Prediction Resolution of 5m (even though the highest Map Data resolution was 50m ) and Prediction Radius of 3km.

For the interference-limited scenario (with random unco ordinated interference) we illustrate the relationship between average network load, cell edge target throughput and c ell range, as well as the notion of interference margin for cell range dimensioning. Impact of base station anten na configurations on dual-stream Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) performance is demonstrated by means of a real-world measurement example. The impact of advanced LTE radio resource management features are brief ly reviewed. Finally, the most important radio parameter planning tasks are introduced. 1. INTRODUCTION This paper introduces LTE from the perspective of radio network planning. The paper is mainly targeted for readers with earlier experience in radio planning and mobile communications. Some prior knowledge of radio engineering and LTE is assumed as principles of OFDMA and SC-FDMA, as described in 3GPP LTE specifications, will not be reviewed in this paper. Instead the reader is referred to well-known literature references [1 3]. The most important LTE radio interface parameters are summarized in Table 1 for the convenience of the reader. Our focus is on the FDD variant of LTE, although most of the discussion is also applicable to TDD. Abbreviations BCCH Broadcast Channel CQI Channel Quality Indicator FDD Frequency Division Multiplexing HARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request HS-DSCH HSDPA Downlink Shared Channel LTE Long Term Evolution PCI Physical Cell Identity PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel PMI Precoder Matrix Indicator PRACH Physical Random Access Channel PRB Physical Resource Block PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel RS Reference 3.3 Macrocell Layer The LTE Macrocells of UK Operators, for the central London area, have been creat ed and used to generate Macrocell Coverage. They have been configured to use a single 1 0MHz Carrier with a Max TX Power of 10W (40dBm). From the report below containing the antenna configuration of the Macrocells in and surrounding the Use Case Area it can be seen that they are all three sector site s with antenna heights ranging from 19-100m with an average height of 32.5m, total downtilts ra nge from 314o with an average downtilt of 7.2 o. 3.4 Small Cell Layer Twenty LTE Small Cells were manually added using a Template in an area of poor M acrocell Coverage, as per the initial results from analysing the Macrocell layer. The Sma

ll Cell Template was designed to model a deployment utilizing street furniture i.e. lamp posts, traffic lights, etc. so the configuration included the following: ? Three Sector Sites with Antenna Azimuths of 0, 120 & 240o and Azimuths separat ion fixed at 120o ? Antenna Height of 4m ? Fixed Total Downtilt of 0o ? Single 10MHz Carrier ? Max TX Power of 1W (30dBm) The majority of Small Cell Sites have been positioned on street corners or junct ions, although there are a few in squares. If necessary the antenna azimuths have been adjusted from the default (0, 120 & 240o) but the azimuth separation has been fixed at 120o to mod el the use of a fixed antenna housing. 3.5 Traffic Model An LTE real time data terminal was used for the simulation. This used the defaul t StreamingQCI-4 Service available in ASSET v8.0 that is configured to provide an UL GBR of 500kbps and DL GBR of 1000kbps. The terminal s RF Parameters were configured as follows: Parameter Value Parameter Value Max Tx Power (dBm) 23 Antenna gain (dBi) 0 Tx Dynamic range (dB) 70 Horiz. Beamwidth (deg) 360 Req. RSRP (dBm) -