Sacra Privata

Deity

Character

Rite

Known Inanimate Offerings

Known Living Offerings

Comments

Sources

Adonis

Earthly

Ritus Graecus

White doves

Ov. Fas. 1.451452

Aesculapius

Celestial

Ritus Graecus

Prayers: Appel opopanax, all-heal, 109, 110, 111; Appel 109, 111; panaces, St. Johns Piglet, no goats Martial Epi. 9.17; Pliny NH 25.11; wort, betony, lesser Ovid Met. 15.678; Sextus, Skept. 3.220 centaury Terence Hec. 328

Apollo

Celestial

Prayers: Arnob. Adv. Nat. 3.43; Claud. Olyb. 71-2; Hor. Carm. 1.2.30; Livy 5.21.2; Mart. 9.42; Ovid Rem. Amor. 75; 704; CIL 6.32323; Macr. Petron. PLM 94; Sat. 1.17.29; 3.6.5; Satyr. fr. 31Plaut. Wheat, incense, 3.10.4; Livius 25.12, Merc. 678; Seneca crown of laurel, cakes Bull; ox with 27, 23.5; 23.11; Ov Herc. Fur. 592; of cheese, cakes of gilded horns; Met 1.452; Plinius 900; Statius Theb. Ritus Graecus honey, cakes of white goats HN 12.3; 12.127; I 643-5; I 694-6; I parsley, 15.134; 16.230; 716-20; IV 649-51; cornel or dogwood Prohibited: Propert 2.28.36; VI 296-300; VII trees; cedar; horse Sex. Emp. Outlines 779-88; VIII 90calendula; wine 3.220; Virg. Aen. 94; Tib. 2.5.1ff; 3.22-46; Ecl 8.82; 3.10; 4.4.1; Val Geor 3.414-415 Flacc. Argo. 1.5; 5.17; 5.244; Virg. Aen. 3.85; 6.55; 10.875; 11.785; 12.197 Varro LL 7.17;.CIL 6.32323 Lines 141-46 beans mixed with roasted spelt, and Ritus Romanus bacon fat, whitethorn/hawthorn, mulberry tree

Carna

Domestic

Ovid, Fasti, 6.129170

Ceres

Ritus Romanus (a part of the spelt cakes, incense, cult celebrated salt, bread, first on the Aventine samplings of ears of Hill wheat, oak leaves, Chtonic: wheat, fruits corresponded to wine, honeycombs of the earth, marriage, the Mysteries of mixed with milk, law, civilization, Eleusis and was crown of wheat death and transition considered (corona spicea), Graeca Sacra crown of oak, and thus not poppies, violets, included in the hyacinths; myrtle Roman public cult) Prohibited: iron, steal

Cato, De Fasting and nine Agricultura 134; days of Fest. s. v. abstinence was praesentanea porca; required of s. v. sacrima; participants in the Gellius NA 4.6.8; sacrificium annuae Hor. Carm. Saec. sacrae 29-30; Livius, 10.23; 36.37.4-5; Prayers: Apul. Macrobius, Met. VI 2; XI 2; XI Saturnalia, 3.11.10; 5; Cic. In Verr. II Ovidius, Amor. sow (sometimes 5.184; IV 72.1873.10; Fasti, 1.657pregnant); 8; Horat. Serm. II 704; 2.519-20; sheep; piglets 2,124; Livy 2.539; 4.393-416; 24.38.8; Ovid 4.547-48; Amor. 3.10.2; Metamorphoses, Fasti 1.669-704; 10.431-36; Pliny 4.401-8; Ibis 419NH 1.191; 15.118; 20; Petr. Satyr. 18.2.8; Tibullus, 122, 156; Seneca Elegies, 1.1.11-18; Herc. Fur. 299; Varro Rust. 2.4.9Serv. Ad Geor. 10; Varro in Non. 1.21; Tib. 1.1.15Marc. 163; 16; 2.1.3-4; Virg. Virgilius, Aeneid Georg. 1.7-12; 4.56-59; Georgics, 1.338 1.212; 1.338-350

