislike ___________________________________________ c. I love ____________________________________________ d. I hate ____________________________________________ e. I prefer ___________________________________________

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ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY/ ADVERBIOS DE FRECUENCIA

Estos adverbios generalmente se utilizan con oraciones en el presente simple y sirven para indicar la frecuencia de una accin. ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY Always Usually They Often Sometimes Seldom Never always: siempre seldom: rara vez usually: usualmente never: nunca often: a menudo sometimes: a veces take a bus to go to school.

Dichos adverbios siempre van antes de un verbo excepto del verbo to be.

Ejemplos: She never cooks on the weekends. (Ella nunca cocina los fines de semana.)

* f. a. + verb They usually play soccer with their friends. (Ellos usualmente juegan ftbol con sus amigos.)

f.a. + verb Excepcin: They are always on time. (Ellos siempre estn a tiempo)

verb to be + f.a Importante: Al usar never no se puede incluir el auxiliar dont o doesnt Ejemplo: Liz doesnt never go to the disco. (incorrecto)

Liz never goes to the disco. ( correcto) *frequency adverb: f.a.

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ADVERBS OF TIME

reads the newspaper He takes a shower goes to the park

every day. once a week. twice a month. three times a year.

every: cada once a: una vez por

twice a: dos veces por three times a: tres veces por

Los adverbios de tiempo tambin indican la frecuencia de una accin; sin embargo, estos siempre van al final de una oracin. Ejemplos: They go to the swimming pool twice a month. (Ellos van a la piscina dos veces al mes.)

adverb of time She plays tennis every weekend. (Ella juega tenis cada fin de semana.)

adverb of time

How often? / Con qu frecuencia?

Esta es una pregunta comnmente usada para preguntar sobre la periocidad de una accin. Ejemplo: How often do you go to the beach? ( Con qu frecuencia vas a la playa?) I sometimes go to the beach. (Yo voy a veces a la playa.) I go to the beach once a year. (Yo voy a la playa una vez al ao.)

EJERCICIO 15
I. COLOQUE LAS SIGUIENTES PALABRAS EN FORMA ORDENADA. INCLUYA LA S SI ES NECESARIO EN LAS TERCERAS PERSONAS (SHE/HE /IT) a. (never/ cook/ Clare/ on the weekends) _________________________________________________________ ( usually/ Charlotte and Joshua/ to the cinema/ go to) _________________________________________________________ c. ( twice a week/ Samuel/ his car/ wash) _________________________________________________________ d. ( Patrick/ late/ to be / always) _________________________________________________________ e. ( buy / Linda / clothes / three times a year) _________________________________________________________ f. ( tennis / play / Sophia / sometimes) _________________________________________________________ b.

35

II. RESPONDA LAS SIGUIENTES PREGUNTAS CON SU PROPIA RESPUESTA. UTILICE LOS ADVERBIOS DE FRECUENCIA. 1. How often do you take a shower? _______________________________

2. How often does your best friend talk to you? __________________________ 3. How often do you wake up early? ___________________________________ 4. How often do you eat out? ________________________________________ 5. How often do you watch T.V? ______________________________________ 6. How often do you go to the disco? ___________________________________

III. IDENTIFIQUE EL ERROR Y CORRJALO: 1. I go sometimes to the disco. 2. They never are on time. 3. We cook one time a week. 5. He doesnt never eats fast food. _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________

4. She sometimes study French. _______________________________ _______________________________

OBJECT PRONOUNS
El pronombre de objeto sustituye al nombre y por lo general va despus de un verbo. Ejemplo: Richard loves (Katherine) Richard loves her. Richard la ama.

Los pronombres de objeto son los siguientes: SUJETO VERBO PRONOMBRE DE OBJETO me you him Lucy loves her it you us them TRADUCCIN a mi a ti a l a ella a t a ti a nosotros a ellos Lucy me ama a m.

