RadioCommunication TableofContents

PreparatoryNotestoInstructor ........................................................................ 1 SessionNotes .................................................................................................. 5 Definitions..6 Procedures9 LearningOutcomeAssessment ..................................................................... 12 OptionalLearningActivity:DifficultiesinRadioCommunication .................... 14

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PreparatoryNotestoInstructor

Background
Despite the fact that most police officers are users of radio communication equipment in their own countries and have knowledge of communications procedures, differences might arise due to the diverse background of UN PoliceinaPeacekeepingOperation.Therefore,thereisaneedtostandardize procedurestoimprovethecommunicationflowandpreventlanguagebarriers thatmightcreatemisunderstanding.Forthisreasonconcise,consistentradio procedures and protocols are vital to ensure that messages are accurately relayed and ultimately contribute to the success of a mission. On the other hand, poor use of radio communications can mean a breach of security and may lead to major problems including deaths and mission failure. In this session the main elements required, to apply UN radio procedures and protocolwillbecovered.

Aim
Toenhancethegeneralknowledgeofradiocommunicationsthroughtheuse of:

appropriateradioprocedures procedurewords(prowords) theinternationalphoneticalphabet

LearningOutcomes
On completion of the Radio Communication module, participants willbe able to:

Definecommunication Listthedifferentpartsofahandradio Applyprowordsandinternationalphoneticalphabet Useappropriateradioprocedures

TrainingSequence
Itissuggestedthatthematerialcontainedinthismodulebedeliveredovertwo training units. The first part of the module content should be conducted as interactivepresentationanddiscussionsupportedbypowerpointpresentation. The second part of the module consists of practical exercises. Finally, radio communicationshouldbeanintegralpartofthefieldexercise.

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RadioCommunication

Duration
Minimum SessionTime 40minutes + Additional Options 60minutes Lecture/Presentation 25min MissionSpecific Questions/Assessment 15min. OptionalFilm SessionActivities Asneeded OptionalActivity 60min.activity

Methodology
This module provides basic knowledge to the participants regarding radio communicationandcontainsavarietyofsuggestedlearningactivitiestokeep adult learners engaged. The facilitation team should use as many of the learning activities as time allows and keep them tailored to the target audience.Participantsshouldbefullyinvolvedinthelearningprocessthrough practical exercises, brainstorming sessions, working in small groups on specifictasks. Apracticalexerciseisregardedasbeingessentialforabetter understandingofthetopic The facilitator should inform participants of the content, format and timing. Knowingwhattoexpect,participantscanimprovetheirabilitytofocusonthe subjectandbenefitbetterfromthesession.

Definitions DifferencesbetweenVHFandUHF Internationalphoneticalphabet,prowordsandbasicradio procedures Generalinstructionsinradiocommunication Exercisesandsummary Learningoutcomeassessment

* Please Note: It is up to the learning institution to decide whether the learning assessment questions are used informally in a group question and answersession,oriftheyareprovidedtotheparticipantsasawrittenquiz.In either case, it is recommended that the correct answers are provided at the end of the assessment in order to ensure participants are clear on the key messages. Instructorsareencouragedtoaddexamples and missionspecificinformation relatedtothespecificdeploymentofparticipants,ifknown.

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RadioCommunication

InstructorProfile
ThisModuleisbestpresentedbyaninstructorwhohasmissionexperiencein radiocommunication,whocouldsharehis/herexperiencewiththegroup.For thepracticalpartitisrecommendedthattherebeonefacilitatorforeveryfour participants.

