NIIT Exam Buggy

NIIT n Exam-Buggy
1. Basic Brush-up: HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is a type of SGML

(Standard Generalized Markup Language). SGML is the international
standardized Markup Language.
HyperText means machine-readable text so organized to create links to

information at a different location. That is, it is not sequential but related items
of information are connected. Instead of reading linearly to find information, one
can jump from one topic to another.
A Markup Language is set of symbols (alphabets, numbers & signs) and rules
(syntax) for their use when doing a markup of a document.
A markup or a tag is that portion of the document marked up or tagged to

indicate how they should be displayed in the browser. These tags are not
displayed by the browser.
A syntax means rules governing an arrangement of symbols in a programming

language acceptable to a compiler (a program that decodes) for that language.
2. Basic Tags: <html> a browser reads HTML page due to this tag.
A Html Page has a .html or .htm file extension.
<head> defines the header area (window top border) of a page.
<title> this tag is present in the head section and gives title to
a
Html page.
</head> marks the end of head section
[Here, </head> is also known as an end tag]
<body> defines the main part where contents will be displayed
<br> inserts a single line break
[Use &nbsp to insert more than one default space between two characters or
images]
</body> defines the end of body
</html> defines the end of page

The above tags contain only the basic structural elements; and belong to Level 0
of HTML Evolution.
3. Text Formatting Tags: The following elements are all font style elements –
<b> </b> defines start and end of bold texts
<i> </i> defines start and end of italic text
[<dfn> Definition tag, <var> Variable tag, <cite> Citation tag,

<em>Emphasized tag all give same output as <i>]
<u> </u> defines start and end of underlined text
<big> defines start and end of bigger text

</big>
<small> defines start and end of smaller text

</small>
<del> defines start and end of strikethrough text

</del>
<sub> defines start and end of subscript text

</sub>
<sup> defines start and end of superscript text

</sup>
<tt> </tt> defines start and end of Teletype text
<nobr> does not allow a new line in the text; on excess of 80
characters a scroll bar appears on the bottom of the

screen
[<code>Computer Code tag, <samp> Sample tag, <kbd> Keyboard tag give
same result]
4. Block Formatting Tags: The following are all text-block style elements
<p> </p> defines start and end of a paragraph
<center> defines start and end of horizontally centered enclosed

text
</center>
<blockquote> defines the start and end of a long quotation

<blockquote>
/h1> to defines end of header 1 to header 6

</h6>
<pre> defines start and end of preformatted texts that

</pre> preserve spaces and line breaks of the text enclosed
<address> defines start and end of e-contact information for
</address> document or a section that is a hyperlink
[It allows Class, ID and Style attributes of CSS to be applied]
<base> defines start and end of base URL for all the links in a
</base> page
Example: Assume that the absolute address for an image is:
<img src="http://www.niit.com/images/smile.gif" />
Now we insert the <base> tag, which specifies a base URL for all of
the links in a page, in the head section of a page:
<head>
<base href="http://www.niit.com/images/" />
</head>
When inserting images on the page in the example above, we just

have to specify the relative address, and the browser will look for
that file using the full URL, "http://www.niit.com/images/smile.gif":
<img src="smile.gif" />
5. Tags with Attributes: The following are all text-block style elements with
Attributes.
<body bgcolor = “#dfbfff” text = “#ff0808” bgproperties =

“fixed”
leftmargin = “60” topmargin = “60”>
defines 4attributes of contents will be displayed

</body >
<font size=5 color=#45d11a face=arial>

defines 3 attributes of font styles
</font>
<hr size=3 width=50% align =right color= #ff0808

noshade= false >
defines 5 attributes of a horizontal rule. NOSHADE:-
when set to true the rule should render in a solid color,
when set to false the rule should render in a two-color
gradient
</hr>
<li type=circle/disc/square>
defines 1attribute that specifies the type of the list
</li>
<ol type=A/a/I/i/1>
<li>great
<li>greater
<li>greaest
</ol>
But there are better
<ol type=i start=4>
<li>better
<li>best
<li>best of the best
defines 2attributes that specifie the type of the
orderedlist; it must begin with <ol> tag followed
by a <li> tag.
</ol>
<ul>
<li> defines listwhen it is not an ordered one; it is a of
writing <li> tag similar to <ol> tag and is thus
followed by a <li> tag.
</ul>
<menu> defines list similar to <ul> tag, but gives menu

spacing to the enclosed content
</menu>
[<dir>Directory tag will gives the same result and presents a list of upto 20
characters ]
<dl> defines the definition list
<dt> defines the definition term
<dd> presents the definition of the term
</dl> defines the end of definition list
<a> defines anchor tag.