EJERCICIO 16
I. COLOQUE LAS SIGUIENTES FRASES EN UNA FORMA ORDENADA

36

a. ( helps / Lucy/ every day/ them) __________________________________________________ b. (her/ Tony / likes / very much) __________________________________________________ c. ( Bob/ it/ doesnt understand) __________________________________________________ d. ( me/ calls/ my mum/ once a week) __________________________________________________ e. ( on the weekends/ see/ him/ I ) ___________________________________________________

II. REEMPLACE EL NOMBRE QUE SE ENCUENTRA EN NEGRILLA CON EL PRONOMBRE DE OBJETO CORRECTO, OBSERVE EL CUADRO DE ARRIBA. a. Alice always invites Thomas to her house. ________________________________________________________ b. Andrew likes pizza a lot. ________________________________________________________ c. Joseph visits Claudia every Friday. ________________________________________________________ d. Richard doesnt know Charles and Victor. ________________________________________________________ e. I love my children. ________________________________________________________

III. ENCUENTRE EL ERROR EN LA ORACION Y CORRIJA LA PALABRA. 1. Peter likes their. 2. Margaret sends his some letters. 3. Tina gives I money. 4. Andrea helps we with our homework. 5. Homer doesnt understand your. ______________________________ _____________________________ ______________________________ _____________________________ _______________________________

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UNIT FIVE
SIMPLE PRESENT
NEGATIVE SENTENCES/ ORACIONES NEGATIVAS
Para formar las oraciones negativas en el presente simple se necesita del auxiliar dont o doesnt antes del verbo. A continuacin revisemos el siguiente cuadro: PRESENTE SIMPLE: ORACIONES NEGATIVAS I You He She It does not doesn't work. do not don't

38

We You They I dont work. (Yo no trabajo) Observe que al usar: I, you, we, they utilizamos el auxiliar dont + ve rbo. do not don't

Ejemplo: I do not have a son. = I dont have a son. (Yo no tengo un hijo.) Mientras que al usar he, she o it utilizamos el auxiliar doesnt + la forma base del verbo (sin aadir la s). As, entonces tenemos: Oracin afirmativa: She works in a bank. (Ella trabaja en un banco) Oracin negativa: She doesnt work in a bank. (Ella no trabaja en un banco)

QUESTIONS / PREGUNTAS Yes/ no Questions/ Preguntas de si/no

Para formar preguntas, se debe usar auxiliares. DO y DOES son los auxiliares que se usan en presente simple y, como en los negativos, DOES es solamente para la tercera persona. En el siguiente cuadro, podr observar que lo nico que se hace para formar una pregunta en el presente simple en ingls es aadir el auxiliar correspondiente al frente del sujeto. El verbo de la tercera persona (HE, SHE, IT) va en su forma bsica, no se debe aadir la s como en las oraciones afirmativas. AUXILIARY Do Do Does Does Does Do Do Do SUBJECT PRONOUN I you he she it we you they VERB work work work work COMPLEMENT in a supermarket? 8 hours a day? in a project? SHORT ANSWERS Yes, you do/ No, you dont. Yes, I do/ No, I dont Yes, he does/ No, he doesnt Yes, she does/ No, she Yes, it does./ No, it doesnt Yes, you do / No, you dont

for my father? doesnt work hard? work work work for UNESCO?

hard to earn good money? Yes, we do / No, we dont in a factory? Yes, they do/ No, they dont

39

Information Questions/ Preguntas Informativas

Preguntas de informacin quieren decir el tipo de preguntas que se hacen para obtener algn tipo de informacin especfica, no solamente si o no como las preguntas estudiadas anteriormente. Para realizar este tipo de pregunta es necesario saber el significado de las palabras que nos permiten realizarlas: WHAT WHERE WHERE FROM WHEN WHICH WHY HOW HOW OLD HOW OFTEN WHAT TIME qu dnde de dnde cundo cul/ cules por qu cmo cuntos aos con qu frecuencia qu hora/ a qu hora

Observe el siguiente cuadro: QUESTION WORD What time Where Why How often Who When What AUXILIARY do do does does does do do SUBJECT PRONOUNS I you he she it we you VERB start have lunch arrive go come take buy COMPLEMENT school? every day? late every day? to the gym? with? the final exams? for Christmas? at 8! at the cafeteria I don't know. every Saturday. his owner. next week. presents for everybody. by car. ANSWER

How

do

they

come

to school?

Como se puede dar cuenta, para la pregunta informativa tambin se usan auxiliares en la misma posicin y lo nico que se hace es aadir las palabras interrogativas al inicio de la misma. Mire el siguiente ejemplo: The children play soccer in the park every day at 7 p.m. Si quisiera preguntar, qu juegan los nios: What do the children play? Si la pregunta es con qu frecuencia juegan futbol los nios How often do the children play soccer?

