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The block diagram of regulated power supply is shown below. A power supply
consists of rectifier, filter and regulator. The conversion of alternating voltage in to
steady voltage by means of rectifier, In order to remove the alternating component
of the rectified output (ripples), we need a filter. To obtain constant output voltage
irrespective of load variations or supply variations we need a regulator.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER – Primary side (Input-230v AC, 50Hz), secondary side
(output-12v AC 500mA). The name itself represents, it steps down from higher
voltage to lower voltage according to the transformer rating we used. The step
down transformers are available from 1.5v AC – 110v AC with different current
ratings. This step down transformer is connected the AC input 230v (mains) to one
end of the transformer, which was the primary side and the output low voltages
from the secondary side. It is measured in AC. Primary side resistance will be more,
while at secondary side the resistance will be less.
RECTIFIER – Here we use a W10M bridge diode, it contains four diodes internally and
connected in wheat stone bridge form. This bridge diode can with stand up to 700V
AC and current carrying up to 1 Ampere. A rectifier may be defined as an electronic
device, such as a semiconductor diode, used for converting AC voltage or current
into unidirectional voltage or current. In other words, which converts AC to DC is
called a rectifier.
FILTER – From the previous discussions, it was found that the output of rectifier is
pulsating DC i.e., it is clear that output of a rectifier is combination of desired DC
and undesired AC (ripples). It contains AC and DC components. Hence, we have to
remove this unwanted AC ripples. A network, which removes/ reduces unwanted AC
component from the output of a rectifier is called filter. We use 1000uF/25V
electrolytic capacitor. It is a polar capacitor.