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elbow
C Check valve LV Globe valve
D Dry pipe valve NV Angle valve
DG
Globe dry pipe valve: 3 (80mm)
Model D; 4 (100mm) and 6
(150mm) Model F-3/G-3
SR strainer
DR
Reliable dry pipe valve: 2.5
(65mm) Model A; 4 (100mm)
and 6 (150mm) Model D
T Tee, flow turn 90
DT
Tyco dry pipe valve: 2-3
(50mm-80mm) Model AF; 4
(100mm) and 6 (150mm) Model
DPV-1
TN Tee, straight thru path
DV
Viking model F1 dry pipe valve
3-6 (80mm-150mm)
TR
Reducing tee, straight thru path,
50% size reduction
DVN
Victaulic Firelock NXT dry pipe
valve 2.5-8 (65mm-200mm)
VB
Adjust flow at the pipe's start node
for velocity pressure.
E Standard 90
elbow VE
Adjust flow at the pipe's end node
for velocity pressure.
G Gate valve
Page 66 of 86
Materials
Fitting Equivalent Lengths
The following equivalent lengths are used by SHC when fitting codes are entered. These
lengths are based upon schedule 40 steel pipe with a c-factor of 120. SHC follows these
rules for selecting and adjusting fitting equivalent length.
Equivalent lengths may be changed using the Fitting Equivalent Length Editor (on the
menu bar select Tools Materials Fittings ).
Clean installations (non-upgrades) of SHC version 2.2 or later also include fitting codes
predefined for the BSM, BSH, ENM, and ENH materials using equivalent lengths from
Table 23 of BS EN 12845:2004+A2:2009. These values may also be modified with the
Fitting Equivalent Length Editor.
Equivalent fitting length in feet. Based upon schedule 40 steel with C=120
Nominal Pipe Size (inches)
CODE 1 1 1 2 2 3 3
E 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
HE 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 3
LE 1 1 2 2 2 3 4 5 5
T 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 15 17
TN 2 2 2 3 4 5 5
TR 2 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
G 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
LV 16 20 25 34 41 53 61 80 90
NV 8 11 13 18 21 27 32 40 47
C 5 7 9 11 14 16 19
B 6 7 10 11
A 1 1 1 2 3 8 10
D 1 1 1 2 4 10 12
DG 12.61
DR 9.5
DT 23 23 29
DV 3
DVN 11.21 23.82
SR 1 1 1 3 6 17 20
Based upon schedule 40 steel with C=120
Page 67 of 86
Materials
Nominal Pipe Size (inches)
CODE 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
E 10 12 14 18 22 27 30 32 38
HE 4 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 20
LE 6 8 9 13 16 18
T 20 25 30 35 50 60 65 70 80
TN 6 8 9 13 16 18
TR 10 12 14 18 22 27 30 32 38
G 2 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 8
LV 101 120 160 210 290 340
NV 55 60 82 105 145 170
C 22 27 32 45 55 65 70 75 85
B 12 9 10 12 19 21
A 12 15 20 32
D 18 20 30
DG 27.33 43.44
DR 28 47
DT 12.47 30.83
DV 5 49
DVN 29.43 30.83 70.06
SR 30 35 40 70
Based upon schedule 40 steel with C=120
Page 68 of 86
Materials
Equivalent fitting length in meters. Based upon schedule 40 steel with C=120
Nominal Pipe Size (meters)
Code 15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 90
E 0.31 0.61 0.61 0.92 1.22 1.52 1.83 2.13 2.44
HE 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.61 0.61 0.92 0.92 0.92
LE 0.31 0.31 0.61 0.61 0.61 0.92 1.22 1.52 1.52
T 0.92 1.22 1.52 1.83 2.44 3.05 3.66 4.57 5.18
TN 0.61 0.61 0.61 0.92 1.22 1.52 1.52
TR 0.61 0.61 0.61 0.92 1.22 1.52 1.83 2.13 2.44
G 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31
LV 4.88 6.1 7.62 10.4 12.5 16.2 18.6 24.4 27.4
