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went. Stuart was then to meet up with the main army again at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Unfortunately, that left Lee blind to the Army of the Potomacs movements, and Stuarts abscence would
lay the groundwork for much of what was to follow. June 27 proved a propitious day in the Gettysburg campaign. Finally
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recognizing that Lee had got the jump on him, Hooker crossed into Maryland but only with some of his army. He also demanded of the President and Generalin-Chief Henry Halleck that Harpers Ferry be evacuated to add to his strength, and he put his command on the line to show his seriousness. Lincoln called Hookers bluff, much to the delight of Halleck who despised Hooker and undermined him at every opportunity, and it was a surprised Major General George G. Meade that was awoken before dawn on the 28th to be told he was now in command of the Army of the Potomac. Meade reacted with his customary modesty, arguing that others were better qualified than he, but to no avail; he now had the arduous task of finding out where all his army was then lead them against the Confederate General who had destroyed every other effort to bring him to heel. That same day, June 27, Lee began to see that the most likely site of any showdown with the Union army was in the vicinity of the sleepy little Pennsylvania town of Gettysburg. He, therefore, ordered his scattered units to abandon their foraging and converge west of the town. Lees plan was simple; hit the demoralized Union army as it marched, driving corps after corps onto each other, and smashing it. That would leave the road to the Federal capital open, and surely Lincoln must then sue for peace. Meade knew what was at stake too and his orders were explicit in ensuring he was to cover both Washington DC and nearby Baltimore. After some reorganization of command, Meade ordered the Army of the Potomac to take up positions on the Susquehanna River along a broad front, but to be within mutually supporting distance once he found the enemy. At this junction, neither commander knew where the other was, but they were very close, almost operating in each others shadows. Meade too had surmised that Gettysburg might be important and dispatched Major General John Reynolds with I and XI Corps to the town. Meades plan was for Reynolds to find Lees army then pull back to a previously scouted position along the so-called Pipe Creek Line in Maryland where Meade would make his stand. Only, Meade seems to have omitted any instruction to Reynolds not to engage the enemy. In the meantime, Meades cavalry had found Stuart, but General Judson Kilpatrick (nicknamed Kill-cavalry for his propensity for recklessness) and General George Armstrong Custer (whose fame was growing, although not yet his notoriety) both came up short against the Confederate horsemen. After seeing off the Federals, however, Stuart continued north
Notes This map shows the entire battlefield as it was in 1863. Included are some contour lines, woods, orchards, streams And fences/walls with places of importance named.
A the Angle PO the Peach Orchard GH Cemetery Gatehouse CT the Copse of Trees WF the Wheatfield URC unfinished railroad cut PW the Point of Woods DD Devils Den SS Spanglers Spring
to his original rendezvous, not yet knowing the plan had changed: Lee was still blind. Reynolds began his march, pushing Brigadier General John Bufords First Division of Union cavalry ahead to provide protection and to secure the ground around Gettysburg. On the other side, the Confederate convergence had begun. On the evening of 30 June, Ewells Corps camped to the north and northeast of Gettysburg; Hills divisions lay eight miles to the west of the town at Cashtown; the rest of Lees army remained further west, screened by the mountains. If the fight kicked off at Gettysburg, however, seven of Lees nine divisions would have to traverse along one road, ensuring delays in getting to the field. That day, Brigadier General J. Johnston Pettigrews brigade of Major General Henry Heths 2nd Division of Hills III Corps advanced to the outskirts of Gettysburg where he saw Union cavalry approaching from the south up the Taneytown Road. He reported back to Hill that this was the vanguard of the Army of the Potomac, but Heth and Hill did not believe Pettigrew, and Heth
Above Map: Highlighted area shows where the action on day one took place. Maps shown on pages 72 & 73 are from The Gettysburg Companion by Mark Adkin. Used by kind permission of Aurum Press Ltd. www.aurumpress.co.uk
offered to make a reconnaissance with his division the following day. Hill agreed and reported the situation to Lee. The ingredients for the battle to follow were quickly coming together. On his arrival at Gettysburg, Buford established skirmish lines across the Chambersburg Pike about three miles to the west of town, but he did not yet know that Heths division was barreling towards his dismounted troopers. The first grey columns emerged from the woods at 7:30am to be confronted with an unknown force of Union troopers. Buford knew that if his troops could hang on until supporting infantry and artillery arrived, the Army of the Potomac could occupy the high ground to the south and west of the town. When Reynolds rode up to him on the field, Buford turned and said, the devils to pay. The Battle of Gettysburg was on.
