APPENDICES Photograph 1

Examples of land transport

Example of water transport

Example of air transport

Table 1 shows some of the activities involved in planning and research. A complete planning and research process involves three stages, i.e. inventory, alternative set and alternative set fragments. Table 1: examples of planning and research process of a transportation system. PLANNING PROCESS
Objectives

ACTIVITIES
Determine objectives List issues of land, air and water transport Analyze existing situation Carry out surveys Data acquisition Evaluation Demands Capacity of existing transportation Determining system Determining cost Site selection Pattern of land usage Population density Details Planning Scheduling Fulfilling demands Pollution Detrimental effects on the environment and life

LAND
Prepare a comfortable, fast and safe transportation system Able to hold a number of passengers Road that can be accommodate an increase in the number of vehicles

AIR
Prepare a comfortable, fast and safe transportation system Demand increases for new locations and pathways Existing airports have capacity to handle increased number of passengers

WATER
Prepare a comfortable, fast and safe transportation system Increase in number of users

Research, Studies, Surveys Inventory

Needs ports/jetties due to increase in ferries

Alternative set arrangement

can fulfill demands for four years

can fulfill demands for 10 years

can fulfill demands for 5 years

Alternative set fragment

safety energy maintenance service

require on-going maintenance

normal maintenance

specific maintenance

FIGURE 1: construction activities in transportation systems

Construction of a Transportation system

Air
Land Construction of roads Traffic control system Bridges Flow of traffic Type of vehicle Capacity and weight

Construction of airports Control system Transportation system in the airport and its surroundings Capacity and weight

Water Construction of ports and jetties Transportation system in ports and jetties Capacity and weight

Table 2: Division of administrative activities.

ASMINISTRATIVE ACTIVITIES

PROJECT MANAGEMENT

MONITORING AFTER COMPLETION

* Acquire contractors and workers * Payment for communicating with other agencies.

* Cost of maintenance * wage and welfare of staff

* Obtain financial sources, expenditure * Smooth-flow of the system cost, manage licensing rules and regulation * Taxes * Government policies ( trip schedule )