NV 2.44 3.35 3.96 5.49 6.4 8.23 9.75 12.2 14.3
C 1.52 2.13 2.74 3.35 4.27 4.88 5.8
B 1.83 2.13 3.05 3.35
A 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.61 0.92 2.44 3.05
D 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.61 1.22 3.05 3.66
DG 3.85
DR 2.9
DT 7.01 7.01 8.84
DV 0.92
DVN 3.416 7.261
SR 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.92 1.83 5.18 6.1
Based upon schedule 40 steel with C=120
Page 69 of 86
Materials
Nominal Pipe Size (meters)
Code 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
E 3.05 3.66 4.27 5.49 6.7 8.3 9.2 9.8 11.6
HE 1.22 1.52 2.13 2.74 3.4 4 4.6 5.2 6.1
LE 1.83 2.44 2.74 3.96 4.9 5.49
T 6.1 7.6 9.1 10.7 15.2 18.3 19.8 21.3 24.4
TN 1.83 2.44 2.74 3.96 4.88 5.49
TR 3.05 3.66 4.27 5.49 6.71 8.23 9.14 9.75 11.6
G 0.61 0.61 0.92 1.22 1.52 1.83 1.83 2.13 2.44
LV 30.8 36.6 48.8 64 88.4 103.6
NV 16.8 18.3 25 32 44.2 51.8
C 6.71 8.23 9.75 13.7 16.8 19.8 21.3 22.9 25.9
B 3.66 2.74 3.05 3.66 5.79 6.4
A 3.66 4.57 6.1 9.75
D 5.49 6.1 9.14
DG 8.33 13.24
DR 8.54 14.33
DT 3.80 9.40
DV 1.53 14.94
DVN 8.969 9.396 21.36
SR 9.14 10.7 12.2 21.3
Based upon schedule 40 steel with C=120
Page 70 of 86
Materials
Pipe Material
The following piping materials are included with SHC. Use the Pipe Material Editor
(menu item Tools Materials Pipe ) to view, edit, and create new piping materials.
See the Getting Started Guide for an example.
Code Description
S40 Schedule 40 steel ( 12 and under from NFPA 13, 2007 Edition, Table A.6.3.2)
S10 Schedule 10 steel (from NFPA 13, 2007 Edition, Table A.6.3.2)
S5 Schedule 5 steel (from NFPA 13, 2007 Edition, Table A.6.3.2)
CPVC CPVC SDR 13.5 to ASTM F442 Harvel Blazemaster, Victaulic Firelock,
Spears Flameguard (from average i.d. Specifications from www.blazemaster.com
Nov. 2006)
PVC 4 and greater C900 150psi (from approximate i.d. data in PW Eagle Submittal
Sheet MKT-W-701 dated August 2004)
3 and smaller Blazemaster CPVC. Kept for backwards compatibility use
CPVC code instead. (from www.blazemaster.com Nov. 2006)
PVC200 C900 pressure class 200psi (from approximate i.d. Data in PW Eagle Submittal
Sheet MKT-W-701 dated August 2004)
PVC905 C905 pressure class 165psi (from approximate i.d. Data in PW Eagle Submittal
Sheet MKT-W-701 dated August 2004)
CDI Standard Single Layer Thickness Cement Lined Ductile Iron Wall Thickness
Class 50 at lowest pressure grade commonly available (from NFPA 13, 2007
Edition, Table A.10.1.6)
CDI51 Standard Single Layer Thickness Cement Lined Ductile Iron Wall Thickness
Class 51 at lowest pressure grade commonly available (from NFPA 13, 2007
Edition, Table A.10.1.6)
CDI52 Standard Single Layer Thickness Cement Lined Ductile Iron Wall Thickness
Class 52 at lowest pressure grade commonly available (from NFPA 13, 2007
Edition, Table A.10.1.6)
BSM BS 1387 Medium Steel (from Corus Tube data sheet CT07:30000:UK:07/2001)
BSH BS 1387 Heavy Steel (from Corus Tube data sheet CT07:30000:UK:07/2001)
ENL2 EN 10255 Type L2 Steel (from www.infires.co.uk technical bulletin TB227)
ENM EN 10255 Medium Steel (from www.infires.co.uk technical bulletin TB227)
ENH EN 10255 Heavy Steel (from www.infires.co.uk technical bulletin TB227)
CA Type A Copper Tube AS1432 (from Crane Copper Tube data sheet
CRN8316.BMS0905 www.cranecopper.au)
Page 71 of 86
Materials
Code Description