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INTRODUCTION THE ACTION ON DAY ONE The Battle of Gettysburg, fought 1-3 July 1863, is replete with potential wargame scenarios and classic vignettes that give great insight into how the American Civil War was fought. It is the first day, however, that I find most intriguing; that was the set-up day, pregnant with possibilities and opportunities for both sides. If the Confederates can smash through Bufords cavalry screen, or if Ewell can drive his men through the town onto the heights, then everything that followed would change. For the Union, Buford must hold for as long as possible, and the infantry deployment north of the town might prove crucial, not only for the battle, but for the future course of the American Civil War. The scenario for Day 1 is framed for 615mm because of the nature of the battlefield that saw fighting in two main areas north and west of the town (see highlighted area on map pxx), although at some distance from each other. For bigger scale enthusiasts, the two fights can be conducted on separate tables, but simultaneously. No rules are specified in the game, but some conditions are applied, which should be playable for any of the major rules sets. The terrain in the map, and some distances, have been abstracted to a small extent to allow for the flow of the game while keeping to the historicity of decision making and combat mechanics. For battlefield conditions, the weather was hot and there was no discernible wind; visibility was excellent apart from the opening stage, from 5:15am to around 7am when the humidity from a recent rain-shower created a ground fog that hampered recognition of friend from foe. The objectives for each side are to occupy Gettysburg at the end of the first days battle.
Below: The area of action during the first morning at Gettysburg
OPENING MOVES The sun rose over Gettysburg at 5:15am on the morning of 1 July, but Heths Division was already on the move. Twelve-hundred men of BrigadierGeneral James Archers Brigade marched in the vanguard down the Chambersburg Turnpike. Brigadier-General Joseph Davis 2,200, mostly Mississippians followed; Brigadier-General J. Johnston Pettigrews 2,600 North Carolinians came next, and Colonel John Brockenbroughs 970 Virginians brought up the rear. Heth also took the III Corps reserve artillery with him, four batteries under the command of Major D.G. McIntosh and five batteries under Major William Pegram. Many of the southerners were bare-footed and may have anticipated receiving new shoes rumored to be in a warehouse in town. What few of them would have expected was stiff resistance from any Federal troops between them and Gettysburg; after all, even if the whole Army of the Potomac stood in the way, Lees veterans had crushed them the last three times
they had met and there was no reason today would be any different. Waiting for the Confederates were 1,600 Union cavalry troopers of Colonel William Gambles Brigade of Brigadier General John Bufords First Division of the still relatively new Union Cavalry Corps. They had ridden into town the previous day, along with the rest of Bufords Division, to be told that the rebels were around, too many of them not to be a serious threat. Buford dismissed talk amongst his commanders of how they would send the Confederates packing if they came: he admonished them that the rebels would come on strong and it would take everything the troopers had to stop them until help arrived from Major General John Reynolds I Corps. Reynolds had ordered Brigadier General James Wadsworths First Division, including the famed Iron Brigade, to hurry to Gettysburg. That would put a further 3,800 Union men on the field, with another 7,700 to follow once Major General Abner Doubleday got moving. Neither Buford nor Reynolds could know that Doubleday had an attack of the slows and would not get the rest of the Corps moving until 8am on 1 July. Buford set his screens north and west of the town; Gamble out to the west, and Colonel Thomas Devlins 1,000 Pennsylvanian and New York troopers to the north, accompanied by two companies of West Virginia cavalry, amounting to 59 men perhaps still bemused by the elevation of their region to statehood that had happened only two weeks before. The Union cavalrymen took up their positions behind whatever cover they could find, every fourth man holding the horses of the others. The troopers fiddled with their