Diana

Dis, Dis Pater, Februus

Prayers: Apul. Met. XI 2; Catul 34.21-2; Cic. In Verr. II 5.184; Horat. Carm. 1.21.1; 3.22.2; Epist. 5.5; Carm. Hom. Iliad 18; Is. Saec. 13; Laevius Etym. 17.7.71; fr. 26; Livius Livius 1.45; 25.12, Andronicus fr. 27, 23.5; Ritus Romanus Equos Troianos; Ovid Fast, 1.387(although at the cakes of cheese, cakes hind, white she- Ovid Fasti 2.449; Celestial: health of 388; CIL 6.32323; Ludi Saeculares of honey, cakes of goat, cow 3.255-56; Met. wild animals, hunting; Pl NH 16.79; Sex. she was parsley; cypress; 5.618-20; Sil. It. health of women and Emp. Outlines honoured - like mastic of Chios; nard; Prohibited: Pun. 9.168-72; children 3.220; Pl NH 12.36; any other deity pine nuts horses 13.137; Statius 16.40; Valerius Graeco Ritu) Theb. IV 746-64; Maximus, Factorum VI 633-37; 9.606et Dictorum 35; 10.360-70; Memorabilium, Tertul de Anim. 39; 7.3.1 Tibullus 4.4.1 ff; 4.6.1 ff; Val. Cato Lyd. 41-4; Virg. Aen. IX 404; XI 483; XI 557; XII 197; CIL 3.8298; 6.32323 Lines 141-46; 10.3796 Underworld: Ritus Romanus Wine with wormwood Black oxen, purification (artemesia absinthe); black sheep and Prayers: Audolent Macr. Sat. 1.7.31 Masks of human other black or p.197 no.139, p. 3.9.10-12; Pliny NH faces; black poplar dusky victims 292 no. 218; 27.45; Serv. Ad Aen. Ennius Androm; 8.276; Buc 8.61; Festus (s.v. Valerius Maximus lapidem silicem); 2.4.5 Macro. Sat. III 9,10; Sil. It. Pun. 8.140-2; Statius Theb. I 56-9; IV

473-87

Diva

Celestial

Ritus Romanus

cow

Probably the same as Iuno

CIL 6.32349

Divus

Celestial

Ritus Romanus

ox, sheep

Probably the same as Iuppiter

ILS 5047; Feriale Duranum

Faunus

Chthonic

Ritus Romanus

Incense, wine, sweet herbs, peony

sheep, goats,

Horace Carm. Prayers: Calpurn. 3.18.5-8; Ovid Fasti Bucol. V 26; 3.300-304; 4.641Horace Carmina 672; Pliny H. N. 3.18.1; Virgil 25.10; Virg Aen. Aeneid 12.777 7.81-101 CIL 6.32352; Horatius, Odes, 4.5.30 seq. Petronius, Satiricon, 60.7

Genius Augusti

Celestial

Ritus Romanus

incense, wine

bull, bull-calf

Genius or Iuno (personal)

Horatius, Odes, 3.17.14-16; Ovidius, Tristia, 5.5.12; Persius, Satires, 2.1Blood sacrifice incense, wine, cakes two-month old 3; Plinius, Naturalis was explicitly not Ritus Romanus of boiled salted wheat piglet (on the Historia, 18.84; recommended on (liba) Saturnalia) Tibullus, Elegies, one's birthday 2.6.8; 4.6.14; Varro in Censorinus, De Die Natali, 2.2 Cato, De Inanimate Agricultura 139 offerings should be 140; Apuleius, dropped/poured to Apologia, 56.5-6; the ground or Florides, 1.3-4; natural altar in Tibullus, Elegies, libation 1.1.19-24

Genius Loci/Lar

Domestic/Chtonic

Ritus Romanus

fruits of the Earth (namely first samplings), wine, garlands of flowers

pig, heifer, ewe-lamb

Hercules

Domestic: fecundity, mens health, overcoming any difficult situation

Aconite, frankincense; henbane, herb Robert. Ritus Graecae Opopanax, white poplar, water lilies

piglet

Apul. Met. IX 21; CIL 1.1290;Hor. Prayers: Apul. Serm. 2.6.14; Sat. Met. IX 21; CIL 6.10.3; Pers. Sat. 1.1290;Hor. Serm. 2.8; Plaut. Curc. 2.6.14; Sat. 6.10.3; 358; Bacch.892; Pers. Sat. 2.8; Pliny NH 12.3; Plaut. Curc. 358; 25.12; 25.15; 25.17; Bacch.892; Prop. 25.37; 27.4; Prop. 4.9.71-4; Sil. It. 4.9.71-4; Sextus Pun. 1.505-7; Skept. 3.220; Sil. It. Virg. Aen. 8.301-2; Pun. 1.505-7; Virg. Aen. 8.105; 8.301-2; 8.418-419