CK Type K Copper Tube (from NFPA 13, 2007 Edition, Table A.6.3.5)
CL Type L Copper Tube (from NFPA 13, 2007 Edition, Table A.6.3.5)
CM Type M Copper Tube (from NFPA 13, 2007 Edition, Table A.6.3.5)
CX Type X Copper Tube BSEN1057 (from Crane Copper Tube data sheet
CRN8345.BMS0905 www.cranecopper.au)
CY Type Y Copper Tube BSEN1057 (from Crane Copper Tube data sheet
CRN8345.BMS0905 www.cranecopper.au)
AXL Allied XL and BLT threadable steel (from
ATHREAD Allied Dyna-Thread steel
AFLO Allied Dyna-Flo steel
BULTRA Bull Moose Tube Company Ultra Eddy Steel (from bmt-eddypipe-brochure.pdf
available from www.bullmoosetube.com)
BFLO Bull Moose Tube Company Eddy Flow Steel (from bmt-eddypipe-brochure.pdf
available from www.bullmoosetube.com)
BLITE Bull Moose Tube Company Eddylite Steel (from bmt-eddypipe-brochure.pdf
available from www.bullmoosetube.com)
BTHREAD Bull Moose Tube Company Eddythread 40 Steel (from bmt-eddypipe-
brochure.pdf available from www.bullmoosetube.com)
WTHREAD Wheatland Tube Company Mega-Thread Steel (from technical data chart
available at www.wheatland.com)
WFLO Wheatland Tube Company Mega-Flow Steel (from technical data chart available
at www.wheatland.com)
WWLS Wheatland Tube Company WLS Steel (from technical data chart available at
www.wheatland.com)
YTHREAD Youngstown Tube Company EZ-Thread Steel (from www.youngstowntube.com)
YFLO Youngstown Tube Company Fire-Flow
tm
Steel (from www.youngstowntube.com)
TS30 Threadable schedule 30 steel (Based upon a manufacturer's brand no longer in
production)
Page 72 of 86
Materials
Internal Diameters
For each corresponding pipe material type code and nominal pipe size, the following
internal diameters are used by SHC (default at original installation). All internal
diameters are editable except for schedule 40 steel pipe (s40 code). Open the pipe
material editor by selecting the menu item Tools Materials Pipe to view, edit, or
create new piping materials.
Internal diameter in inches.
Nominal Pipe Size (inches)
Code 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4
S40 0.622 0.824 1.049 1.380 1.610 2.067 2.469 3.068 3.548 4.026
S10 0.674 0.884 1.097 1.442 1.682 2.157 2.635 3.260 3.760 4.260
S5 1.185 1.530 1.770 2.245 2.709 3.334 3.834 4.334
CPVC 0.874 1.101 1.394 1.598 2.003 2.423 2.950
PVC 0.874 1.101 1.394 1.598 2.003 2.423 2.950 4.22
PVC200 4.06
PVC905
CDI 3.34 4.16
CDI51 3.34 4.16
CDI52 3.28 4.10
BSM 0.634 0.854 1.075 1.417 1.649 2.090 2.712 3.185 4.145
BSH 0.586 0.807 1.012 1.354 1.586 2.019 2.641 3.106 4.075
ENL2 0.868 1.090 1.433 1.665 2.106 2.724 3.193 4.151
ENM 0.854 1.076 1.419 1.651 2.088 2.706 3.179 4.136
ENH 0.807 1.013 1.356 1.588 2.017 2.636 3.100 4.065
CA 0.421 0.637 0.870 1.122 1.37 1.87 2.37 2.838 3.838
CK 0.745 0.995 1.245 1.481 1.959 2.435 2.907 3.385 3.857
CL 0.785 1.025 1.265 1.505 1.985 2.465 2.945 3.425 3.905
CM 0.811 1.055 1.291 1.527 2.009 2.495 2.981 3.459 3.935
CX 0.535 0.795 1.031 1.283 1.559 2.031 2.531 2.878 4.133
CY 0.511 0.771 1.007 1.259 1.535 1.968 2.468 2.838 4.055
AXL 1.104 1.452 1.687 2.154 2.581 3.200
ATHREAD 1.080 1.408 1.639 2.104
AFLO 1.191 1.536 1.728 2.203 2.703 3.314 4.310
Page 73 of 86
Materials
Nominal Pipe Size (inches)
Code 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4
BULTRA 1.201 1.546 1.786 2.261
BFLO 1.754 2.229 2.729 3.342 4.316
BLITE 1.093 1.438 1.672 2.147