The following creates a bookmark inside a
document, by using the name or id attribute:
Example: <a name=n>Nonsense</a><br>
<a href= "#n">N</a>
The following creates a link to another document
by using the href attribute:
Example: <a name= "tea">tea is a light beverage
</a><br>
<a href="drinks.html" target=
"_blank">More</a>
It also has the target attribute which defines

where to open the target:
_blank the target URL will open in a new window

_self the target URL will open in the same frame as it
_parent the target URL will open in the parent frameset
_top the target URL will open in the full body of the
window
<form>
___________------------------___________________-----------------------------
__________________------------------
✔ Forms: this element creates form for user input.

✔ Action attribute handles the CGI script.
✔ There are two Method attributes : Get & Post

✔ Checkbox is used to give multiple values at the same time
✔ Text attribute is used along with Size and Maxlength attributes
✔ Radioaccepts only a single value
✔ File Attribute <input type = file value=”file:///c:/filename”></input>
✔ Radio Attribute <input name=R1 Type=Radio>
✔ Size Attribute <input type=text size=”20”>
✔ Maxlength indicates maximum number of characters
✔ Select attribute is used along with Name, Multiple and Size attributes
✔ Option Element can occur only within a Select element with Value attribute
✔ <img src = “abc.jpg” width=50 height=50
align=top/middle/absmiddle/baseline/bottom/testing>
✔ ISMAP image map <a herf=http://machine/htbin/imagemap/sample>
<img src=”sample.gif”ISMAP></a>
✔ Image Map is saved as CSIM (Client Side Image maps) which has hotspot
click and retrieve approach and SSIM (Server Side Image Maps) which is
used for animating pictures. Mapthis is software used to create Image Maps
✔ <table></table> is the basic table element which wraps all other table
elements
✔ Internal table borders is known as rules.
✔ Cell padding space within cells , Cell spacing space between cells
✔ <tr>table row, align-left,cent,right; Valign text within the cell –top middle
bottom baseline, Bgcolor, Bordercolor, Bordercolorlight, Bordercolordark
✔ <td> table data
✔ NOWRAP is for tables what <nobr> is for text blocks and is used in
<th> and <td> tags
✔ Colspan is used to span columns within cell
✔ Rowspan is used to span rows within cell
✔ <th> table header identical for data cells
✔ <colgroup align=left/right/center/justify valign span=2>
✔ Frames can load their own URL independent of other frames
✔ <frameset Cols=20%, 60%, 20%>
✔ <frameset rows=20%, 60%, 20%>
✔ “2*,*” would give 2/3 of the space to the first frame and 1/3 to second
frame
✔ Marginwidth=”value”
✔ Marginheight=”value”
✔ Scrolling=”yes/no/auto”
✔ Noresize, by default resizable
✔ Frameborder=”0” no borders are drawn
✔ <frame framspacing=”55”>
✔ <noframes>.....</noframes> is used to display the alternate content
✔ Inline frame are floating frames that appear without dividing browser
window horizontally or vertically<iframe width height
align></iframe>
✔ Avoid nested and long vertical tables
✔ More than five colors should not be used in a web designFor color-
blind visitors combinition of red, green, purple, mgray and brown
should not be used
✔ To help them distinguish between objects and areas combinations of
blue, yellow, white, and black should be used
✔ Linear design for short pages is the most suitable
✔ Non-Linear Design will contain multiple links to multiple sites
✔ The entire page should be created at once and saved as a single file
✔ HTML should not be used for small navigation toolbars
✔ Search engines deploy automated programs called spiders or crawlers
✔ Avoid using generic keywords, use specific words instead
✔ Data-matrix is data presented in a tabular form
✔ Highest level of sophistication is required to convert browsing e-
shoppers to buyers
✔ To target international multiple languages choice should be provided
______________________---------------------------------
________________________-----------------------------
✔ By default files are stored in Flash MX Document (.fla)
✔ The other format is (.swf)
✔ Direction line defines the height, depth and direction of a curve
✔ The arrow tool, or the sub selection tool should be used to make a
rectangular marquee selection
✔ Irregular selection is done with Lasso Tool
✔ Gap size adds color to a shape that is not closed and has small gaps
✔ Lock Fill adds gradient to a shape such that gradient color appears to be
stretched
✔ Flash has three color modes RGB, HSB and HEX
✔ If blue rectangle appears around the shape it means they are grouped
✔ Raster Graphics are based on grid of pixels
✔ Color Threshold of a vector image is from 1 to 500
✔ Minimum Area is used to specify the number of pixels that will have
consistent colors; value ranges from 1-1000
✔ Curve Fit the smoothness of the outlines of the image
✔ Corner Threshold the sharpness that a shape will have
✔ Extending Text Block is used for short lines of texts
✔ Fixed Text Block is used for large blocks of texts
✔ Scrollable text box -> Change text type to multiline, Select multiline
in Line Type drop list, Right-click text-box and choose Scrollable, from
componebts drag and drop Scroll Bar
✔ To manipulate individual characters choose modify-> Break Apart
✔ Merging Layers ->Edit ->Cut -> Edit - > Paste in Place
✔ To rename a layer Modify-> Layer -> Layer Properties
✔ Current Frame, Frame Rate, Elapsed Time
✔ Playhead creates the illusion of motion in an animation
✔ Create Documents from templates: File-> New from Template
✔ Adding Sound files like wav and MP3 File-> Import
✔ You can add sound to buttons : Over and Down make more sense
✔ ADPCM is the format that converts analog to digital sound
✔ RAW has backward compatibility and is associated to the movie
✔ To convert and existing shape, bitmap, or image on the stage into a
symbol, select it and choose Insert-> Convert to Symbol [F8]
✔ Instead of working with several movie files, you can work with one
movie file having multiple scenes. To insert a Scene choose Insert->
Scenes
✔ To create a Graphic Symbol choose Insert->New Symbol and specify
Graphic as the type of the symbol
✔ 4 stages of Button Symbols: Up, Over, Down, Hit
✔ You can position and set the behaviour relative to its registration
point
✔ Right-click to mask
✔ To Create instance drag the symbol from the files library to the stage
✔ Instance Properties Windows->Panels->Effects
✔ Mouse Event: Variable: Stores values that can be used in scripts
✔ Roll out: the mouse is moved away from a particular object
✔ File->Export Movie
✔ Information Bar is used to analyze number of frames loaded
✔ Bandwidth Profiler shows bytes of data that will be downloaded Movie
Preview Window shows the movie as it would appear when downloaded
✔ File->Publish Setting
✔ Action Panel F9
✔ Zoom tool- z
✔ Document Properties cntrl + J
✔ Test Scene cntrl + alt + enter
✔ Test Movie cntrl +alt+enter
✔ Test Project cntrl +alt+ P
✔ Show frames cntrl +2
✔ Show All Frames cntrl +3
___________________---------------------------
________________________------------------------------___________