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equipment and checked their carbines, many peering into the grey mist created by the soft rain, looking for the advancing Confederates. Buford stood in the cupola of the Lutheran Seminary where he could oversee the field and make adjustments if necessary, depending on when and where the enemy arrived. He glanced south too, searching for the Union reinforcements. Where were they? Out in the field, troopers of the 8th Illinois cavalry could see shadows in the mist, coming on fast; the troopers fired then withdrew quickly, setting the tone for the morning fire and move, fire and move. Heths Confederates of Archers Brigade had reached Marsh Creek south of the turnpike around 5:30am where the 5th and 13th Alabama fanned out into skirmishing order and pushed on to probe the opposition. It was they who first received fire from the Illinois troopers, and they fired back, the boom of their muskets contrasting with the crack of the cavalrymens breechloading carbines. Heth now had reason to pause: the Federal force might be bigger than he first thought. Heths pause became caution and he deployed his infantry and artillery for a full-scale organized assault. Daviss Brigade moved into line north of the turnpike, while Archers Brigade went into line south of the road. The artillery unlimbered and began to pepper the enemy. All this took time, and even though the Confederates advanced steadily, they advanced slowly, fulfilling the wishes of the Union troopers who maintained their fire and move tactics, falling back when they needed to. By 8am, Heths Division had reached Herrs Ridge, still a long way from their objective, although they could now see it
in the shimmering distance as the July sun burned off the dew. Their more immediate target was the Federal cavalrymen ranged along McPherson Ridge that rose behind a small creek, Willoughby Run. In the meantime, Daviss Brigade also advanced, taking advantage of an unfinished railway cut to conceal their movements. Heths Division had taken too long, however, and in the distance, they could see Union infantry moving into line of battle along Seminary Ridge that lay behind the McPherson Ridge. THE SCENARIO PHASE I: SET-UP The table is set up so that Herrs Ridge is on the left (west) edge of the Union players side. The Hagerstown Road runs along the Union players table edge. The towns layout is about a square foot for this scenario and sits on the Union players edge (south) and about 12 inches in from the eastern edge of the table. The Chambersburg Pike exits the town at an angle leading to about 10 oclock if we consider 12 as due north. The Mummasburg Road runs out towards 11 oclock, using the same scale. Oak Hill sits almost astride that road and about eight inches from the northern table edge. The Carlisle Road heads due north from the town, and the Harrisburg Road points out towards 1 oclock. The McPherson Ridge lies about 18 inches in from the western edge and runs around the clock-face where it fades just past the Carlisle Road. Two other ridges straddle the ground between McPherson Ridge and the western edges of the town; they should not be considered as steps, however, but folds in the ground. The creek, Willoughby Run, flows just in front
of McPherson Ridge, running south to north. The unfinished railroad cut runs parallel to the Chambersburg Pike almost as far as the town. The battlefield is mostly farmland with appropriate hedges, fences, and low walls lying around to provide soft cover. There are woods, McPhersons Woods, about one-third of the way between the Chambersburg Turnpike and the Hagerstown Road. The only significant buildings for day 1 are McPhersons farm next to the Chambersburg Turnpike on the ridge of the same name, and the Lutheran Seminary on the western edge of the town that gives the Union side an advantage in determining enemy positions and directing deployment and fire. Heths Division is deployed along the western table edge with Archer south of the road and Davis to the north. Heths artillery sits on Herrs Ridge near the road in support. Bufords cavalrymen are deployed in a screen to the west and north of the town. At no point in the game can Union cavalry cross the Mummasburg Road from north to west or visa-versa. If the Union player wants to move his cavalry between the two areas, he must move his units through the town to do so. All other forces remain off table at the beginning of the game. The game begins with a salvo of Confederate artillery and Heths Division starting its advance off of Herrs ridge. At this point the CSA player rolls a D6. If the score is anything other than one, he gets a 6'' initial move free of harassment to simulate the effects of the morning mist. If a one is thrown, he is open to attack from his original position.
