OMF000501 GSM RN Optimization ISSUE1.

Wireless Training Department

Course Contents

Concept of RN optimization KPI of radio network Work flow of RN optimization Parameter adjustment principles RN optimization tools introduction Common problems of RN optimization

Concept of RN Optimization

Radio network optimization means network performance improvement utilizing existing network resources.
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Steps in general
# Data collection and verification # Data analysis # Parameter and hardware adjustment # Optimization result confirm and reporting

The purpose is increasing the utilization of network resources and solving the existing and potential problem on the network, identifying solutions for future network planning.

Concept of RN Optimization

Capacity

Quality

Coverage

Optimize

Concept of RN Optimization

Due to the mobility of subscribers and complexity of radio wave propagation, most of network problems are caused by increasing subscribers and the changing environments.

RN Optimization is a continuous process that is required as the network evolves

Concept of RN Optimization

In the following case, the network should be optimized

" "

New network or expansion on existing network The network quality decreased seriously and there are many complaints from subscribers.

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An

event

occurs

suddenly

which

affects

the

network

performance seriously.
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The number of subscribers increased and affects the network performance gradually.

Concept of RN Optimization
Input for Optimization
CUSTOMER COMPLAINTS

OPTIMIZE TRAFFIC STATISTICS DRIVE TEST

Course Contents
Concept of RN optimization KPI of radio network Work flow of RN optimization Parameter adjustment principles RN optimization tools introduction Common problems of RN optimization

KPI of Radio Network

! KPI (KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS)

#
# #

Indicates overall performance of network over a period of time Good way to monitor network trends and anticipate future problems Data obtained from drive test and traffic statistics

KPI of Radio Network

Typical Radio Network KPI

KPI Parameter Call Drop Rate Congestion Rate Handover Success Rate Busy Hour Traffic TCH Utilization Call Setup success rate Coverage Quality

Source OMC/Drive test Drive test OMC/Drive test OMC OMC OMC/Drive test Drive test Drive test
BTS4 BTS3 BTS2 BTS1

Course Contents
Concept of RN optimization KPI of radio network Work flow of RN optimization Parameter adjustment principles RN optimization tools introduction Common problems of RN optimization

Flow Chart of Network Optimization

Course Contents
Concept of RN optimization KPI of radio network Work flow of RN optimization Parameter adjustment principles RN optimization tools introduction Common problems of RN optimization

Parameter Adjustment Principles

Parameter adjustment procedure

MONITOR EFFECT

IDENTIFY PROBLEM

MAKE MAKE CHANGES CHANGES

Parameter Adjustment Principles

Parameter Types

Radio Parameters Engineering Parameters

Handover Parameters Handover Parameters Handover Parameters Antenna Height Antenna D-tilt Antenna Orientation

Parameter Adjustment Principles

Adjustment of cell data parameters

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Adjust the cell parameters according to the features of actual radio channel traffic and signaling load. The parameters are for cell select,cell reselect,call setup, handover etc, so as to improve the overall network performance and service quality to the end user.

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Another basic principle of radio parameter adjustment is to maximize the current network resource, traffic sharing in the the whole network, increase the utilization of the equipment, so as to increase the profit-investment ratio.

Parameter Adjustment Principles

According to the feature of problem to be solved, there are two types of radio parameter adjustment.
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Solve static problems: Analyze the average traffic and signaling flows of the network and solve the network existed long time problems that

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Solve traffic overload and congestion problems during some special period caused by special events.

Course Contents
Concept of RN optimization KPI of radio network Work flow of RN optimization Parameter adjustment principles RN optimization tools introduction Common problems of RN optimization

Driving Test Tools

The following are the frequently used drive test tools:

" " " " "

TEMS and GIMS Ant Pilot and GSM 2000 SAFCO Walkabout & SAFCO OPAS TS9951 NEPTUNE

Driving Test Tools

! # # # # #

Drive test Tool application Identify specific problems in the network Attend to customer complaints Perform network benchmarking with other operators Collect periodic network data for reporting Check coverage in new areas

Driving Test Tools

Example: Drive test data

Signaling Analyzer

Signaling analyzer
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In real time, MA-10 signaling analyzer can trace A-bis interface signaling message, A-G interface signaling message, SS7 signaling message of ISUP, TUP and INAP, and also bit error rate of transmission system.

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For further analysis the signaling message files can be saved during online tracing, then they can be opened for analysis at anytime.

Spectrum Analyzer

Spectrum analyzer
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The spectrum analyzer is mainly used to test the characteristics of frequency, including spectrum, power of the adjacent channel, and frequency scanning etc.

OMC Traffic Statistics

OMC
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Provides flexible means to record different information from the network

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Able to sample large amounts of data to give a better picture of the network on a longer period of time

OMC Traffic Statistics

BSC performance measurement functions

High drop rate TCH statistics Rx_q & Rx_l measure Drop call measure Low HO suc rate List of alarm Hardware Conk out HO measurement List of alarm TCH statistics Incoming cell HO Outgoing cell HO List of alarm Drop measure

List of alarm

High block rate

Rx_q & Rx_l measure

balance between UL & DL

Signalling test instrument

Course Contents
Concept of RN optimization KPI of radio network Work flow of RN optimization Parameter adjustment principles RN optimization tools introduction Common problems of RN optimization

Common Problems of RN Optimization

The three most important performance criterias are coverage, capacity quality. they mainly correspond to the following network problems:
" " " " " "

Coverage Congestion Interference Handover TCH call drop Dual-band network traffic distribution

Common Problems --Coverage

!

