CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

GCE Advanced Level

MARK SCHEME for the October/November 2012 series

9231 FURTHER MATHEMATICS

9231/12 Paper 1, maximum raw mark 100

This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers.

Cambridge will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes.

Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2012 series for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level components and some Ordinary Level components.

Page 2 Mark Scheme Notes

Mark Scheme GCE A LEVEL October/November 2012

Syllabus 9231

Paper 12

Marks are of the following three types: M Method mark, awarded for a valid method applied to the problem. Method marks are not lost for numerical errors, algebraic slips or errors in units. However, it is not usually sufficient for a candidate just to indicate an intention of using some method or just to quote a formula; the formula or idea must be applied to the specific problem in hand, e.g. by substituting the relevant quantities into the formula. Correct application of a formula without the formula being quoted obviously earns the M mark and in some cases an M mark can be implied from a correct answer. Accuracy mark, awarded for a correct answer or intermediate step correctly obtained. Accuracy marks cannot be given unless the associated method mark is earned (or implied). Mark for a correct result or statement independent of method marks.

When a part of a question has two or more "method" steps, the M marks are generally independent unless the scheme specifically says otherwise; and similarly when there are several B marks allocated. The notation DM or DB (or dep*) is used to indicate that a particular M or B mark is dependent on an earlier M or B (asterisked) mark in the scheme. When two or more steps are run together by the candidate, the earlier marks are implied and full credit is given. The symbol implies that the A or B mark indicated is allowed for work correctly following on from previously incorrect results. Otherwise, A or B marks are given for correct work only. A and B marks are not given for fortuitously "correct" answers or results obtained from incorrect working. Note: B2 or A2 means that the candidate can earn 2 or 0. B2/1/0 means that the candidate can earn anything from 0 to 2.

The marks indicated in the scheme may not be subdivided. If there is genuine doubt whether a candidate has earned a mark, allow the candidate the benefit of the doubt. Unless otherwise indicated, marks once gained cannot subsequently be lost, e.g. wrong working following a correct form of answer is ignored. Wrong or missing units in an answer should not lead to the loss of a mark unless the scheme specifically indicates otherwise. For a numerical answer, allow the A or B mark if a value is obtained which is correct to 3 s.f., or which would be correct to 3 s.f. if rounded (1 d.p. in the case of an angle). As stated above, an A or B mark is not given if a correct numerical answer arises fortuitously from incorrect working. For Mechanics questions, allow A or B marks for correct answers which arise from taking g equal to 9.8 or 9.81 instead of 10.

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Mark Scheme GCE A LEVEL October/November 2012

Syllabus 9231

Paper 12

The following abbreviations may be used in a mark scheme or used on the scripts: AEF AG BOD CAO CWO ISW MR PA SOS SR Any Equivalent Form (of answer is equally acceptable) Answer Given on the question paper (so extra checking is needed to ensure that the detailed working leading to the result is valid) Benefit of Doubt (allowed when the validity of a solution may not be absolutely clear) Correct Answer Only (emphasising that no "follow through" from a previous error is allowed) Correct Working Only often written by a fortuitous' answer Ignore Subsequent Working Misread Premature Approximation (resulting in basically correct work that is insufficiently accurate) See Other Solution (the candidate makes a better attempt at the same question) Special Ruling (detailing the mark to be given for a specific wrong solution, or a case where some standard marking practice is to be varied in the light of a particular circumstance)

Penalties

MR 1

A penalty of MR 1 is deducted from A or B marks when the data of a question or part question are genuinely misread and the object and difficulty of the question remain unaltered. In this case all A and B marks then become "follow through " marks. MR is not applied when the candidate misreads his own figures this is regarded as an error in accuracy. An MR2 penalty may be applied in particular cases if agreed at the coordination meeting. This is deducted from A or B marks in the case of premature approximation. The PA 1 penalty is usually discussed at the meeting.

PA 1

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Mark Scheme GCE A LEVEL October/November 2012

Syllabus 9231

Paper 12

Qu No 1

Commentary
r cos = 2 4 cos sin r + = 2 2 2

Solution

Marks

Part Total Mark

Re-writes equation and uses compound angle formula. Changes to cartesian. Sketches graph.

