THE ANALYSIS OF UN ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCE USED TO PREPARE HOT WATER AND SPACE HEATING FOR AN SOCIAL BUILDING

Abstract The article is about the economic and energetic analysis for a heat source used for an administrativ area project. The energy source is solar energy. The building is equiped with solar pannel and with an biomass boiler. The system was compared with conventional system that uses fossil fuel to heat the building and hot water. Key-Words: Heat Source, Biomass Boiler, Fossil Fuel, Solar Pannel 1. Introduction The paper falls into an area of real national and international interest, determined by global energy situation and the requirements of sustainable development. Using renewable energy sources has the advantage their survival and negligible impact on the environment, they are not sources that emit greenhouse gases. The study was made for un administrative unit - in which, elderly people are assisted located in the city of Vaslui. The thermal agent is prepared by a boyler operate with solid fuel, in a heating station. The capacity of the boiler is 145 kW (the boiler does not prepare heat for hot water consumption; hot water is prepared in an electric heater with capacity of 350 l). Average number of persons which is living in the building during the year (for the building studied) is: 85 (patients and staff skilled and/or unqualified as the institution: patients: 55 (persons); staff: 30 (persons)

Quantity of hot water prepared and distributed by the existing equipment is insufficient to cover the needs of consumption imposed by the destination of the objective. And dhw heating costs for the analysis objective are illustrated in table and chart below (based on invoiced consumption in 2010):

Table.1 Consumption of electricity (bills):

Analyzed mounth Power Consumption [kWh]
I-1

Cost Electricity Consumed []

Average Price [/kWh]

January February March April May June July August Septemb er Octomber November December Total

1032 1205 0 1151 297 1055 945 242 0 118 982 994 7027

110,7 132,4 0 150,4 0 115,8 102 26,5 0 152,4 133,8 134 924

0 ,132

Table 2 - Solid Fuel - firewood (charged):

Analyzed mounth Solid fuel (wood) consumed [mc] Cost of the Solid Fuel (Wood) Consumed [] Average price [/mc]

August 39,49 2454,95 October 35.47 1778,26 58,28 December 35.20 2188,36 Total 110,16 6421,57 The heating season was determined according to EN 438/1997 - The annual number of degree days. The annual necessary of DHW energy for electric water heater of 350 L (determined according to EN 1478-90)
The daily necessary of DHW The daily necessary of heat to prepare DHW (=8 h) The daily necessary of heat to prepare DHW (=8 h) 70% of needs The daily necessary of heat to prepare DHW (=8 h) The hourly necessary of heat to prepare DHW The annual necessary of heat to prepare +0DHW Quantity of CO2 emission (electric power) 350000 kg 1780,5 W 1246,35 W 6409812,5 J 14244,03 Wh/day 5127850 Wh/year 2820 kg/year 350 L 1,78 kW 1,25 kW 6409,81 kJ 14,24 kW/day 5127,85 Wh/year

Electricity consumed for hot water preparation (350 L) with the existing electric water heater - according to calculations and analised facurilor - is 5128 kWh/year. The cost of electricity for the preparation of DHW, in this case, is 625,33 /year. The preparation DHW will transfer in athmosphere about 3 tone of CO2. Given the current standards (SR EN 1478-1490) and the objective destination, the needs of domestic hot water for the smooth conduct of specific activities - was estimated as follows: - DHW daily consumption. (average norm/patients): Cdn p = 40L/zi; - DHW daily consumption (average norm/personal work): Cdn pers = 10 L/zi; - Temperature of DHW at the point of consumption: TDHW = 450C - Temperature of cold water at entry into the cold water tank: TCW = 100C - Temperature of DHW at the outlet of the tank: TDHWT = 600C - Time of DHW preparationat: = 8 h - Density of DHW: = 1000 kg/m; - Specific heat of water: cw = 4.186 kJ/ kgK;
I-2

- Overheating factor: f = 1,5 (in the case of biomass use) The necessary of energy for hot water preparation and the tank volume (for operation at full capacity) were calculated according to the following relations:

Fig.2 - Influence of heating time on the thermal load for DHW

Period of time for DHW preparation The daily necessary of DHW The daily necessary of heat to prepare DHW (=8 h) The daily necessary of heat to prepare DHW (=8 h) 70% of needs The daily necessary of heat to prepare DHW (=8 h) The hourly necessary of heat to prepare DHW The annual necessary of heat to prepare DHW 8h 2500000 kg 12717,88 W 8902,52 W 45784375 J 101743,06 Wh/day 36627500 Wh/year 350 L 2500 L 12,72 kW 8,9 kW 45784,38 kJ 101,74 / kW/day 36627,5 kWh/year

Electric Eenergy required for hot water preparation, in the optimal variant to meet consumer needs - according with the rules consumption - is 36,628 kWh / year. The difference in consumption (the amount of DHW prepared and quantity required under the present applicable rules is: 2500 L - 350 L = 2150 L day The heat required for hot water preparation to cover the differences in consumption according with the present rules of consumption - is 18,021 kWh / year.

