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PIERS Proceedings, Marrakesh, MOROCCO, March 2023, 2011

Microstrip Ultra-Wide-Band Filter

Abdel-Fattah Sheta and Ibrahim Elshaey Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering King Saud University, P. O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia

Abstract A new UWB lter is proposed. The lter structure is based on identical lines
and short circuited stubs. The merit of the proposed structure lies in the ability to design a simple structure with arbitrary bandwidth. The proposed lter can be designed for a fractional bandwidth from 40% to more than 100%. The concept is validated through the design of a bandpass lter to cover the entire band of the UWB standard and another lter is designed to cover few groups of the UWB standard (from 6 to 10 GHz). Simulations have been performed using IE3D software package. 1. INTRODUCTION

Since the Federal Communications Committee (FCC) authorized the unlicensed use of the ultrawideband (UWB) frequency spectrum for short-range and high-speed wireless communication in 2002 [1], remarkable research interests in the analysis and design of various microwave devices have been investigated [2]. UWB bandpass lters (BPFs) with low insertion loss, high out-of-band rejection, and a at group delay performance within that band, are highly needed to meet the required UWB frequency mask (3.1 to 10.6 GHz). Several prototype UWB lters based on dierent techniques have been studied. Coupled microstrip resonators are proposed for 128% fractional bandwidth by cascading two stages fork resonator [3]. Another microstrip coupled resonators is designed by cascading two interdigital hairpin resonators [4]. The lter in this case designed to suppress wireless local area network in the band 5.7 GHz to 5.8 GHz. Another method based on circuit model for an optimum distributed high pass lter (HPF) [5] has been implemented in various techniques [6, 7]. The lter structure in its simplest form consists of cascaded short circuit stubs separated by identical connecting lines. The electrical length of the connecting lines is twice that of the length of the short circuited stubs at the lower cuto frequency. The characteristic impedances of the short-circuited stubs and the connecting lines are calculated based on the HPF model [5]. In this paper, a lter consists of short circuited stubs separated by identical connecting lines is investigated. Based on this arrangement, UWB lter with fractional bandwidth from about 40% to 115% can be designed with one or more short circuited stubs. The stubs electrical length is half of the connecting lines electrical length. The structure is sensitive to the relative electrical lengths.
2. FILTER STRUCTURE

As shown in Fig. 1, the lter structure under considerations consists of four stubs of electrical length s and characteristic impedances Zo1 , Zo2 , Zo3 , and Zo4 separated by connecting lines of electrical length c and characteristic impedance Zoc .
Zoc c Zoc c Zoc c

Zo

Zo1 s

Zo2 s

Zo3 s

Z4 s

Zo

Figure 1: Circuit diagram of the proposed UWB lter. Zo1 = Zo4 and Zo2 = Zo3 .

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The stubs electrical lengths are half of the connecting lines electrical length, such that c = 2s. The stubs length is one quarter wavelength at the lter center frequency. In this design the middle stubs characteristic impedances are equal. The end stubs characteristic impedances are also equal, such that Zo1 = Zo4 = Z1 and Zo2 = Zo3 = Z2 . It is observed also that the characteristic impedance of the middle lines are half of the end lines, i.e., Z1 = 2Z2 . The lter bandwidth depends on the lines impedances Zoc and Z1 . Design curves that relate the lter fractional bandwidth to lines characteristic impedances are shown in Fig. 2. These parameters are obtained based on return loss better than 16 dB. It is thus clear that, the lter bandwidth can be controlled by the selection of the characteristics impedances of the stubs as well as the connecting lines. The lter in this case can be designed to cover either the entire ultra-wide band (3.1 to 10.3 GHz) or some groups of the sub-bands of the entire this band. UWB-lter with fractional bandwidth from 40% to 120% can be achieved.
3. DEIGN CASES