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behind McPhersons farm, to the aid of their fellow New Yorkers and an intense melee and firefight erupted. The NY regiments suffered terribly, so Wadsworth ordered them to fall back, but the 147th NY and the 2nd Maine artillery never got their orders and were nearly cut off, taking terrible casualties before streaming to the rear, the Maine battery pulling back by section, limbering and unlimbering, firing and moving. At the same time that Daviss Brigade was crashing in from the north, Archers Brigade charged into McPhersons Woods. Reynolds saw the Iron Brigade moving into line in the depression behind McPhersons Ridge and urged them to attack, following behind as they did so. The two sides clashed with furious volley fire, and a bullet struck and killed Reynolds; Abner Doubleday was now in charge of the Union I Corps. The Iron Brigade hammered the Confederates with musket fire and Archers Brigade broke for the rear, leaving behind their commander as a prisoner in their haste to get away from an enemy they now knew was the Army of the Potomac. It was a different story north of the turnpike. Major General Oliver O. Howard, commanding XI Corps, had arrived to take charge of the battle. He could see the Union line north of the Chambersburg Turnpike disintegrating and ordered the 6th Wisconsin, currently held in reserve to the rear of the Iron Brigade, into line to stop the bleeding. The Wisconsin men, all 340 of them, lined up along a fence on the south side of the pike and unloaded a volley into the advancing Confederates and followed up at the charge. The recovered New York regiments pitched in on the Confederate flank, prompting Davis to order his men out of the railroad cut that was rapidly becoming a trap. Most of the rebels got out, but the rejuvenated Federal infantry captured 250 of them and killed many more. With Heths Division falling back to regroup and the Union infantry unable to go forward, an eerie lull fell over the battlefield. PHASE II: THE BATTLE ESCALATES When Heths Division ends its first move, the Union player throws a D6 to determine when the Iron Brigade will reach the field. A score of 6 means that the Iron Brigade appears at the southern edge of the table at a point no more than 18'' from the Lutheran Seminary. For a lesser score, nothing happens. The Union player throws a D6 at the end of every subsequent turn with a modifier of +1 for each throw.
Above: Generals Heths view across the battlefield towards the town. Below: The action in the railroad cut
THE BATTLE ESCALATES Heths men began moving off Herrs ridge at about 8am and advanced towards Willoughby Run. They met increasing carbine fire mixed with artillery from Lieutenant John Calefs horse-artillery battery of four 3'' inch rifles, firing over the troopers heads. Calefs fire was met by Pegrams artillery and a fierce duel took place between the cannoneers. Seeing the crisis unfold before him, Reynolds galloped back to hasten his infantry along. He found Wadsworths First Division marching up and Reynolds ordered them to hurry. The Union soldiers of Merediths Iron Brigade took off at the double along with the 2nd Maine Battery of 3-inch rifles. The 2nd
Maine artillery arrived first and took up positions on the north side of the road, but south of the railroad cut, where it attempted to engage Pegrams battery. The Union artillerymen were shocked, however, when the 42nd Mississippi of Davis Division appeared like spirits from the railroad cut and fired into them. But the Maine battery responded in kind, with canister, and sent the Mississippians scurrying back into cover. Reynolds also acted with alacrity, pushing two New York regiments, the 84th Zouaves and the 95th, into the McPherson Farm area to bolster the artillery and relieve the hardpressed troopers. Arriving on the field, Wadsworth sent the 76th NY and 56th Pennsylvania across the turnpike where they crashed into the 55th North Carolina and 2nd Mississippi who charged them in partial enfilade. Lieutenant Colonel Francis Miller ordered his men of the 147th NY, who to this point had no orders and stood ready
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Reynolds and Howard arrive on the south edge nearest Gettysburg at the same time the Confederate advance, but you must have a rule that will allow for the death of commanders and the effects that might have on organization, command and control, and morale, depending on what rules you are using to fight the scenario. If Reynolds is not killed, he is in charge throughout the entire scenario. The rules must also allow for the effects of capturing a commander on morale and command and control. Movement along the railroad cut is hidden movement up to 12'' from the McPherson Farm, but if the Confederate forces reveal themselves at that point, it is assumed that the Union player knows they are being attacked in force and Daviss Brigade must be revealed in its entirety. Therefore, you will need a hidden movement