ELEMENTS OF MUSIC

MELODY Rhythm is best described by the kind of song it is and Melody is best described as the song itself Pitch and rhythm Name two components of a melody Define How is melody different from rhythm

Greek A scale with eight notes in an octave; all but two are separated by whole tones. 12 notes in a chromatic scale An interval smaller than a semitone. A motif is a small musical idea. It's generally repeated throughout a piece of music and can be sequenced (moved up and down in pitch).

What is the possible origin of the word (melody) What is a diatonic scale

How many notes you find in a chromatic scale What are microtones What is a musical motif

RHYTHM- A strong regular repeated pattern of movement or sound

Define

Harmony combines instruments lyrics melody and rhythm Larghissimo very, very slow (20 bpm and below) Grave slow and solemn (2040 bpm) Lento slowly (4060 bpm)

How is rhythm different from harmony

What is the most basic element of rhythm

Jazz- Africa Rock n Roll- America Salsa- Cuba Soul- America Larghissimo very, very slow (20 bpm and below)

List four important rhythms and list the countries they represent

List three tempo markings and their meanings

Grave slow and solemn (2040 bpm) Lento slowly (4060 bpm) aka meter signature, to specify how many beats are in each measure

What is a time signature

HARMONY- Simultaneous sounding of two or more tones especially the study of chords and their relations. Melody is the absolute pitch sung, and harmony is the frequency of the absolute pitch. Properties of an interval or chord There different by a single note (the third note)

Define

How is harmony different from melody

What is dissonance List a difference between major and minor chords How is a chord different from an arpeggio

A chord is several notes sounding together and an arpeggio are several notes played in succession.

MUSICAL TEXTURE- the way the melodic, rhythmic, and harmonic materials are combined in a composition Protin composed organa, the earliest type of polyphonic music Homophonic Texture

Define

What musical texture was mainly used by Perotin

Name the texture that uses melody and accompaniment Name the texture that uses two or more musical lines What is the texture of plainchants What is heterophonic texture

Biphonic

Monophonic type of texture characterized by the simultaneous variation of a single melodic line.

COLOR OF MUSIC- describes all of the aspects of a musical sound that do not have anything to do with the sound's pitch, loudness, or length. Tinkly, dark, rich

Define

List three words that describe tone quality

Also knows as musical color Timber is different from pitch because pitch only refers to the frequency of the sound 440 hertz Oboe

What is musical timber How is timber different from pitch

How many hertz you find in a Concert A What instrument tunes the symphony orchestra

MUSICAL FORM Song structure

Define What is the most common form structure for popular music What is meaning of a verse/refrain/bridge

Verse: writing arranged with a metrical rhythm, typically having a rhyme. Refrain: A repeated line or number of lines in a poem or song, typically at the end of the verse. Bridge: a building block of a musical composition 12 bars Bach a contrapuntal compositional technique that employs a melody with one or more imitations of the melody played after a given duration Theme: is the material upon which party or all of the composition is based. Ex: usually a recognizable melody Variations: a way of organizing a piece of music by taking a tune and then repeating it in several different ways. Ex: variation set Sonata form

How is the BLUES constructed (number of bars) Who is the father of the FUGUE What is a musical canon

Describe theme and variations. List one example

Most popular form used in the Classical Period