BTHREAD 1.090 1.425 1.655 2.124
WTHREAD 1.087 1.416 1.650 2.117
WMLT 1.103 1.448 1.688 2.153
WFLO 1.530 1.740 2.215 2.707 3.316 4.316
WWLS 1.087 1.426 1.650 2.125
YTHREAD 1.095 1.420 1.653 2.116
YFLO 1.732 2.207 2.703 3.314 4.314
TS30 1.083 1.417 1.650 2.114
Page 74 of 86
Materials
Nominal Pipe Size (inches)
Code 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24
S40 5.047 6.065 7.981 10.02
11.938
13.25 15.25 17.25 19.25
23.96
S10 5.295 6.357 8.249 10.37 12.09
S5 6.407
PVC 6.08 7.97 9.78 11.63
PVC200 5.84 7.66 9.40 11.18
PVC905 13.99 15.91 17.83 19.75 23.59
CDI 6.28 8.39 10.4 12.46 14.45 16.53 18.61 20.69 24.85
CDI51 6.22 8.33 10.34 12.40 14.39 16.47 18.55 20.63 24.79
CDI52 6.16 8.27 10.28 12.34 14.33 16.41 15.49 20.57 24.73
BSM 5.106 6.106
BSH 5.075 6.075
ENM 6.110
ENH 6.078
CA 4.838 5.791
CK 4.805 5.741 7.583 9.449
CL 4.875 5.845 7.725 9.625
CM 4.907 5.881 7.785 9.701
CX 5.118 6.102
Internal diameter in millimeters.
Page 75 of 86
Materials
Nominal Pipe Size (mm)
Code 15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100
S40 15.8 21.0 26.6 35.1 40.9 52.5 62.7 77.9 90.1 102.3
S10 17.0 22.4 27.9 36.6 42.7 54.8 66.9 82.8 95.5 108.2
S5 30.1 38.9 45.0 57.0 68.8 84.7 97.4 110.1
CPVC 22.2 27.9 35.4 40.58 50.87 61.5 74.9
PVC 22.2 27.9 35.4 40.58 50.87 61.5 74.9 107.1
PVC200 103.1
PVC905
CDI 84.8 105.6
CDI51 84.8 105.6
CDI52 83.3 104.1
BSM 16.1 21.7 27.3 36.0 41.9 53.1 68.9 80.9 105.3
BSH 14.9 20.5 25.7 34.4 40.3 51.3 67.1 78.9 103.5
ENL2 22.05 27.7 36.4 42.3 53.5 69.2 81.1 105.45
ENM 21.7 27.35 36.05 41.95 53.05 68.75 80.75 105.05
ENH 20.5 25.75 34.45 40.35 51.25 66.95 78.75 103.25
CA 10.7 16.2 22.1 28.5 34.8 47.5 60.2 72.1 97.5
CK 18.9 25.3 31.6 37.6 49.8 61.8 73.8 86.0 98.0
CL 19.9 26.0 32.1 38.2 50.4 62.6 74.8 87.0 99.2
CM 20.6 26.8 32.8 38.8 51.0 63.4 75.7 87.9 99.9
CX 13.6 20.2 26.2 32.6 39.6 51.6 64.3 73.1 105.0
CY 13.0 19.6 25.6 32.0 39.0 50.0 62.7 72.1 103.0
AXL 28.0 36.9 42.8 54.7 65.5 81.2
ATHREAD 27.4 35.8 41.6 53.4
AFLO 30.3 39.0 43.9 56.0 68.7 84.2 109.5
BULTRA 30.51 39.27 45.36 57.43
BFLO 44.55 56.62 69.32 84.89 109.63
BLITE 27.76 36.53 42.47 54.53
BTHREAD 27.69 36.20 42.04 53.95
WTHREAD 27.60 35.96 41.91 53.77
WMLT 28.01 36.77 42.87 54.68
WFLO 38.86 44.19 56.26 68.75 84.22 109.62
WWLS 27.6 36.22 41.91 53.97
Page 76 of 86
Materials
Nominal Pipe Size (mm)
Code 15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100
YTHREAD 27.81 36.06 41.98 53.74
YFLO 43.99 56.05 68.65 84.17 109.57
TS30 27.5 36.0 41.9 53.7
Nominal Pipe Size (mm)
Code 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600
S40 128.2 154.1 202.7 254.5 303.2 336.5 387.3 438.1 488.9
608.5
S10 134.5 161.5 209.5 263.4 307.0
S5 162.7
PVC 154.4 202.4 248.4 295.4
PVC200 148.3 194.5 238.7 283.9
PVC905 355.3 404.1 452.8 501.6 599.1
CDI 159.5 213.1 264.1 316.4 367.0 419.8 472.7 525.5 631.2
CDI51 158.0 211.5 262.6 314.9 365.5 418.3 471.1 524.0 629.6
CDI52 156.4 210.0 261.1 313.4 364.0 416.8 469.6 522.4 628.1
BSM 129.7 155.1
BSH 128.9 154.3
ENM 155.2
ENH 154.4
CA 122.9 147.1
CK 122.0 145.8 192.6 240.0
CL 123.8 148.5 196.2 244.5
CM 124.6 149.4 197.7 246.4
CX 130.0 155.0
Page 77 of 86
Materials
Absolute Roughness
SHC's proposal system recommends the following absolute roughness values when the
Darcy-Weisbach equation is being used with the Colebrook or Serghide friction factor
equation.