M1 A1 A1 B1 B1 M1 M1A1 3 2 [5] 3

r cos + r sin = 2 x + y = 2 or y = 2 x .

to the initial line. 4 Point (2,0) clearly indicated.

Straight line at

2 (i)

Uses formula for mean value. Integrates

4 0

2 x 2 dx 4
4

1 3 8 = x2 = 3 0 3

(ii)

Uses formula for ycoordinate.

1 2

4 0

4 0

4 xdx

M1

1 2 x 2 dx

Integrates.

[x ]

2 4 0

4 3 x2 0 3

16 3 3 = 32 2

M1A1

[6]

Solves AQE. Finds CF. Form for PI and differentiates. Compares cefficients and solves.

m 2 + 4m + 13 = 0 m = 2 3 i CF: e 2t ( A cos 3t + B sin 3t )

M1 A1 M1 M1A1

& = 2 pt + q & &= 2p PI: x = pt 2 + qt + r x x

13 p = 26 p = 2 8 p + 13q = 3 q = 1 2 p + 4q + 13r = 13 r = 1

GS:

x = e 2t ( A cos 3t + B sin 3t ) + 2t 2 t + 1

A1

[6]

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Mark Scheme GCE A LEVEL October/November 2012 Solution

Syllabus 9231 Marks

Paper 12 Part Total Mark

Qu No 4

Commentary Verifies given result. Uses method of differences to sum first series.

r (r + 1)(r + 2) (r 1)r (r + 1) = r (r + 1)(r + 2 r + 1) = 3r (r + 1) (AG)

r (r + 1) =
r =1

B1

1 {[f (n) f (n 1)] + [f (n 1) f (n 2)] + ... + [f (1) f (0]} 3 1 = n(n + 1)(n + 2) (AG) (Award B1 if not 3 hence.)

M1 A1 2

Subtracts

r
r =1

r =1

r2 =

to obtain sum of second series. Splits series into two series. Applies sum of squares formula to obtain result. 5 Integrates by parts to obtain reduction formula.

n(n + 1)(n + 2) n(n + 1) 3 2 r =1 r =1 1 1 = n(n + 1)(2n + 4 3) = n(n + 1)(2n + 1) (AG) 6 6

r (r + 1)

r =

M1 A1 M1 M1A1 3 [8] 2

(12 + 2 2 + ... + n 2 ) + ( 2 2 + 4 2 + ... + ( n 1) 2 ) =

n 1 n + 1 4 n 1 n( n + 1)(2n + 1) 2 2 == n 2 (n + 1) + 2 6 6

x e

n 2 x

- 2x e 2 x n 1 e dx = x n + nx dx 0 2 0 2 n = I n 1 (AG) 2

M1 A1 2

(States proposition.) Proves base case.

Pn : I n = n=1

n! 2 n+1

I0 =

1 1 e -2x dx = e -2x = 0 0 2 2 1 1 1 1! P1 true. I1 = = = 2 2 2 4 2

B1 B1

Shows Pk Pk +1 .

Pk : I k =

I k +1 =

k + 1 k! (k + 1)! k +1 = k + 2 2 2 2 Pk Pk +1

k! 2 k +1

for some integer k.

B1 M1A1

States conclusion.

Hence by PMI Pn is true for all positive integers n.

A1

[8]

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Mark Scheme GCE A LEVEL October/November 2012

Syllabus 9231

Paper 12

Qu No 6

Commentary Proves initial result.

Solution
(cos + i sin ) 4 = cos 4 + i sin 4

Marks

Part Total Mark

= c 4 + 4c 3 (is) + 6c 2 (is) 2 + 4c(is) 3 + (is) 4

cos 4 = c 4 6c 2 (1 c 2 ) + (1 c 2 ) 2
= 8 cos 8 cos + 1
4 2

M1 M1 A1 3

(AG)

Verifies any two cases (B1)

Verifies remaining two cases (B1) Shows roots of equation to be as given.

4 4 3 cos = cos = cos 7 7 7 12 2 9 2 cos = cos = cos + = cos 7 7 7 7 20 6 1 15 cos = cos = cos = cos 7 7 7 7 cos 4 = 1 = (1) = cos 3
8 cos 4 8 cos 2 + 1 = ( 4 cos 3 3 cos ) 8c 4 + 4c 3 8c 2 3c + 1 = 0 (*) 3 5 1 cos , cos , cos , - 1 are the roots. (AG) 7 7 7 4 1 = Result (AG) Sum of roots of (*) are 8 2

B1

B1

M1 A1 M1A1 B1 M1A1 M1A1 A1 (M1A1) (A1) B1 B1B1 [9] 3 3 2 2 [9]

States sum of roots of equation. 7 Finds asymptotes to C.

