Design of a WiMAX T-type monopole antenna with asymmetrical ground plane Kai-Cheng Yang, Wen-Shan Chen and Yen-Hao

Yu Department of Electronic Engineering, Southern Taiwan University Yung-Kang city, Tainan county, Taiwan 710, R.O.C. E-mail: d9430201@webmail.stut.edu.tw, chenws@mail.stut.edu.tw Introduction WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) technology is a worldwide wireless networking standard that addresses interoperability across IEEE 802.16a/d/e/2004 standard-based products. Recently, some antenna designs for WiMAX have been proposed and studied in literature [1-5]. A design of printed CPW-feed monopole antenna [1] was proposed for triple-band WiMAX applications. A wideband printed slot antenna [2] covering 1.85-5.83GHz was presented. The design antenna has a large size and complex structure. A wideband antenna in a system or package (AiSiP) for WLAN/WiMAX dual-network operation [3] in the 2.4/2.5GHz bands is presented. Two dual-printed dipole antennas [4] for Bluetooth and WiMAX applications operating in 2.4-2.7GHz and 3.3-3.8GHz frequency bands were presented. A loop type antenna with a compact volume of 26 x 8 x 3mm3 was proposed. And, the bandwidth of the antenna is 19.9% (2.26-2.76GHz) and 45.6% (4.03-6.4GHz). In this study, we present a compact CPW-feed monopole antenna with dual band-rejected function. By inserting a narrow invert-L slit into radiation patch, the dual band-rejected characteristic can be produced from a broadband monopole antenna, which leads to form a triple-band antenna. The antenna design and experimental results of the proposed antenna will be studied and investigated in this paper. Antenna design and experimental results The proposed printed triple-band antenna for WiMAX applications is shown in Figure 1. The antenna is printed on FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant (r = 4.4) and a thickness (H = 0.8mm). The overall size of the antenna is 28 x 26.4mm2. A 50- CPW-feed line with a fixed width at 2.4mm and a fed gap distance of 0.2mm are used. The width of trapezoid-feed line T1 affects the impedance matching of the proposed antenna. As the T1 fixed at 9mm, the wideband performance of the antenna was achieved. The rectangular radiation patch has chosen a dimension of 8mm x 14mm at middle location. The top of rectangular radiation patch was extended to form T-type monopole. The lengths of W1 and W3 are adjusted to achieve good wideband matching of the proposed antenna, and we fixed the optimized size at 8mm and 4mm. Then, we etched two notches of suitable dimension 5.5mm x 2mm on the top edges of the ground plane. This arrangement is to shift the impedance bandwidth to lower frequency.

978-1-4244-2042-1/08/$25.00 2008 IEEE.

Also, the width of the right side ground plane is also an important parameter for the bandwidth performance. And, then the height of both sides ground plane fixed at 7mm. These widths were optimized in 10 and 13.6mm. Therefore, the broadband operation could be obtained. Further, we embedded a narrow invert-L slit (S1+S2) at the proper location to account for dual band-rejected characteristic. Therefore, the band-reject function of the triple-band for WiMAX standard can be achieved. Experimental Results and Discussion Figure 2 shows the measured and simulated return losses of the antenna. The impedance bandwidth of the broadband antenna without slit is operated from 1.95 to 6.55GHz. The antenna with slit is a triple-band operated from 1.96 to 2.71GHz, 3.26 to 4.06GHz and 5.03 to 6.24GHz. The proposed antenna with a dual bandreject characteristic is calibrated for WiMAX applications. Figure 3 shows the measured gain against frequency from 2.2 to 6GHz for the broadband and tripleband antennas. The measured gain of the broadband antenna ranges from 0.14 to 2.97dBi in WiMAX band. And, the gain variation is less than 3dB in the antennas. Figure 4 shows the measured radiation patterns of the triple-band antenna at 2.5 and 5.5GHz in both y-z plane and x-y plane, respectively. The proposed antenna has omni-directional radiation pattern even at higher frequency in x-y plane. As these results, the proposed antenna has good radiation characteristics. Conclusion The novel design of broadband and triple-band T-type monopole antenna for WiMAX applications has been proposed and studied. The proposed antenna has a compact size of 28 x 26.4 mm2. For the wideband performance of the proposed antenna, the dimensions of the notches on the ground plane and the T-type radiation patch have been studied by parameter analysis. Furthermore, embedded a narrow invert-L slit on T-type monopole to yield dual band-rejected characteristic. The proposed antenna with an advantage of compact size and good radiation performance is suitable for WiMAX applications. Acknowledge This research was supported in part by the National Science Council, Taiwan, under the Grants NSC 96-2221-E-218-002, is great acknowledge. References [1] W. S. Chen, Y. C. Chang and F. S. Chang, Novel design of printed monopole antenna for WiMAX application, Microwave and Opt. Technol. Letters 49 (2007), 1806-1809.

[2] W. S. Chen and B. H. Kao, The design of printed rectangular slot antenna with a small isosceles triangle slot for WiMAX applications, Microwave and Opt. Technol. Letters 48 (2006), 1821-1824. [3] S. W. Su and K. L. Wong, Wideband antenna integrated in a system in package for WLAN/WiMAX operation in a mobile device, Microwave and Opt. Technol. Letters 48 (2006), 2048-2053. [4] P. L. Carro and J. D. Mingo, Polarization Diversity with Genetic Parrallel Printed Dipole antennas for Bluetooth and Wimax applications, IEEE Vehicular Technol. Conference 64th (2006), 1-5. [5] Y. S. Shin and S. O. Park, A compact loop type antenna for Bluetooth, SDMB,wibro,wimax and wlan applications, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propag. Letters, (2007), accepted for future publication.

Fig.1 The geometry of proposed antenna. (Units: mm)

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Fig. 4 Measured far-field radiation patterns of the triple-band antenna in the x-y plane and y-z plane at (a) f = 2.5GHz and (b) f = 5.5GHz. (Broadband, co-pol : solid line, x-pol : dash line)