NASA

Technical

Memorandum

84245

USAAVRADCOM

.,o3-

_,.7

TR-82-A-8

17 5.)__

17

An Experimental Study of Dynamic

Stall on Advanced Airfoil Sections
Volume 3. Hot-Wire and Hot-Film
Measurements
L. W. Carr, W. J. McCroskey:
S. L. Pucci, and O. Lambert

December

K. W. McAlister,

1982

fU/LS/
National AeronautMcs and
Space Administration

REPRODUCED BY
U.S. DEPARTMENT
OF COMMERCE
NATIONALTECHNICAL
INFORMATION SERVICE
SPRINGFIELD, VA 22161

United States Army

Aviation Research
and Development
Command

NASA

Technical

Memorandum

84245

USAAVRADCOM

TR-82-A-8

An Experimental Study of Dynamic

Stall on Advanced Airfoil Sections
Volume 3. Hot-Wire and Hot-Film
Measurements
L. W. Carr
W. J. McCroskey
K. W. McAlister
S. L. Pucci,

Aeromechanics
AV RADCOM
Ames

O. Lambert,

Research

Service
Paris,

Laboratory
Research and Technology
Center,

Technique

Moffett

Field,

des Constructions

Laboratories
California
Aeronautiques,

France

NASA
National Aeronautics
Space Administration

and

Ames Research Center

Moffett Field California 94035

United States Army

Aviation Research and
Development
Command
St. Louis. Missouri
63166

TABLE

OF

LIST

OF

FIGURES

..........

LIST

OF

TABLES

..............................

...................................

SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION
DESCRIPTION
DATA

ANALYSIS

ix
xl

EXPERIMENTAL
AND

PROCEDURES

INTERPRETATION

...................

......................

Averaging
Techniques
..........................
Example
of Signal
Analysis
.......................

REFERENCES

i
I

Skln-Frictlon
Gage ...........................
Hot-Wire
Probe
.............................
Reverse-Flow
Sensors
..........................

RESULTS

................................
OF

. ....................

SYMBOLS

CONTENTS

I
2
2
3
3
4
4
4

...................................

.................................

TABLES

...................................

FIGURES

...................................

36

PRECEDING

PAGE BLANK NOT

lli

FILMED

LESTOF FIGURES

Diagram

showing

Diagram

of

installation

hot-film

of

skin-frlction

spar

and

gage

airfoil

shell

in

tunnel

37

.................

Response
of hot-film
skln-friction
gages mounted
on Ames A-01
airfoil
during
airfoil
oscillation
in pitch
(_ = 15 + i0 sin
k ffi0.i0, M_ ffi0.22)
..........................
Response
airfoil
k =

0.i0,

Diagram

i0

12

13

14

M_

= 0.295)

of dual-element

gages at
in pitch

rot,

37

surface
of NACA 0012
(s = 15 + i0 sin mr,

38

........................
hot-wlre

probe

38

.................

Response
of hot-wlre
anemometer
probes
on Wortmann
FX-098
airfoil
during
airfoil
oscillation
in pitch
(_ ffi15 + i0 sin _t,
k = 0.i0, M_ = 0.ii)
..........................

39

Response
edge of

39

of hot-wire
anemometer
the Vertol
VR-7 airfoil

probe
during

installed
near
trailing
oscillation
in pitch

......

Results
obtained
using
trlple-wlre
flow-reversal
sensor:
(a) Typical
comparison
of flow-reversal
sensor
and hot-wlre
anemometer
signal
(from ref. 2); (b) Progression
of flow reversal
up airfoil
during
dynamic
stall
(from ref. 2)
.............

4O

Diagram
of
(from ref.

41

three-element,
directionally
2)
............................

Comparison
of
from hot-wire
in

II

of hot-film
skin-friction
during
airfoil
oscillation

36

....

pitch:

--,

sensitive

hot-wire

lO0-cycle
ensemble
average
and slngle-cycle
anemometers
for Vertol
VR-7 airfoil
during
i00

cycle

average;

......

, slngle

probe

signals
oscillation

cycle

42

......

Response
of hot-film
skln-frlctlon
gage and hot-wlre
anemometer
probes
on Vertol
VR-7 during
oscillation
in pitch
(a - 15 + i0 sin
k ffi0.i0, M_ = 0.185)
.........................

_t,

43

Phase
angle,
_t, of flow reversal
on NACA 0012 airfoil
vs chord
location
for a range of Mach numbers
at
k ffi0.i, _ - 15 + I0 sin
Mach number
effects
..........................

_t --

Phase
angle,
_t, of flow reversal
on Ames A-OI airfoil
vs chord
location
for a range of Mach numbers
at
k - 0.i, e = 15 + i0 sin
Mach number
effects
..........................

_t --

Phase
angle,
_t, of flow reversal
on Wortmann
FX-098
location
for a range of Mach numbers
at
k = 0.i, _
Mach number
effects
.........................

FRECEDING
V

airfoil
ffi15 +

44

45

vs chord
i0 sin _t --

46

PAGE BLA_'_

I',_OT ."_",.-,-,--.,,"_;-:

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

Phase
angle,
_t, of flow reversal
on Sikorsky
SC-I095
airfoil
vs chord
location
for a range of Mach numbers
at
k = 0.i, _ = 15 + i0 sin _t -Mach number
effects
. .........................

47

Phase
angle,
_t, of flow reversal
on Hughes
HH-02
location
for a range of Math numbers
at
k = 0.I,
Mach number
effects
.........................

48

airfoil
vs chord
_ = 15 + i0 sin

Phase
angle,
_t, of flow reversal
on Vertol
VR-7 airfoil
vs
location
for a range of Mach numbers
at
k = 0.i, e = 15 +
Mach number
effects
..........................

chord
i0 sin

26

27

_t -49

Phase
angle,
_t, of flow reversal
on NLR-I
airfoil
vs chord location
for a range of Mach numbers
at
k = 0.i, _ = 15 + i0 sin _t -Mach
number
effects
.............................

50

Phase
angle,
wt, of flow reversal
on NLR-7
airfoil
vs chord location
for a range of Math numbers
at
k = 0.i, _ = 15 + I0 sin _t --Mach
number
effects
............................

51

Phase
angle,
_t, of flow reversal
on NACA 0012 airfoil
vs
location
for a range of frequencies
at
M_ = 0.295,
= 12 + 5 sin _t -- light-stall
conditions
..............

chord
51

Phase
angle,
_t, of flow reversal
on Ames A-01 airfoil
vs
location
for a range of frequencies
at
M_ = 0.295,
= ii + 5 sin _t -- llght-stall
conditions
..............

chord
52

Phase
angle,
_t, of flow reversal
on Wortmann
FX-098
airfoil
location
for a range of frequencies
at
M_ = 0.295,
= i0 + 5 sin _t -- light-stall
conditions
..............
Phase
angle,
wt, of flow reversal
on Sikorsky
chord
location
for a range of frequencies
at
= ii + 5 sin _t -- light-stall
conditions
Phase

angle,

_t,

of

flow

reversal

on Hughes

SC-I095
airfoil
M_ = 0.295,
..............
HH-02

airfoil

vs

vs

chord
52

vs
53
chord

location
for a range of frequencies
at
M_ = 0.295,
= i0 + 5 sin _t -- light-stall
conditions
..............
25

_t-

Phase
angle,
_t, of flow reversal
on Vertol
VR-7 airfoil
vs
location
for a range of frequencies
at
M_ = 0.295,
= 15 + 5 sin _t -- light-stall
conditions
..............

53
chord
54

Phase
angle,
_t, of flow reversal
on NLR-I
airfoil
vs chord
location
for a range of frequencies
at
M_ = 0.295,
= i0 + 5 sin _t -- light-stall
conditions
..............

54

Phase
angle,
_t, of flow reversal
on NLR-7 airfoil
vs
location
for a range of frequencies
at
M_ = 0.295,
e = 15 + 5 sin _t -- light-stall
conditions
.........

55

vl

chord

28

Phase angle, wt, of flow reversal on AmesA-01 airfoil

vs chord for a
range of frequencies at M_ = 0.295, _ _ 15 + i0 sin _t -- deep-stall
conditions

29

30

Phase
angle,
_t, of flow reversal
for a range of frequencies
at
M_
conditions

56

........................

Phase
angle,
_t, of flow reversal
on Wortmann
for a range of frequencies
at
M_ = 0.295,
_
deep-stall
conditions
........................

deep-stall
31

......

W-98 airfoil
vs chord
= 15 + i0 sin _t --

on Wortmann
FX-098
airfoil
= 0.185,
e = 15 + i0 sin

57

vs chord
_t --

.........................

Phase
angle,
_t, of flow reversal
on Vertol
VR-7 airfoil
vs chord
for a range of frequencies
at
M_ = 0.295,
= = 15 + i0 = sin _t -deep-stall
conditions
.........................

vii

58

59

LIST

Summary

Phase

angle

of

flow

reversal:

NACA

0012

airfoil

............