mechanism agreed upon by both players to achieve this surprise. The Confederate player may remain in the railroad cut for as long as he chooses, but will be seen by any Union force with line of sight along the cut to a distance of 18'', or if Union forces come within 6'' of the Confederate force. Forces firing into the cut can do so from within 2'' of the edge and will count their fire as if firing from the flank. The reactions of the Confederate brigades to meeting Union regular infantry must be reflected in their morale, perhaps with a temporary surprise factor that diminishes CSA morale for at least one or two moves when fired upon by Union infantry or canister. The Union player cannot cross Willoughby Run or the railroad cut at any time in the game. If no Confederate forces are inside the Willoughby Run/railroad cut perimeter after the Iron Brigade is fully deployed, a lull in the fighting occurs. Roll a D6 for the number of turns in the lull. Both sides can use this time to bring on extra forces or reorganize, but they cannot move to within close range to do so and no firing may take place during the lull. Heths Division must fall back to just in front of Herrs Ridge and reorganize. The Union cavalry must begin to withdraw through the town and off the table to the south. They take no further part in the fighting unless fired upon by the Confederates at the end of the lull. If no lull occurs, then the battle continues to Phase III and all reinforcements become available to both sides. They will march on the table in column to the positions described in Phase III.
THE BATTLE RAGES Both sides used the lull in the battle to reorganize and come to grips with the consequences of the mornings fighting. Howard had two Corps available to him, but he did not yet know the direction of the heaviest concentration of the enemy. He therefore, tasked Doubledays I Corps to hold the western flank, and ordered his own XI Corps, under Major General Carl Schurz, to the northern outskirts of Gettysburg to protect against attack from that direction. Doubleday complied with his instructions by placing Brigadier General John Robinsons Second Division in reserve on Seminary Ridge, southwest of the town. He commanded his Third Division, under the command of Brigadier General Thomas Rowley, to take up positions on McPhersons Ridge, bolstering the Iron Brigade and extending the Union line tightly across the gap between the Hagerstown Road and the Chambersburg Turnpike. Howard set up his northern defence by sending Schurzs 3rd Division, under Brigadier General Alexander Schimmelfennig, to the Oak Hill/Oak Ridge area to join onto the right flank of I Corps. Brigadier General Francis Barlows 1st Division was to align with Schurzs Division to their right, and Brigadier General Adolph von Steinwehrs 2nd Division would remain to the immediate south of Gettysburg on Cemetery Hill. The Confederates too were busy. Heth had pulled his division into line just below Herrs Ridge. Behind him came Major General William Pender with his division from Hills Third Corps and they took up positions on Herrs Ridge in full battle array. Meanwhile, in the north, two divisions of Ewells Corps marched rapidly towards the town. Major General Robert Rodes Division with a battery of artillery under Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Carter reached Oak Hill before Schurz. Schurz could not now connect with I Corps and deployed to the right of the Mummasburg Road on the plain, so Doubleday ordered Robinsons Division out of reserve to fill the gap between the railroad cut and the Mummasburg Road. Rodes and Ewell considered the Union movements provocative and a prelude to attack, therefore Rodes deployed his division into two lines and ordered the cannonade to begin. Rodes Division stepped off into a maelstrom of volley fire, and the front line was quickly sent packing, but Rodes
MAKING THE RAILROAD CUT By Trevor Crook One of the key features in this part of the battle was The Cutting, an uncompleted railway bed cut through McPhersons Ridge. To make this only took a about hour, excluding drying time. Stage 1: Start with a suitable baseboard we used pre-cut plastic sheet, but could also be hardboard, mdf etc. The contours were cut out of polystyrene foam, contoured to match the rest of the hex terrain, and glued down with PVA. Stage 2; Cover the whole with filler. Pre-coloured and textured filler like Basetex minimises painting, and also doesnt show up later knocks and chips. You can make your own from household emulsion and sand/grit/sawdust. Stage 3: When completely dry, drybrush with Vomit Brown and then Bleached Bone to raise the detail. Stage 4: Add flock onto watered down PVA glue. Do this in patches or the glue will dry before you have completed the whole surface. Knock off onto newspaper to re-cycle the excess. Stage 5: Optional. To avoid the constant shedding of grass, the terrain was then sprayed with varnish. Just avoid spraying onto exposed polystyrene or it may melt.