Differentiates and equates to 0.

Vertical asymptote x = 2. 2 y = x + 1 + y = x + 1 is oblique asymptote. x2 y = 2( x 2) 2 = 0 for turning points.

2 > 0 no turning points if < 0 . ( x 2) 2

Or y = 0 x 2 4x + 4 2 = 0 Uses discriminant to show 8 < 0 no T.P.s. Sketch of graph. Deduct 1 mark for poor forms at infinity. Deduct 1 mark if intersections with axes not shown. Axes and asymptotes. LH branch. RH branch. (Indicating intersections with axes at (0,0) and (3,0).)

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Mark Scheme GCE A LEVEL October/November 2012 Solution

Syllabus 9231 Marks B1

Paper 12 Part Total Mark

Qu No 8

Commentary Differentiates. Squares and adds. Uses arc length formula. Integrates. Obtains result.

1 & =t x t
2
2

&= y

1 2t 2
2

ds 1 1 = t 2 + 4t = t 2 + dt t t 3 1 s = t 2 + dt 1 t

M1A1 M1 A1

t 3 = + ln t 3 1 1 26 = 9 + ln 3 = + ln 3 3 3 S = 2

(= 9.77)
3 7 1 t 2 + t 2 dt

A1

Uses surface area formula.

3 1 8 2 4t2 t + dt = 3 t 3

M1

Integrates. Inserts limits. Obtains result.

8 = 3

2 9 2 3 t2 + t2 3 1 9 8 2 2 = 18 3 + 2 3 + 3 9 3 160 3 64 (= 283 or = 90.0 ) = 3 27

A1 M1

A1

[10]

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Mark Scheme GCE A LEVEL October/November 2012 Solution

Syllabus 9231 Marks

Paper 12 Part Total Mark

Qu Commentary No 9 Finds vector normal to .

i j k n = 1 2 2 = 2i + 8 j + 7 k 3 1 2 3 + 8t 2 8 2 6 + 5t 8 = 138 or 5 8 = 0 12 8t 7 8 7 Independent of t parallel, or parallel.

: 2 x + 8 y + 7 z = 21 Sub. x = 5 + 2 s , y = 4 s , z = 7 + s s = 2 and line meets at point with p.v. i 2j + 5k Take (9,11,2) as A, (3,6,12) as B and let C be foot of perpendicular from A to l.

M1A1

Dot product of this with general point on l1. Deduces result.

A1 A1 B1 M1 A1 A1 4

Cartesian equation of . Substitutes general point of l2. Finds value of parameter. Finds p.v. of intersection.

AB = 62 + 52 + 102 = 161
BC = 1 (6 5 + 8 )(6i + 5 j 10k )(8i + 5 j 8k )
2 2 2

B1

Finds distance from point to known point on l. Finds distance along l from known point to foot of perpendicular from given point to l. F.t. on nonhypotenuse side (must be real). Writes a set of three equations in three unknowns for the intersection of l with . Solves the set of equations. Finds p.v. of intersection.

153 = 153 153

M1 A1 4 [12]

AC = 161 153 = 8 or 2 2

(= 2.83)

A1

Alternatively:
5 + 2 s = 2 + + 3 4 s = 3 2 + 7 + s = 1 + 2 2
s = 2 , = 2 , = 1

(B1)

(M1A1) (A1)

and line meets at point with p.v. i 2j + 5k

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Mark Scheme GCE A LEVEL October/November 2012

Syllabus 9231

Paper 12

Qu Commentary No 9 Finds vector BA .