InstructorPreparations
RequiredReadings

UnitedNationsPoliceHandbookPoliceDivision,DPKO,UN,2005. OCHAStandardCommunicationProcedurestobefoundon ochaonline.un.org/OchaLinkClick.aspx?link=ocha&DocId=1005299

GeneralPreparations Equipment: 1. ComputerandPowerPointslides 2. ProjectorandScreen 3. FlipChart Materials: 1. Copiesofhandouts 2. Radiocommunicationequipment

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RadioCommunication

SymbolsLegend

FNotetotheInstructor(Somebackgroundinformationfor
consideration) [ SpeakingPoints(Themainpointstocoveronthetopic.Ideallythe speakingpointsarepresentedintheinstructorsownwordsversusbeing readtoparticipants) MissionSpecific(Apointwherethesessionwillbenefitfrommission specificinformation) Example(Storiesthatillustrateapointorkeymessage) Samplequestions(Alistofpotentialquestionstoposetoparticipants)

Handout(Indicatesahandoutisprovidedtoparticipantsatthispoint) Film(Afilmthatisrecommendedasacorepartofthetrainingoran option) CoreLearningActivity(Anactivitythatisstronglyrecommendedfor inclusion) OptionalLearningActivity(Anactivitythatcanbeusedifthereistime anditisappropriatefortheparticipantgroup.Guidelinesforthese activitiesareprovidedattheendoftheunit,sectionorpartasindicated inthetext)

Keysummarypoints(Keymessagesthatareworthrepeatingattheend

ofthesession.Alternatively,theinstructorcanaskparticipantswhatare themainmessagestheyaretakingfromthesession.Instructorscan thenfillinanypointsthathavebeenmissed.)

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SessionNotes

RadioCommunication Consistentradioproceduresandprotocolsarevitalto ensurethat:

Slide1

messagesareaccuratelyrelayed contributetothesuccessofamission

FNotetoInstructor:Givetheparticipantsabriefexplanationwhytheyshould
payspecialattentiontothismodule.Referto:BackgroundinthePreparatory NotestotheInstructor. Aim Toenhancethegeneralknowledgeofradio communicationsthroughtheuseof:
Slide2

appropriateradioprocedures procedurewords(prowords) theinternationalphoneticalphabet

. LearningOutcome Oncompletionofthemodule,participantswillbeableto:
Slide3

Definecommunication Listthedifferentpartsofahandradio Applyprowordsandinternationalphoneticalphabet Useappropriateradioprocedures

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RadioCommunication Structureofthepresentation
Slide4

Definitions DifferencesbetweenVHFandUHF Internationalphoneticalphabet,prowordsandbasic radioprocedures Generalinstructionsinradiocommunication Summaryandexercises Learningoutcomeassessment

FNotetoinstructor:Toshowparticipantsthechallengesofproper
communicationdothefollowingexercise: Asktheparticipantstobeseatedinacircle.Writethephrase:UseofRadio CommunicationintheMissionAreaonapieceofpaperandgiveittooneof the participants. Ask him to whisper this phrase to the next trainee. The phraseistobetransferredthroughallofthestudents.Thelastparticipantis supposedtowritethefinaltransmissiononawhiteboard. Brainstormwherethemainchallengesincommunicatinginforeignlanguage lie. Theaimofanycommunicationistotransfermessages.Theefficiencyis determinedbythecommonunderstandingofthesemessagesbyboththe senderandthereceiver.

FExpectedOutcome:

Externalnoise Accent Lackofclarity Misunderstanding Others Definitions

Slide5

Communication RadioCommunication

FNotetoInstructor:Askparticipantsabouttheirunderstandingof
communicationandradiocommunication.
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RadioCommunication

FExpectedOutcome:
1. Communication:

Aprocessbywhichinformationisexchangedbetweenindividuals throughacommonsystemofsymbols,signs,orbehaviours Atechniqueforexpressingideaseffectively(asinspeech) (http://www.merriamwebster.com/dictionary/communication) Termusedtodescribethetransferofinformationbetweentwoor morepointsbyuseofradioorelectromagneticwaves. www.sciencelobby.com/dictionary/r.html Radioisthetransmissionofsignals,bymodulationof electromagneticwaveswithfrequenciesbelowthoseofvisiblelight. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiocommunication CommonUNEquipment
Slide6