Ianus

Ritus Romanus Domestic (doors, passages) / Celestial: May not be beginnings and ends; invoked on dies frankincense, wine, morning sun; new ateri or four cakes (strues), year, calends of the days before the months. calends, nones, and ides

Ram; lamb

[Cato, De Prayers: Acta Agricultura 141] Frat. Arv. CIL [Cato, De 6.2107 vs. 2-13 = Agricultura 134] ILS 5048; 6.2099; Cic. Nat. Deor. Auson. III 5; Cato 2.67.27; Fest. s.v. Agr. 134, 141; Cic. Chaos;spoila; Nat. Deor. 2.67.27; Horat. Epist. I 16; Fest. s.v. Chaos; Sat. 2.6.20; ILS Horat. Epist. I 16; 5047; Livy 1.32.10; Sat. 2.6.20; Livy 8.9.6; Macrob. Sat. 1.32.10; 8.9.6; 1.9.9, 1.16.25; Macrob. Sat. 1.9.9, Martial Epigr. 8.2.8, 1.16.25; Martial 8.8.1; 10.28.1; Epigr. 8.2.8, 8.8.1; 10.28.12, Ovid Fast. 10.28.1; 10.28.12, 1.65; 1.172; 1.287; Ovid Fast. 1.65; 1.317-24; Plaut. 1.172; 1.287 Plaut. Cist. 512; Serv. Ad Cist. 512; Serv. Ad Aen. 7.610; Varro, Aen. 7.610; Varro De Lingua Latina, LL 7.26. Virg. 6.12; 726; Virg. Aen. 12.197 Aen. 12.197

Ilithyia (Juno Lucina)

cakes of cheese, Ritus Graecus Domestic: Child birth, honey cakes, cakes of (at least at the health of women and parsley; chamomile Ludi children leaf, mugwort, tall Saeculares.) wormwood

Prayers: Apul. Met. VI 4; Horat. Carm. Saec. 14

CIL 6.32323 l. 117118; Pliny NH 25.36

Iuno

Prayers: Apul. Met. VI 4; XI 5 (Sospita); Arnob. Adv. Nat. 3.10; Catul. 34.13; Cic. Domo 144-5; In Verr. II 5.184, Nat. Deor. 2.27.68; Livy 5.21.3; 6.16.1; 8.5; 38.51; Macro. Sat. 3.16.27; Ovid Fasti 3.255; Tib. 3.12.4; Petr. Satyr. 25;Plaut. Aulul. 692; Scr Hist. Aug. [Cato, De Vit. Prob. 12.7; Frankincense, wine; bull, ram, white Agricultura 134] cow, sheep, Serv. Ad Aen. 1.8; CIL 6.2043; 6.2099; Celestial: marriage, silver; wild fig; Ritus Romanus Sil. It. Pun. 2.531matrons cypress tree; blue flag suovetaurilia Feriale Duranum 42; 6.466-72; 7.78(ewe, sow, and iris, saffron, orris root ILS 5047; Livy 85; 10.432-8; heifer); female 22.1; Varro LL 6.18 Terent. Adelph. calf (vitula) 486; Andria 473; Tertul. De Anim. C. 39; Tib. 4.6.7; Val. Flac. Argo. 1.79; Varro LL 6.27Virg. Aen 4.607; 12.176; CIL VI 32323 (Acta Sacr. Saec) vs 117; VI 32329 vs 10; CIL 6.2065; 6.32323 Lines 121-22, 125-27; 6.32329 Celestial: authority, Ritus Romanus frankincense, white heifer, According to the Arnob. Adv. Gent.

