District Cooling Summit Qatar 2010, IQPC

The Musheireb Project Master Planning & Design Concept For District Cooling
Davar Abi-Zadeh , Arup Fellow, Arup, London

Contents
The Project Global Issues Why is district cooling important? Design to reduce energy demand Heat dissipation & water sources Case studies and crafty ideas

Urban Layers The Musheireb Project - Heart of Doha Qatar Massing Building Height

35 HA Regeneration Scheme 760,000m2 GFA Mixed Use

THE PROJECT Vision and Overall Objectives

To create a sophisticated city district with vitality for the people of Doha .. A rising homeland that confidently embraces modernisation and proudly observes tradition A culture of quality firmly rooted in the infrastructure of our country 'A modern state in the context of Arab culture, tradition and religious beliefs 'A meeting not a melting of cultures 'An environment of freedom, creativity, innovation, communication, meeting and interaction'
His Highness The Emir and Her Highness Sheikha Mozah

. through sustainable urban regeneration to revitalise Inner Doha.

The Project
35 Ha Site Mixed Use Development Very High Quality City Centre Location Close to Amiri Diwan Multi Discipline Project UK/Doha/Hong Kong Input Key Client Doha Land (Qatar Foundation) Arup Fee circa 6.0m 12 month Programme from July 2008.

Urban Layer Basement Strategy

Urban Layers Basement Strategy Basement

Urban Layers Basement Strategy Primary Service Corridor

Urban Layers Basement Strategy Basement with Superblock Structures

Urban Layers Vehicular Movement

Urban Layers Land Use Ground Floor

Urban Layers Land Use Typical Upper Floors

A Sustainable City: a better lifestyle

Main Square Daytime

Boutique Shopping Along the Street

Wadi Experience Section

Why is District Cooling Important for the Project?

Cooling accounts for up to 70% of peak electricity demands in summer months.

Residential

Commercial

Typical electricity use in buildings

District Cooling for the Musheireb

What does the customer want?
Low cost cooling Reliable supply

What does the utility provider want?

Profit Secure income stream Predictable energy supply cost

What does the world want?

Reduce carbon emissions Avoid fuel poverty

Design issues for Master Planning What can the designer do?

Design to reduce energy demand Design to supply energy efficiently Maximise use of renewable energy

Reduce Demand
Business-as-Usual & Low Carbon Cooling Loads

Building Type

BAU Design Cooling Load Densities (W/m) 120 150 220 180 180 200 150

Low Carbon Cooling Load Densities (W/m) 50? 80? 100? 90? 90? 100? 80?

Residential Commercial Retail Community, Mosque Cultural, School Hotel Administrative

Diurnal Cooling Load Distribution - Mixed Use Development

120000 100000
C o o lin g L o a d (k W )

80000 60000 40000 20000 0 0

Residential Diwan Admin Commercial National Archive

Thermal storage for peak lopping

5
Retail Mosque

10

15
Community School Cultural

20
Hotel

25

Time of Day (hrs)

Average Load Profile

Efficiency of Supplying Chilled Water Scale Effects

District Cooling, Building Cooling and Room Cooling

Renewable Energy
Concentrated Solar Thermal Solar Photovoltaics Wind Power Biomass Energy Waste to Energy

Efficiency of Supplying Chilled Water - Technology

Efficiency of Alternative Cooling Technologies

Implications for Developers

Paradigm shift developer becomes utility provider
Changes in the role of State and Municipality Finance and fuel Changes in the technology of supply New business models - apportionment of risks - need for regulation - delivery mechanisms Will it work?

Role of Designer in Delivering Low Carbon District Cooling

Reduce cooling demand Central generation chilled water Use renewable energy wherever possible

The Museireb DC: Low carbon cost effective district cooling through design and innovation

The Musheireb Project Master Plan

Location of Central Cooling Plants & Infrastructure Overview

CP1 CP2

District Cooling System Components

22 Superblocks Potable Water (Back-up) Wadi Sewer Water gravity feed
Cooling Towers Storage ETS ETS ETS Cooling Towers Storage

Potable Water (Back-up)

Pump Pit

Return to Wadi Sewer

CHW Flow Chillers CHW Return Cooling tower Make Up Blowdown Waste Streams Blowdown Chillers

Water Storage

Water Treatment

Reject Sump

Conventional Chillers Cooling Towers

Alternative Integrate with a desalination plant

Back to Basics: Vapour Compression Cycle Efficiency

Cooling Tower
1C improvement in both Evap and Cond approach: Chiller efficiency improves by 4.3 -4.8%.
Pressure
Condenser Cooling Water Temperature LCWT LChWT Evaporator

District Cooling : 35,500TR Plant would give a saving of 1,000kW in power.