40

Si quisiera preguntar a qu hora juegan los nios futbol: What time do the children play soccer? Mire el siguiente ejemplo: Lady Gaga sings in enormous usually at night. Si quisiera preguntar en dnde canta Lady Gaga: Where does Lady Gaga sing? A qu hora usualmente canta: What time does she usually sing?

EJERCICIO 17
I. CON EL MISMO VERBO DE LA PRIMERA ORACIN COMPLETE LA SEGUNDA ORACIN PERO EN FORMA NEGATIVA. 1. He likes to go Shopping but she ____________ to drive to the mall. 2. She creates very interesting works of art. He ___________ anything interesting. 3. They enjoy playing tennis with their children but the other couple ___________ it. 4. She likes to wear leather clothes but her daughter ___________ it. 5. She drives a brand new car. Her brother ___________ one. II. TRANSFORME LAS SIGUENTES ORACIONES A NEGATIVAS. 1. She writes for an important newspaper. _______________________________. 2. They come to classes on Saturdays._________________________________. 3. In the afternoon my boss has a sandwich. _____________________________. 4. Her parents still give her Money. ____________________________________. 5. I agree with you. __________________________________________________. 6. This secretary types a lot of letters. ___________________________________. 7. My children speak three languages. __________________________________ 8. George pays the bills every Friday. _________________________________ 9. His cousin does his homework in the evenings. __________________________ 10. Albert and Thomas play soccer very well. ____________________________ III. DE LA SIGUIENTE ORACIN, ESCRIBA LA ORACIN NEGATIVA, PREGUNTA DE SI Y NO Y PREGUNTAS PARA QUE LAS PALABRAS SUBRAYADAS SEAN LA RESPUESTA. Ejemplo: He cleans his house every weekend after lunch. Oracin Negativa: He doesnt clean his house every day after lunch. Pregunta de Si y No: Does he clean his house every day after lunch? Pregunta/ respuesta, his house: What does he clean every weekend after lunch? Pregunta/ respuesta, every weekend: How often does he clean his house? 1. Peter comes to school after work. Oracin Negativa: Pregunta de si y no: _____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

Pregunta/ respuesta: to school:________________________________________ Pregunta/ respuesta: after work:_______________________________________

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2. Karinas children go to the movies on the weekend. Oracin Negativa: ___________________________________________ Pregunta de si y no: _______________________________________

Pregunta/ respuesta: to the movies: ____________________________________ Pregunta/ respuesta: on the weekend: ___________________________________ 3. My father feeds the dog in the mornings. Oracin Negativa: ___________________________________________ Pregunta de si y no: Pregunta/ respuesta: the dog: _______________________________________ ______________________________________

Pregunta/ respuesta: in the mornings:___________________________________

4. The secretary types four of letters every day. Oracin Negativa: ___________________________________________ Pregunta de si y no: Pregunta/ respuesta: four ______________________________________ ___________________________________________

Pregunta/ respuesta: every day: ________________________________________

5. Sarah wakes up at 9:00 a.m on the weekends. Oracin Negativa: __________________________________________________

Pregunta de si y no: _________________________________________________ Pregunta/ respuesta: 9:00 a.m _________________________________________ Pregunta/ respuesta: on the weekends. __________________________________

6. He works on the weekends because he needs money to pay his car. Oracin Negativa: ___________________________________________________ Pregunta de si y no: _________________________________________________ Pregunta/ respuesta: on the weekends___________________________________ Pregunta/ respuesta: because he needs money to pay his car ________________ __________________________________________________________________

IV. ANTES DE REALIZAR ESTE EJERCICIO REVISE LA UNIDAD CINCO. COMPLETE LAS SIGUIENTES ORACIONES CON LA FORMA CORRECTA DEL VERBO ENTRE PARNTESIS. 1. Patrick ____________ (want) to come with us on our trip. 2. Mary ___________ (not travel) to her hometown every weekend. 3. _______ your parents _________ (cook) dinner together every day?

42

4. Every Saturday the students _________ (come) to school. 5. _________Carla _________ (live) with her daughter in a small apartment? 6. _______ you _______( work) on the weekends? 7. If you want to be healthy, you ___________ (need) to drink a lot of water. 8. Jennifer _________ (not like) to plan her vacations. 9. The bank and the store next to my house __________ (close) at 5 p.m. 10. _______ your sister __________ (do) her homework very late at night?