Iuppiter

benzoin; cassia; wine (namely first samplings), cakes (fertum), meat, spelt cake (far), fruits; May not be beans and greens; invoked on dies cinnabar; fluorspar; fecundity, hospitality ateri or four holm oak; beech tree; days before the laurel; pine; white calends, nones, poplar; vervain; and ides onions; leeks; hair; scaled fish; cinnamon, cassia, cannella

white ox, ewelamb, whether, suovetaurilia (castrated sheep, pig and ox). Prohibited: bull, ram, boar

ancient books, only castrated victims should be offered to Iuppiter. Prayers: Accius Aen. Sive Dec. fr. 4; Cato Orig. 1 fr 12; Agr. 132, 134; Cic. Domo 144-5; Catul. 64.171; 66.30; 66.48; 67.2; 70.2; Horat. Epist. 1.18.10; Sat. 2.3.281; 2.3.288; Juv. Sat. 10.185; Liv Andro. Odis. 1.45; Livy 1.10.6; 1.12.4; 1.18.8; 1.24.7-9; 1.32.6; 6.16.1; 8.6.5; 8.9.6; 22.53.10; Macrob. Sat. 3.9.10; Mart. 7.6; Ovid Fasti 3.365; 4.827; 4.893; 5.716; Heroid. 13.49; Pers. Sat. 3.35; 10.185; Petron. Sat. 44; 122, 156; 126; 498; Plaut. Poen. 1187; Persa 251; Persa 753; Prop. 2.28a.1-2; 4.10.15; 4.11.18; Scr Hist. Aug. Vit. Prob. 12.7; Seneca Herc. Fur. 205; 299; 516; 900; 930; Sil. It. Pun. 3.565-7; 4.126-7; 6.102-7; 6.466-72; 10.4328; 12.643-5; 14.440-1; 15.3623; Statius Theb. III 471-96; VI 197201; Tacit. Ann. 16.35; Hist. 4.58; Tib. 1.3.51; Val. Flac. Argo. 1.667; 4.474; 6.727; Val Sor. fr 4 (Aug. Hip. C. Dei 7.9); Vel. Pat. 2.131.1; Virg. Aen. 1.731; 2.689; 4.206; 5.687; 8.572; 9.495; 9.625; 10.668; 12.176; 12.197; CIL VI 32 323 vs 105; III 01933 (=ILS 4907); CIL 2.172; 3.1933; 5.5543; 6.2065; 6.32323 Lines 105-6.

5.1;[Cato, De Agricultura 141] [Cato, De Agricultura 134] CIL 6.2065; CIL 6.2099; FestusPaul, On the meaning of the words, Lindsay ed., p.40.27 and 57.1618; s. v. Spoila; ILS 5047; Livius 22.10; Macrobius, Saturnalia, 3.10.3 Ovidius, Fasti, 1.5557; 1.83 seq.; 2.6770; 3.730; 4.863900; 5.507-23; Plinius, NH 12.3; 12.86-94; 15.134; 16.30; 33.111; 37.18; Servius, Aen. 8.82; Strabo Geogr. 12.7.13; Virg. Eclog., 8.82; Varro LL 5.152; 6.16

Domestic

Ritus Romanus

same as Lares

Lares Augusti

Familiares

same as Lares Familiares, wether

ILS 5047

Lares Compitales/Viales

Chtonic

pure flour, flour dried in the fire, wine, leavened bread, sunpig shining with Prayer: Plaut. Ritus Romanus baked figs, bacon, grease Merc. 865 beef, sheep, cheese, meat of sheep, wheat, sesame seeds, olive oil, scaly fish

Fest. s. v. pollucere merces; Propertius, Elegies, 4.1.23

Ritus Romanus May not be invoked on dies ateri or four days before the calends, nones, and ides

Lar Familiaris / Lares Familiares

Domestic

Flowers are to Incense; fruits; adorn the Lararium roasted meat with ewe-lamb, pig, and not to be burnt mola salsa; garlands ram (funeral) ); of flowers; edor flour silicernia Prayers: Calp. cakes; pure flour; (sausage served Bucol. 5,26; Cato flour dried in the fire; at funerals, Agr. 2.142; Ennius wine; leavened bread; made of minced Ann. I fr. 141; Liv. sun-baked figs; liver force-fed 8.9.6; Plaut. Mil. bacon; beef; sheep; on winter Glor. 1339; Merc. cheese; meat of sheep, wheat?); 834; Trinum. 39; wheat, sesame seeds, scaly fish Tib. 1.1; 1.3.; 1.10; olive oil, crowns of Val. Max. 2.5.5; rosemary 3.4.5.