Solution

Marks B1

Part Mark

Total

BA = 6i + 5j 10j
6 5 10 82 + 52 + 8 8 5 8 1 i j k

M1A1

1224 = 8 or 2 2 ( = 2.83) 153

A1

(4)

Alternatively: (A) Finds distance from point to known point on l. Finds distance along l from known point to foot of perpendicular from given point to l. F.t. on non-hypotenuse side (must be real). Take (9,11,2) as A, (3,6,12) as B and let C be foot of perpendicular from A to l. (B1) AB = BC =
2

6 + 5 + 10 = 161

1
2 2

8 +5 +8 153 = = 153 153

(6i + 5 j 10k )(8i + 5 j 8k )

(M1) (A1) (A1 ) (4)

AC = 161 153 = 8 or 2 2 (B) Finds vector . AC

8t 6 AC = 5t 5 10 8t

( = 2.83)

(B1)

Uses AC perpendicular to l to find t. Finds length AC.

8t 6 8 5t 5 . 5 = 0 t = 1 10 8t 8
AC =
22 + 02 + 22 = 8

(M1A1)

(A1)

(4)

[12]

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Mark Scheme GCE A LEVEL October/November 2012

Syllabus 9231

Paper 12

Qu No 10

Commentary States eigenvalues. Finds eigenvectors.

Solution Eigenvalues are 1, 2, 3.

Marks

Part Total Mark B1 1

i j k 28 1 = 1 e1 = 0 4 16 = 0 ~ 0 0 0 0 1 3 i j k 4 = 2 e2 = 1 4 16 = 1 0 0 0 1 i j k 4 2 = 3 e3 = 2 4 16 = 6 ~ 3 2 1 0 1 3 1 4 2 P = 0 1 3 0 0 1 1 0 D = 0 2n 0 0 0 0 3n

M1A1

A1

A1

States P and D.

B1 B1

Finds inverse of P. Finds An.

1 4 14 Det P = 1 Adj P = P = 0 1 3 0 0 1
-1

M1A1

An = PDP-1

14 1 4 = P 0 2 n 3.2 n or 0 0 3n n n 1 4 . 2 2. 3 3 n +1 P 0 2n 0 0 3n
1 [4 + 4.2 n ] [14 12.2 n 2.3 n ] = 0 2n [3.2 n + 3 n +1 ] 0 0 3n

M1A1

A1

States required limit.

0 0 2 3 A 0 0 3 as n . 0 0 1
n n

B1

[13]

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Mark Scheme GCE A LEVEL October/November 2012

Syllabus 9231

Paper 12

Qu No 11

Commentary EITHER Substitute into equation. Multiply by n . Obtain result.

Solution

Marks

Part Total Mark

is a root 4 3 2 + 5 2 = 0
n + 4 3 n + 2 + 5 n +1 2 n = 0 Repeat for , , and sum S n + 4 3S n + 2 + 5S n +1 2 S n = 0 (AG) S 2 = 0 2 ( 3) = 6 S 4 = 3 6 5 0 + 2 4 = 26

M1 A1 B1 M1A1 M1A1 M1A1 M1A1 M1 M1A1

(i)

Uses

Finds S 4 from formula. (ii)

( )

Finds S 3 from formula. Finds S 5 from formula.

S 1 =

S 1 =

5 = 15 2 S 5 = 3 ( 15) 5 6 + 2 0 = 75 S3 = 3 0 5 4 + 2

5 5 = 2 2

3 = S 2 S3 S5
= 6 (15) (75) = 15

[14]

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Mark Scheme GCE A LEVEL October/November 2012

Syllabus 9231

Paper 12

Qu No 11 (i)

Commentary OR Reduces M to echelon form.

Solution

Marks

Part Mark

Total

2 1 1 4 2 1 1 4 3 4 6 1 0 1 3 - 2 1 2 8 - 7 0 0 0 0
Dim(M) = 4 2 = 2 Basis for R is
x = 2 + y = 3 + 4 z = + 2

M1A1 A1

Uses dimension theorem. (ii) States basis for R. Finds cartesian equation for R.

2 1 3 , 4 . 1 2
2x y + z = 0

(OE)

B1

M1A1

(iii)

Finds basis for null space.

2 x + y z + 4t = 0 y + 3z 2t = 0 t = and z = y = 2 3

M1

and x = 3 + 2

3 2 2 - 3 Basis of null space is , (OE) 0 1 1 0

Evaluates k.
2 8 7 + k = 0 k = 9

A1A1

B1

Finds a particular solution.

Finds general solution.

2 1 8 5 3 2 4 = 7 (OE) (via equations) 1 2 9 5 3 2 2 2 3 x = + + . 0 0 1 0 1 0

M1A1

M1A1

[14]

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