2. RadioCommunication:

VeryHighFrequencyRadio(VHF)Radio UltraHighFrequency(UHF)Radio SatelliteTelephone

[ CommonUNEquipment:

VHFRadios:Usuallycomesashandsetanditsthemostcommon equipmentinthemissionarea,andcoversadistanceupto10 kilometres. UHFRadios:CommonlypresentinUNvehiclesandinthe communicationbase,theircoverageismuchlarger,upto60 kilometres. Satellitesphones:Istheleastavailableinthemissionarea,mostly duetothecostassociatedtotheequipment. OftenradioistheonlymeansofcommunicationswiththeHQand othercolleagues Itisanindependentmediumforquickinformationtransfer Incaseofanemergencyorincidents,radiosaremoreefficientthan phones Agroupofpeoplecanbeinformedatonce

Theimportanceofradiocommunicationshouldbehighlighted:

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RadioCommunication RadioOverview
Slide7

FNotetoInstructor:Gothroughthepartsoftheradiowithparticipants.(The
equipmentusedasreferenceistheMotorolaGP360). [ Operationandcontrolfunctions: RadioControls

RotaryKnob:Usedasachannelselectorandformultifunction scrolling. OnOff/VolumeKnob:Usedtoturntheradioonoroff,andtoadjust theradiosvolume. SideButton1(Programmable):RecommendedforMonitor/Call CancelButton. PushtoTalkButton(PTT):Pressandholddownthisbuttontotalk, releaseittolisten. SideButton2(Programmable) SideButton3(Programmable) TopButton(programmable):RecommendedasEmergencybutton. LEDIndicator Green:Successfulpowerup. GreenFlashing:Radioscanning. Red:Radiotransmitting. RedFlashing:Channelbusywhenreceiving. Yellow:Radiocalled. YellowFlashing:Radiocallreminderalert. RedFlashing:Lowbatterywarningwhentransmitting. Microphone

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RadioCommunication

LCDDisplay(1Line) MenuKeys Antenna Accessory Connector: Connects headsets, remote speaker/ microphones and other accessories. Replace attached dust cap whennotinuse. Programmable Buttons: Several of your radio buttons can be programmed(bycustomerProgrammingSoftwareCPS)toactivate the radio features. The following table shows the features that can beassignedtotheTopbuttonandSideButtons1,2and3.Noteto Instructor StandardizedProcedures
Slide8

InternationalPhoneticAlphabet Procedurewords(prowords)Insertslidebullets

FNote to Instructor: For most of the police officers deployed to a

peacekeeping mission, English is a second language, so using the International Phonetic Alphabet as well as prowords, improves communications. The participants should be handed out theInternational Phonetic Alphabet, as well as a list of the most common prowords (find hand out in the referencematerial).

Letparticipantsspelltheirnamesand/ornamesofplacesaccording totheinternationalphoneticalphabet Showparticipantsprowordsandletthemexplaintheirmeaning Preparingtotransmit

Slide9

Preparingthesetforoperations TransmittingGeneralInstructions BasicRadioprocedures

FNote to instructor: Brainstorm with participants the procedures related to

thebulletpointsontheabovechart.

FExpectedOutcome:
1. Preparingthesetforoperation
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RadioCommunication

Makesurethatthereisapowersourcethatissufficientandensure correctconnectiontotheradioset Checktheantennaandallcableassembliesensuringtightand correctconnectiontotheset Connecttheaudioaccessoriesandcheckproperoperationof functionswitches Decideinadvancewhatyouaregoingtosaytoensurethatitwillbe clearandbrief Makesurenooneelseisspeakingonthenetwhenyoustart Remembertodivideyourmessageintosensiblephrases,make pausesandmaintainanaturalspeechrhythm Avoidexcessivecallingandunofficialtransmission Usestandardpronunciation,emphasizevowelssufficiently,avoid extremepitch,speakinamoderatelystrongvoiceanddonotshout Keepadistanceofaboutfive(5)cmbetweenthemicrophoneand yourlipsand Shieldyourmicrophonefrombackgroundnoises Spellnamesofpeopleandplacesphonetically NEVERFORGET EMERGENCYEMERGENCYEMERGENCY
Slide10