Phase

angle

of flow

reversal:

Ames

A-01

airfoil

............

Phase

angle

of

flow

reversal:

Wortmann

FX-098

Phase

angle

of

flow

reversal:

Sikorsky

SC-I

Phase

angle

of

flow

reversal:

Hughes

HH-02

Phase

angle

of

flow

reversal:

Vertol

VR-7

Phase

angle

of

flow

reversal:

NLR

Phase

angle

of

flow

reversal:

NLR-7301

ii

12

13

14

15

16

analyzed

flow-reversal

data

10

of

OF TABLES

.................

NL-I

airfoil
airfoil

airfoil
airfoil

Error-bound
for flow-reversal
measurements
airfoil
................................

(deg):

Error-bound
airfoil

for flow-reversal
measurements
...............................

(deg):

Error-bound
for flow-reversal
measurements
airfoil
................................

(deg):

Error-bound
for flow-reversal
measurements
airfoil
................................

(deg):

Catalog

of

19

Catalog

20

ii

...........

12

(deg):

18

I0

............

Error-bound
for flow-reversal
measurements
airfoil
................................

to

..........

airfoil

(deg):

to

I0

12

Error-bound
for flow-reversal
measurements
airfoil
................................

pertaining

..........

............

(deg):

Notes

airfoil

Error-bound
for flow-reversal
measurements
airfoil
................................

17

.........

NACA

0012

13
Ames

A-01

14
Wortmann

FX-098

15
Hughes

HH-02

16
Vertol

VR-7
17

NLR-I

18
NLR-7301
18

..................

19

0012

airfoil

..............

20

A-01

airfoil

..............

22

tables

18

25

recorded

data:

NACA

of

recorded

data:

Ames

Catalog

of

recorded

data:

Wortmann

FX-098

21

Catalog

of

recorded

data:

Sikorsky

SC-I095

22

Catalog

of

recorded

data:

Hughes

HH-02

airfoil
airfoil

airfoil

24

...........
..........

............

26
28

ix

PRECEDING

PAGE

[;LANK NOT F;LP.'_'_O

23

Catalog

of

recorded

data:

Vertol

24

Catalog

of

recorded

data:

NLR-I

25

Catalog

of

recorded

data:

NLR-7301

VR-7
airfoil

airfoil

...............

airfoil

.............

............

30
32
34

SYMBOL
S

chord,

CM

moment

coefficient

CN

normal

force

FR

flow

HF

hot-film

HW

hot-wire

reduced

LS

lift

free-stream

MS

moment

NFR

no

tea ttachment

TI

transition

from

turbulent

T2

transition

from

laminar

time,

sec

local

velocity,

distance

along

angle

incidence,

coefficient

reversal

frequency

stall
Mach

number

stall

flow

of

reversal

rotational

detected

to
to

laminar

flow

turbulent

flow

m/sec
the

chord,

frequency,

deg
rad/sec

xl

AN

EXPERIMENTAL

STUDY

VOLUME
L.
U.S.

W.

Carr,

Army

OF

3.

DYNAMIC

HOT-WIRE

W. J.

STALL
AND

McCroskey,

Aeromechanics

ON ADVANCED

HOT-FILM

K.

SECTIONS

MEASUREMENTS

W. McAlister,

Laboratory

AIRFOIL

(AVRADCOM),

and
Ames

S. L.

Pucci

Research

Center

and
O. Lambert
Service

Technique

des

Constructions

Aeronautiques,

Paris,

France

SUMMARY

Detailed

unsteady

boundary-layer

measurements

are

presented

for

eight

airfoils

oscillated
in pitch
through
the dynamic-stall
regime.
The present
report
(the third
of three volumes)
describes
the techniques
developed
for analysis
and evaluation
of
the hot-film
and hot-wlre
signals,
offers
some interpretation
of the results,
and
tabulates
all the cases
in which flow reversal
has been recorded.

INTRODUCTION

The

study

of

dynamic

stall

of

oscillating

airfoils

has

demonstrated

the

need

for

obtaining
detailed
boundary-layer
data during
the stall process.
Results
from the
present
experiment
show that boundary-layer
characteristics
can be signifi=antly
altered
by airfoil
shape,
and that the boundary-layer
behavior
is sensitive
to many
parameters
associated
with
the airfoil
motion.
These conclusions
are based
on analysis of signals
from hot-wire
and hot-film
probes
mounted
near or at the surface
of
the various
airfoils.
However,
evaluation
of hot-wire
data is very subjective,
and
presents
developed

a formidable
for analysis

some interpretations
reversal
data have
in reference
were
studied
distribution
The present
ments
that

analytical
task.
The present
report
describes
the techniques
and evaluation
of the hot-film
and hot-wlre
signals,
offers

of
been

the results,
and tabulates
recorded.
An overview
of

virtually
machined

in which
has been

I; a detailed
summary
of this test and the experimental
is presented
in volume
1 of the present
report;
details
results,
along with lift and moment
data are presented
report
presents
were obtained.

the

DESCRIPTION

The

all the cases

the experiment

experiment

was

designed

corresponding

OF

details

EXPERIMENTAL

to allow

accurate

the

viscous

conditions
that
of the pressure
in volume
2.
flow

measure-

PROCEDURES

testing

identical
operating
conditions.
Therefore
into a shell which could be attached
to the

the instrumentation.
After
each airfoil
removed
from the shell;
it then remained
the next shell.
In this way,
the various

of

flowpresented

of various

airfoils

each airfoil
profile
was
metal
spar that contained

under
all

profile
was tested,
the instrumentation
was
with
the spar, ready for installation
of
profiles
could be tested
using
identical

instrumentation
and oscillation
mechanisms;
details
of this system
are presented
in
reference
i; figure
I is a diagram
of the spar with a shell installed.
Instantaneous
single-surface
pressure
measurements
were obtained
for a wide range of test conditions.
Hot-wire,
hot-film
measurements,
or both,
were made near
the airfoil
surface
to determine
the flow-reversal
characteristics
for each test condition.
Three
different
types of hot-wlre
anemometer
sensors
were used during
the oscillating
airfoil
test:
hot-film
surface
skin-friction
gages,
dual hot-wire
probes,
and trlple-wlre
flow-reversal
sensors.
The most common
configurations
had either
six hot-films
along
the airfoil
upper
surface,
or one hot-film
at the leading
edge
(x/C = 0.025)
and five
hot-wires
distributed
along
the upper
surface.
The data were recorded
on 32-channel
analog
tape, with a timing
code that allowed
comparison
of hot-wire
data and the
pressure
data, which were recorded
separately
for each test condition.

DATA

ANALYSIS

AND

Skin-Fric

INTERPRETATION

tion

Gage

The skin-friction
gage that was used during
a major
portion
of the test
consisted
of an alumina-coated
platinum
surface
element
epoxied
into a metal
(see fig. 2).
This sensor,
which was very resistant
to damage,
was used for
the oscillating
design
must be

airfoil
test program.
taken into account
when

However,
analyzing

the characteristics
the output
signals.

The output
from the hot-film
probe is related
to the shear
reversal
occurs,
the instantaneous
value
of shear stress
passes
there
is a local minimum
in the resultant
signal.
Unfortunately,
of the energy
supplied
to the probe element
is transmitted
from
substrate
of the gage.
This heat
the output
voltage
of the probe.
value
of the hot-film
fully
separated
(with
interpretation
of the

Figure
3 presents
an example
near the leading
edge of the Ames
"TI,"
the flow has passed
through
resultant
reduction
in
remains
laminar
during
transition
to turbulent
corresponding
increase

this

probe

stress;
when flow
through
zero, and
a significant
part
the element
to the

transfer
results
in a relatively
In addition,
this heat transfer

signal
to decrease
slowly
with time, even
a nominal
shear-stress
value = 0).
These
signal
somewhat
difficult.

of

program
sleeve
much of

high dcmoffset
in
causes
the minimum

when the flow is

effects
can make

of the output
from skin-friction
gages mounted
A-01 airfoil
during
oscillation.
At the marker
transition
from turbulent
to laminar
flow, with

shear stress
and decrease
in
the low-angle
portion
of the
flow occurs
(at "T2"),
and
in signal
magnitude,
as well

the

fluctuation
intensity.
The flow
cycle;
as the angle increases,
the skln-frlction
gage shows a
as an increase
in fluctuation

amplitude.
The next major
event,
marked
by "FR," is the occurrence
of flow reversal;
this results
in a drop in the magnitude
of the shear stress.
Note that the signal
does not remain
constant,
even though
the airfoil
flow has separated;
this continuing
decrease
is associated
with the heat-transfer
effects
outlined
earlier.
Finally,
marker
"R" indicates
the point when flow reattaches
to the airfoil
(during
the downstroke),
beginning
the oscillation
cycle once more.

in

Unfortunately,
figure
3 is not

the relatively
always
present.

crisp delineation
of flow
Figure
4 shows an example

of leading-edge
flow:
here,
the development
of
and the decreasing
of thesignal
to its minimum
decreasing
of the minimum
itself.
The estimated
"FR."