Fest. s. v. ador; pollucere merces; Horatius, Satires, 2.5.14; Odes, 3.23.4; Ovidius, Fasti, 2.631-634; Plautus, Aulularia; Plinius, NH 21.11; 28.27; 24.99-100; Servius, Aeneidos, 1.730; Tibullus, Elegies, 1.1.23; 1.3.33 seq; Valerius Maximus, 2.5.5; Varro in Nonius Marcellus, De Compendiosa Doctrina, Lindsay ed. p.554 1-2; Virgilius, Bucolics, 1.43

Liber Pater

Chtonic

Ritus Romanus (the Bachannalia are cakes (liba), libations considered of must (namely first sacra samplings);pine; peregrina, i.e. a cassia, canella, foreign rite not cinnamon included in the Roman public cult )

Manes

Underworld

Ritus Romanus unmixed wine, fresh milk, blood of sacrificial victims, roses, violets, black beans, salted corn, wheat mixed with wine; three grains of frankincense on doorstep at Ferialia

Prayer: Cic. In Verr. II 5.184; Horat. Carm. 1.12.13; 2.19.7; Nemes. Ecl. II 20; Ovid Fasti 3.481; 6.652; Nux 11; ? Plaut. Curc. 117; Prop. 3.17.1-20; Statius Theb. IV 383-404; Tib. 2.1.3; 3.6.1; Virg. Geo. 1.5; Aen. 1.731 ewe, pig, black Use left hand to bull-calves, offer. Inanimate black sheep, offerings are black puppies, dropped/poured to blood of the ground in sacrificial libation without animals burning. Banquet can take place in the presence of the deceased. Prayers: CIL 6.18817Macrob. Sat. III 9.10; Ovid 5.437-43; Sil. It. Pun. 6.113; 8.1402; 15.443-4; Statius Theb. IV 473-87; VII 93103

Festus-Paul, Lindsay ed., p.423.1 seq; Ovid, Fasti, 3.713740; Plinius, NH 12.85; 18.8

Ovidius, Fasti, 2.535-540; 4.436; Plinius, HN 21.11; Statius Thebaid 4.463-7; Valerius Flaccus Argo. 5.192 ff Virgilius, Aeneid 5.55-103

Mania / Mater Larum (mother of the Lares)

Underworld

Ritus Romanus

garlic, poppy heads

Sheep, black ewe

Prayer : Ovid Fasti 6.559 Entrails were offered raw rather than boiled. Prayers: Acta Frat. Arv. p. 123 (Herzen); Carmen Fratrum Arvalium; Cato Agr. 141; Claud. Ruf. 1.3349; Gell. Noct. Att. 13.23.13; Horat. Carm. 1.5.35; Livy 8.9.6, 45.32.2; Lucan Phar. II 59; Ovid Fast. 3.1; 3.73; 4.827; 5.573;Serv. Ad Aen. 3.3; Sil. It. 3.126-7; 10.553-4; Val. Flacc. Argo. 5.244; Vell. Patercul. II 131,1; Virg. Aen. 12.176

ILS 5047Macrobius, Saturnalia, 1.7.35 seq.]

