Darren Jed Date Performed: Sept. 2, 2013 Professor Angelbert D.Morales Submitted: Sept.

9, 2013 Experiment # 5 Object In Free Fall

M.

Sulit Date

1. Abstract This experiment is all about free fall motion. Free fall is any motion of a body where its weight is the only force acting upon it. In this experiment the students will compute for the value of g by measuring the displacement and time. After the experiment, the group was able to understand the kinetic equation describing motion. 2. Procedure First the group gathered all the materials needed for this experiment. They were taught on how to compute the calculated by our professor, Mr. Morales. Second, the groups were assigned in different places in the 5 th floor of the Nursing building of SBC. Next, the students dropped different balls and measured the time of each ball for 10 trials. They measured the height of the building by measuring the length of the string from the 5 th floor to the ground floor. And lastly, they recorded the data and computed for the calculated g cm/s2. 3. Data and Results Table 1: Metal ball and Basketball Y= 1078cm Metal Ball Trial 1 2 3 4 5 Time of Fall (t) (s) 1.59 1.41 1.55 1.52 1.51 Calculated g cm/s2 852.81 1084.45 897.39 933.17 945.57 Trial 1 2 3 4 5 Basketball Time of Fall (t) (s) 1.48 1.49 1.52 1.51 1.53 Calculated g cm/s2 984.30 971.13 933.17 945.57 921.01

6 7 8 9 10 Average

1.49 1.56 1.51 1.50 1.49 1.51

971.13 885.93 945.57 958.22 971.13 944.54

6 7 8 9 10 Average

1.47 1.46 1.47 1.45 1.51 1.49

997.73 1011.45 997.73 1025.45 945.57 973.31

Percentage error of g= 3.62%

Percentage error of g= 0.68%

Table 2: Volleyball and Tennis Ball Y= 1078cm Volleyball Trial 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Average Time of Fall (t) (s) 1.49 1.52 1.49 1.47 1.45 1.49 1.50 1.52 1.49 1.51 1.49 Calculated g cm/s2 971.13 933.17 971.13 997.73 1025.45 971.13 958.22 933.17 971.13 945.57 967.78 Trial 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Average Tennis Ball Time of Fall (t) (s) 1.53 1.49 1.49 1.50 1.52 1.52 1.49 1.48 1.50 1.49 1.50 Calculated g cm/s2 921.01 971.13 971.13 958.22 933.17 933.17 971.13 984.30 958.22 971.13 957.26

Percentage error of g= 1.52% 4. Analysis and Interpretation

Percentage error of g= 2.32%

Based from the tables above, the time of fall of each ball are close with each other,that goes to show that the mass of an object doesnt affect the gravity pull. The acceleration is constant. 5. Generalization and Conclusion The group concludes that there is constant acceleration in free fall. It can only be affected by the air resistance.

6. Guide Questions 1. What is probably the greatest source of error in the experiment? The greatest source of error in the experiment is probably the time of fall. It is because it affects the whole formula of finding the percent error. 2. Give reasons why the value of g varies slightly at different places of earth. Even on the surface of the Earth, there are local variations in the value of g. These variations are due to latitude, altitude and the local geological structure of the region. Use the Gravitational. The acceleration of gravity of an object is a measurable quantity. Yet emerging from Newton's universal law of gravitation is a prediction that states that its value is dependent upon the mass of the Earth and the distance the object is from the Earth's center. The value of g is independent of the mass of the object and only dependent upon location - the planet the object is on and the distance from the center of that planet. 3. Why a man with parachute comes down slowly? Gravity is pulling the man down while air resistance slows him down. With the parachute out it adds more friction slowing him down. It is because of air resistance works against the VERY large surface area of the parachute. While gravity is pulling you at 32 ft/sec/sec, the act of pushing air (which has mass) out of the way slows your progress towards the ground. A free falling skydiver that has not yet opened his parachute can make his downward speed vary between about 110 mph and 225 mph- using air resistance. A spread eagled position presents the max area, and it fall the slowest. However, if you tuck arms and legs in tight, and assume a head down position, you have the smallest area, and fall much faster. 4. A ball dropped from the roof of a building 3 seconds to reach the ground. What is the height of the building in meters?

5. Explain the experimental findings of Galileo in free fall motion. In Galileo's attack on the Aristotelian cosmology, few details were actually new. However, his approach and his findings together provided the first coherent presentation of the science of motion. Galileo realized that, out of all the observable motions in nature, free-fall motion is the key to the understanding of all motions of all bodies. To decide which the key phenomenon to study is is the real gift of genius. But Galileo is also in many ways typical of scientists in general. His approach to the problem of motion makes a good "case" to be used in the following sections as an opportunity to discuss strategies of inquiry that are still used in science. 7. References o Cutnell, J.D & Johnson, K.W. (2010). Introduction to Physics. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. o o Serway, R.A & Vuille, C. (2012). College Physics. Boston, USA: Brooks/Cole Giambatista, A., Richardson, B.M. & Richardson, R.C. (2013). College Physics. sNew York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.