Cooling Effect

Power Input

Enthalpy

Heat Dissipation: System Selection

Condenser water: re-circulation Evaporation Bleed

Evaporation rate / (Cycle - 1)

Drift loss Water losses (Eva.+Bleed+Drift) Water consumption for top up

Water Source Fresh Water (BaU)

Load ~ 125 MW Re-circulation ~ 23,000 m3/hr Make-up Water~ 300 m3/hr Total Water ~ 1.3 Mm3/yr

Enough Water: 20,000 people

Water Source Wadi water, Waste Water, Sewer Water with Cooling Towers
Load ~ 125 MW Re-circulation ~ 23,000 m3/hr Make-up Water~ 250 m3/hr Total Water ~ 1.5 Mm3/yr

Water Source Cooling Tower & Sea Water Make-up

Load ~ 125 MW Re-circulation ~ 23,700 m3/hr Make-up Water~ 820 m3/hr Total Water ~ 3.5 Mm3/yr

Water Source Sea Water (Once through)

Load = 125 MW Re-circulation ~ 53,000 m3/hr Make-up Water = 53,000 m3/hr Total Water = 230 Mm3/yr

Summary of Heat Dissipation Options

Energy & carbon foot print
System BaU Potable Water GWh/yr 17.1 0.0 17.1 4.9 22.0 92.6 114.6 51,100 Cooling Towers, Wadi Water GWh/yr 17.1 2.9 20.0 20.0 92.6 112.6 50,100 Cooling Towers, Sea Water GWh/yr 18.3 0.6 18.8 18.8 96.6 115.5 51,400 Once Through Cooling, Sea Water GWh/yr 36.2 36.2 36.2 96.6 132.8 59,100

Annual electricity demand: Cooling towers & pumps Water supply & treatment Cooling System Embodied energy: fresh water Cooling system total energy Chillers & CHW pumps Total Carbon Footprint, Tonnes/yr

Cooling system energy consumption

50 40
GWh/Y

Chiller Eff. Loss Embodied Energy WS,Water Treat CT & Pumps

30 20 10 0 BaU CT & WTP MCT OT

Options

Total energy consumption (cooling tower and chillers)

Comparison of energy usage for different cooling strategies
140%

120%

Energy Consumption (%)

100% Chillers and CHW Distribution Energy Cooling Water Energy 60% 82% 82% 86%

80% 86%

40%

20% 20% 0% 18% 17%

32%

BaU Cooling Towers Fresh Water

Cooling Towers Sewer Water

Cooling Towers Sea Water

Once Through Sea Water System

Heat Dissipation Systems OPEX & CAPEX

Vapour Compression Chiller DC Plant 125MW (35,500TR) CAPEX (Million US$)

BaU Cooling Towers fresh water 61

Cooling Towers wadi water

Cooling Towers sea water

Once through sea water system 90

66

92

OPEX (Million US$)

6.8

5.5

5.4

5.9

Based on: Electricity cost: 0.04 $/KWH and Water cost: 1.49 $/m3

Cooling Towers Design Issues

Sensitive locations
Visual impact: screening Noise from cooling plant Vapour plumes

Courtesy of Qatar Cool

Solution
Screening Noise attenuation Design to reduce plumes

75MW

Pluming Mitigation
On Line Control
0.020 0.018
0.020 0.018

Moisture Content [kg/kg]

Moisture Content [kg/kg]

0.016 0.014 0.012 0.010 0.008 0.006 0.004 0.002 0.000 0 5 10 15 20 25

0.016 0.014 0.012 0.010 0.008 0.006 0.004 0.002 0.000 0 5 10 15 20 25

Theoretical tower outlet Readjusted tower outlet

Saturation Line Tangent to Sat. Line PLUME NO PLUME

Saturation Line Ambient condition

Ambient Dry Bulb Temperature [C]

Ambient Dry Bulb Temperature [C]

The Musheireb Chilled Water Distribution

Basement and service Tunnel, Master Plan stage

Building Block

Building Block

Phasing Overview

 Thank You Questions

Conclusions
The cooling demand consumes large amount of energy, e.g. 70% of total electricity. 80% of the district cooling energy is used to chill the water (refrigeration plant). The demand must be reduced through sustainable and good engineering. Use renewable and waste energy if it is available. Energy consumption for cooling system with sea water is the least ss than the three options considered.

Implications for Developers

Paradigm shift developer becomes utility provider
Changes in the role of State and Municipality Finance and fuel Changes in the technology of supply New business models - apportionment of risks - need for regulation - delivery mechanisms Will it work?

Doha - History

Access Interrupting Infrastructure and MEP

Global Issues

Water Scarcity Fossil Fuel Depletion

Global Warming Urbanisation