Mars

Celestial

spelt, bacon fat, meat, wine, cakes (strues and fertum); peony; Ritus Romanus iron goblets; iron rings, armor taken in battle

suovetaurilia (sheep, pig and bull), bull, ram, boar; October horse with bread loaves

[Cato, De Agricultura 141] ILS 5047; Fest. s. v. panes; Macrobius, Saturnalia, 3.10.4; Pliny NH 25.16; 34.141; Suetonius, Vita Divi Augusti, 1

Mercury

Celestial, Chtonic, and Underworld

incense, , milk, not wine, beans and Ritus Romanus greens, cypress, crocus; herb mercury, mercurialis annua

goat

Prayers: Hort. Sat. 2.6.14; Serm. II 6,4; Man. Astrom. 1.30ff; Arn. Adv. Gent. Mart. Epigr. 7.74; 7.21; Ovid Fasti Ovid Fast. 5.477; 5.11-14; 5.87-88; 5.663; 5.681; Pers. 5.507-11; 5.671-72; Sat. II 45; Plaut. Pliny NH 25.18; Bacch. 892; Stich. 402; Anthol. Lat. II 1528

Minerva

Celestial

Ritus Romanus

Silver, olive, mixture of dogbur, plantain, and yarrow; Chiron vine; rosemary

Prayers: Acta Frat. Arv. p. 122 (Herzen); Apul. Met. XI 5; Capell. VI 575; Cic. Domo 144-5; Livy 6.16.1; White cow, Ovid Fasti 6.652; Arnob. Adv. Gent. virgin female Nux 11; Scrip. 7.22; CIL 6.2065; calf, Hist. Aug. Vit. 2099; Livy 22.1; suovetaurilia Prob. 12.7; Seneca Pliny NH 12.3; (sow, ewe, Herc. Fur. 900; 24.59; 24.116; 25.16 cow), Sil. It. Pun. 10.432-8; Statius Theb. II 71542;Virg. Aen. 9.483, 11.483; CIL 6.2065; 11.1305

Neptunus

Watery

Prayers: Acta Frat. Arv. p. 123 (Herzen); Arnob. Adv. Nat. 3.43; Hor. Carm. 1.5; Macrobius, Petr. Satyr. 108; Saturnalia 3.10.4; Plaut. Most. 431; Ovid Fasti 3.10.4; Bull dressed Rud. 358; Stich. incense, wine, beans 5.507-9; 5.511; Ritus Romanus with blue 403; Trinum. and greens 5.515-16; Sextus ribbons, horse 819ff; Rodens 906; Skept. 3.220; Stich. 403; Sil. It. Valerius Flaccus Pun. 15.159-62; Argo. 1.188 ff Val. Flac. Argo. 1.188; 1.667; Verg. Aen. 3.52.8, 5.235

Nox Numen Augusti

Celestial

Ritus Romanus Ritus Romanus incense, wine

rooster bull-calf

Ov. Fast. 1.453-454 CIL 12.4333; ILS 154

Penates (ensemble of domestic gods)

Domestic

The Penates were the set of gods worshiped in a household. Cicero Div. II.39; Prayers: Arnobius ewe-lamb (see CIL 6.2042; incense, wine, barley Adv. Nat. 3.43; below on the Dionysius of bread, grain meal, Cicero Domo. 144Ritus Romanus Lares Halicarnassus 2.23; salt, cakes, food, 145; Ennius Familiares), Festus-Paul, Lindsay milk, liba, violets Annales 1 fr. 141 cow ed. p.298; Ovid Persius 2.45; Petr. Fast. 2.631-34; Satyr. 133; Plautus Tibull. 1.1.23; Mercator 834-35; Virgil Aeneid 7.120, 9.247 Prayers: Anthol. Catul. 64.88-93; Lat. II 861; II Ovid Fast. 6.345; Suckling pigs, 1504; Catul. 18; Petronius, Satyr. goats with gilt Nemes. Ecl. II 20; 123; Pl NH 16.141; horns, donkey Petr. Satyr. 133; Virgilius, Eclogae, Tib. I 1.17; I.4.1-6; 7.33-34 Virg. Eclog. 7.33

Priapus

Domestic/Fertility

Ritus Romanus

Wine, milk, cakes (liba); cypress

Proserpina

Underworld

Ritus Romanus

Pennyroyal; myrtle; black poplar

Prayers: Apul. Met. VI 2; XI 2; XI 5; Tib. III 5,6; Appel 10; Homer, Black barren Livy 24.38.8; Od. 10.502-509; heifer, and Senec. Herc. Fur. Macr. Sat. 1.12.23; other black 596; Lucan. Phar. Valerius Maximus, victims; sow VI 695; Statius 2.4.5 Theb. I 85-7; IV 473-87; IV 501-3 red dog, ewe, Prayers: Ovid unweaned Fast. 4.911-932 puppy Prayer: Acta Frat. Arv. 122; 123 (Henz) Columella Rustica, 342 seq; Festus-Paul, Lindsay ed., p.358.27-30

Robigo

Chthonic

Ritus Romanus

incense, wine

Salus Saturnus

Celestial

Ritus Romanus

cow

CIL 6.2065

Chtonic

Ritus Graecus

myrrh

pig?