The design concept has been veried through the design of two UWB lters. The rst is designed to cover the entire band from 3.1 to 10.3 GHz. The characteristic impedance of the connecting lines is 60 . The characteristic impedance of the two stubs located at the edge is 80 , while the characteristic impedance of stubs in the middle is 40 . The lter is designed at 6.85 GHz lter center frequency with approximately 110% fractional bandwidth. From Fig. 1, the connecting lines impedance is Zc = 58 and the stubs impedances are Z1 = 94 , and thus Z2 = 47 . The lter has been simulated using the IE3D simulator and the simulation results are shown in Fig. 3. Dielectric material with 4.5 dielectric constant and 0.78 mm thickness is used in this analysis. The lter layout is shown in Fig. 4. Very good performance is observed with return loss better than 12 dB in the entire frequency band. The mid band insertion loss is less than 0.5 dB. Another narrow band lter has been designed with the aid of the design curves presented in Fig. 2. The lter is designed for a fractional bandwidth of 50% centered at 8 GHz. The connecting line characteristics impedance is 102 , and the stubs impedance is Z1 = 20 and so, Z2 = 10 . Since the middle lone stubs have low impedances, two parallel lines with 20 characteristic impedance are used instead. The lter is analyzed using a dielectric substrate with 6.15 dielectric constant and 0.635 mm thickness. The simulation results are shown in Fig. 5, and the layout is shown in Fig. 6. The midband insertion loss is about 1 dB, and the return loss is better than 10 dB in the entire band.

Zc
dB

S21

Z1 = Zo1=Zo4 Z1 Z2 = Zo2 = Zo3 Z1 = 2Z2

S11

Fractional Bandwidth

Figure 2: Stubs and connecting lines characteristic impedances against lter fractional bandwidth.
8.57 mm 14.26 mm

Figure 3: Simulation results of the proposed UWB lter.

13.7 mm

14.26 mm

8.4 mm

1.9 mm

Figure 4: Layout of the UWB lter designed on FR4 material of 4.5 dielectric constant and 0.78 mm thickness.

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PIERS Proceedings, Marrakesh, MOROCCO, March 2023, 2011

dB

S21

S11

Figure 5: Simulation results of the proposed UWB lter designed to cover the band from 6 GHz to 10 GHz.

9 mm

9 mm

9 mm

3.76 mm

0.3 mm

3.16 mm

Figure 6: Layout of the UWB lter designed on Duroid material of 6.15 dielectric constant and 0.635 mm thickness. 4. CONCLUSIONS

A new UWB lter structure is introduced. The bandwidth can be controlled using only two lines impedances. Fractional bandwidth from 40% to 120% can be achieved using the proposed structure. Two lters have been designed to verify the design concept. Design curves prove to be helpful for arbitrary fractional bandwidth requirements.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT

This research is funded by The National Plan for Science & Technology, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, under project No. 08-ELE262-2.
REFERENCES

1. Revision of Part 15 of the Commissions Rules Regarding Ultra-Wideband Transmission Systems, ET-Docket 98-153, First note and Order, Federal Communications Commission, Feb. 14, 2002. 2. Aiello, G. R. and G. D. Rogerson, Ultra-wideband wireless systems, IEEE Microw. Mag., Vol. 4, No. 2, 3647, Jun. 2003. 3. Chen, H. and Y. Zhang, A novel and compact UWB bandpass lter using microstrip fork-form resonators, Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 77, 273280, 2007. 4. Wei, F., L. Chen, X.-W. Shi, X. H. Wang, and Q. Huang, Compact UWB bandpass lter with notched band, Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 4, 121128, 2008. 5. Hong, J. S. and M. J. Lancaster, Microstrip Filters for RF/Microwave Applications, Wiley, New York, 2001. 6. Razalli, M. S., A. Ismail, M. A. Mahdi, and M. N. Hamidon, Ultra-wide band microwave lter utilizing quarter-wavelength short-circuited stubs, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 50, No. 11, 29812983, Nov. 2008. 7. Shaman, H. and J. S. Hong, A novel Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Bandpass Filter (BPF) with pairs of transmission zeroes, IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., Vol. 17, No. 2, 121123, Feb. 2007