flow reversal
is difficult
flow-reversal

conditions
of a less

that appears
clear
case

is relatively
slow,
to separate
from the
points
are marked
by

Hot-Wire Probe
fig.
the
loss

Hot-wire anemometermeasurementswere performed using a dual-wire probe (see

5); this dual-wlre approach was chosen to reduce the chance of interruption
of
test as a result
of wire breakage;
of either
wire would not mean the

since both wires were

loss of flow-reversal

being
recorded,
information
at

x-statlon.
The output
signal
from a hot-wlre
probe is a nonlinear
local velocity;
therefore,
the signals
were linearized
and scaled
resultant
signal
was approximately
proportional
to the associated
shows a representative
example
of hot-wlre
data for flow near the
FX-098
airfoil.

x/C

As the angle
= 0.025;
this

of attack
increases,
is observed
at "T2"

transition
in figure
6

to turbulent
for hot-wlre

the
that

function
of the
such that the
velocity.
Figure
6
leading
edge of the

flow occurs
probe HWI.

at
Note

that

there
is no dramatic
change
in the output
signal magnitude.
Transition
on airfoils
occurs
at low angles
of attack,
for conditions
where
the boundary
layer is thin.
In
these conditions,
the hot-wlre
probe is often near or at the edge of the boundary
layer.
Therefore,
the change
of the velocity
profile
during
transition
has little
or no effect
on the value
of
U; transition
will mainly
be marked
by changes
in the
fluctuation
level.
The next major
flow phenomenon
is marked
by "FR"; at this point
the flow has separated
from the airfoil,
causing
an abrupt
decrease
in the local
velocity.
Note that the hot-wlre
signal
changes
abruptly
to zero, and then continues at a well-defined
constant
value
(compare
with the hot-film
output
of fig. 3).
Later,
reattachment
occurs
(at "R"); as the minimum
angle is approached,
the flow
becomes
As

laminar
was

delineated.
VR-7 airfoil
is very
Because

again,

noted

for

and
the

the

cycle

hot-film,

repeats.
the

hot-wire

Figure
7 shows a hot-wire
signal
which
was difficult
to evaluate.

high,
and is masking
the
this turbulent
component

results

are

not

always

clearly

measured
near the trailing
edge of the
The turbulence
level in this signal

development
of
is superimposed

the
on

periodic
component
the periodic
part

of the signal.
of the signal,

the instantaneous
value of the signal
reaches
zero long before
and after flow
reversal
of the ensemble-averaged
flow (marked
as "FR" in the figure)
would have
occurred.
Therefore,
the error band for signals
measured
near the trailing
edge
significantly

larger

than

those

associated

Reverse-Flow
A specially
reversal
on the

with

leading-edge,

or mldchord

is

locations.

Sensors

designed
hot-wlre
probe was developed
for evaluation
of the flow
VR-7 airfoil.
This airfoil
has trailing-edge
flow reversal
during

almost
all unsteady
flow conditions,
and a better
method
was needed
for determining
the reversal
point under
these conditions.
The probe
is described
in detail
in reference
2; operation
is based
on the use of a highly
heated
center
wire, with two
additional
wires,
one upstream
and one downstream
of this heater,
operated
at low
overheat
ratio.
These additional
wires
detect
the heated
wake of the center
wire,
and a comparison
probe
system
can

circuit
detect

is especially
effective
of the output
from this
presented
in figure
9.

is used to determine
the instantaneous
both
the magnitude
and the direction
of
in regions
probe are

of hlgh-turbulence,
presented
in figure

flow direction.
the local flow,

low-veloclty
8; a diagram

flow.
of the

This
and

Examples
probe
is

Averaging Techniques
Ensemble-averaging is often used to extract determinate signals from unsteady
turbulent flow data, and this approach was applied to the present hot-wire data.
Figure i0 presents the results of an ensemble-average of i00 cycles of the hot-wire
signals on the VR-7 airfoil.
It is evident in this figure that cyclic averaging
smears the flow-reversal signal (to the point where no approach to zero voltage is
observable in the averaged signal).
In contrast, note the data for the last cycle
digitized (shown as dotted in fig. i0).
In this case, there are several instances
of zero velocity; there are also indications of vortex motion on the airfoil
(in the
40, 60, and 80 percent x/C wire outputs), which cannot be observed in the averaged
data. There were small but significant variations in the angle at which flow
reversal occurred between one cycle and the next; therefore, averages based on
mechanical timing marks were not always able to capture the flow phenomena. In fact,
this variation was sufficient in the present case to completely obscure the flowreversal point in the data (in order to properly correlate these data, a true conditional ensemble-averaging technique would be needed, possibly triggered by a change
in the character of the leadlng-edge pressure). Therefore, although someof the hotwire and hot-film data were digitized and cyclically averaged, the analysis presented
in this report has been based on visual evaluation of the analog signals for each of
several cycles, after which the values of _t associated with flow reversal for a
given sensor were averaged.
Example of Signal Analysis
Figure ii showsan example of a set of hot-wire and hot-film analog signals
obtained during one period of oscillation.
The first three signals are the angle of
attack, the lift
coefficient,
and the momentcoefficient,
showing the llft
stall
(LS) and the momentstall (MS). The next six signals comefrom anemometersensors:
one hot-film near the leading edge (HFI), and five hot-wire probes (HWI to HW6).
The markers on these signals refer to the various events that have an effect on the
hot-wlre and hot-film readings: FR-- initiation
of reversed flow; R -- reattachment
of flow; TI -- transition from turbulent to laminar flow; T2 -- transition from laminar
to turbulent flow (as determined from hot-film signals).
RESULTS
Results similar to these have been analyzed for all eight airfoils.
In particular, the phase angle wt, at which flow reversal first appears at the x/C location
of each hot-wire or hot-film probe, has been documentedfor a range of Machnumbers,
frequencies, and stall severity for each airfoil.
These phase angles, determined by
the techniques outlined earlier, have been recorded in degrees measured through the
oscillation
cycle, referenced to the meanangle, for ds/dt > 0. Table i presents a
summaryof the analyzed flow-reversal data. The Machnumber studies were performed
for e = 15 + i0 sin _t, k = 0.i, and cover Mach number conditions
that range
from
incompressible
values
(M_ _ 0.035)
to ones that include
small regions
of supersonic
flow near the leading
edge (M_ = 0.30).
The "llght-stall"
frequency
studies
present
data for a range of frequencies
at
M = 0.30, where
the amplitudeand
mean angle
have
been chosen
to cause a slight
overshoot
of the static
stall angle associated
with
each airfoil
during
the oscillatory
motion.
The "deep-stall"
study presents
data for
a range
defined

of
in

frequencies
at
M_ = 0.30, _ = 15 + i0 sin _t
ref. i as a condition
in which a fully developed

(deep stall has been

vortex
is formed
during

the oscillation
cycle).
The experimental data in deep stall were less amenable to
analysis -- the results were more subjective and in somecases inconclusive.
Therefore,

the
The

results
results

for
of

only

these

three
surveys

airfoils
are

are

presented

reported.
graphically

in

figures

12

to

31.

Figures
12 to 19 present
Mach number
effects
for deep-stall
conditions;
figures
20
to 27 present
frequency
effects
for llght-stall
conditions;
and figures
28 to 31
present
frequency
effects
for deep-stall
conditions.
These
data are also presented
in tabular
form in tables
2 to 9.
The error bounds
for these surveys
are presented
in tables
i0 to 16.
Finally,
a catalog
of all the hot-film
and hot-wlre
data that
were recorded
is presented
in tables
17 to 25, tabulated
according
to the corresponding

pressure

data

(stored

in

digital

form,

as

explained

in vols.

i and

2).

REFERENCES
McCroskey,
W. J.; McAlister,
K. W.; Carr, L. W.;
Indergand,
R. F.:
"Dynamic
Stall on Advanced
American
Helicopter
Society,
July 1981.

lo

Carr,
L. W.; and
for Detection
Congress
on
pp. 154-162.

Pucci,
Airfoil

McCroskey,
W. J.:
"A Directionally
of Flow Reversal
in Highly
Unsteady

Instrumentation

in

Aerospace

Facilities

S. L.; Lambert,
Sections,"
J.

O.; and
of the

Sensitive
Hot-Wire
Probe
Flows,"
in International
1979

Record,

Sept.

1979,

TABLEi.-

SUMMARY
OF ANALYZED
FLOW-REVERSAL
DATA

Airfoil

Mach

NACA0012,
A-01
FX-098
SC-I095

No. a

aMach number
sweep
bFrequency
sweep,
a

x/c

gHot-wire

TABLE

Mach
No.