2. TransmittingGeneralInstructions

FNotetoInstructor:Itshouldbeemphasizedthatincaseofanemergency,
the word should be repeated three times and everybody should stop the communication and wait for instruction from base EMERGENCY EMERGENCYEMERGENCY SecurityAwareness Duringtheradiocommunicationsdonotdisclose:
Slide11

Personalorsensitiveinformation Policyissues Onlyofficialcallsignsaretobeused Onlytheofficiallanguageofthemissionistobeused

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[ Radiocommunicationmightnotprovide100%securityoftheinformation circulated. Based on this security issue, sensitive information should not be transmitted over the radio such as names, positions, addresses, telephonenumbersetc. Duringtheradiocommunicationsofficialcallsignswillbeused.Itisevery officers responsibility to be aware of the communication plan in the operationalarea. Asarule,theofficiallanguageofthemissionshouldbeusedduringthe communication. Summary
Slide12

Appropriateradioprocedures Procedurewords(prowords) InternationalPhoneticAlphabet

FNote to Instructor: If time allows divide class in groups and hand out the
exercisesintheOptionalLearningActivity.

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RadioCommunication

LearningOutcomeAssessment
It is up to the learning institution to decide whether the learning assessment questions are used informally in a group question and answer session, or if they are provided to the participants as a written quiz. In either case, it is recommended that the correct answers are provided at the end of the assessmentinordertoensureparticipantsareclearonthekeymessages. Attheendoftheentireunitand/ortheconclusionoftheSTMs,instructorsmay wanttochoosesomeofthefollowingquestionsforreview. Questions 1. WhatisCommunicationandRadioCommunication? 2. WhatisthedifferencebetweenUHFandVHF? 3. Listandexplain5ofthemostusedprowords. 4. Whatdoyoudowhenyoubeginajourney? 5. Whatdoyoudowhenyouhaveanemergencyandwhenyouhearan emergency?

FExpectedOutcome:
1. WhatisCommunicationandRadioCommunication? Communication:

Aprocessbywhichinformationisexchangedbetweenindividuals throughacommonsystemofsymbols,signs,orbehavior Atechniqueforexpressingideaseffectively(asinspeech) (http://www.merriamwebster.com/dictionary/communication) Termusedtodescribethetransferofinformationbetweentwoor morepointsbyuseofradioorelectromagneticwaves. www.sciencelobby.com/dictionary/r.html Radioisthetransmissionofsignals,bymodulationof electromagneticwaveswithfrequenciesbelowthoseofvisiblelight. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiocommunication

RadioCommunication:

2. WhatisthedifferencebetweenUHFandVHF?

VHFRadios:Usuallycomesashandsetanditsthemostcommon equipmentinthemissionarea,andcoversadistanceupto10 kilometers.

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UHFRadios:CommonlypresentintheUNvehiclesandinthe communicationbase,theircoverageismuchlargerupto60 kilometers.

3. Listandexplain5ofthemostusedprowords. Affirmative Negative Message SendMessage Over Out Roger Wilco Radiocheck Yes/correct No/incorrect Ihaveaninformalmessageforyou goahead,transmit,Iamreadytocopy Thisistheendofmyturnoftransmitting,aresponse isexpected Thisistheendofmytransmission,noansweris expected Ihavereceivedyourlasttransmissionsatisfactory Iwillcomplyyourrequest Howdoyoulistentome

4. Whatdoyoudowhenyoubeginajourney?

AlwaysdoRadioCheckwithBASEtomakesurethecommunication isclear.

5. Whatdoyoudowhenyouhaveanemergencyandwhenyouhearan emergency?

Ifyouhaveandemergencyrepeatthreetimestheword: EMERGENCYEMERGENCYEMERGENCY Ifyouhearandemergencycall,staysilentandwaitforinstructions frombase.