VERBS AS A COMPLEMENT, AND, BUT, SO, BECAUSE

Las siguientes conjunciones (and, but, so, because) sirven para conectar ideas. A continuacin detallaremos cada una de ellas. AND: Une dos ideas que se encuentran relacionadas: Ejemplo: I like tea and she likes coffee. (A m me gusta el t y a ella le gusta el caf) BUT: Une una idea positiva y una negativa. Ejemplo: I like soccer, but I dont like tennis. (Me gusta el ftbol pero no me gusta el tennis.) SO: Expresa un resultado Ejemplo: I need money so I have to go to the bank. ( Necesito dinero , por lo tanto, tengo que ir al banco) BECAUSE: Expresa una razn. Ejemplo: I study because I want to have a good exam. ( Estudio porque quiero tener un buen examen)

EJERCICIO 18
I. COLOQUE BUT O SO EN LOS SIGUIENTES ESPACIOS, SELECCIONE LA CONJUNCION QUE DE SENTIDO A LA ORACION 1. She usually studies hard, ___ she doesnt understand. ___ she is learning a lot.

2. She is British

___ she speaks English. ___ she lives in Portugal.

43

3. He is a doctor

___ he works in a hospital. ___ he doesnt like his job.

4. She plays soccer

___ she goes to the stadium very often. ___ she doesnt like basketball.

5. Sarah loves apples

___ she doesnt like oranges.

___ she drinks apple juice a lot .

II.

COLOQUE AND, BUT , SO O BECAUSE EN LAS SIGUIENTES ORACIONES a. I need to study _________ I have an exam tomorrow. b. She lives in France ______ she doesnt speak French very well. c. They play golf ______ tennis. d. Andrea knows how to cook______ she can prepare dinner tonight. e. Matthew goes jogging every day, _______ he is in good shape.

III.

COMPLETE LAS SIGUIENTES ORACIONES: a. My brother studies Japanese because __________________________ b. I am very busy so ___________________________________________ c. Sally doesnt like broccoli, but_____________________________ ___ d. I want to go to Egypt, but ________________________________ e. I like dogs so _________________________________

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RESPUESTA DE LOS EJERCICIOS

UNIT ONE
EJERCICIO 1 I. 1. am 2. is 3. is 4. is 5. are 6. is 7. is 8. is II. 1. She is from Venezuela. 2. It is cold today. 3. I am thirty years old. 4. Her name is Jennifer. 5. My homework is very difficult. III. Las siguientes respuestas es de un sujeto X, las respuestas que Ud. escribi deben estar relacionadas a Ud. 1. I am twenty five years old. 2. I am an engineer. 3. I am tall and handsome. 4. I am in my bedroom. 5. I am from Tulcn. EJERCICIO 2 I. 1. The car isnt in the garage. 2. Im not an assistant. 3. Karina isnt my friend. 4. The teachers arent late. 5. It isnt my book. II. 1. Im not a doctor. 2. Im not 40 years old. 3. Im not lazy. 4. Im not Colombian.

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5. Im not in class. EJERCICIO 3 I. 1. Carmen isnt my mother. Is Carmen your mother? Yes, she is/ No, she isnt 2. His house isnt far away. Is his house far away? Yes, it is/ No, it isnt 3. The flowers arent beautiful. Are the flowers beautiful? Yes, they are/ No, they arent 4. Im not a successful student. Are you a successful student? Yes, I am/ No, Im not II. 1. Are you Peruvian? 2. Are you a student? 3. Are you thirty years old? 4. Is your mother Ecuadorian? 5. Is your university good? III. Dependiendo de su realidad, las repuestas pueden ser: 1. Yes, I am/ No, Im not. 2. Yes, I am/ No, Im not. 3. Yes, I am/ No, Im not. 4. Yes, he is/ No, he isnt. EJERCICIO 4 I. A elephant example orange aunt umbrella accountant eraser architect apple idea II. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. III. a. an b. an c. a the d. a e. an f. an a the a the an the AN job horse pencil dictionary rose house wife teacher computer pen

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g. a h. an i. an the j. an - the EJERCICIO 5 I. a. mice b. people c. geese d. feet e. oxen II. 1. flowers 2. dishes 3. doors 4. bushes 5. tomatoes 6. wives 7. dog 8. chairs 9. babies 10. folders III. a. children b. box c. bus d. people e. mice f. countries g. tomatoes h. watch i. glasses j. church

UNIT TWO
EJERCICIO 6 I. 1. c 2. a 3. b 4. a 5. c 6. c 7. b 8. c 9. b 10. c II. 1. Is the answer in the book? Where is the answer? 2. Are your friends good professionals? What are your friends? 3. Is the secretary efficient?