2.-

x/c

= 0.025;

0.025,

0.4,

0.i0,

0.6,

ANGLE

OF

at

= 0.29.
all

reverse-flow

other
sensors

REVERSAL:

NACA

0012

AIRFOIL

x/c
0.025

I O. i00

i0.0
50.0
59.5
67.0
60.5
43.5
21.5
14.5
10.5
8.0
8.5

0.0
46.5
54.5
61.5
53.0
39.0
24.5
16.5
15.0
13.0
10.5

0.250

Ref.
frame
0.400

i0 sin

O. 6OO

_t,

1.0

3.0

40.0
44.5
50.5
45.0
38.0
26.0
18.0
21.0
16.0
13.5

35.5
40.0
50.5
41.5
36.5
29.0
21.0
21.5
20.5
16.5

O. 80O

ffi0.I
6.0
23.0
35.5
47.0
36.5
35.5
29.5
28.0
23.0
24.0
22.0

12.5
15.0
19.5
35.0
30.0
27.5
33.5
28.5
24.0
20.5
20.5

x/c
0.025

0.i00
a - 12 +

0.025
.050
.i00
.200

wire

0.25;

FLOW

Reduced
freq.

hot

_t,

probe.

a = 15 +
0.036
.076
.ii0
.145
.185
.220
.250
.270
.280
.290
.295

sin

0.8

velocity

PHASE

Comb .f

a = 15 + i0 sin _t, k = 0.I.

= 15 a + i0 sin _t, M = 0.295.

sweep,
a = ao + al
shear-stress
gage.

"Hot film at
locations.
fHot wire at

stall b

Comb .e
Wireg

Comb .e
Comb. e

Comb. e
Film d
Film d

CFrequency
dHot-film

Deep

stall c

Film d
Film _
C omh. e
Film d

Film d
Film d
Wireg
Film d
Film d

HH-02
VR-7
NLR-I
NLR-7301

at

Light

NFR
NFR
NFR
35.5

55.5
32.5
34.0
44.0

0.250
5 sin
48.0
37.0
42.5
54.0

0.400
_t,
37.0
38.0
45.0
59.0

0.600

0.800

8013
8115
2320
2314
2310
2208
2204
2202
2200
2103
2101

Ref.
frame

= 0.295
32.5
33.0
47.5
64.0

26.5
31.0
41.0
71.0

7201
7204
7206
7208

TABLE

Mach
No.

3.-

PHASE

ORIGINAL

PAGE

OF

QUALITY

POOR

ANGLE

OF

FLOW

0.025

0.I00

0.250

48.5
56.5
56.5
53.5
29.5
18.0
12.0

48.5
47.5
53.0
46.5
29.0
19.5
16.0

32.5
35.5
31.5
32.5
26.0
19.5
17.5

0.025

0.i00

0.600

_t,

26.5
33.5
34.0
33.0
29.5
23.0
19.5

0.250

NFR
NFR

63.5
96.0

A-01

AIRFOIL

0.800

Data

too

NFR
12.5
12.0
14.5
23.0

i0 sin
6.5

15.5
16.0
17.5
28.5

11.5
12.0
17.5
23.5

0.600

22.5
43.5
44.5
28.5
33.5
31.5
28.5

59.0
65.5

to be
_t,
5.0
ii.0
14.5
19.0
28.0

0.800

24400
24316
24219
24210
24202
24118
24108

Ref.
frame

M = 0.295

1 59.5
68.5

irregular

12.0

_t,

Ref.
frame

= 0.I
25.5
37.5
38.0
39.0
32,0
27.0
23.0

0.400

5 sin

59.5
72.0

a = 15 +
0.010
.025
.05
.i00
.150

Ames

x/c

= ii +
0.010
.050
.010

0.400

i0 sin

Reduced
freq.

REVERSAL:

x/c

= 15 +
0.076
.ii0
.185
.220
.250
.280
.295

IS

I 55.5
56.5

30202
25215
25217

analyzed

M = 0.295
5.0
Ii.0
18.5
27.5
33.5

2.0
ii.0
24.5
31.0
38.5

30021
31016
31018
31019
31020

TABLE

4.-

PHASE

ORIGINAL

PAGE

OF

QUALITY

ANGLE

OF

POOR
FLOW

REVERSAL:

Mach
No.

0.025

. 0.i00

0.250

2.5
36.5
43.0
37.0
22.5
14.5
9.0
6.5

-1.2
34.5
39.5
37.0
24.5
15.5
12.0
12.5

-3.6
27.0
32.5
36.5
25.0

_t,

18.0
18.0
15.5

0.800

AIRFOIL

Ref
frame

= 0.i
-4.6
14.5
16.5
31.0
24.0
17.5
17.5
18.5

-8.6
4.5
10.5
24.0
21.5

16022
16106
16115
16 201
16301

21.5
15.5
21.0

16 309
22209
22202

Ref.
frame

0.25

0.i00

NFR
NFR
NFR
NFR
68.0
64.0

NFR
NFR
NFR
72.0
76.0
69.5

-99.9
0.0
0.5
i0.0

375
3.5
1.5
12.5
a = 15 +

0. 050
.i00
.150

0.600

-2.0
185
24.5
33.5
26.5
18.0
200
16.5

0.250
5 sin
67.0
95.0
69.0
77.5
82.0
79.0

= 15 + 10 sin
0.010
.025
050
.i00

FX-098

x/c

= i0 +
0.010
.025
050
.i00
150
.200

0.400

i0 sin

Reduced
freq.

Wortmann

x/c

= 15 +
0.036
.076
ii0
185
.220
.250
280
.295

IS

14.0
20.5
28.0

15.5
21.5
30.0

4.5
3.5
4.5
14.5
I0 sin
17.5
25.0
32.0

0.400
_t,
67.0
93.5
66.0
75.5
76.0
68.5
_t,
2.5
3.5
6.5
15.0

0.600

0.800

= 0.295
63.0
49.0
57.0
66.0
85.0
830

21201
22223
22300
22301
22302
22303

0.0
5.5
9.5
20.5

21102
17118
17123
17201

I0.0

6.5

21.0
33.5

19.0
26.5

17102
17108
17110

66.5
82.0
61.5
70.0
81.0
75.0
M = 0295
2.5
3.5
8.0
19.0

tot, M = 0185
16.0
24.0
32.0

O_'_,,_n'

PAGE

OF

QUALIT'Y

POOR

TABLE5.- PHASEANGLEOF FLOW

;g

REVERSAL:

Sikorsky

SC-I

AIRFOIL

x/c

Mach
No.

0.025

0.i00

0.250

= 15 +
0.076
.ii0
.185
.220
.250
.280
.295

33.5
43.5
42.0
32.0
22.0
15.0
9.0

30.5
41.0
38.0
28.5
18.5
14.5
12.0

0.400

i0 sin

24.5
28.0
33.0
26.5
22.5
18.5
15.0

wt,

0.600
k

21.0
28.0
35.0
24.5
26.0
20.5
18.0

Ref.
frame

0.800

= 0.i
15.5
36.5
36.5
28.5
29.5
23.5
22.5

23.5
42.5
48.5
35.5
34.5
27.5
16.5

33023
33107
33111
33206
33208
33216
33303

x/c

Reduced

freq.

0.025

0.i00

0.250

a = Ii +
0.050
.i00

TABLE

Mach
No.

-99.9
66.0

6.-

PHASE

70.0
62.5

ANGLE

5 sin
61.0
61.5

OF

O. 030

0.120

40.0
48.5
52.5
25.0
15.0
7.0
5.0

40.0
45.0
42.0
25.0
16.0
9.0
9.5

= 0.295
65.0
65.5

REVERSAL:

Hughes

67.5
67.0

HH-02

0.250

0.380

i0 sin

_t,

32.5
4O.5
40.0
28.0
17.0

28.0
36.5
38.5
31.5
19.5

11.5
15.1

13.0
18.5

0.560
k

0.750

0.025

0.i00

NFR
NFR
53.5
58.5
56.0
57.5

i0 +

0.250

17.5
30.5
37.0
36.0
24.5
14.5
13.0

0.400

5 sin

72.0
78.5
60.0

68.5
74.5
64.5

67.0
67.0
67.0

78.0
80.0
79.0

mr,
59.0
60.0
62.5
79.0
83.5
86.0

i0

37220
37222

AIRFOIL

Ref.
frame

-- 0.i
11.5
13.5
32.4
15.5
18.0

42112
42322
42303
42310
42314

5.8
13.0

42319
42211

x/c

=
0.010
.025
.050
.i00
.150
.200

0.800

x/c

Reduced
freq.

_t,

0.600

52.0
63.5

FLOW

= 15 +
0.076
.ii0
.185
.220
.250
.280
.295

0.400

Ref.
frame

0.600

0.800

Ref.
frame

= 0.295
47.5
49.0
57.0
84.0
94.0
94.0

20.5
33.0
36.5
50.0
54.0
58.0

44020
44022
44100
44105
44107
44113

OF FSOR ,_U_'_-7_

TABLE7.- PHASEANGLEOF FLOWREVERSAL:Vertol VR-7 AIRFOIL

Mach
No.

x/c
0.025

0.i00

0.250

= 15 +
0.076
.ii0
.185
.220
.250
.280
.295

48.0
51.5
54.0
38.0
26.0
24.5
16.5

46.0
49.0
49.5
40.5
26.5
25.5
19.0

37.0
44.0
45.5
39.5
29.0
30.0
26.5

0.025

0.010

NFR
NFR
NFR
NFR
41.5
27.5

NFR
NFR
31.0
36.0
44.5
32.5
=

0.025
.050
.i00
.150

_t,

0.600
k

30.0
32.5
37.8
36.0
29.5
33.0
26.0

0.800

= 0.i
I0.5
15.0
25.0
25.0
25.5
23.5
19.0

-4.0
-6.0
3.5
4.5
7.0
7.0
2.0

xlc

a = 15 +
O. i00
.025
.050
.i00
.150
.200

0.400

I0 sin

Reduced
freq.