Period of time for DHW preparation The daily necessary of DHW The daily necessary of heat to prepare DHW ( =8 h) The daily necessary of heat to prepare DHW (=8 h) - 70% of needs The daily necessary of heat to prepare DHW (=8 h) The hourly necessary of heat to prepare DHW
I-3

8h 2150000kg 10937,38 W 7656,16 W 39374562,5J 87499,03 Wh/day

2150 L 10,94 kW 7,66 kW 39374,56 kJ 87,50 kW/day

The annual necessary of heat to prepare DHW

31499650 Wh/year

31499,65 kWh/year

The cost of thermal energy for DHW preparation (for the version in which are covered the differences of consumption) is as follow: - For DHW preparation with electric power: 3.841,46 /per year The total cost of thermal energy for DHW (for the version in which is covered both the initial consumption and the differences) as follows: - For DHW preparation with electric power: 625,36 + 3841,46 = 4466.83 / year CO2 emissions for DHW preparation (for the version in which is covered both the initial consumption and the differences) as follows: - For DHW preparation with electric power: 3.457,07 / year 2820 + 0.55 x 31450 = 20118 kg CO2 Watching - therefore - improvement of confort conditions it is proposed to be cover an average consumption of 2500 L of DHW per day (in this amount was included the quantity of DHW for food preparation, too). 2. The specific of the project

The energetic potential of Romania in accordance with green map" is as follows: - 65% biomass; - 17% wind power; - 12% solar energy; - 4% SHP; - 1% Geothermal. Solar energy - about 12% - means an average of 1,100 kWh/sm.yearly (about 50% of domestic hot water heat or - 15%, for a catcher in March up to October to obtain a yield of 40-90%). The investment in energy efficiency heating and DHW - involves using the following equipment: - Biomass boiler - for heating; - Solar panels for DWH preparations Is recomanded that using renewable energies for DHW to be prepared in accumulation regime. Thus, using renewable energy sources we can prepare DHW in storage devices, whose volumes must be determined by the consumption of DHW that must to be provide. The volume of hot water for storage devices are rated for DHW needed daily. So, a plant for converting solar energy into heat, which applies to residential and administrative buildings, it includes, as a rule, the following equipment: - Solar Collectors; - Dual coil DHW preparation device; - Solar Heat Storage Devices (storage vessel); - Pipeline network to transport and distribution of solar heat to consumer (solar loop piping, pump, air vent valve, strainer, devices for filling and emptying etc); - Elements of the process automation of production, storage, transport and distribution of solar heat (controller, sensor); - Equipment and safety and control devices (thermometers, manometers, pressure relief valves, etc.). 3. Techno-economic scenarios
I-4

Care and Support Centre from Vaslui (Romania) - in terms of thermal confort (in this case, heating and hot water consumption) - must be able to operate at nominal capacity 12 months from a year. Objective analysis of the situation on the ground led to the conclusion that the proposed solar facility must be able to prepare an average daily volume of 2500 l hot water at 45 0C, the heat capacity of the proposed system (for DHW can bring - in part - contribution at thermal agent preparation for heating). Given the principle was analyzed the following solar system (solar panel + boiler with pellets) for hot water preparation and heat production. There are several reasons to support the installation of the hybrid solar energy systems. They offer the same ease of maintenance and operation of heating systems as oil or natural gas. Also, from a financial standpoint, the hybrid solar energy systems. can compete with heating oil or natural gas. The main advantage of hybrid systems is that they do not cause major problems in terms of the environment. Compared with fossil fuels - using the wood pellet and solar energy - CO2 emissions will be greatly diminished. Solution: Production of hot water with solar collectors (collectors with heat pipes); Production of thermal agent with - biomass boiler; The proposed system: Vacuum tube collectors, with 16 tubes; Aabs = 30,8 m2; Agross = 44,88 m2 (number of collectors: 11 pcs.) Pellet boiler: Q = 130 kW; Solar combi boiler (double coil): V = 1600 L; Storage device hot water to optimize heat distribution and contribution to the heating part: Vs = 2000 L Environmental benefits are presented in the following table: Indicator Intake of total solar heat requirement Annual Energy Economy Total energy supplied to the system (over a year) from unconventional sources Indicator of energy efficiency for DHW (lower = better) Co2 gas emissions Reduction of CO2 emissions within 10 years Reduction of CO2 emissions Measure Units % kWh kWh kWh/mc year kg kg kg
I-5

Scenario 70 36393,42 15597,18 (heating +heat water) 0,06 15200 317100 604000

within 20 years (reference period for analysis)

Conclusions Enable the solution chosen in time for future system expansion, if a possible contribution to the heating or hot water consumption increased consumption; The environmental impact is positive: give up old heating, solid fuel - firewood and adopt an ecological approach pellet heating boilers The system is supported by a contribution of about 10% to 70% on heating and hot water from a renewable and clean energy solution: solar panels, highly efficient vacuum tube (unlike the second scenario where you choose to a solution of hot water with solar plane whose efficiency is much lower - see figure 11). REFERENCES [1] [2] [3] [4] EAST-GSR Solar Thermal applications in Eastern Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results - Professional manual for designing collective systems that use solar thermal energy, 2008; Dumitru Florin - Assessing performance of a photovoltaic system using thin technology video connected to relays, the area west and north - west of Romania, PhD thesis, Oradea, 2009 Marina Verdes, Vasilica Ciocan, Marius Costel Balan - Optimizing the number of solar collectors taking into consideration the influence of solar radiation Conferance Timisoara, 2011 www.retscreen.net

I-6