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OptionalLearningActivity:DifficultiesinRadio Communication
Thepurposeofthisgroupdiscussionactivityistoindicatemaindifficulties and mistakes during radio communication, emphasize the proper way in which the communication should be conducted, and highlight the necessityofpracticefordevelopingtheskillsoftheradiocommunication LearningActivityTimeRequired: 10minutes 15minutes 15minutes 20minutes Totaltime: 60minutes foractivityintroductionandinstructions forexercise1 forexercise2 debriefinthelargegroup* *totaltimedependentnumberofgroups

Exercise1

AlphaBaseRequestsA1toreportthecurrentlocationsand activitiesofunitsA2,A3&A4. A2isonfootpatrolinCentralMarket. A3isatthebaseofMt.Dangerattemptingtorecoveryourvehicle fromthemuddycreek. A4travelswestalongtheComoroRdonpatrol.

Exercise2
Scenario:A5youhaveattendedaDomesticViolenceincidentnear BairoPite.Thevictimneedsmedicalattention,andtheoffenderisstill atthelocation.Theoffenderisviolentandarmedwithalargeknife.You requestappropriateassistance.

A6youaretheclosestunit. A1rememberyouarethecommanderofallteams.

FNote to Instructor: Divide the class in groups according to the number of

callsignsmentionedineachscenarioforpracticalexercises.

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FActivityGuidelines:
1. Usearoleplayscenarioandgiveparticipantstheradiocommunication equipment. 2. Dispatchthemindifferentsitesoutsidetheclassroom. 3. Asktheparticipantstousetheradioequipmentasperexercise. 4. Attheendofexercise,indicatemaindifficultiesandmistakestheymade duringtheradiocommunicationexercise.Emphasizetheproperwayin whichthecommunicationshouldbeconducted.Highlightthenecessityof practicefordevelopingtheskillsoftheradiocommunication.

FExpectedOutcome:
Exercise1

A1thisisAlphaBase,message,over. AlphaBasethisisA1,sentmessage,over. From AlphaBase,informlocationandactivitiesofA2,A3,andA4, over. From A1,WILCO,over A2,A3,A4,thisisA1,informyourcurrentlocationandactivity,over. From A2,IaminfootpatrolinCentralMarket,over. From A1,roger,out. From A3,IamatthebaseofMtDanger,attemptingtorecovermy vehiclefromthemuddycreek,over. From A1,roger,out. From A4,IaminpatroltravellingalongComoroRd.,over. From A10,roger,out. AlphaBasethisisA1,message,over From AlphaBase,sentmessageover From A1,toinformcurrentlocationandactivityofA2,A3,andA4, rogersofar,over. From AlphaBase,rogersofar,over From A1,A2infootpatrolinCentralMarket

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A3,atthebaseofMtDanger,attemptingtorecoverhisvehiclefrom themuddycreek A4,inpatroltravellingalongComoroRd From A1,endofmessage,over From AlphaBase,roger,out A5,EMERGENCY,EMERGENCYEMERGENCY A5thisisA1,reportyouremergency From A5,IaminBairoPitetherehasbeenadomesticviolence incident, Offenderinplace,violentandarmed Medicalattentionneededforthevictim Backupisrequested,over. A1toallstationnearBairoPite,over A1thisisA6,Iaminthearea,over From A1,proceedtoBairoPiteandsupportA5,keepmeinformed, over From A6,WILCO,over A5thisisA1,A6itsonhisway,keepmeinformed,over From A5,roger,over AlphaBasethisisA1,message,over From AlphaBase,sentmessage,over From A1,medicalassistanceisneededinBairoPitedueto domesticviolenceincident,A5andA6inplace,offenderinthe house,over. From AlphaBase,roger,out.

Exercise2

st UNPeacekeepingPDTStandards,SpecializedTrainingMaterialforPolice1 edition2009