Ref.
frame

15 +

NFR
17.5
22.0
26.0
I

0.250

Ref.

0.400

5 sin

_t,

-14.0
-Ii.0
2.5

36.0
49.5
48.0

30.0
41.5
44.0

17.5
39.5
30.0

18.0
20.0
30.5

6.5
14.0
27.0

37.0

43.0

29.0

ii

-63.0
-39.0
-35.0
-23.0
2.0
9.5

45204
45206
45208
45210
45212
45214

M = 0.295

14.5
18.5
28.0
I

frame

= 0.295

-Ii .0
8.0
23.0

wt,

0.800

0.600

-3.0
15.0
26.5

i0 sin

47200
47207
47214
47218
47302
47306
45100

-4.5
0.0

50021
50019

8.0
9.5

50017
50015

TABLE

Mach
No.

8.-

PHASE

ORIGINAL

PAGE

OF

QUALITY

POOR

ANGLE

OF

FLOW

0.025

0.076
.ii0
.185
.200
.220

17.0
29.0
36.0
30.5
20.5

.250
.280
.295

9.5
1.5
0.0

0.i00

0.250
15 +

17.5
26.0
32.0

18.0
23.0
26.0

30.5
17.5
12.5
ii.0
6.0

27.0
18.5
15.5
14.5
9.5

0.025

0.i00

NFR
45.0
52.0

9.-

AIRFOIL

0.800

Ref.
frame

k = 0.i
25.5
30.0
33.0
41.0
21.5
24.0
21.5
17.5

28.5
33.5
21.0
21.0
18.0
12.5

0.400

i0 + 5 sin

43.5
50.0
55.0

PHASE

32.5
36.0
38.0
41.0
29.5
24.5
27.0
24.0

ANGLE

_t,

44.0
47.0
54.5

OF

0.600

62021
62105
62113
62115
62209
62211
62218
62308

0.i00

36.5
55.0
61.0

REVERSAL:

0.250

a = 15 +
84.0
98.5
69.5

78.5
93.5
58.5

0.400

i0 sin

75.0
82.5
55.0

wt,

66.5
76.0
52.5

35.5
59.0
66.5

NLR-7301

0.600
k

0.025

0.i00
a = 15 +

0.250

0.400

5 sin

0. 010
.025
.050
i00

NFR
NFR
NFR
NFR

56.5
64.0
68.5
34.0

54.5
57.5
60.0
43.0

.150
.200

NFR
NFR

37.5
35.0

46.0
53.0

_t,
51.0
53.5
56.5
44.5
51.0
64.5

12

63109
63113
63115

AIRFOIL

0.800

Ref.
frame

= 0.i
56.0

24.0

50.5
48.0

35.0
38.5

x/c

Reduced

Ref.
frame

= 0.295

42.0
49.0
55.0

FLOW

0.800

xlc
0.025

freq.

mt,

0.600

21.5
26.0

0.250

Mach
No.

0.ii0
.185
.250

NLR-I

x/c

TABLE

0.400

i0 sin

Reduced

0.025
I00
.200

REVERSAL:

x/c

a =

freq.

_3

0.600

0.800

62105
62113
62211

Ref.
frame

= 0.295
48.5
48.0
43.5
43.0
61.0
44.0

40.5
16.0
2.0
Ii.0
24.0
23.0

68020
68101
68103
68105
68110
68112

TABLEi0.-

ERROR-BOUND
FORFLOW-REVERSAL
MEASUREMENTS
(deg):
NACA

0012

Mach

AIRFOIL

x/c

No.

0.025
Corresponds

0.035
.073
.ii0
.145
.185
.185
.220
.250
.270
.280
.290
.295

4.0
2.0
1.5
5.0
0.5
2.5
3.0
0.0
2.0
2.0
0.5
0.5

0.i00
to

table

0.250
2:

0.600
i0 sin

0.0
0.0
0.5
2.5

1.5
1.5
0.5
4.0

1.0
2.5
1.0
3.5

1.5
5.0
3.0
3.5

2.0
3.0
1.0
0.0
2.0
2.0

1.0
2.5
0.5
1.5
2.0
1.0

1.0
1.5
2.5
2.0
2.5
2.0

3.5
4.0

2.5
1.5

1.5
1.5

2.5
0.0

0.800
_t,

k
2.0
3.0
3.0

0.025

NFR
NFR
NFR
5.0

0.i00
to table
5.0
0.0
2.0
1.0

0.250
2:

0.400

a = 12 +
4.0
2.0
2.0
3.5

2.0
5.0
2.5
5.0

13

= 0.i
8103
8115

2.5
0.5
1.5
2.0

3.5
2.0
9.0
3.0
1.5
0.0
3.0

2320
2314
8221
2310
2208
2204
2202
2200

1.0
0.0

1.5
2.5

2103
2101

x/c

Corresponds
0.025
.050
.i00
.200

0.400
_ = 15 +

Reduced
freq.

Ref.
frame

0.600
5 sin
2.0
2.0
4.0
2.0

mr,

0.800
M

Ref.
frame

= 0.295
1.5
2.0
4.6
1.5

7201
7204
7206
7208

TABLE

ii.-

ERROR-BOUND

ORIGINAL

PP--,GE |2

OF

QUALITY

POOR

FOR
Ames

FLOW-REVERSAL
A-01 AIRFOIL

MEASUREMENTS

(deg):

x/c

Mach
No.

0.025
Corresponds

0.076
.ii0

1.5
1.0

.185
.220
.250
.280
.295

1.5
2.0
1.0
0.0
0.5

0.i00
to

table

0.250
3:

1.5
0.5
2.5
3.0
1.5
1.5
1.5

0.025

0.i00
to

NFR
NFR

table

6.0
2.0
5.0
3.0
1.0
1.5
0.5

3.0
2.0
4.0
3.5

_t,

0.5
2.0

k = 0.i
6.0
3.0
3.0
5.0
2.0
4.0
3.0

1.2
6.5
4.0
2.0
1.5

0.0
1.5
1.5

NFR
2.0
1.0
1.3
1.5

0.250
3:

3.0
6.5
Data

Corresponds
O. 010
.025
050
i00
.150

0.800

x/c

Corresponds
0. 010
.050
i00

0.600

a = 15 + i0 sin

Reduced
freq.

0.400

to

too

table
3.0
2.5
1.0
1.0
3.0

0.400

_ =
4.0
2.5

0.600
5 sin

4.0
2.5

irregular
3:

Ii +

to be

2.0
3.0

3.0
1.0
0.0
1.5
1.0

0.5
1.0
2.5

14

0.800

_t,

I
I

3.5
2.0

1.0
1.0
2.5
4.0
1.5

_t,

24400
24316
24219
24210
24202
24118
24108

Ref.
frame

= 0.295
2.5
5.5

analyzed

a = 15 + I0 sin

Ref.
frame

30202
25215
25217

= 0.295

1.5
1.0
3.5
2.0
0.5

30021
31016
31018
31019
31020

OF

TABLE

I 2.-

POOR

ERROR-BOUND
FOR
Wortmann

QU&L]3"_'

FLOW-REVERSAL
MEASUREMENTS
FX-098
AIRFOIl,

(deg):

x/c

Mach
No.

0.025
Corresponds

0.036
.076
.110
.185
220
.250

0.I00
to

0.5
2.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.5

table

0.250

0.400

4:

]5 +

cx =

0.0
1.5
3.0
1.0
] .5
] .0

].5

3.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
1.0

0.025

Corresponds
0.025
.050
.i00
.150
.200

to table

4:

2.0
0.5
1.5
to

NFR
0.0
1.0
1.0

14.0
20.5
28.0

0.250

NFR
NFR

2.5
3.0

Corresponds
0.050
.I00
150

0.i00

NFR
NFR
NFR

Corresponds
0.010
.025
.050
.i00

i0 sin

0.800
,_t, k = 0.I

1.0
l. 0
l. 0
3.0
2.0
1.5

1.0
2.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
2.0

16022
16106
16115
16201
16301
16309

x/c

Reduced
freq.

l .5
] .0
] .0
3.0
2.0
0.5

0.600

table

4:

table
15.5
21.5
30.0

= i0 +

3.0
2.0

3.5
2.0
1.0
1.5
0.0

7.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
1.0

15 +

i0 sin

2.0
0.0
0.5
2.0

2.0
0.0
1.5
2.0

a =
1.0
0.0
1.0
0.5

4:

a =

17.5
25.0
32.0

15

5 sin

15 + i0 sin
16.0
24.0
32.0

0.800

0.600

3.0
1.0
0.0

2.0
0.0
1.5
2.0
to

0.400

i0.0
21.0
33.5

Ref.
frame

wt,

M = 0.295
2.5
2.0
1.0
1.0
3.5

wt,

22303

= 0.295

2.5
0.0
0.5
5.0
_t,

22223
22300
22301
22302

22102
17118
17123
17201

= 0.295

6.5
19.0
26.5

17102
17108
17110

TABLE

13.-

ORIGINAL

PAGE

OF

QUALITY

POOR

I_

ERROR-BOUND
FOR FLOW-REVERSAL
Hughes
HH-02 AIRFOIL

MEASUREMENTS

(deg):

x/c

Mach
No.