calmly ordered his second line into the fight, and the battle raged. Seeing Rodes attack go in, Robert E. Lee, who had now arrived on the field to take command, ordered Heths Division to resume its advance against the Iron Brigade and down the Chambersburg Turnpike, combining with Rodes assault. The Iron Brigade was staggered by the attack and fell back through the woods, reforming, then falling back and reforming again in front of the Lutheran Seminary. That left Colonel Roy Stones Brigade of three Pennsylvanian regiments, occupying the environs of the McPherson Farm, hopelessly exposed to attack from the west and north, while Colonel George Biddles 95th NY Regiment, holding the left end of the line on McPhersons Ridge, found itself swamped by the Confederates. The exposed Union infantry at either end of McPhersons Ridge fought ferociously, but the casualties became too much to bear and their position increasingly untenable, so the line fell back to reorganize with the Iron Brigade. They received no respite,
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Above: The Union forces are pushed back towards the town
however, as Penders Brigade took up Heths assault, and a storm of fighting broke in front of the Lutheran Seminary. The withdrawal of I Corps and the poor positioning of XI Corps north of the town, left XI Corps badly isolated with both flanks hanging. Rodes continued to apply pressure on Robinson and Schurz, bringing greater numbers to bear, but the timely arrival of Major General Jubal Earlys Division of Ewells Corps down the Harrisburg and Carlisle roads smashed the right flank of the XI Corps. Only desperate fighting held off a complete collapse of the Corps. With the I Corps in terrible trouble, and XI Corps threatening to come apart at the seams, and XII Corps nowhere in sight, Howard had little choice but to order his men to fall back through the town onto the heights beyond. The scene in Gettysburg was chaotic as the Federal soldiers rushed through with only a few regiments organized enough to provide a rearguard defence against the jubilant rebels flowing into the town. It was perhaps fortunate for the Union that most of the Confederates were spent; Hill could not ask his divisions to do any more than they had already achieved, and Ewell only had two reasonably fresh brigades available to conduct an assault through the town and onto the heights beyond. He chose wisely not to do so. The Confederates had won the day, but at
an awful cost, and their victory was not complete with 9,000 enemy troops and 40 cannon dug in on the high ground of Cemetery Hill. Lee would have the choice of renewing the battle on 2 July, but he would do so against a reinforced and seemingly reinvigorated Union army now occupying an excellent defensive position on high ground. The opening day of Gettysburg was, therefore, a Pyrrhic victory for Lee that had great potential for the decisive victory he sought, but also created the conditions for the disaster that would follow. PHASE III: THE BATTLE RAGES In the third phase of the scenario, either after the lull or in continuity with Phase II, all the forces available can become engaged at the players discretion. The phase begins with Heth deployed directly in front of Herrs Ridge and Penders Division deployed along Herrs Ridge. The Union I Corps is deployed along McPherson Ridge between the Chambersburg Turnpike and the Hagerstown Road. Robinsons Division is in reserve at or around the Lutheran Seminary. The XI Corps begins behind the town. Rodes Division is deployed in two lines of brigades along the northwestern corner of the table. Earlys Division begins the phase off-table to the north, but can be brought on at the Confederate players discretion. The morale of various units at the start of