These are only suggestions. Your AHJ may require different values.
inch mm ~ Equivalent C-factor Source
0.015 0.381 100 1
0.004 0.1016 120 1
0.002 0.05 140 2
0.000 084 0.0021 150 1
0.000 036 0.0009 160 3
1
NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems. 2007 edition.
Table A.22.4.4.5.1
2
Idelchik, I. E. Handbook of Hydraulic Resistance. 3
rd
edition.
Page 109.
3
NFPA 750, Standard on Water Mist Fire Protection Systems. 2006 edition.
Table 9.2.2(a). Text indicates this is manufacturer's data for stainless steel tubing.
Page 78 of 86
Formulas
Formulas
The following formulas are used by the Simple Hydraulic Calculator.
Hazen-Williams Friction Loss Formula (U.S. units)
NFPA 13 (2007) 22.4.2.1.1
p=
4.52Q
1.85
C
1.85
d
4.87
p = friction resistance in psi/ft
Q = flow in gpm
C = friction loss coefficient
d = internal diameter of pipe in inches
Hazen-Williams Friction Loss Formula (SI units)
NFPA 13 (2007) 22.4.2.1.2
p=
6.05Q
1.85
C
1.85
d
4.87
10
5
p = friction resistance in bar/m
Q = flow in lpm
C = friction loss coefficient
d = internal diameter of pipe in mm
Darcy-Weisbach Friction Loss (U.S. Units)
NFPA 13 (2007) 22.4.2.1.3
A p=0.000216
fLpQ
2
d
5
p = friction loss in psi
f = darcy friction factor (see formulae)
L = length of pipe in feet
= weight density of liquid in lbs/ft
3
Q = flow in gpm
d = internal diameter in inches
Page 79 of 86
Formulas
Darcy-Weisbach Friction Loss (SI Units)
NFPA 750 (2006) Table 9.2.1
A p=2.252
fLpQ
2
d
5
p = friction loss in bar
f = darcy friction factor (see formulas)
L = length of pipe in meters
= weight density of liquid in kg/m
3
Q = flow in lpm
d = internal diameter in millimeters
Reynold's Number (U.S. Units)
NFPA 750 (2006) Table 9.2.1
R
e
=50.6
Qp
d
R
e
= Reynold's Number
Q = flow in gpm
= weight density of liquid in lbs/ft
3
d = internal diameter in inches
= absolute viscosity of liquid in centipoise
Reynold's Number (SI Units)
NFPA 750 (2006) Table 9.2.1
R
e
=21.22
Qp
d
R
e
= Reynold's Number
Q = flow in lpm
= weight density of liquid in kg/m
3
d = internal diameter in millimeters
= absolute viscosity of liquid in centipoise
Page 80 of 86
Formulas
Darcy Friction Factor (f) Colebrook Equation
when Re < 2000
f =
64
R
e
when 2000 <= Re < 3500: cubic spline interpolation (see below)
when Re >= 3500
1
. f
=2log
10
(
c
3.7D
+
2.51
R
e
. f
)
f = Darcy friction factor
= absolute roughness in feet [meter]
D = internal diameter of pipe in feet [meter]
R
e
= Reynold's Number
Darcy Friction Factor (f) Serghide's Solution
when Re < 2000
f =
64
R
e
when 2000 <= Re < 3500: cubic spline interpolation (see below)
when Re >= 3500
A=2log
10
c
3.7D
+
12
R
e
|
B=2log
10
c
3.7D
+
2.51A
R
e
|
C=2log
10
c
3.7D
+
2.51B
R
e
|
f =
(
A
( BA)
2
C2B+A
)
2
f = Darcy friction factor
= absolute roughness in feet [meter]
D = internal diameter of pipe in feet [meter]
R
e
= Reynold's Number
Page 81 of 86
Formulas
Cubic Spline Interpolation
for determination of Darcy fiction factor (f) in the critical zone
when 2000 <= Re < 3500
f =(1t )0.032 +t f
3500
+t (1t )(a(1t )+bt )
t =
R
e
2000
1500
a=0.008 f
3500
b=1500 f '