0.030
I

Corresponds
0.076
.Ii0
.185
220
.250
.280
.295

I l
0.120

to

1.0
1.5
3.0
1.0
1.0
0.0
1.0

table

0.250
6:

0.380
a

15 +

3.0
3.0
3.0
1.0

1.5
7.0
2.0
1.0

1.5
3.0

2.0
2.0
7.0

1.5
2.0
1.0

1.0

Ref.

i i

0.560

0.750

iO sin

cat,

3.0
8.0
3.0
1.5
1.0
3.0
1.0

frame

= 0.1

4.0
2.0

42122
42322

3.0
4.0
4.0
1.0
i .0

42303
42310
42314
42319
42211

x/c

0.050

Corresponds
0.010
.025
050
i00
.150
200

1.0
2.0
2.0
1.0

Reduced
freq.

NFR
NFR
1.0
2.0
1.0
1.0

0.i00
to

table
3.5
6.5
1.5
0.5
3.0
1.0

0.250
6:

Ref.
0.400

= i0 +

5.0
6.5
1.5
2.5
3.0
0.0

4.5
3.5
1.5
2.0
3.0
1.0

0.600
5 sin
2.5
3.0
2.0
2.0
6.5
2.0

_t

] 0.800

frame

M = 0.295
2.0
3.0
2.0
2.0
0.0
5.5

44020
44022
44100
44].05
44107
44113
i

16

TABLE

15.-

ORIGINAL

PAGE

OF

QUALITY

ERROR-BOUND

POOR

IS

FOR FLOW-REVERSAL
NLR-I AIRFOIL

MEASUREMENTS

(deg):

x/e

Maeh
No.

0.025

0.i00

Corresponds
0,076
.ii0
.185
200
.220
250
.280
.295

to

0.5
0.5
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.5
1.0
0.0

0.250

table

8:
1.0
2.0

3/0

3.0
2.0
0.5
1.5
1.0
2.0

2.0

0.025

0.i00
to

16.-

0.250

table

NFR
0.0
2.0

TABLE

u_t, k = 0.i
5.0
1.0
2.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.5

8:

3.5
0.5
0.5

ERROR-BOUND

0.400

_ =

0.600

0.025

10 + 5 sin

3.0
5.0
5.5

3.5
2.0
2.0

ut,

0.5
2.5
0,0

FOR FLOW-REVERSAL
NLR-7301
AIRFOIL

0.i00

Corresponds
0.ii0
.185
.250

MEASUREMENTS

to

table
4.0
6.0
2.5

4.0
5.0
2.5

0.400

9:

15 + I0 sin

_ =

i0.0
7.0
1.0

0.600

0.800
wt,

ii.0
4.0
5.0

0.025

0.i00
to

NFR
NFR
NFR
NFR
NFR
NFR

table
1.0
2,0
3.5
1.0
1.5
0.5

0.250
9:

0.400

6.0
1.5
I.i

a =
1.5
3.0
3.5
1.0
1.0
4.0

0.600

15 + 5 sin
0.5
2.0
5.5
2.0
4.5
4.0

mr,

0.800
M

63109
63113
63115

(deg):

Ref.
frame

k = 0.i

x/c

Corresponds
0.010
.025
.050
.i00
.150
.200

13.0
7.0
2.0

Ref.
frame

= 0.295
O.5
2.0
2.5

0.250

Reduced
freq.

62209
62211
62218
62308

0.800

x/c

Mach
No.

62021
62105
62113
62115

xlc

Corresponds
0.025
.i00
.200

i0 sin

0.800

2.5
4.0
3.0
2.0
3.0
1.5
0.5
3.0

2.5
1.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
0.0
1.0

Reduced
freq.

0.600

a = 15 +

2.0
4.0
1.0
0.0
1.0
2.0
1.0

0.400

Ref.
frame

67121
67221
67306

Ref.
frame

= 0.295

1.5
1.5

2.0
4.0

68020
68101

O. 5
0.5
2.5
Ii,0

2,5
5.0
5.5
9.0

68103
68105
68110
68112

,.J

18

PRECEDING PAGE BLANK NOT FILMED

r',_" POO.q

TABLE 17.- NOTES

Qo_.I,'TY

PERTAINING

TO TABLES

18 TO 25

DATA LISTED IN ORDER A FRAMES STORED ON DIGITAL

B FRAMES ARE ON ANALOG TAPE ONLY
A FRAME - CATALOG ENTRY FOR PRESSURE DATA
TRIP - TRIP %S PRESENT - (YIES.
OR (RIO
TYPE - TEST CONDITIONS
(STIEADY.
OR IUNISTEADY
AO - MEAN ANGLE OF OSCILLATION.
DEGREES
A1 - AMPLITUDE OR OSCILLATION,
DEGREES
Q
- FREE STREAM DYNAMIC PRESSURE. PSI
M - FREE STREAM MACN NUMBER
RE - FREE STREAM REYNOLDS
NUMBER
FRE@ - DIMENSIONAL
FRE@UENCY.
HERTZ
B FRAME - CATALOG ENTRY FOR HOT-FILM
AND HOT-WIRE DATA

19

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29

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32

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33

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OF POOR

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34

.....

.................
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o .......
_

M
--00000000000000_0000000000

35

ORIGINAL

PAGE ',S

OF POOR

QUALITY

CONNECTED
AXIS OF ROTATION

OUTLINE

TO DRIVE

SYSTEM

/
PLEXlGLASS
IN TUNNEL

OF

WINDOW
CEILING

Y,/,/z$

OUTER

OUTLINE
OF /
MODEL SHELL

PRESSURE

ORI FICES

il
II

a%_

HOT WIRE SENSORS

II
II
II
FI
II

II
I
I
I
"',

t__7_ I

.K_\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\I.

_///////////////////////_

Figure

I.-

Diagram

showing

25ram GROUND
ON TUNN/_L

PLANE

FLOOR

li
Jl
II
II
i I

| I I:{_\" _\\\\_\\\\\\\_'_
!

_1 \ _/////////////////////_

installation

of

36

spar

and

alrfoil

shell

in

tunnel.

ORIG_i'_:._".-. :'_.,'._
OF

POOR

''.j

_L_.c_...TT_'

3" TEFLON-COATED
LEAD Wl RES
ALUMINA-COATED
(0.12)

(0.0005)

PLATINUM
WIDE

OVERALL

NOTE:

Figure

2.-

LENGTH

PROBE MODIFIED
FLUSH

SURFACE

Diagram

FILMSTRIP

BY (1.0) (0.4)

of

LONG

//

_J//

FROM

TSI MODEL

1237

SENSOR

hot-film

skin-frlction

gage.

NF
HF2

_-J/T1

T2 -_-_R_

' V--"I'_

""_'_

-_

-.... _

I
21r

Figure
3.airfoil
k

Response
of hot-film
skln-frictlon
gages mounted
on Ames A-01
during
airfoll
oscillation
in pitch
(_ = 15 + i0 sin _t,

= 0.i0,

M_

= 0.22).

37

ORIGINAL
OF POOR

QUALITY

PAGE

_:3

x/c = 0.025

FR

Figure

4.-

airfoil
k

0.I0,

Response

of

during
M=

hot-film

airfoil
=

skin-friction

oscillation

in

gages

pitch

(_

at
=

surface

15 +

0.295).

=22 AWG SOLID COPPER WIRE

OR SIMILAR

3/4 -_

_'-_

FLATFACE

0.030 -+0.005

(3.2) diam

6 in. PIGTAIL LEADS

0+040 APPROX.

ALL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES

DESIGN BASED ON TSI PROBE 1244

Figure

5.- Diagram

of dual-element

38

hot-wire

of

I0 sin

probe.

NACA
mr,

0012

72
HW1

,_

x/c = 0.025
HW2
mm
x/c = 0.10

FR

Figure 6.- Response of hot-wlre anemometer probes on Wortmann FX-098 airfoil

during airfoil oscillation in pitch (_ = 15 + i0 sin _t, k = 0.10,
M= = O.li).

HW6
x/c = 0.80
FR

Figure

7.-

Response of hot-wlre anemometer probe installed near trailing

of the Vertol VR-7 airfoil during oscillation in pitch.