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NIIT n Exam-Buggy

1. Basic Brush-up: HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is a type of SGML

HyperText means machine-readable text so organized to create links to

A markup or a tag is that portion of the document marked up or tagged to

A syntax means rules governing an arrangement of symbols in a programming

<head> defines the header area (window top border) of a page.

</head> marks the end of head section

[Here, </head> is also known as an end tag]

<body> defines the main part where contents will be displayed

<br> inserts a single line break

</body> defines the end of body

</html> defines the end of page

<b> </b> defines start and end of bold texts

<i> </i> defines start and end of italic text

[<dfn> Definition tag, <var> Variable tag, <cite> Citation tag,

<u> </u> defines start and end of underlined text

<big> defines start and end of bigger text

<small> defines start and end of smaller text

<del> defines start and end of strikethrough text

<sub> defines start and end of subscript text

<sup> defines start and end of superscript text

<tt> </tt> defines start and end of Teletype text

<nobr> does not allow a new line in the text; on excess of 80

characters a scroll bar appears on the bottom of the

<center> defines start and end of horizontally centered enclosed

<blockquote> defines the start and end of a long quotation

/h1> to defines end of header 1 to header 6

<pre> defines start and end of preformatted texts that

[It allows Class, ID and Style attributes of CSS to be applied]

Example: Assume that the absolute address for an image is:

<img src="http://www.niit.com/images/smile.gif" />

When inserting images on the page in the example above, we just

<img src="smile.gif" />

<body bgcolor = “#dfbfff” text = “#ff0808” bgproperties =

defines 4attributes of contents will be displayed

<font size=5 color=#45d11a face=arial>

<hr size=3 width=50% align =right color= #ff0808

<menu> defines list similar to <ul> tag, but gives menu

<dl> defines the definition list

<dt> defines the definition term

<dd> presents the definition of the term

</dl> defines the end of definition list

<a> defines anchor tag.

It also has the target attribute which defines

_blank the target URL will open in a new window

✔ Forms: this element creates form for user input.

✔ There are two Method attributes : Get & Post

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