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Scientific Team: asist.dr.ing. Ioana Olteanu prof.dr.ing. Alex Barbat (from UPC, Barcelona, Spain) ing. Radu Canarache
CONTENT:
Natural disasters
pests 1%
volcanoes 2%
drought 8%
floods 31%
landslides 5%
earthquake and tsunami 9% epidemis 11%
storms 27%
earthquakes 9%
The disasters are not natural The risk is not natural either
hazard
is natural
vulnerability
is not natural
VULNERABILITY
Vulnerability is a set of prevailing or consequential conditions, which adversely affect an individual, a household or a community's ability to mitigate, prepare for or respond to the earthquake hazard.
Vulnerability factors:
Population density
Physical assets
Economic activity
Seismic vulnerability, V: element predisposition to suffer a specific loss as a result of a seismic action of a specific intensity S.
Seismic hazard, H: probability of occurrence of a seismic event with a severity greater than S during a exposure period T.
focus
hospital facilities that is insufficient for large number of casualties and injuries.
bridges, overhead crossings and viaducts that are likely to collapse or be rendered unusable by ground shaking. electrical, gas, and water supply lines that are likely to be knocked out of service by ground failure
Vulnerability factors
Short column
Diagonal crack and shear collapse of the column due to this phenomenon almost lead to the general collapse of a parking structure (Northridge, California, 1994)
Vulnerability factors
(a) (b) (a) Masonry infill cracking (Izmit, Turcia, 1999) (b) stiff masonry lead of to discontinuities the shear of thein Examples of collapsed columns due to the forming of The short column because columns - Ceyhan, Turcia, 1998) the infill (Adana masonry (Izmit, Turcia, 1999)
Sa F
Vb Sa 1W
Sd
F
top
PF1 top
F
Sd
5.00
10.00
15.00
T Sd = 2 Sa 4
20.00 25.00 1.50 2 2.00 2.5 T(s) Sd(cm) 2.50
30.00
35.00
40.00
45.00
50.00
0.5
0.50
1.00
1.5
3.00 3.5
3.50 4
4.00 4.5
4.50 5
SaP
SdP
Deplasare spectrala
Au Ay
Dy
Du
ds 0
Usor degradate
Moderat Sever Complet
Au
2 3 4
Ay
2
Sd3
4
Du Sd4
Sd1 Sd2
0 Dy
RISCUL SEISMIC
Metoda spectrului de capacitate, ATC-40
Determinarea curbelor de fragilitate 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 P(DS>dsi/Sd=Sdi) 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.5 SdP 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 Sd (cm) 3.5 4.0 Sever Fara degradati Slab Moderat
Complet
3D FRAME STRUCTURE
3D FRAME STRUCTURE
3D FRAME STRUCTURE
(a) (b) Frame type C2: (a) Crack development in the concrete; (b) Reinforcement stresses for a loading of 1000 kN
3D FRAME STRUCTURE
(a) (b) Frame type C3: (a) Crack development in the concrete; (b) Reinforcement stresses for a loading of 800 kN
3D FRAME STRUCTURE
(a) (b) Frame type C4: (a) Crack development in the concrete; (b) Reinforcement stresses for a loading of 800 kN
3D FRAME STRUCTURE
(a) (b) Frame type C5: (a) Crack development in the concrete; (b) Reinforcement stresses for a loading of 800 kN
3D FRAME STRUCTURE
(a) (b) Frame type C6: (a) Crack development in the concrete; (b) Reinforcement stresses for a loading of 1000 kN
3D FRAME STRUCTURE
3D FRAME STRUCTURE
Cracks and stress development for : a model C1; b model C2; c model C4; d model C6.
3D FRAME STRUCTURE
1200 1,200
1000 1,000
800 800
600 600
Cadru cu placa plina de 15 cm - armare normala fara placa Cadru cu gol la placa 50cm pe colt Cadru armare redusa
400 400
Placa plina 15 cm Cadru cu inlocuire material pe colturi 50 cm armare redusa Cadru cu rost 5mm la placa pe colt - armare completa
200 200
0 0 0.00 0.00
0.02
0.04 0.01
0.06 0.02
0.08
0.10 0.03
0.12 0.04
0.14
0.16 0.05
0.18 0.06
Capacity curves for a 3 level 2D reinforced concrete frame structure with different infill geometries
Plastic hinge development, frame with 4th infill model: (a) without joint, (b) with 5 cm joint