Festus-Paul, Lindsay

Prayer: Anthol. Lat. I.199,9; Mart. Epigr. XII 62,1; Plaut. Bacch. 892; Cist. 512;

ed., p.274.29-32

Silvanus

Chthonic

Ash trees, cypress trees; roasted spelt Ritus Romanus mixed with wine, bacon fat, wine, and meat

Tellus

Chtonic

Ritus Romanus

spelt cakes

Prayers: Anthol. Lat. II 19; II 250; CIL 3.5561, 12.103; Nemesius Ecl. II 20; Virg. Geo. 1.5 Prayers: Anthol. Lat. I17.1; II 1029.5; II.1048.1; Ant. Mus. Praec. Ter.; Macro. Sat. sow (sometimes III 9, 10; Ovid pregnant), Fasti 1.669; pregnant cow Statius Theb. VIII 303-38; Varro Rust. I 2,27; CIL VI 32 323 vs 136 (=ILS 5050) Prayer: Ovid Lambs blood, Fasti 2.658-62; piglet, ram 2.673-78

Cato, Agr. 83; CIL 12.103; Virgil Georg. 1.20

Ovid, Fasti, 1.657704; 4.629-636

Terminus

Chthonic

Ritus Romanus

Wine, grain, honeycombs

Ovid Fasti 2.640682

Venus

Celestial

Incense, wine, mint, myrtle, pearl, rushes, roses, sweet scented flowers, corn cicely or shepherds needle, Ritus Romanus Venus comb or scandix Veneris; vervain (verbena officialis); thyme; opium poppy; gold necklace & jewelry

Glistening fat, cut into cubes and served as dainties would,

Vesta

Domestic

Ritus Romanus

incense, wine, meat, violets, laurel

Sheep, white ass

Victoria

Celestial

Ritus Romanus

Frankincense, laurel wreathes

cow

Volcanus

Fiery (destructive)

Ritus Romanus

fish, red (?) animals

Prayers: Apul. Met. XI 2; XI 5; Cic. Deor.Nat. Arnob. Adv. Nat, 2.67.27; Hort. 2.67, 27; 24.1; Ovid Carm. 1.3.1, Fasti 4.867-69; 1.30.1; Juv. Sat. Lucretius 1.1-9; 10.290; Lucr. Martial 9.90.13-18; Rerum Nat. I 1-9; Ovid Met. 2.234; Nemes. Ecl. II 20; Pliny NH 9.121; Plaut Bacch. 892; 12.3; 15.119-20; Mil. Glor. 1227; 24.114; Plut. Rom. Rud. 1337; Curc. 20; Virg. Ecl. 5.77 125; Rodens 694ff; Tib. 1.2.41 ff; 3.3,33; 3.9.4 Prayers: Acta Frat. Arv. p. 123, p.147 (Herz.); Cic. [Cato, De Deor. Nat. 2.67.27; Agricultura, 132] Domo 144; Juv. ILS 5047; Ovidius, Sat. 6.386; Ovid Fasti, 3.141-42; Fast. 3.426; 6.429; 3.418; 6.325-48; Ser. Ad Aen. 1.292; 6.629-30 Val. Max. 8.1.5(absol); Vel. Pat. 2.131.1 Prayer: Acta Frat. Arv. p. 123 (Herz.); Auson Ambrosius, Epistles XIX 2,1; Ovid 18.31; Amor. III 2,46; Feriale Duranum Scrip. Hist. Aug. Vit. Prob. 12.7 Prayer: Martial Epigr. 5.7.5; Grattius Cyneg 437Grattius Cyneg. 42; Ovid Fasti 437-42 6.627-36; Festus-Paul, ,

Lindsay ed., p.276.3; Varro, LL 6.20