ENG 102BC

Watch the following clip...

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mlX5BEadCkI

Fragments
A sentence is a group of words that has three elements: Subject Verb And a Complete thought A fragment seems to be a complete sentence but it lacks either a Subject Verb Or a complete thought.

Fragments
What are the two basic ways to correct sentence fragments? Add what is missing (subject, verb, or both)
Attach fragment to sentence before or after it

Fragments
What are the five trouble spots that signal possible fragments? A word group that begins with a(n) Preposition

Spotting Fragments
A word group that begins with a preposition
I pounded as hard as I could. Against the door.

*correct by joining* I pounded as hard as I could against the door.

Spotting Fragments
What are the five trouble spots that signal possible fragments? A word group that begins with a(n) Preposition Dependent word

Spotting Fragments
A word group that begins with a dependent word
Since I moved. I have eaten out every day.
Common Dependent words: after, although, as/as if/ as though, because, before, how, once, since, that, unless, while, until, etc.

*Correct by joining*

Since moving, I have eaten out every day.

Spotting Fragments
What are the five trouble spots that signal possible fragments? A word group that begins with a(n) Preposition Dependent word -ing verb form

Spotting Fragments
A word group that begins with an -ing form verb
I ran as fast as I could. Hoping to get there on time.

*Correct by joining* I was running as fast as I could, hoping to get there on time. *correct by adding missing elements* I was running as fast as I could. I was still hoping to get there on time.

Spotting Fragments
What are the five trouble spots that signal possible fragments? A word group that begins with a(n) Preposition Dependent word -ing verb form to and a verb

Spotting Fragments
A word group that begins with to and a verb
Cheri got underneath the car. To change the oil.

*correct by joining* Cheri got underneath the car to change the oil. To change the oil, Cheri got underneath the car. *correct by adding elements* Cheri got underneath the car. She needed to change the oil.

Spotting Fragments
What are the five trouble spots that signal possible fragments? A word group that begins with a(n) Preposition Dependent word -ing verb form to and a verb an example or explanation

Spotting Fragments
Word groups that are examples or explanations
Freecycle.com recycles usable items. Such as clothing.

*correct by joining*
Freecycle.com recycles usable items such as clothing.

ENG 102
Run-ons

Run-Ons
1. Whats another name for a sentence? Independent clause 2. What term describes two complete sentences joined without any punctuation? Fused sentence All of us went to the movies Jack and Joan did not stay long.

Run-Ons
2. What term describes two complete sentences joined without any punctuation? Fused sentence All of us went to the movies Jack and Joan did not stay long. 3. What term describes two complete sentences joined by only a comma? Comma splice All of us went to the movies, Jack and Joan did not stay long.

Run-Ons
4. What are the five ways to correct run-ons? Add a period All of us went to the movies. Jack and Joan did not stay long. Add a semicolon All of us went to the movies; Jack and Joan did not stay long. Add a semicolon, a conjunctive adverb, and a comma All of us went to the movies; however, Jack and Joan did not stay long.

Run-Ons
4. What are the five ways to correct run-ons? Add a comma and a coordinating conjunction All of us went to the movies, but Jack and Joan did not stay long. Add a dependent word Although all of us went to the movies, Jack and Joan did not stay long.

In-Class Practice
1. The trainee for the tellers position was worried about his speed and unsure of his computer skills. Until he learned the new system. 2. The young naval officer in command had no control over the accident that killed one of his men, nevertheless, the officer was held responsible for the death. 3. The paramedics, who had been called immediately, arrived on the scene very quickly. And knew exactly what to do. 4. We celebrated the Fourth of July with special fervor that year, our experiences overseas had made us appreciate the holidays significance.

In-Class Practice
5. Roger tried to ingratiate himself with the boss by getting to work early and volunteering for overtime. In addition to coming in half a day on Saturdays. 6. The house next door sold for $165,000 Martin was sure he could get more than that for his. 7. Struggling, unpublished writers are sure that publishers, who seek out and publish new authors, are nonexistent. 8. A devoted father, doing everything he could to make sure his children had all the things he had never had as a child.

In-Class Practice
9. Passing the State Departments oral proficiency examination at level two is one thing, passing it at level three is something else altogether. 10. Angelissa was late because she failed to turn right at the traffic light her teacher had warned her about that intersection. 11. One way for parents to pass on their values to their children is to use opportunities that occur daily. Such as, chances to use the simple courtesies of Please and Thank you.

SHIFTS

Eliminate distracting shifts

These distract or confuse readers Point of view Verb tense Mood or voice Indirect to direct questions/quotations

Make the POV consistent in person & number

First person emphasizes writer Good for informal letters and writing based on personal experience Second person emphasizes reader Good for giving advice or explaining how to do something Third person emphasizes subject Best for formal academic and professional writing

Make the POV consistent in person & number

Our class practiced rescuing a victim trapped in a wrecked car. We learned to dismantle the car with the essential tools. You were graded on your speed and your skill in freeing the victim. Our class practiced rescuing a victim trapped in a wrecked car. We learned to dismantle the car with the essential tools. You were graded on your speed and your skill in freeing the victim.

Maintain consistent verb tenses

Consistent verb tenses clearly establish time of the actions being described There was no way I could fight the current and win. Just as I was losing hope, a stranger jumps off a passing boat and swims toward me. There was no way I could fight the current and win. Just as I was losing hope, a stranger jumped off a passing boat and swam toward me. There was no way I could fight the current and win. Just as I was losing hope, a stranger jumped off a passing boat and swam toward me.

Maintain consistent verb tenses

When writing about literature, use present tense (especially fiction) The scarlet letter is a punishment sternly placed on Hesters breast by the community, and yet it was a fanciful and imaginative product of Hesters own needlework. The scarlet letter is a punishment sternly placed on Hesters breast by the community, and yet it is a fanciful and imaginative product of Hesters own needlework.

Make verbs consistent in mood & voice

Three moods in English Indicative is used for facts, opinions, questions Imperative is used for orders or advice Subjunctive is used to express wishes or conditions contrary to fact The counselor advised us to spread out our core requirements over two or three semester. Also, pay attention to pre-requisites for elective courses. The counselor advised us to spread out our core requirements over two or three semester. She also suggested that we pay attention to pre-requisites for elective courses.

Make verbs consistent in mood & voice

Each student completes a self-assessment. The selfassessment is then given to the teacher and a copy is exchanged with a classmate. Each student completes a self-assessment, gives it to the teacher, and exchanges a copy with a classmate.

Avoid sudden shifts from indirect or direct questions or quotations

Indirect question: We asked whether we could visit Miriam Direct question: Can we visit Miriam? I wonder whether Karla knew of the theft and, if so, whether she reported it to the police. I wonder whether Karla knew of the theft and, if so, did she report it to the police? I wonder whether Karla knew of the theft and, if so, whether she reported it to the police.

Avoid sudden shifts from indirect or direct questions or quotations

The patient said she had been experiencing heart palpitations and please run as many tests as possible to find out whats wrong. The patient said she had been experiencing heart palpitations and asked me to run as many tests as possible to find out what was wrong. The patient said she had been experiencing heart palpitations and asked me to run as many tests as possible to find out what was wrong.

Practice
The interviewer asked if we had brought our proof of citizenship and did we bring our passports? The interviewer asked if we had brought our proof of citizenship and our passports.

Grammar Tasks

Write three sentence fragments.

Write three comma-splice run-ons. Write three fused run-ons. Give an incorrect example of each shift rule. Then, correct the example.

Read pages 33-36 and 37-45