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4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

How is the secretary? Is it 9:30 a.m? What time is it? Is Sophia in Argentina? Where is Sophia? Is that man your brother? Who is that man? th Is Valentines Day on February 14 ? When is Valentines Day? Is Samantha from Brazil? Where is Samantha from? Is Christian eighteen years old? How old is Christian? Are you happy because your dog is better? Why are you happy?

EJERCICIO 7 I. 1. my 2. her 3. their 4. our 5. his II. 1. her 2. our 3. his 4. their 5. its 6. his 7. her 8. your 9. its 10. my III. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

his his wife their phone number her name my keys

EJERCICIO 8 I. 1. a 2. b 3. b 4. a 5. c II. 1. Mr. Browns car 2. My cousins house 3. My parents business 4. The door of the car

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5. Tinas children III. 1. Kens suit 2. the window of the classroom 3. Mrs. Clarks son 4. my brothers birthday 5. the students books EJERCICIO 9 I. 1. yours 2. hers 3. theirs 4. mine 5. his 6. yours 7. ours 8. hers 9. theirs 10. ours II. POSSESSIVE CASES Its Susans cat. Its Kevins computer. Those are John and Carlas books. These are Tinas dresses. Thats the dogs food. They are Sofias pencils. POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES It is her cat. It is his computer. Those are their books. These are her dresses. That is its food. They are her pencils. POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS It is hers. It is his. Those books are theirs. These dresses are hers. That food is its. They are hers.

III. 1. their 2. her 3. theirs 4. hers 5. its 6. her 7. his 8. mine 9. theirs 10. his EJERCICIO 10 I. a. whose b. Who c. Whose d. Who e. Whose II.

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a. Whose pens are those? b. Whose dress is that? c. Whose shoes are they? d. Whose books are they? e. Whose suit is it? III. 1. It is Roses car. 2. It is Richards radio. 3. It is Susans computer 4. It is Stevens pen. 5. They are the childrens crayons 6. They are these students erasers. 7. They are Peters gloves. 8. They are Roy and Sues bags. 9. They are the girls rings. 10. It is my grandfathers watch. EJERCICIO 11 I. a. Those b. That c. This d. These e. That f. This g. Those h. these i. that j. those k. these l. those II. b. Those computers are old c. These dictionaries are big. d. Those cars are new. e. These children are intelligent. f. Those countries are big. III. a. This candy is sweet. b. That picture is small. c. This person is kind. d. That desk is dirty. e. This knife is sharp. IV. a. those b. these c. those d. this e. that/this

UNIT THREE
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EJERCICIO 12 I. 1. - b. Are there 2. - b. Is there 3.- c. There arent 4.- d. There is 5.- a. There are II. 1. There is 2. There are 3. There is 4. There are 5. There are 6. There are III. 1. Yes, there is 2. Yes, there are. 3. Yes, there is. 4. No, there isnt. 5. No, there arent. EJERCICIO 13 I. 1. The cat is under the table 2. The tree is behind the house. 3. The airplane is on the air. 4. The old woman is in front of the piano. 5. The cars are in the parking lot. 6. The phone is on the table. 7. The clock is on the wall. 8. The sink is in the bathroom. 9. The lamp is on the night table. 10. The plant is next to the piano. 11. Paul is in front of Anna. 12. The cars are on the road. II. 1. INCORRECT The cat is on the table. 2. CORRECT ( ) 3. INCORRECT The woman is in front of the computer. 4. CORRECT ( ) 5. INCORRECT The pictures are on the wall. III. a. on b. in c. in d. on e. on

UNIT FOUR
EJERCICIO 14

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I.
sing pass mix fly read sings passes mixes flies reads

do play cry have carry

does plays cries has carries

relax understand study swim go

relaxes understands studies swims goes

II.

a. They cook a delicious soup b. He plays soccer. c. Sofia uses the computer. d. They wash a car. e. She cleans the windows. f. She sleeps on the bed. g. The boy drinks milk. h. The girl swims in the pool. i. The man reads the newspaper. e- 1 h-2 f-3 i-4 d-5 g-6 c-7 b-8 j-9 a-10 a. Robert has two children. b. My dog plays with a ball. c. Katys parents sell vegetables. d. My daughter reads science fiction books. e. Adele goes to the park on weekends. f. Alexandra and Tom buy organic food on Saturdays. g. Brians horse loves carrots and apples. h. I take a shower every day. i. Brendas friends live near. j. Isabel writes interesting novels.