3500
+ f
3500
0.032
f = Darcy friction factor
f
3500
= Darcy friction factor when R
e
= 3500
f'
3500
= derivative of f
3500
R
e
= Reynold's Number
Darcy Friction Factor (f) NFPA 750 Equation
NFPA 750 (2006) A.9.2.2
f =
1014.2
R
e
0.148
C
1.852
D
0.0184
f = Darcy friction factor
C = Hazen-Williams C factor
D = internal diameter of pipe in feet
R
e
= Reynold's Number
Nozzle Discharge
NFPA 15 (2007) 8.5.1.5.1
Q=K .P
Q = flow from nozzle in gpm [lpm]
K = nozzle K-factor in gpm/psi
0.5
[lpm/bar
0.5
]
P = pressure at nozzle in psi [bar]
Page 82 of 86
Formulas
Velocity (U.S. Units)
V =
0.40849768Q
d
2
V = velocity of flow in ft/s
Q = flow in gpm
d = internal diameter of pipe in inches
Velocity (SI Units)
V =
21.224Q
d
2
V = velocity of flow in m/s
Q = flow in lpm
d = internal diameter of pipe in mm
Velocity Pressure (Hazen - U.S. units)
NFPA 13 (2007) 22.4.2.2
p
v
=
0.001123Q
2
d
4
p
v
= velocity pressure in psi
Q = flow in gpm
d = internal diameter of pipe in inches
Velocity Pressure (Hazen - SI units)
NFPA 13 (2007) 22.4.2.2 (converted)
p
v
=
2.248Q
2
d
4
p
v
= velocity pressure in bar
Q = flow in lpm
d = internal diameter of pipe in mm
Page 83 of 86
Formulas
Velocity Pressure (Darcy U.S. units)
p
v
=0.000018p
Q
2
d
4
p
v
= velocity pressure in psi
= weight density of liquid in lbs/ft
3
Q = flow in gpm
d = internal diameter of pipe in inches
Velocity Pressure (Darcy - SI units)
p
v
=0.002248p
Q
2
d
4
p
v
= velocity pressure in bar
= weight density of liquid in kg/m
3
Q = flow in lpm
d = internal diameter of pipe in mm
Normal Pressure
NFPA 13 (2007) 22.4.2.3
P
n
=P
t
P
v
P
n
= normal pressure
P
t
= total pressure
P
v
= velocity pressure
Page 84 of 86
Formulas
Fitting Equivalent Length Internal Diameter Modifier
NFPA 13 (2007) 22.4.3.1.3.1
(
Actual inside diameter
Schedule 40 steel pipeinside diameter
)
4.87
Fitting K Internal Diameter Modifier
(
Actual inside diameter
Schedule 40 steel pipeinside diameter
)
4
The above two internal diameter fitting modifiers are only used when schedule 40 steel
pipe, s40, has the corresponding nominal size defined ( through 24).
Fitting Equivalent Length C-Factor Modifier
(
C
material ' s default wet pipe C factor
)
1.85
Note that fitting equivalent length adjustments for C-factor are solely based upon the
specified pipe material's wet pipe C factor when a friction factor formula is used that
requires an absolute roughness coefficient in the data file's Use commands instead of a
C factor. For this reason, care must be taken when an absolute roughness coefficient is
used that does not correspond to the wet pipe hazen-williams C factor of the piping
material used.
Friction Loss for Fitting Coefficient K
P
f
=P
v
K
P
f
= friction loss due to fitting
P
v
= velocity pressure
K = fitting loss constant
Page 85 of 86
Formulas
K-Factor Adjustment for Liquid Density
NFPA 13 (2010) 22.4.4.5.1
K
a
=7.94 K
w
.
1
y
a
K
a
= K-factor adjusted for fluid properties
K
w
= K-factor used when calculating with water
a
= specific weight of the fluid (density in lb/ft
3
)
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