Coverage
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Coverage hole # Coverage hole may exist when coverage areas of two BTS do not overlap or there are some big obstacles in the coverage area, this lead to no signal or very poor signal level.

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Over shooting # In the actual network, the high BTS antenna can propagate far away along a road and serve in area which its not suppose to serve in; which result in the "isolate Island" problem.

Common Problems --Coverage

Check and solve the coverage problem:

" " " "

Power control measurement Function ( Statistics) Receiving Level Measurement Function ( Statistics) Cell Measurement Function ( Statistics) Inter-cell Handover Measurement Function ( Statistics)

Common Problems --Coverage

Check the coverage problem:

" " " " "

Call Drop Measurement Function ( Statistics) Defined Adjacent Measurement Function (Statistics) Undefined Adjacent Measurement Function ( Statistics) Outgoing Inter Cell Handover Measurement Function ( Statistics) Rx Level data ( Drive test)

Common Problems --Coverage

Coverage Problem Solution:

" " " "

Adjust Radio parameters Adjust antenna parameters Use booster, low loss combiner and tower mount amplifier Add new site (last resort)

Common Problems --Capacity

!

Capacity
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TCH congestion
# Check TCH congestion rate: attempted TCH seizers failure for all (no radio resource available ) on OMC traffic statistics data, or compare the busy hour traffic of each cell with the calculated capacity in different GoS to judge the situation of traffic congestion .

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Traffic balance
# Adjust the antenna height, downtilt, and change the TX power of BTS and MS. # Adjust parameters for cell selection, cell reselection and handover # Enable load handover and direct retry functions.

Common Problems --Interference

How to locate the interference

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Interference band in TCH Measurement Function ( Statistics)

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Receiving Level Measurement Function ( Statistics) Rx_Qual ( Drive test)

Common Problems --Interference

How to locate the interference

" " " "

Ratio of handovers for uplink/downlink quality ( Statistics) Receiving Quality Measurement (Statistics) Call drop measurement function ( Statistics) Too many ( Statistics) handover failure and reestablishment failures

Common Problems --Interference

Check and solve the interference problems

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Check the place with interference and conversation quality by drive test.

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Use spectrum analyzer to find out the interference in the frequency band.

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Enable frequency hopping, DTX and power control functions. Check and eliminate equipment problems (if any).

Common Problems --Interference

Means to decrease the interference :

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Increase the reuse distance between the co-frequency and adjacent frequencies.

" " "

Decrease the transmitting power of BTS. Adjust the antenna height, azimuth, down-tilt. Use the anti-interference technologies, such as frequency hopping, power control, DTX, and so on.

Common Problems --Handover

Common handover problems:

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Handover failure and handover delay lead to bad quality or call drop.

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Frequent handover decreases the conversation quality and increases system signaling load.

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Unreasonable proportion of outgoing inter-cell handover to incoming inter-cell handover results in imbalanced traffic.

Common Problems --Handover

Check and solve handover problems:

" " " " " "

Check the handover parameters (OMC) Inter-cell Handover Measurement Function (Statistics) Undefined Adjacent Cell Measurement Function (Statistics) Outgoing Inter Cell Handover Measurement Function (Statistics) Incoming Inter Cell Handover Measurement Function (Statistics) TCH Measurement Function (Statistics)

Common Problems --Handover

Causes of abnormal handover and solutions:

" " " " " "

The outgoing inter cell handover threshold is too low. The adjacent cells is congested. There are undefined adjacent cells relationship. The handover hysteresis and handover priority are not reasonable. The handover statistics times N and P are not set reasonable. In HCS network coexisting with other vendors cells, the external cells parameters (such as LAC, CI and BCCH) must be corrected.

Common Problems Call Drop

TCH call drop

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During the GSM network operation, call drop is the main reason the subscribers complain. It usually refers to the call dropped after TCH channel seized or conversation connected, which can be located via traffic statistics or drive test.

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There are many call drop causes. Such as poor signal strength, interference and improper parameters.

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There are two important counters related call drop, radio link timeout (RLT downlink) and SACCH multi-frame number (uplink) sent in system information. These two counters should be set properly according to the traffic and coverage.

Common Problems Dual-band Network

Optimization for dual-band network

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Take the following special approaches when optimize the dualband network, most of the approaches are same as single-band network optimization:
# When GSM 900M and GSM 1800M network belong to a same LAC the features of two network are basically same. Parameters such as CRO can be set flexibly according to the traffic, thus can balance the traffic and avoid cell congestion. # When GSM 900M and GSM 1800M network has there own location area code, CRH and CRO should be set properly to avoid frequent location update. # Adjust layer thresholds to balance traffic between GSM 900 and GSM 1800

Common Problems Dual-band Network

Dual band network optimization elements

Cell select

Direct retry

Idle mode

Calling mode

Hand over

Cell reselect

Dedicate mode

Exercise

Questions
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Please write down KPI for normal network Please write down the work flow for radio network optimization How to do for traffic balance