39

edge

_c/2V

= 0.15,

c_= 15 + 10 sin _t

ORIGINAL

PACE IS

OF pOOR

QUALITY

M = 0.185
_cl2V

(A)

INITIAL

(B)

VORTEX-INDUCED

FLOW

(C)

STAGNATED

(D)

UPSTREAM

(E)

REATTACHMENT

REVERSAL
UPSTREAM

= 0.15
M - 0.185

FR -

z 15 + 10 = sin(_t

R -

FLOW

FLOW

FLOW

RFS

MOVEMENT

OF

FLOW

SENSOR

R
R_l

_/

--

HOT

RFSATx/c=0,60

zerovoltz

WIRE

ANEMOMETER
RFS

AB

ii

zero

(a)

AT x/c = 0.80

volts

DE

i '
j_

AT x/c - 0.40

FLOW

REVERSE

REVERSAL

REATTACHMENT

T AT x/c
HEATER-OFF_

SIGNAL

ALPHA

ALPHA

(b)

Figure 8.- Results obtained using trlple-wire flow-reversal

sensor:
(a) Typical comparison of flow-reversal
sensor and hot-wire anemometer
signal (from ref. 2); (b) Progression
dynamic stall (from ref. 2).

4O

of flow reversal

up airfoil

during

= 0.80

l'Laq_"

OF POOR

--1.0

QiJALITY

(0.02)

(q

i.iiiiiIiiIii1_1111/_111111

(.z/.////
_

_/,,
_'lg.

7"/////_
IlIIIAI,

._

"_'.,:

iii1_i#!111r1111

,AI

EPOXY

0.02 (0.008)

EPOXY
17-4
TUBING

NO. 30 AWG
TEFLON
LEAD WIRES
(SOLDERED
TO Ni)

25 ,u (0.001) diam
RODAR
HEATER
WIRE
(SPOT WELDED)
diam

TERMINALS

CERAMIC
INSERT

25/_ (0.0002) diam

SENSOR WIRE
(SPOT WELDED)

0.051

I_ o.osol
_1
_._1 _O.lg'
DIMENSIONS

Figure

9.-

Diagram

of

three-element,
(from

IN mm

(ft)

directionally
ref.

41

2).

sensitive

hot-wire

probe

ORIGINAL
OF POOR

100 CYCLE
1.5

.....

SINGLE

PAGE 13
QUALITY

AVERAGE

CYCLE

ALPHA

CM

x/c - 0.025

x/c - 0.10

x/c = 0.25

'-'%

x/c = 0.40

A,,!_.

!L ,..

_,,

0
/

x/ - 0,60 L .

a
&,',,
- ."_L._/,L -IV
""

_',..

o
x/c = 0.80

"

! I
'

_ I.
'- i:

_' _; ,__,_'.'

._,
_-

_ 4^

_,I'_ "'/!,,,,

-I
.,,.

.......

l,,_, A

_. _

....

20

40

60

80

100

PHASE ANGLE

--

---

--'-

IN CYCLE,

--

140

160

180

_t,

-'" -

,._,._
- - _

>-",
",,

120

Figure
i0.- Comparison
of 100-cycle
ensemble
average
from hot-wire
anemometers
for Vertol
VR-7 airfoil
pitch:
--,
I00 cycle average;
, single

42

"_,',,,,-,,
'"

I'11"

--

deg

and single-cycle
signals
during
oscillation
in
cycle.

200

OF _,_

"-

LS

CM

HF1
HW2

x/c = 0.025

0.10
HW3

0.25

0.40
HW4

HW5

0.60
0.80
FR /
_ot
0

Figure
probes

k -

II.on

0.10,

Response

of

hot-fllm

Vertol

VR-7

during

36O _

gage

skln-frlctlon
oscillation

M= = 0.185).

43

in

pitch

and
(=

hot-wlre
=

15 =

anemometer
+

i0 =

sln

ut,

ORIGI, NAL PAGE |S

OF POOR QUALITY

7O
MACH

NACA-0012

A
+

60

50
[]

g,

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

NO
0,036
0.076
0.110
0.145
0.185
0.220
0.250
0.270
0.295

"ID

40
)C_
Z

ua 30
z

N 20

10

-10
0

.2

.4

.6

.8

1.0

x/c

Figure
12.- Phase angle,
_t, of flow
for a range
of Mach numbers
at
k
effects.

reversal
on NACA 0012 airfoil
vs chord
location
= 0.i, u = 15 + I00 sln _t --Mach
number

44

OF FC'E:_ QU#,L!TY

7O
AM ES-01

MACH NO
O '= 0.076
- 0.110
= 0.185
+ = 0.220
= 0.250
0

50-

,, 0.280
0.295

40
_z
30

z
20
=.=
lO

-10
o

.4

.6

.8

1.0

x/

Figure
for

13.a

Phase

range

of

angle,
Mach

mr,
numbers

of

flow
at

reversal
k

0.i,

effects.

45

on

Ames

15 +

A-01

airfoil

I0 sin

_t

vs
--Mach

chord

location

number

ORIG;,_AL
OF POOR

p.'_GE i_
QU/-,Liz"_'

70
WORTMANN

MACH

FX-098

Z_
+

6O

,,
=
=
=
=
=
=

[]

NO

0.036
0.076
0.110
0.185
0.220
0.250
0.280
0.295

" 40
z

_ 30

2o
10

-10
0

.2

.4

.6

.8

1.0

x/c

Figure 14.- Phase angle, _t, of flow reversal on Wortmann FX-098 airfoil vs chord
location for a range of Mach numbers at k = 0.I, u = 15 + I0 sin _t --Mach
number effects.

46

OF POOR

Q!-.";,..i_'(

7O
MACH NO
[] - 0.076
= 0.110
A - 0.185
+ - 0.220
x - 0.25O
o = 0.280
... 0.296

StKORSKY SC-1095
6O

5O

40

30

20

10

.2

.4

.6

.8

1.0

x/c

Figure

15.-

location
number

Phase
for

angle,
a

range

_t,
of

of

Mach

flow
numbers

reversal
at

effects.

47

on
k

Sikorsky
0.i,

SC-i095
-

15 +

airfoil
i0 sin

vs
_t

chord

-- Mach

0RiG;NAt F,_,GE_S
_i= pOOR QU_,L_,'P/

7O
HUGHES

MACH

HH02

.1
50

,..i

NO

[] ,, 0.076
= 0.110
/_ = 0.185
+ = 0.220
= 0.250
= 0.280
_7 = 0.295

40

>,.
Z
ua 30
,,.i
Z
,<
M.I

_ 20
-IQ,.
10

-10
0

.2

!
.6

.4

i
.8

1.0

x/c

Figure 16.- Phase angle, _t, of flow reversal on Hughes HH-02 airfoil vs chord location for a range of Mach numbers at k = 0.I, s = 15 + I0 sin _t --Mach number
effects.

48

OF ?OOR

_v ......

7O
BOEING

VERTOL

MACH NO
[] = 0.078
C) = 0.110
A = 0.185
+ = 0.220
x - 0.250
O = 0.280
= 0.285

VR-7

6O

..I
O

40

O
Z

uJ 30
.=I
Z
<
uJ

_ 20
-r"
o.

lO

-I0
0

.2

.4

.6

.8

1.0

x/c

Figure
tion

17.for

Phase
a

range

ansle,
of

_t,
Mach

of

flow

numbers

reversal
at

effects.

49

on
0.i,

Vertol
_ =

VR-7

15 +

airfoil
I0"

sin

vs
ut

chord

-- Mach

locanumber

ORIGINAL

PAGE

OF POOR

QUALITY

_S

7O
MACH

NLR-1

E_

Z_
+

6O

50
[]

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
-

NO
0.076
0.110
0.185
0.200
0.220
0.250
0.280
0.295

4O
J

z
30

2o
10

-10

.2

.4

.6

.8

1.0

x/c

Figure
a

18.range

Phase
of

Mach

angle,
numbers

_t,

of
at

flow
k

reversal
0.I,

on
=

50

15

NLR-I
+

10

airfoil
sin

vs

,._t -- Mach

chord
number

location
effects.

for

OF _JOi "_,QU:_,LFYY
100
NLR-7

[] = 0.110

0.185
I AMACH0.250
NO

9O

4O

30

20
0

.2

.4

.6

.8

1.0

x/c

Figure 19.- Phase angle, mr, of flow reversal on NLR-7 airfoil vs chord location for
a range of Mach numbers at k = 0.i, s = 15 + I0 sin _t --Mach number effects.
100
NACA-0012

RED FREQ
= 0.025
0 = 0.050
L_ = 0.100
-,- = 0.200

9O

8O

-J

70

J
>,U
Z

60

,,-I

z
,,<
ua 50
-r"
40

3O

2O

.2

.4

.6

.8

1.0

X/C

Figure
20.- Phase
for a range of
conditions.

angle,
mr,
frequencies

of flow
at
M_

reversal
= 0.295,

51

on NACA 0012 airfoil

vs chord location
_ = 12 + 5 sin mt -- light-stall

OF POOR QUALFi'Y
100

(_

AMES-01

_ED - FREO
0.010

" 0.050
9O

-D

80

=,l
.J

O
Z

,,,

70

.J

o
z
MJ

60
-r
a.

