4-8 The Real Numbers

Evaluating Algebraic Expressions

Rational and Irrational Numbers

4-8 The Real Numbers

Rational and Evaluating Algebraic Expressions Irrational Numbers Essential Question

How do I distinguish between rational and irrational numbers?

4-8 The Real Numbers

Vocabulary Evaluating Algebraic Expressions

real number irrational number

4-8 The Real Numbers

The set of real numbers is all numbers that can be written on a number line. It consists of the set Evaluating Algebraic Expressions of rational numbers and the set of irrational numbers. Real Numbers Rational numbers Irrational numbers

Integers Whole numbers

4-8 The Real Numbers

Recall that rational numbers can be written as the quotient of two integers (a fraction) or as either terminating or repeating decimals. 3 4 = 3.8 5 2 = 0.6 3

Evaluating Algebraic Expressions

1.44 = 1.2

4-8 The Real Numbers

Irrational numbers can be written only as decimals that do not terminate or repeat. They Evaluating Algebraic Expressions cannot be written as the quotient of two integers. If a whole number is not a perfect square, then its square root is an irrational number. For example, 2 is not a perfect square, so 2 is irrational. Caution! A repeating decimal may not appear to repeat on a calculator, because calculators show a finite number of digits.

4-8 The Real Numbers

Make a Venn Diagram that displays the following sets of numbers: Evaluating Algebraic Expressions Reals, Rationals, Irrationals, Integers, Wholes, and Naturals. Rationals
2 3

Reals

-3

-2.65 Integers -19 Wholes 1 0 6

Naturals 1, 2, 3...

Irrationals

4-8 The Real Numbers

Additional Example 1: Classifying Real Numbers
Write all classifications that apply to each number. Evaluating Algebraic Expressions

A.

5 is a whole number that is not a perfect square. irrational, real 5

B. 12.75 12.75 is a terminating decimal. rational, real C. 16 2 16 4 = =2 2 2

whole, integer, rational, real

4-8 The Real Numbers

Check It Out! Example 1
Write all classifications that apply to each number. Evaluating Algebraic Expressions

A.

=3

whole, integer, rational, real B. 35.9 35.9 is a terminating decimal. rational, real 81 81 9 = =3 3 3 3 whole, integer, rational, real

C.

4-8 The Real Numbers

Evaluating Algebraic Expressions

A fraction with a denominator of 0 is undefined because you cannot divide by zero. So it is not a number at all.

4-8 The Real Numbers

Evaluating Algebraic Expressions State if each number is rational, irrational, or not a real number.
A.
21 irrational 0 3 0 =0 3

Additional Example 2: Determining the Classification of All Numbers

B.

rational

4-8 The Real Numbers

Evaluating Algebraic Expressions State if each number is rational, irrational, or not a real number.
C. 4 0 not a real number

Additional Example 2: Determining the Classification of All Numbers

4-8 The Real Numbers

Check It Out! Example 2

Evaluating Algebraic Expressions State if each number is rational, irrational, or not a real number.
A.
23 23 is a whole number that is not a perfect square.

irrational
B. 9 0 undefined, so not a real number

4-8 The Real Numbers

Check It Out! Example 2

Evaluating Algebraic Expressions State if each number is rational, irrational, or not a real number.
C. 64 81 rational 8 9 8 64 = 9 81