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By James E. D. Cline
Version 20090628
Abstract:
Low mass, light weight vehicles of adequate functional strength, might be made of
substructures strengthened by internal pressure within them, and the subsections assembled
into the appropriate shaped full vehicle structures. For ease, imagine soda straw sized
balloons made of pressurized high strength plastic or metal, and the straws all glued together
to make complicated large shapes such as cars.
Background:
The use of pressurized shaped structures of vehicles has had a long history.
•Hot air balloons carrying several people in a basket beneath it,
•Lighter than air aircraft such as dirigibles.
•Inflated motorized boats are deployed at sea.
•High altitude balloon platforms are used as launch pads for rockets toward space.
•The large fuel tanks of massive rocket launch vehicles are pressurized so as to have
adequate strength while utilizing relatively thin material for the tanks so as to save on launch
vehicle weight to be lifted off the pad.
So there is lots of precedent for the use of internal pressure to strengthen and stiffen the
structures of vehicles. Although not built yet, inflated towers of kevlar have been proposed to
reach tens of miles high from the ground. Inflated playground structures for children have
been utilized for many years, that have complex structures and extending tens of feet in all
dimensions. And on the science fiction side, the author's novel “It's Down To Earth” freely
available here on scribd, includes several such vehicles in it, written in 2007.
So a basic idea added here is to creatively build on such precedents to add another part
to it, that of building the major part of a general class of vehicles, that are made of pressurized
subsections to attain complex shaped structures of very low mass for their strength. Such
vehicles could provide interesting new characteristics for transportation.
•For one example if automobile unitized bodies were made of pressurized kevlar, and
requiring a comparable low weight motor and small fuel tank to match the low fuel
consumption; and in collision, there would be much less kinetic energy delivered to the
vehicles involved, as well as energy absorbed by the pressurized subsections, that safety
would be greatly enhanced, assuming all vehicles on that road were of the same construction.
•Another example would be for high altitude aircraft, what if the structures of aircraft were
built hollow of carbon fiber composites that were pressurized inside, to make ultralightweight
shell structure sections for aircraft, shaped to match the configuration of the aircraft.
•Commercial jet airliners could take on a new category of low airframe mass that has to be
supported by the flow of air across the wings, and thus much higher fuel efficiency and
options for flight.
•Another example is lighter than air vehicles, using hollow pressurized shell structures that
enclose areas filled with helium or, even hydrogen with adequate precautions, to make the
overall structure of neutral buoyancy at high altitude; such structures could be made in the
shape of swept back wing jet aircraft too, able to attain long duration flights at speeds of mach
0.8; and with neutral buoyancy, such aircraft could turn off their engines and just drift with the
wind, perhaps use the high altitude jet streams for even greater efficiency carrying freight, and
restart its jet engines to break free of the jet stream when resuming under its own power
toward its destination.
Although much R&D remain for such vehicles, such as ways to monitor the internal
pressure of all the subsection structures, and shape fabrication and means of pressurizing the
hollow structures, a lot of technology is already in existence for such vehicular structures, and
mainly need design for their revised configurations.
Some ideas for variations come to mind when viewing these pressurized shaped
structures as of the more general class of prestressed structures, which include prestressed
concrete bridge and building structures, for example.
•Thus one then could consider such things as closed cell foamed aluminum castings made at
high pressure, so that when released from the mold, it would have a high distributed internal
prestressed load bearing capacity, useful for perhaps aircraft wings made much like injection
molded model aircraft parts; the cast wing could have embedded parts such as solid ribs, and
control lines both hydraulic and electrical, embedded bearing connectors for flaps, all cast in
place when the molten aluminum is foamed into the mold to cast the wing.
•Possibly low temperature fiber reinforced epoxy could be foamed into castings of some
vehicular substructures while under pressure, so when hardened they would be of closed cell
pressurized prestressed construction of, say, car doors.
•The neutral buoyancy vehicles have particular interest right now, in the field of clean
electrical energy production, such as for use in tethered vehicles functioning as kites in jet
streams supporting wind turbines, extracting energy from the jet streams, which have recently
been reported to contain 100 times the energy being utilized around the world, at any given
time, in aggregate jet stream energy; so such neutral buoyancy tethered vehicles would not
need to have continual jet stream energy to stay aloft as a pure kite would; and if their tethers
were of similar neutral buoyancy construction or tether sections supported by periodic
positioned balloons, their weight including electrical conductors would not have to be
supported by the high flying vehicle.
As for who could utilize these concepts to enhance their business, Boeing comes to
mind re the high altitude jet aircraft, of course; but there is no accepted standard mechanism
for offering such input to such companies, I have found in the past; and even then, they are
merely responding with legal defensive mechanisms so as to not obligate themselves to
provide any compensation for the businessenhancing concepts. As for the automobile
concepts, the kevlar one would require a nationwide safety standard based on the concept,
thus at first only utilized in small restricted areas on the ground. The pressure foamed
reinforced epoxy door panels etc could be used by any vehicle manufacturer, I suppose, once
demonstrating safety through engineering testing.
In summary, this brief paper outlines some ideas to assist in widely varying application
fields, from electrical power generation to highly efficient jet airliners to a new class of high
efficiency ground commute, all based on the general concept of pressurestrengthened
structural subsections of vehicles, a field of technology that could be interesting to develop
and utilize.
Copyright © 2009 James E. D. Cline
Version on 20090627b