III.

IV.

V. a. washes b. rains c. eat d. starts e. speak f. does g. hate h. sleeps

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i. like j. swims VI. LAS RESPUESTAS CORRECTAS SON: 1.b 2. a 3. a 4.b 5. a 6. b 7. a 8.a 9. a 10. b VII. LAS RESPUESTAS PUEDEN VARIAR a. I like working here b. I dislike broccoli. c. I love French fries. d. I hate rats. e. I prefer coffee. EJERCICIO 15 I. 1. Clare never cooks on the weekends. 2. Charlotte and Joshua usually go to the cinema. 3. Samuel washes his car twice a week. 4. Patrick is always late. 5. Sophia sometimes plays tennis. II. Las respuestas van a variar. Posibles respuestas. 1. I always take a shower. 2. He talks to me every weekend. 3. I usually wake up early. 4. I eat out every weekend. 5. I watch T.V. three times a week. 6. I go to the disco once a month.

III. IDENTIFIQUE EL ERROR Y CORRJALO: 1. I sometimes go to the disco. 2. They are never on time. 3. We cook once a week. 4. She sometimes studies French. 5. He never eats fast food. EJERCICIO 16 I. 1. Lucy helps them every day. 2. Tony likes her very much. 3. Bob doesnt understand it. 4. My mum calls me once a week. 5. I see him on the weekends.

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II. a. Alice always invites him to her house. b. Andrew likes it a lot. c. Joseph visits her every Friday. d. Richard doesnt know them. e. I love them. III. 1. Peter likes them. 2. Margaret sends him some letters. 3. Tina gives me money. 4. Andrea helps us with our homework. 5. Homer doesnt understand you.

UNIT FIVE
EJERCICIO 17 I. 1. doesnt like 2. doesnt create 3. dont enjoy 4. doesnt like 5. doesnt drive II. 1. She doesnt write for an important newspaper. 2. They dont come to classes on Saturdays. 3. In the afternoon my boss doesnt have a sandwich. 4. Her parents dont give her money. 5. I dont agree with you. 6. This secretary doesnt type a lot of letters. 7. My children dont speak three languages. 8. George doesnt pay the bills every Friday. 9. His cousin doesnt do his homework in the evenings. 10. Albert and Thomas dont play soccer very well. III. 1. Peter doesnt come to school after work. Does Peter come to school after work? Where does Peter come after work? When does Peter come to school? Karinas children dont go to the movies on the weekend. Do Karinas children go to the movies on the weekend? Where do Karinas children go on the weekend? When do Karinas children go to the movies? My father doesnt feed the dog in the mornings. Does your father feed the dog in the mornings? What/ Who does your father feed in the mornings? When does your father feed the dog? The secretary doesnt type a lot of letters every day. Does the secretary type a lot of letters every day? How many letters does the secretary type every day?

2.

3.

4.

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How often does the secretary type a lot of letters? 5. Sarah doesnt wake up at 9:00 a.m on the weekends. Does Sarah wake up at 9:00 a.m. on the weekends? What time does Sarah wake up on the weekends? When does Sarah wake up at 9:00 a.m.? He doesnt work on the weekends because he doesnt need money to pay his car. Does he work on the weekends because he needs money to pay his car? When does he work? Why does he work?

6.

IV. 1. wants 2 doesnt travel 3. Do - cook 4. come 5. Does- live 6. Do - work 7. need 8. doesnt like 9. close 10. Does do

EJERCICIO 18 I. 1. but so 2. so but 3. so but 4. so but 5. but so II. a. because b. but c. and d. so e. so III. LAS RESPUESTAS PUEDEN VARIAR. POSIBLES RESPUESTAS. a. because he wants to go to Japan. b. so I cant go to the cinema c. but she likes lettuce d. but I dont have m oney. e. so I have one at home

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