5O

40

.2

.4

.6

.8

1.0

x/c

Figure
for

21.a

Phase

range

angle,
of

mr,

of

frequencies

at

flow
M_o

reversal

on

0.295,

Ames
=

ii

A-01

airfoil

sin

mt

vs
--

chord

location

light-stall

conditions.

100
WORTMANN

FX-098

RED FREO
[]
= 0.010
= 0.025
= 0.050
+
= 0.100
X = 0.150
O =0.200

9O

==
'_

X
80

_1
U
U
Z

.,

70

,_

60

"r"
a.

5O

4O
0

.2

.4

.6

.8

1.0

x/c

Figure 22.- Phase angle, mt, of flow reversal on Wortmann FX-098 airfoil vs chord
location for a range of frequencies at M= = 0.295, _ = i0 + 5 sin _t -- lightstall conditions.
52

ORi"JrNqL

P;_C:-F:_S

OF POOR

QUALITY

100
Sl KORSKY

SC-1095
[]
- 0.050
I ORED" FREQ
0.100

9O

M,I
.J

o
>.
o
z
w

70

_I

z
<
iu

_ 6o
-r
a,.

[3

.2

.4

.6

.8

1.0

x/c

Figure 23.- Phase angle, _t, of flow reversal on Sikorsky SC-I095 airfoil vs chord
location for a range of frequencies at M_ = 0.295, _ = ii + 5 sin _t -- lightstall conditions.
100
RED FREQ

HUGHES-HH02
90

[]
O
Z_
+

...........

"
=
=
=
=

0.010
0.025
0.050
0.100
0.150
0.200

4O

Figure
24.- Phase angle,
_t, of flow reversal
on Hughes
HH-02
airfoil
vs chord
location for a range of frequencies
at
M_ = 0.295,
_ - 10 + 5 sin _t -- llght-stall
conditions.

53

OR,=J',I,r_L Ff.:
OF POOR

_ "_

QUALITY

60
BOEING

VERTOL

VR-7

50

40

RED

FREQ

[]

A
+

0.010
0.025
0.050
0.100
0.150
0.200

=
=
=
=
=

3O

20
-4
J

>u
z

10

U3
.J

z
MJ

-10
o.

-3O

-40

-50
0

.2

.4

.6

.8

1.0

x/c

Figure
tion

25.- Phase angle,

for
conditions.

range

of

_t, of flow reversal

frequencies

at

M=

on Vertol

0.295,

VR-7 airfoil
15

sin

vs chord
=t

loca-

-- light-stall

100
NLR-1

RED

FREQ

[] = 0.025
= 0.100
L_ = 0.200

90

8o

-_

70

LP

>L)
Z
,,

60

.J

z
50
f

40

30

20

.2

"

.4

.6

.8

1.0

x/c

Figure
26.Phase angle,
_t,
of flow
reversal
for a range of frequencies at M= = 0.295,
conditions.

54

on NLR-1 airfoil
vs chord location
_ = 10 + 5 sin _t -- light-stall

_.

OF POOR

tq

QUALITY

70
NLR-7
0
60

RED

FREQ

[]
0
A
+
X
0

0.010
0.025
0.050
0.100
0.150
0.200

=
'=
=
=
=
=

5O

,.,,,I
,.)

4O

>.
lj
z
l.u
,-I

3O

z
I,u

_c
z

20

.....

o.

I0

-10

-0

.2

.4

.6

.8

1.0

x/c

Figure
27.- Phase
for a range of
conditions.

angle,
_t,
frequencies

of flow
at
M_

reversal
= 0.295,

55

on NLR-7
airfoil
e = 15 + 5 sin

vs chord
location
_t -- light-stall

ORIGINAL

PAG_

OF POOR

QUALITY

5O

I
| RED FREQ
I [] = o.olo
I o = 0.025

AMES-01

I _ = 0.05o
I + = o.'mo

....

4O

.jsJ

= 0.150

_30
-I

>.
j,
z
m 20
.J

_3
Z
u.I

10

D.

-10

" .;, " ._ " ._,

.e

1.o

x/c

Figure
range

28.of

Phase

frequencies

angle,
at

_t,
M_

of
=

flow

0.295,

reversal
_

15 +

56

on

Ames

10 sin

A-OI
_t

airfoil

vs

-- deep-stall

chord

for

conditions.

5O
RED FREQ
WORTMANN

O
0
A
+

FX-098

40

"
=
=
=

0.010
0.025
0.050
0.100

.2

.4

.6

.8

1.0

x/c

Figure 29.- Phase angle, _t, of flow reversal on Wortmann W-98 airfoil vs chord for a
range of frequencies at M_ = 0.295, _ = 15 + i0 sin _t -- deep-stall conditions.

57

ORIGINAL
P._G_ [<"_
LJ
OF POOC_ _"" ' ",'.p

5O
WORTMANN

FX-098

RED
[]

FREQ

=0.05O
= 0.1_
= 0.15O

4O

30

,--I
r,.,)

z
,1,

20

--I

[]

z
.<
MJ

<
I-

o.

10

-10

i
0

.2

i
.4

,6

.8

1.0

x/c

Figure
30.a range
of

Phase angle,
_t, of flow reversal
on Wortmann
frequencies
at
M= = 0.185,
_ = 15 + i0 sin

58

FX-098
airfoil
_t -- deep-stall

vs chord
for
conditions.

OHIL_,,AL

PAGT- ,:_

OF POOR

QUALITY

50
BOEING

VERTOL

VR-7

RED FREQ
[7
0

40

=
=
=
=

0.025
0.050
0.100
0.150

._ 3O
--I

).
J
z
w 20
o
z
<
uJ
(n

<
:]:

10

a.

-10

"

._

" ._

,o

x/c

Figure
range

31.- Phase
angle,
of frequencies
at

_t,
M=

of flow reversal
on Vertol
= 0.295,
= 15 + i0 sin

59

VR-7 airfoil
vs
_t -- deep-stall

chord
for a
conditions.

I.

4.

Report
No.
NASA TM-84245
US AAVRADCOM
TR-82-A-8
Title

and

2.

Go_rnment

STALL

Carr, W. J. McCroskey,
Pucci,
and O. Lambert*

Performing

Organi_tion

Name

and

K.

S_nsoring

Agency

Name

and

W.

Ames

Field_

Catalog

No.

_ta

December

1982

6.

Performing

Orglnizltion

Code

8.

PIwformiog

OrgBnizetion

Research

Report

No.

A-8938
Center,

Army AeroResearch

Unit

No.

K-1585
11.

Contract

or

13.

Type

Report

of

Grant

and
93166

14.

Sponsoring

No.

and

Technical

and

D.C. 20546,
St. Louis,
MO

Work

Agency

PIriod

Covered

Memorandum
Code

Notes

*Service
Technique
Point
of Contact:
16.

Report

McAlister,

Aeronautics

Space
Administration,
Washington,
U.S. Army Aviation
R&D Command,
_p_ementary

ADVANCED

Address

National

15.

R_,ipkmt'$

1().

NASA

3.

MEASUREMENTS

Moffett
Field,
Calif.
94035,
and U.S.
mechanics
Laboratory
(AVRADCOM),
Ames
Center,
Moffett
Field,
Calif.
94035
12.

ON

Aurar(s)

L. W.
S. L.
9.

No.

Subtitle

AN EXPERIMENTAL
STUDY OF DYNAMIC
AIRFOIL
SECTIONS
VOLUME
3.
HOT-WIRE
AND HOT-FILM
7.

Acmsion

Calif.

des Constructions
L. W. Carr, Ames

94035.

(415)

965-5892

A_ronautiques,
Research
Center,
or

FTS

Paris,
France.
MS 215-1, Moffett

448-5892.

Abstract

Detailed
unsteady
boundary-layer
measurements
are presented
for eight
airfoils
oscillated
in pitch
through
the dynamic-stall
regime.
The present
report
(the third of three volumes)
describes
the techniques
developed
for
analysis
and evaluation
of the hot-film
and hot-wire
signals,
offers
some
interpretation
of the results,
and tabulates
all the cases in which
flow
reversal
has been recorded.

17.

Key

Wor_

(Suggutad

Dynamic

19.

by

Author(s))

Maximum

lift

Oscillating
airfoils
Airfoil
Boundary
layer measurements
Unsteady
pressure
distributions

data

Security

Oamif.

stall

18.

(of this _rt)

_,

Unclassified

Distribution

Statement

Unlimited

Subject

Security

C_mf.

(of this

_)

21.

Unclassified
"For

sale by the National

Technical

Information

No.

of

67
Service.

Springfield.

Virginia

22161

Category
Pages

22.

- 02
Price"

A04