the fighting is a factor: Rodes Division came onto the field tired after a forced march down the Mummasburg Road, and the Union XI Corps morale could be described as brittle, or at least lacking in confidence - they came into the battle much maligned for their performance at Chancellorsville earlier in 1863. The Union I Corps, except for Robinsons Division, cannot move north of the Chambersburg Turnpike, and the XI Corps cannot deploy within six inches of the Harrisburg Road unless Earlys Division has appeared on the table. The phase opens with Heths advance from in front of Herrs Ridge. If the situation arises, and the Union forces attempt to retreat through Gettysburg, the Union player throws a D6 for each regiment attempting to do so, with a score of six allowing that regiment to stand and fight. Any other throw results in the regiment becoming disorganized until it reaches the heights behind the town. Victory goes to the Union if they hold any of field to the west and north of Gettysburg. The Confederates win if they destroy either of the Union Corps and prevent them from retreating through the town or onto the heights behind the town. The battle is drawn if the Confederates hold all the ground north and west of the town but the Union Corps have retreated in good order to fight another day.
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COMMANDERS ON GETTYSBURG DAY 1 It is less important to consider the two army commanders for the first day of Gettysburg than it is to understand their subordinates who took part in the action - Lee and Meade would reveal their characters over the following two days of fighting. Indeed, much of what happened on the first day and why would be as a result of the nature of the commanders on the scene as much as the terrain they fought over and the troops at their disposal. The list that follows is a very brief summary of how those commanders were disposed on the day and their potential wargame rating: UNION Buford, John (1st Cavalry Division): Outstanding cavalry commander, redoubtable and pugnacious. [wargame rating: outstanding] Doubleday, Abner (I Corps): Indecisive, but fought ferociously at Gettysburg. [wargame rating: above average]
Howard, Oliver Otis (XI Corps): Headstrong commander, prone to ignoring orders. [wargame rating: below average] Reynolds, John F. (I Corps [kia]): Inspiring leader, born in Lancaster PA, therefore very motivated at Gettysburg. [wargame rating: outstanding] CONFEDERATE Ewell, Richard S. (II Corps): Brave but eccentric, beloved by his men as Old Bald Head. [wargame rating: average] Early, Jubal (1st Division, II Corps): [wargame rating: average] Heth, Henry (2nd Division, III Corps): By the book commander. [wargame rating: average] Hill, Ambrose P. (III Corps): Impetuous Corps commander. [wargame rating: average] Rodes, R.E. (3rd Division, II Corps) [wargame rating: average]
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REFERENCES Carl Smith, Gettysburg 1863 (Osprey Publishing Ltd., 1998) Mark Adkin, The Gettysburg Companion (Aurum Publishing, 2008) Chester G. Hearn, Rick Sapp, Steven Smith, Civil War Commanders (Metro Books, 2008) Harry W. Pfanz, The Battle of Gettysburg (National Park Civil War Series, 1994) Stephen W. Sears, Gettysburg (Mariner Books, 2004) Emory M. Thomas, Robert E. Lee: A Biography (W.W. Norton & Co., 1995) Jeffrey Wert, The Sword of Lincoln (Simon & Schuster Paperbacks, 2005) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Special thanks to Trevor Crook and the Maidenhead and District Gamers (MAD Gamers) for providing their figures, terrain and time for the photoshoot. www.madgamers.org All figures are Baccus 6mm. The author wishes to thank Paul Leach for playtesting this scenario and for helping to iron out many of the difficulties in presenting this complicated battle.
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